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Wu Q, Liu C, Liu Y, Li T. Engineering fluorescent NO probes for live-monitoring cellular inflammation and apoptosis. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39291408 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The processes of apoptosis and inflammatory responses, which are defensive strategies used by cells to confront external substances, can give rise to diverse diseases when prolonged or disrupted, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Here we engineered a live-cell imaging fluorescent probe for nitric oxide (NO) based on naphthalimide and o-phenylenediamine, enabling the sensitive detection of NO in cancer cells and thereby live-monitoring of the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammation reactions. Importantly, we found that the level of released NO can sensitively indicate the early stages of both cellular inflammatory responses and apoptotic processes. This suggested that cellular NO in fact behaves as a new class of signaling molecule for inflammatory responses and apoptosis processes, providing a potent tool for live-monitoring cellular physiological reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Chengbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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2
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Paudel KR, Singh M, De Rubis G, Kumbhar P, Mehndiratta S, Kokkinis S, El-Sherkawi T, Gupta G, Singh SK, Malik MZ, Mohammed Y, Oliver BG, Disouza J, Patravale V, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Computational and biological approaches in repurposing ribavirin for lung cancer treatment: Unveiling antitumorigenic strategies. Life Sci 2024; 352:122859. [PMID: 38925223 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is among leading causes of death worldwide. The five-year survival rate of this disease is extremely low (17.8 %), mainly due to difficult early diagnosis and to the limited efficacy of currently available chemotherapeutics. This underlines the necessity to develop innovative therapies for lung cancer. In this context, drug repurposing represents a viable approach, as it reduces the turnaround time of drug development removing costs associated to safety testing of new molecular entities. Ribavirin, an antiviral molecule used to treat hepatitis C virus infections, is particularly promising as repurposed drug for cancer treatment, having shown therapeutic activity against glioblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the present study, we thoroughly investigated the in vitro anticancer activity of ribavirin against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. From a functional standpoint, ribavirin significantly inhibits cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Mechanistically, ribavirin downregulates the expression of numerous proteins and genes regulating cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer angiogenesis. The anticancer potential of ribavirin was further investigated in silico through gene ontology pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction networks, identifying five putative molecular interactors of ribavirin (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (Erb-B4); KRAS; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1); amphiregulin (AREG); and neuregulin-1 (NRG1)). These interactions were characterized via molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. The results of this study highlight the potential of ribavirin as a repurposed chemotherapy against lung cancer, warranting further studies to ascertain the in vivo anticancer activity of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Popat Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Samir Mehndiratta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sofia Kokkinis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tammam El-Sherkawi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait city 15462, Kuwait
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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3
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Zhu J, Chen H, Gao F, Jian W, Huang G, Sunkang Y, Chen X, Liao M, Zhang K, Qi W, Huang L. Bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids inhibit African swine fever virus internalization and replication by impairing late endosomal/lysosomal function. J Virol 2024; 98:e0032724. [PMID: 39082785 PMCID: PMC11334529 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00327-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly infectious disease afflicting domestic pigs and wild boars. It exhibits an alarming acute infection fatality rate of up to 100%. Regrettably, no commercial vaccines or specific drugs for combating this disease are currently available. This study evaluated the anti-ASFV activities in porcine alveolar macrophages, 3D4/21 cells, and PK-15 cells of four bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BBAs): cepharanthine (CEP), tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and iso-tetrandrine. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CEP, which exhibited the highest selectivity index (SI = 81.31), alkalized late endosomes/lysosomes, hindered ASFV endosomal transport, disrupted virus uncoating signals, and thereby inhibited ASFV internalization. Additionally, CEP disrupted ASFV DNA synthesis, leading to the inhibition of viral replication. Moreover, berbamine was labeled with NBD to synthesize a fluorescent probe to study the cellular location of these BBAs. By co-staining with Lyso-Tracker and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, we demonstrated that BBAs target the endolysosomal compartments for the first time. Our data together indicated that BBAs are a class of natural products with significant inhibitory effects against ASFV infection. These findings suggest their potential efficacy as agents for the prevention and control of ASF, offering valuable references for the identification of potential drug targets.IMPORTANCEThe urgency and severity of African swine fever (ASF) underscore the critical need for effective interventions against this highly infectious disease, which poses a grave threat to domestic pigs and wild boars. Our study reveals the potent anti-African swine fever virus (ASFV) efficacy of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BBAs), particularly evident in the absence of progeny virus production under a 5 µM concentration treatment. The structural similarity among cepharanthine, tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and iso-tetrandrine, coupled with their analogous inhibitory stages and comparable selectivity indexes, strongly suggests a shared antiviral mechanism within this drug category. Further investigation revealed that BBAs localize to lysosomes and inhibit the internalization and replication of ASFV by disrupting the endosomal/lysosomal function. These collective results have profound implications for ASF prevention and control, suggesting the potential of the investigated agents as prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Furthermore, our study offers crucial insights into identifying drug targets and laying the groundwork for innovative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huahan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Sunkang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
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Malik R, Paudel KR, Manandhar B, De Rubis G, Shen J, Mujwar S, Singh TG, Singh SK, Gupta G, Adams J, MacLoughlin R, Oliver BGG, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Agarwood oil nanoemulsion counteracts LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154895. [PMID: 37879146 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathophysiological features of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Agarwood oil obtained from Aquilaria trees has promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its clinical application is hampered by poor solubility. A viable approach to overcome this involves formulation of oily constituents into emulsions. Here, we have investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of an agarwood oil-based nanoemulsion (DE'RAAQSIN) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophages in vitro. METHODS The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of DE'RAAQSIN was assessed by measuring the levels of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) produced, using the DCF-DA assay and the Griess reagent assay, respectively. The molecular pathways activated by DE'RAAQSIN were investigated via qPCR. RESULTS LPS stimulation of RAW264.7 cells increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS and resulted in the overexpression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. Furthermore, LPS induced the upregulation of the expression of key proinflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL1) and of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). DE'RAAQSIN demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing the levels of ROS and of secreted NO, simultaneously counteracting the LPS-induced overexpression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and HO-1. These findings were corroborated by in silico activity prediction and physicochemical analysis of the main agarwood oil components. CONCLUSIONS We propose DE'RAAQSIN as a promising alternative managing inflammatory disorders, opening the platform for further studies aimed at understanding the effectiveness of DE'RAAQSIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniya Malik
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jessie Shen
- De'Aurora Pty Ltd., Dean, VIC 3363, Australia
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- IDA Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Connacht, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | | | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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5
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Chen G, Wen D, Shen L, Feng Y, Xiong Q, Li P, Zhao Z. Cepharanthine Exerts Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Macrophages and DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:6070. [PMID: 37630322 PMCID: PMC10458559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP), a biscoclaurine alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, has been widely used for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases, including leukopenia, and snake bites. Here, our objective was to investigate the anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response effects of CEP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages as well as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Our findings demonstrated that supplementation with CEP effectively mitigates body weight loss and elevation of disease activity index (DAI), reduces the malondialdehyde (MDA) content to 2.45 nM/mL while increasing the reduced glutathione (GSH) content to 35.53 μg/mL, inhibits inflammatory response, and maintains proper intestinal epithelium tight junctions in DSS-induced wild type (WT) mice. However, it failed to provide protective effects in DSS-induced transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) knockout (NRF2-/-) mice. GSH content decreased to 10.85 μg/106 cells following LPS treatment, whereas supplementation with CEP increased the GSH content to 12.26 μg/106 cells. Moreover, CEP effectively attenuated ROS production in LPS-induced macrophages. Additionally, CEP exhibited inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that supplementation with CEP promoted the expression of NRF2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) as well as the phosphorylation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPK-α1)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in macrophages while inhibiting the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway in LPS-induced macrophages. Although CEP did not demonstrate inhibitory effects on oxidative stress or promote the expression of HO-1/NQO-1, it effectively activated the phosphorylation of the AMPK-α1/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway which is an upstream regulator of NRF2 in LPS-induced primary peritoneal macrophages from NRF2-/- mice. In summary, our findings suggest that CEP exerts protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammatory response by activating the AMPK-α1/AKT/GSK-3β/NRF2 signaling pathway while concurrently inhibiting the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. These results not only elucidate the mechanisms underlying CEP's protective effects on colon oxidative stress and inflammation but also provide evidence supporting NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Boen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Da Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Lin Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Yazhi Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Qiuhong Xiong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (D.W.); (L.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.X.); (P.L.)
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6
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Liu K, Hong B, Wang S, Lou F, You Y, Hu R, Shafqat A, Fan H, Tong Y. Pharmacological Activity of Cepharanthine. Molecules 2023; 28:5019. [PMID: 37446681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine, a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloid isolated from the plant Stephania Cephalantha Hayata, is the only bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid approved for human use and has been used in the clinic for more than 70 years. Cepharanthine has a variety of medicinal properties, including signaling pathway inhibitory activities, immunomodulatory activities, and antiviral activities. Recently, cepharanthine has been confirmed to greatly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we aimed to describe the pharmacological properties and mechanisms of cepharanthine, mainly including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogen activities, inhibition of bone resorption, treatment of alopecia, treatment of snake bite, and other activities. At the same time, we analyzed and summarized the potential antiviral mechanism of cepharanthine and concluded that one of the most important anti-viral mechanisms of cepharanthine may be the stability of plasma membrane fluidity. Additionally, we explained its safety and bioavailability, which provides evidence for cepharanthine as a potential drug for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Finally, we further discuss the potential new clinical applications of cepharanthine and provide direction for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bixia Hong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuxing Lou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yecheng You
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruolan Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Amna Shafqat
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Liang D, Wang W, Chen G, Li J, Dou G, Gan H, Han P, Du L, Gu R. Cepharanthine Dry Powder Inhaler for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114441. [PMID: 37298919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a severe cytokine storm that may cause acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) with high clinical morbidity and mortality in infected individuals. Cepharanthine (CEP) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated and extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata. It exhibits various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and antiviral activities. The low oral bioavailability of CEP can be attributed to its poor water solubility. In this study, we utilized the freeze-drying method to prepare dry powder inhalers (DPI) for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) in rats via pulmonary administration. According to the powder properties study, the aerodynamic median diameter (Da) of the DPIs was 3.2 μm, and the in vitro lung deposition rate was 30.26; thus, meeting the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard for pulmonary inhalation administration. We established an ALI rat model by intratracheal injection of hydrochloric acid (1.2 mL/kg, pH = 1.25). At 1 h after the model's establishment, CEP dry powder inhalers (CEP DPIs) (30 mg/kg) were sprayed into the lungs of rats with ALI via the trachea. Compared with the model group, the treatment group exhibited a reduced pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, and significantly reduced content of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and total protein) in their lungs (p < 0.01), indicating that the main mechanism of CEP underlying the treatment of ALI is anti-inflammation. Overall, the dry powder inhaler can deliver the drug directly to the site of the disease, increasing the intrapulmonary utilization of CEP and improving its efficacy, making it a promising inhalable formulation for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wanmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guangrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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8
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Li Z, Zhu H, Liu H, Liu D, Liu J, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Xu Y, Peng Y, Liu B, Long Y. Evolocumab loaded Bio-Liposomes for efficient atherosclerosis therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:158. [PMID: 37208681 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PCSK9, which is closely related to atherosclerosis, is significantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Moreover, Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mediated phenotypic transformation, abnormal proliferation, and migration of VSMCs play key roles in accelerating atherosclerosis. In this study, by utilizing the significant advantages of nano-materials, a biomimetic nanoliposome loading with Evolocumab (Evol), a PCSK9 inhibitor, was designed to alleviate atherosclerosis. In vitro results showed that (Lipo + M)@E NPs up-regulated the levels of α-SMA and Vimentin, while inhibiting the expression of OPN, which finally result in the inhibition of the phenotypic transition, excessive proliferation, and migration of VSMCs. In addition, the long circulation, excellent targeting, and accumulation performance of (Lipo + M)@E NPs significantly decreased the expression of PCSK9 in serum and VSMCs within the plaque of ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Haimei Zhu
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Dayue Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Jiazheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhang Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yijia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Changsha, 410007, China.
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9
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Lamichhane G, Pandey J, Devkota HP. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Ponciri Fructus. Molecules 2022; 28:255. [PMID: 36615447 PMCID: PMC9821892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponciri Fructus is a crude drug obtained from the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L). Raf. (Syn. Citrus trifoliata L.). This study aims to compile and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ponciri Fructus. Various online bibliographic databases namely, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used for collecting information on traditional uses, biological activities, and bioactive constituents. Concerning ethnomedicinal uses, Ponciri Fructus is extensively used in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Kampo medicines to mitigate allergic reactions, inflammation, edema, digestive complications, respiratory problems, spleen-related problems, liver complications, neuronal pain, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular problems, hernia, sinusitis, and insomnia. Several studies have shown that Ponciri Fructus is a major source of diverse classes of bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, and alkaloids. Several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity evaluations such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimelanogenic, gastroprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects have been conducted from Ponciri Fructus. However, scientific investigations focusing on bioassay-guided isolation and identification of specific bioactive constituents are limited. Therefore, an in-depth scientific investigation of Ponciri Fructus focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanism based pharmacological studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and evaluation of possible toxicities is necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal 32900, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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10
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Alnuqaydan AM, Almutary AG, Azam M, Manandhar B, De Rubis G, Madheswaran T, Paudel KR, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Phytantriol-Based Berberine-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Attenuate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4312. [PMID: 36500935 PMCID: PMC9737637 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated processes that represent the underlying causes of several chronic inflammatory diseases that include asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are key initiators of inflammatory processes in the body. When triggered by a stimulus such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), these cells secrete inflammatory cytokines namely TNF-α that orchestrate the cellular inflammatory process. Simultaneously, pro-inflammatory stimuli induce the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which catalyzes the generation of high levels of nitric oxide (NO). This, together with high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by macrophages, mediate oxidative stress which, in turn, exacerbates inflammation in a feedback loop, resulting in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Berberine is a phytochemical embedded with potent in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whose therapeutic application is hindered by poor solubility and bioavailability. For this reason, large doses of berberine need to be administered to achieve the desired pharmacological effect, which may result in toxicity. Encapsulation of such a drug in liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) represents a viable strategy to overcome these limitations. We encapsulated berberine in phytantriol-based LCNs (BP-LCNs) and tested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BP-LCNs in vitro on LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. BP-LCNs showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with significant reduction in the gene expressions of TNF-α and iNOS, followed by concomitant reduction of ROS and NO production at a concentration of 2.5 µM, which is lower than the concentration of free berberine concentration required to achieve similar effects as reported elsewhere. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the suitability for BP-LCNs both as an antioxidant and as an anti-inflammatory agent with potential application in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G. Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Azam
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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11
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Trivedi P, Abbas A, Lehmann C, Rupasinghe HPV. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential Use in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pathologies. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:289-306. [PMID: 36278757 PMCID: PMC9589987 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic and public health emergency as it has taken the lives of over 5.7 million in more than 180 different countries. This disease is characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, such as dry cough and shortness of breath, as well as other symptoms, including fever, chills, and fatigue. COVID-19 is also characterized by the excessive release of cytokines causing inflammatory injury to the lungs and other organs. It is advised to undergo precautionary measures, such as vaccination, social distancing, use of masks, hygiene, and a healthy diet. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and potential biologically active compounds (bioactive) found in plants and plant food. We conclude that many plant food bioactive compounds exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and support in attenuating organ damage due to reduced cytokine release and improving the recovery process from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - Amna Abbas
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165219. [PMID: 36014458 PMCID: PMC9413031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L., Urticaceae) is commonly found in Asia, Africa, and Europe and has a long history of being used as food and traditional medicine. Recently, this plant is gaining attention as a highly nutritious food, where fresh leaves are dried and used as powder or in other forms. Leaves are rich in many bioactive compounds. This review aims to cover the traditional uses in food and medicine, as well as its nutritional composition, including its bioactive chemical constituents and reported food functional activities. Various bioactive chemical constituents have been isolated from stinging nettle to date, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acid, carotenoids, and fatty acids. Stinging nettle extracts and its compounds, such as rutin, kaempferol, and vitamin A, are also used for their nutritional properties and as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Future studies should focus on the proper formulation and stability testing of the functional foods containing stinging nettle and their detailed activities in clinical studies.
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Wang M, Zhang XM, Fu X, Zhang P, Hu WJ, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Alkaloids in genus stephania (Menispermaceae): A comprehensive review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115248. [PMID: 35430287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Approximately 60 species of the genus Stephania (Menispermaceae) are distributed worldwide. Among these, 39 species are located in South and Southwest China; in particular, these plants are rich in alkaloids and were used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against numerous ailments. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The purpose of this study was to provide organized information on the ethnopharmacological uses as well as the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluation of the alkaloids derived from plant species included in the genus Stephania. In addition, we aimed to provide comprehensive basic knowledge on the medicinal properties of these plants and establish meaningful guidelines for further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information related to the Stephania genus was collected from scientific databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, and China Academic Journals (CNKI), within the last 20 years on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plants in genus Stephania. Furthermore, information was obtained from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Flora of China. RESULTS Plant species belonging to the genus Stephania have been mentioned as traditional remedies and various alkaloidal compounds have been identified and isolated, including aporphine, proaporphine, morphinane, hasubanane, protoberberine, benzylisoquinoline, and bisbenzylisoquinoline and among others. The isolated alkaloidal compounds reportedly exhibited promising pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-multidrug resistance, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective activities. CONCLUSIONS The genus Stephania is widely used in TCM. The ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Stephania sp. Described in this review demonstrated that these plants contain numerous alkaloids and active constituents and display myriad pharmacological activities. Typically, research on the plants' pharmacological activity focuses on parts of the plants and the associated compounds. However, many Stephania species have rarely been studied, and the ethnomedicinal potential of those discovered has not been scientifically evaluated and needs to be further elucidated. Furthermore, quality control and toxicology studies are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xian-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276006, China.
| | - Xin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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14
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Yao M, Zhang C, Ni L, Ji X, Hong J, Chen Y, Wang J, Li C, Lin J, Lu T, Sheng Y, Sun M, Shi M, Zhou C, Cai X. Cepharanthine Ameliorates Chondrocytic Inflammation and Osteoarthritis via Regulating the MAPK/NF-κB-Autophagy Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854239. [PMID: 35800437 PMCID: PMC9253373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a worldwide joint disease caused by abnormal chondrocytic metabolism. However, traditional therapeutic methods aimed at anti-inflammation for early-stage disease are palliative. In the present study, we demonstrated that cepharanthine (CEP), extracted from the plant Stephania cepharantha, exerted protective medicinal efficacy on osteoarthritis for the first time. In our in vitro study, CEP suppressed the elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) stimulated by IL-1β or TNF-α by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and upregulated the protein expression of aggrecan, collagen II, and Sox9. Also, CEP could reverse the reduced level of cellular autophagy in IL-1β or TNF-α–induced chondrocytes, indicating that the protective effect of CEP on osteoarthritis was achieved by restoring MAPK/NF-κB-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, in a murine OA model, CEP mitigated cartilage degradation and prevented osteoarthritis in the CEP-treated groups versus the OA group. Hence, our results revealed the therapeutic prospect of CEP for anti-osteoarthritic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingzhi Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yazhou Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congsun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihao Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Cha Ting Orthopedic Trauma Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menghao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xunzi Cai, ; Chenhe Zhou,
| | - Xunzi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xunzi Cai, ; Chenhe Zhou,
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Dong S, Yu R, Wang X, Chen B, Si F, Zhou J, Xie C, Li Z, Zhang D. Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061231. [PMID: 35746702 PMCID: PMC9228057 DOI: 10.3390/v14061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal suckling piglets. Currently, there is no effective medication against this pathogen. Cepharanthine (CEP), tetrandrine (TET), and fangchinoline (FAN) are natural bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral properties. Here, we first found that CEP, TET, and FAN had anti-PEDV activity with IC50 values of 2.53, 3.50, and 6.69 μM, respectively. The compounds could block all the processes of viral cycles, but early application of the compounds before or during virus infection was advantageous over application at a late stage of virus replication. FAN performed inhibitory function more efficiently through interfering with the virus entry and attachment processes or through attenuating the virus directly. CEP had a more notable effect on virus entry. With the highest SI index of 11.8 among the three compounds, CEP was chosen to carry out animal experiments. CEP in a safe dosage of 11.1 mg/kg of body weight could reduce viral load and pathological change of piglet intestinal tracts caused by PEDV field strain challenge, indicating that CEP efficiently inhibited PEDV infection in vivo. All of these results demonstrated that the compounds of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids could inhibit PEDV proliferation efficiently and had the potential of being developed for PED prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Shanghai 201106, China; (S.D.); (R.Y.); (B.C.); (F.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Ruisong Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Shanghai 201106, China; (S.D.); (R.Y.); (B.C.); (F.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Bingqing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Shanghai 201106, China; (S.D.); (R.Y.); (B.C.); (F.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Fusheng Si
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Shanghai 201106, China; (S.D.); (R.Y.); (B.C.); (F.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- Shanghai Jinshan District Animal Center of Disease Control, Shanghai 201540, China;
| | - Chunfang Xie
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Shanghai 201106, China; (S.D.); (R.Y.); (B.C.); (F.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), Shanghai 201106, China; (S.D.); (R.Y.); (B.C.); (F.S.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62206391 (Z.L.); +86-21-64252324 (D.Z.)
| | - Daojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62206391 (Z.L.); +86-21-64252324 (D.Z.)
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16
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Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity and Anti-Migratory Effect of Berberine–Phytantriol Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticle Formulation on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061119. [PMID: 35745691 PMCID: PMC9228615 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid that is commercially available for use as a supplement for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the therapeutic benefits of berberine are limited by its extremely low bioavailability and toxicity at higher doses. Increasing evidence suggests that the incorporation of drug compounds in liquid crystal nanoparticles provides a new platform for the safe, effective, stable, and controlled delivery of the drug molecules. This study aimed to formulate an optimized formulation of berberine–phytantriol-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (BP-LCNs) and to investigate the in vitro anti-cancer activity in a human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. The BP-LCN formulation possessing optimal characteristics that was used in this study had a favorable particle size and entrapment efficiency rate (75.31%) and a superior drug release profile. The potential mechanism of action of the formulation was determined by measuring the mRNA levels of the tumor-associated genes PTEN, P53, and KRT18 and the protein expression levels with a human oncology protein array. BP-LCNs decreased the proliferation, migration, and colony-forming activity of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner by upregulating the mRNA expression of PTEN and P53 and downregulating the mRNA expression of KRT18. Similarly, BP-LCNs also decreased the expression of proteins related to cancer cell proliferation and migration. This study highlights the utility of phytantriol-based LCNs in incorporating drug molecules with low GI absorption and bioavailability to increase their pharmacological effectiveness and potency in NSCLC.
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Attenuation of Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Oxidative Stress, Senescence, and Inflammation by Berberine-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: In Vitro Study in 16HBE and RAW264.7 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050873. [PMID: 35624737 PMCID: PMC9137697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is considered a primary risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Numerous toxicants present in cigarette smoke are known to induce oxidative stress and airway inflammation that further exacerbate disease progression. Generally, the broncho-epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke release massive amounts of oxidative stress and inflammation mediators. Chronic exposure of cigarette smoke leads to premature senescence of airway epithelial cells. This impairs cellular function and ultimately leads to the progression of chronic lung diseases. Therefore, an ideal therapeutic candidate should prevent disease progression by controlling oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence during the initial stage of damage. In our study, we explored if berberine (an alkaloid)-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (berberine-LCNs)-based treatment to human broncho-epithelial cells and macrophage inhibits oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence induced by cigarette-smoke extract. The developed berberine-LCNs were found to have favourable physiochemical parameters, such as high entrapment efficiency and sustained in vitro release. The cellular-assay observations revealed that berberine-LCNs showed potent antioxidant activity by suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species in both broncho-epithelial cells (16HBE) and macrophages (RAW264.7), and modulating the genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Similarly, in 16HBE cells, berberine-LCNs inhibited the cigarette smoke-induced senescence as revealed by X-gal staining, gene expression of CDKN1A (p21), and immunofluorescent staining of p21. Further in-depth mechanistic investigations into antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antisenescence research will diversify the current findings of berberine as a promising therapeutic approach for inflammatory lung diseases caused by cigarette smoking.
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18
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Allam VSRR, Paudel KR, Gupta G, Singh SK, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Gupta S, Chaitanya MVNL, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Patel VK, Liu G, Kamal MA, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Nutraceuticals and mitochondrial oxidative stress: bridging the gap in the management of bronchial asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62733-62754. [PMID: 35796922 PMCID: PMC9477936 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily characterized by inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction. It is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Oxidative stress further complicates the pathology of the disease. The current treatment strategies for asthma mainly involve the use of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. However, long-term usage of such medications is associated with severe adverse effects and complications. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop newer, novel, and safe treatment modalities for the management of asthma. This has therefore prompted further investigations and detailed research to identify and develop novel therapeutic interventions from potent untapped resources. This review focuses on the significance of oxidative stressors that are primarily derived from both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources in initiating the clinical features of asthma. The review also discusses the biological scavenging system of the body and factors that may lead to its malfunction which could result in altered states. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed insight into the therapeutic role of nutraceuticals as an effective strategy to attenuate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and may be used in the mitigation of the cardinal features of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box: 123 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box: 123 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box: 123 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Biswas P, Hasan MM, Dey D, Dos Santos Costa AC, Polash SA, Bibi S, Ferdous N, Kaium MA, Rahman MDH, Jeet FK, Papadakos S, Islam K, Uddin MS. Candidate antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and their environmental implications: a comprehensive analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59570-59593. [PMID: 34510341 PMCID: PMC8435122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging from Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 is the new global threat that killed millions of people, and many are still suffering. This pandemic has not only affected people but also caused economic crisis throughout the world. Researchers have shown good progress in revealing the molecular insights of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and developing vaccines, but effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are yet to be found. Several vaccines are available and used in many countries, while many others are still in clinical or preclinical studies. However, this involves a long-term process, considering the safety procedures and requirements and their long-term protection capacity and in different age groups are still questionable. Therefore, at present, the drug repurposing of the existing therapeutics previously designed against other viral diseases seems to be the only practical approach to mitigate the current situation. The safety of most of these therapeutic agents has already been tested. Recent clinical reports revealed promising therapeutic efficiency of several drugs such as remdesivir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, baricitinib, and cepharanthine. Besides, plasma therapies were used to treat patients and prevent fatal outcomes. Thus, in this article, we have summarized the epidemiological and clinical data from several clinical trials conducted since the beginning of the pandemic, emphasizing the efficiency of the known agents against SARS-CoV-2 and their harmful side effects on the human body as well as their environmental implications. This review shows a clear overview of the current pharmaceutical perspective on COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Nadim Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Kaium
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - M D Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Fardin Kamal Jeet
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Stavros Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Khairul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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20
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Li G, Qiao K, Xu X, Wang C. Cepharanthine Regulates Autophagy via Activating the p38 Signaling Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1523-1529. [PMID: 34477532 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903163407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cepharanthine (CEP) is an alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata. This compound has been reported as a promising anti-tumor drug, although its potential molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we studied the anti-tumor effect of CEP on human lung cancer cells and evaluated its molecular mechanism. METHODS The A549 cells were treated with CEP, the cell viability was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and formation of autophagosome was observed by acridine orange staining under a fluorescence microscope. The cell migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and transwell assay. The protein levels of autophagy-associated molecules, light chain 3 (LC3)、p38、and phospho-p38 in A549 cells, were determined by western blot analysis. RESULT The results showed that CEP inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in A549 cells. Moreover, we found that CEP resulted in significant increases in levels of the autophagy marker protein LC3 in A549 cells. The number of intracellular acid dye follicular bright red fluorescence in A549 cells was significantly increased after CEP treatment. At the molecular levels, CEP markedly increased the phosphorylation of p38 in A549 cells. The knockdown of p38 expression by siRNA-p38 impaired the autophagy-regulating effect of CEP. Our results indicated that CEP-regulated autophagy was an anti-tumor effect and not a protective response to CEP. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrated that CEP regulated autophagy by activating the p38 signaling pathway, which could be provided a potential application for preventing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Emergency Department, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Kesen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Emergency Department, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
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21
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Paudel KR, Wadhwa R, Tew XN, Lau NJX, Madheswaran T, Panneerselvam J, Zeeshan F, Kumar P, Gupta G, Anand K, Singh SK, Jha NK, MacLoughlin R, Hansbro NG, Liu G, Shukla SD, Mehta M, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Rutin loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles inhibit non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and migration in vitro. Life Sci 2021; 276:119436. [PMID: 33789146 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Despite the availability of therapeutic options, the improvement in patient survival is yet to be achieved. Recent advances in natural product (e.g., Rutin) research, therapeutic nanotechnology and especially the combination of both could aid in achieving significant improvements in the treatment or management of NSCLC. In this study, we explore the anti-cancer activity of Rutin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) in an in vitro model where we have employed the A549 human lung epithelial carcinoma cell line. The anti-proliferative activity was determined by MTT and Trypan blue assays, whereas, the anti-migratory activity was evaluated by the scratch wound healing assay and a modified Boyden chamber assay. We also evaluated the anti-apoptotic activity by Annexin V-FITC staining, and the colony formation activity was studied using crystal violet staining. Here, we report that Rutin-LCNs showed promising anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities. Furthermore, Rutin-LCNs also induced apoptosis in the A549 cells and inhibited colony formation. The findings warrant further detailed and in-depth anti-cancer mechanistic studies of Rutin-LCNs with a focus towards a potential therapeutic option for NSCLC. LCNs may help to enhance the solubility of Rutin used in the treatment of lung cancer and hence enhance the anticancer effect of Rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xin Nee Tew
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Natalie Jia Xin Lau
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farrukh Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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22
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Mehta M, Paudel KR, Panth N, Xenaki D, Macloughlin R, Oliver BG, Lobenberg R, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Drug delivery advances in mitigating inflammation via matrix metalloproteinases in respiratory diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:437-439. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nisha Panth
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Ronan Macloughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway H91 HE94, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Raimar Lobenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
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23
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a metabolic burden promoting atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1775-1799. [PMID: 32677680 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the fastest growing chronic liver disease, with a prevalence of up to 25% worldwide. Individuals with NAFLD have a high risk of disease progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver failure. With the exception of intrahepatic burden, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and especially atherosclerosis (AS) are common complications of NAFLD. Furthermore, CVD is a major cause of death in NAFLD patients. Additionally, AS is a metabolic disorder highly associated with NAFLD, and individual NAFLD pathologies can greatly increase the risk of AS. It is increasingly clear that AS-associated endothelial cell damage, inflammatory cell activation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation are extensively impacted by NAFLD-induced systematic dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, the production of hepatokines, and coagulations. In clinical trials, drug candidates for NAFLD management have displayed promising effects for the treatment of AS. In this review, we summarize the key molecular events and cellular factors contributing to the metabolic burden induced by NAFLD on AS, and discuss therapeutic strategies for the improvement of AS in individuals with NAFLD.
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24
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Khatak S, Mehta M, Awasthi R, Paudel KR, Singh SK, Gulati M, Hansbro NG, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Dureja H. Solid lipid nanoparticles containing anti-tubercular drugs attenuate the Mycobacterium marinum infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 125:102008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Wadhwa R, Paudel KR, Chin LH, Hon CM, Madheswaran T, Gupta G, Panneerselvam J, Lakshmi T, Singh SK, Gulati M, Dureja H, Hsu A, Mehta M, Anand K, Devkota HP, Chellian J, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Naringenin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles in vitro. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13572. [PMID: 33249629 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we had developed Naringenin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) and investigated the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Naringenin-LCNs against human airway epithelium-derived basal cells (BCi-NS1.1) and human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cell lines, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential of Naringenin-LCNs evaluated by qPCR revealed a decreased expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-induced BCi-NS1.1 cells. The activity of LCNs was comparable to the positive control drug Fluticasone propionate (10 nM). The anticancer activity was studied by evaluating the antiproliferative (MTT and trypan blue assays), antimigratory (scratch wound healing assay, modified Boyden chamber assay, and immunoblot), and anticolony formation activity in A549 cells. Naringenin LCNs showed promising antiproliferative, antimigratory, and anticolony formation activities in A549 cells, in vitro. Therefore, based on our observations and results, we conclude that Naringenin-LCNs may be employed as a potential therapy-based intervention to ameliorate airway inflammation and to inhibit the progression of lung cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Naringenin was encapsulated into liquid crystalline nanoparticles, thus, attributing to their sustained-release nature. In addition, Naringenin-loaded LCNs efficiently reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory markers, namely, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. In addition, the Naringenin-loaded LCNs also possess potent anticancer activity, when tested in the A549 cell line, as revealed by the inhibition of proliferation and migration of cells. They also attenuated colony formation and induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. The findings from our study could form the basis for future research that may be translated into an in vivo model to validate the possible therapeutic alternative for lung cancer using Naringenin-loaded LCNs. In addition, the applications of Naringenin-loaded LCNs as an intervention would be of great interest to biological, formulation and respiratory scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Hian Chin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chian Ming Hon
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Alan Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Faraji N, Ganji A, Heshami N, Salehi I, Haddadian A, Shojaie S, Komaki A. Hypolipidemic effects of Hypericum Scabrum extract on the serum lipid profile and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats. Hum Antibodies 2020; 29:55-61. [PMID: 33136094 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diets included high-fat (HFD) and high calories intake is correlated with greater risk of obesity and oxidative stress, which lead to increase the risk of related diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disease. In the present study, we have examined the hypolipidemic activity of Hypericum Scabrum extract on HFD fed rats. Fifty-four male Wistar rats divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg gavage per day), 3) H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg), 4) HFD, 5) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (100 mg/kg), 6) HFD and H. Scabrum extract (300 mg/kg). The groups were fed their diet and treatment for 3 months. Biochemical analysis showed elevated lipid serum profile in HFD rats compared to control group. H. Scabrum extract supplementation significantly ameliorated triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. H. Scabrum extract supplementation leading to increase HDL-cholesterol in HFD treated groups. This experiment showed that H. Scabrum extract decreased HFD complications and might be beneficial herbal drug for treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Faraji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ganji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Heshami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Haddadian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shiva Shojaie
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Paudel KR, Wadhwa R, Mehta M, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Rutin loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Microparticles-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and its Amelioration by Antioxidant Activity of Baicalin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090890. [PMID: 32962240 PMCID: PMC7555600 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles (0.1–1.0 μm in size), released in response to cell activation or apoptosis. Endothelial microparticles (EC-MP), vascular smooth muscle cell microparticles (VSMC-MP), and macrophage microparticles (MØ-MP) are key hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. In our current study, we investigated the potent antioxidant activity of baicalin to ameliorate MP-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, as well as the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophage (RAW264.7). In our study, baicalin suppressed the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NO production, foam cell formation, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in MØ-MP-induced RAW264.7. In addition, VSMC migration induced by VSMC-MP was dose-dependently inhibited by baicalin. Likewise, baicalin inhibits metalloproteinase-9 expression and suppresses VSMC-MP-induced VSMC proliferation by down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expressions. Baicalin also inhibited ROS production and apoptosis in VSMC. In EC, the marker of endothelial dysfunction (endothelial senescence, upregulation of ICAM, and ROS production) induced by EC-MP was halted by baicalin. Our results suggested that baicalin exerts potent biological activity to restore the function of EC and VSMC altered by their corresponding microparticles and inhibits the release of inflammation markers from activated macrophages.
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Cepharanthine: a review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1509-1516. [PMID: 32700247 PMCID: PMC7375448 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP) is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha Hayata and demonstrated to have unique anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulating, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. Its therapeutic potential as an antiviral agent has never been more important than in combating COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Cepharanthine suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokine production, and expression of cyclooxygenase; all of which are crucial to viral replication and inflammatory response. Against SARS-CoV-2 and homologous viruses, CEP predominantly inhibits viral entry and replication at low doses; and was recently identified as the most potent coronavirus inhibitor among 2406 clinically approved drug repurposing candidates in a preclinical model. This review critically analyzes and consolidates available evidence establishing CEP’s potential therapeutic importance as a drug of choice in managing COVID-19 cases.
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Phupong C, Suenaga M, Bhoopong P, Chunglok W, Jaritngam G, Karak M, Yoshida K, Phupong W, Torikai K. Precise 1H- and 13C-NMR reassignment of dehydrocrebanine by 10-mg INADEQUATE and in silico analysis: With an alert for its toxicity. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Imperatorin alleviates the abnormal proliferation, migration, and foaming of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs through regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Hu B, Xu L, Li Y, Bai X, Xing M, Cao Q, Liang H, Song S, Ji A. A peptide inhibitor of macrophage migration in atherosclerosis purified from the leech Whitmania pigra. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112723. [PMID: 32119950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis has become a worldwide public health problem that seriously threatens human health. Leech is traditional Chinese medicine that can be utilized to treat cardiovascular disease. Based on the anti-atherosclerosis activity of leech hydrolysate, we separated and purified the leech peptide capable of inhibiting macrophage migration and studied the pathways of the anti-migration leech peptide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leech peptide capable of inhibiting macrophage migration that measured by cell migration assays from the leech Whitmania pigra was separated and purified by Q Sepharose FF strong alkaline anion exchange column chromatography, Superdex 30, Superdex peptide and G10 gel column chromatography. And the purity, molecular weight of the leech peptide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The pathways of anti-migration to macrophages of the leech peptide were studied by inhibitors, Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS We obtained a purified leech peptide with a sequence of EAGSAKELEGDPVAG from the leech Whitmania pigra. We also showed that the anti-migration to macrophages of the leech peptide was blocked by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor. Moreover, the result of RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that the leech peptide induced an increase in JNK, p38 phosphorylation and the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MEKK4) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 2 (ASK2). These data indicated that the anti-migration to macrophages of the leech peptide occurred through JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. In addition, the results demonstrated that the leech peptide had no significant effect on the immunological activity of macrophages including phagocytic ability, lysozyme activity, and levels of expression of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION A sequence peptide was obtained from the hydrolysate of leech Whitmania pigra that inhibits macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Lixu Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xu Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China; Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Shandong University Weihai, 264209, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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Zhao J, Piao X, Wu Y, Liang S, Han F, Liang Q, Shao S, Zhao D. Cepharanthine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via inhibiting 12/15-LOX signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110151. [PMID: 32559840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP) is a potential candidate for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. To investigate the effect of CEP on cerebral I/R injury, we established a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and a microglia cell model of oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Administration of CEP attenuated neurological deficits, reduced infarct volume and edema, and decreased microglia activation in MCAO mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed an up-regulation in NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) immunoreactivity in Iba1-labled microglia together with total Iba1 and NLRP3 expression in the brain following tMCAO, while down-regulated by CEP treatment. In both tMCAO-induced mice and OGD/R-treated BV-2 cells, CEP exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on the expression of NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1. Importantly, CEP attenuated tMCAO or OGD/R-induced overproduction of M1 microglia-regulated pro-inflammation cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, suggesting that CEP might involve in suppressing microglia polarization to M1 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, CEP dose-dependently inhibited tMCAO-induced arachidonate 15 lipoxygenase (ALOX15) together with Iba1-labled microglia. The subsequent ALOX15-mediated oxidative stress was decreased by CEP treatment in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by reduced ROS generation and MDA level, and increased SOD activity. Taken together, we demonstrate that CEP attenuates cerebral I/R injury probably by inhibiting microglia activation and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation and reducing oxidative stress via suppressing 12/15-LOX signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Piao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China.
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Kim TM, Paudel KR, Kim DW. Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract attenuates airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced mice model of asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112082. [PMID: 31310829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica leaves has a very long history of medicinal use as an anti-inflammatory and antitussive agent for bronchial inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of Eriobotrya japonica (EJ) leaf water extract in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model and human tracheal smooth muscle cell (HTSMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were sensitized by intra peritoneal OVA and challenged with nebulized OVA. EJ extract was administered orally at various dose. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was quantified for nitric oxide (NO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 level and immunoglobulin (Ig) E was quantified in serum. Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for assessment of inflammatory cell infiltration whereas mucus production and goblet cell hyperplasia were studied by periodic acid schiff staining. Western blot was done for analysis of pERK1/2 expression and NFκB translocation in HTSMC whereas iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cell. RESULTS EJ significantly reduced the levels of BALF's NO, EPO, MMPs, IL-4, IL-13, and serum IgE. It also decreases inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production. EJ also attenuated the proliferation of HTSMC, inhibits overexpression of ERK 1/2 and translocation of NFκB in HTSMC as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cell. CONCLUSION Present study suggest that, EJ effectively protects against allergic airway inflammation thus possessing potential therapeutic option for allergic asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Muk Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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Wang N, Yuan Y, Sun S, Liu G. microRNA-204-5p Participates in Atherosclerosis Via Targeting MMP-9. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:231-239. [PMID: 32266319 PMCID: PMC7126203 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA-204-5p (miR-204-5p) in atherosclerosis (AS)-related abnormal human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) function. Firstly, we analyzed the expression of miR-204-5p and found that the miR-204-5p expression level was clearly downregulated in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and blood samples compared to the normal controls. Then, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was predicted to be the potential target of miR-204-5p by TargetScan and this prediction was confirmed by luciferase assays. Besides, we observed that miR-204-5p could negatively regulate the expression of MMP-9 in hVSMCs. Subsequently, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of hVSMCs. Down-expression of miR-204-5p led to the promotion of proliferation and migration accompanied with the suppression of apoptosis in hVSMCs, and these effects were reversed by MMP-9-siRNA. In addition, overexpressed miR-204-5p could inhibit hVSMC proliferation and migration and promote the apoptosis of hVSMCs. However, the effects were also abrogated by overexpressed MMP-9. Together, our findings showed that miR-204-5p plays an important role in the growth and migration of hVSMCs by targeting MMP-9, which might be a novel biomarker and promising therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital Southern District, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Yuliang Yuan
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital Southern District, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Shipeng Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 5 North Line Pavilion, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, No. 5 North Line Pavilion, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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Wang Y, Dubland JA, Allahverdian S, Asonye E, Sahin B, Jaw JE, Sin DD, Seidman MA, Leeper NJ, Francis GA. Smooth Muscle Cells Contribute the Majority of Foam Cells in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-Deficient Mouse Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:876-887. [PMID: 30786740 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the most abundant cells in human atherosclerotic lesions and are suggested to contribute at least 50% of atheroma foam cells. In mice, SMCs contribute fewer total lesional cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of SMCs to total foam cells in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, and the utility of these mice to model human SMC foam cell biology and interventions. Approach and Results- Using flow cytometry, foam cells in the aortic arch of ApoE-/- mice were characterized based on the expression of leukocyte-specific markers. Nonleukocyte foam cells increased from 37% of total foam cells in 27-week-old to 75% in 57-week-old male ApoE-/- mice fed a chow diet and were ≈70% in male and female ApoE-/- mice following 6 weeks of Western diet feeding. A similar contribution to total foam cells by SMCs was found using SMC-lineage tracing ApoE-/- mice fed the Western diet for 6 or 12 weeks. Nonleukocyte foam cells contributed a similar percentage of total atheroma cholesterol and exhibited lower expression of the cholesterol exporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) when compared with leukocyte-derived foam cells. Conclusions- Consistent with previous studies of human atheromas, we present evidence that SMCs contribute the majority of atheroma foam cells in ApoE-/- mice fed a Western diet and a chow diet for longer periods. Reduced expression of ABCA1, also seen in human intimal SMCs, suggests a common mechanism for formation of SMC foam cells across species, and represents a novel target to enhance atherosclerosis regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (Y.W., N.J.L.)
| | - Joshua A Dubland
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sima Allahverdian
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Enyinnaya Asonye
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Basak Sahin
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jen Erh Jaw
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael A Seidman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.A.S.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (Y.W., N.J.L.)
| | - Gordon A Francis
- From the Departments of Medicine (Y.W., J.A.D., S.A., E.A., B.S., J.E.J., D.D.S., G.A.F.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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7- O-methylpunctatin, a Novel Homoisoflavonoid, Inhibits Phenotypic Switch of Human Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110716. [PMID: 31717401 PMCID: PMC6920859 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of arterioles is a pivotal event in the manifestation of many inflammation-based cardio-vasculopathologies, such as hypertension. During these remodeling events, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. The latter is characterized by increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Compounds with anti-inflammatory actions have been successful in attenuating this phenotypic switch. While the vast majority of studies investigating phenotypic modulation were undertaken in VSMCs isolated from large vessels, little is known about the effect of such compounds on phenotypic switch in VSMCs of microvessels (microVSMCs). We have recently characterized a novel homoisoflavonoid that we called 7-O-methylpunctatin (MP). In this study, we show that MP decreased FBS-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. MP also attenuated adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to microVSMCs, abolished FBS-induced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and NF-κB, as well as reduced activation of ERK1/2 and FAK. Furthermore, MP-treated VSMCs showed an increase in early (myocardin, SM-22α, SM-α) and mid-term (calponin and caldesmon) differentiation markers and a decrease in osteopontin, a protein highly expressed in synthetic VSMCs. MP also reduced transcription of cyclin D1, CDK4 but increased protein levels of p21 and p27. Taken together, these results corroborate an anti-inflammatory action of MP on human microVSMCs. Therefore, by inhibiting the synthetic phenotype of microVSMCs, MP may be a promising modulator for inflammation-induced arteriolar pathophysiology.
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Wang X, Li D, Chen H, Wei X, Xu X. Expression of Long Noncoding RNA LIPCAR Promotes Cell Proliferation, Cell Migration, and Change in Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7645-7651. [PMID: 31603865 PMCID: PMC6800467 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA LIPCAR is a type of transcription product (>200 nucleotides long). Recent studies demonstrated that LIPCAR is a potential biomarker in cardiovascular disease and can predict survival in patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the present study explored the role of LIPCAR in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and change in phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Material/Methods Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with 20 g/mL oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or 20 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) for 24 h, then the expression levels of LIPCAR were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. LIPCAR-overexpressing plasmids were transfected into VSMCs. After transfection, cell proliferation and migration were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays, respectively. The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) a molecular marker of the contractile VSMC phenotype, were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were assessed by Western blot. The level of tissue factor (TF) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Treatment with PDGF-BB or ox-LDL significantly increased levels of LIPCAR in VSMCs. Overexpression of LIPCAR markedly promoted cell proliferation and migration. Further, upregulation of LIPCAR increased CDK2, p21, PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, VEGF-A, Ang-2, and TF expression and decreased p21 expression. In addition, LIPCAR significantly decreased α-SAM expression. Conclusions Together, our data suggest that overexpression of LIPCAR promotes cell proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Dongbin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaogang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Liao L, Lin Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Ni J, Yu S, Zhong Y. Cepharanthine ameliorates titanium particle-induced osteolysis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and modulating OPG/RANKL ratio in a murine model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:407-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Li W, Zhao J, Yao Q, Li W, Zhi W, Zang L, Liu F, Niu X. Polysaccharides from Poria cocos (PCP) inhibits ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Bailly C. Cepharanthine: An update of its mode of action, pharmacological properties and medical applications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152956. [PMID: 31132753 PMCID: PMC7126782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cepharanthine (CEP) is a drug used in Japan since the 1950s to treat a number of acute and chronic diseases, including treatment of leukopenia, snake bites, xerostomia and alopecia. It is the only approved drug for Human use in the large class of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This natural product, mainly isolated from the plant Stephania cephalantha Hayata, exhibits multiple pharmacological properties including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-parasitic properties. PURPOSE The mechanism of action of CEP is multifactorial. The drug exerts membrane effects (modulation of efflux pumps, membrane rigidification) as well as different intracellular and nuclear effects. CEP interferes with several metabolic axes, primarily with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NFκB signaling pathways. In particular, the anti-inflammatory effects of CEP rely on AMPK activation and NFκB inhibition. CONCLUSION In this review, the historical discovery and development of CEP are retraced, and the key mediators involved in its mode of action are presented. The past, present, and future of CEP are recapitulated. This review also suggests new opportunities to extend the clinical applications of this well-tolerated old Japanese drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM, University of Lille, CHU Lille, 59045, Lille, France; OncoWitan, Lille, Wasquehal, France.
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Meng XL, Chen ML, Chen CL, Gao CC, Li C, Wang D, Liu HS, Xu CB. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seed embryo inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation via suppression of Ca2+-CaM/CaMKII pathway. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1638889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Natural Product Pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Man-Ling Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Natural Product Pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Natural Product Pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Liu
- Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Zhou P, Li Z, Xu D, Wang Y, Bai Q, Feng Y, Su G, Chen P, Wang Y, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang R, Wang Y. Cepharanthine Hydrochloride Improves Cisplatin Chemotherapy and Enhances Immunity by Regulating Intestinal Microbes in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:225. [PMID: 31293986 PMCID: PMC6606789 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the major treatment strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Unfortunately, most chemotherapeutic drugs have significant impacts on the intestinal microbes, resulting in side effects and reduced efficiency. Therefore, new strategies capable of overcoming these disadvantages of current chemotherapies are in urgent need. The natural product, Cepharanthine hydrochloride (CEH), is known for its anticancer and immunoregulatory properties. By sequencing the V4 region of 16S rDNA, we characterized the microbes of tumor-bearing mice treated with different chemotherapy strategies, including with CEH. We found that CEH improved the therapeutic effect of CDDP by manipulating the gut microbiota. Through metagenomic analyses of the microbes community, we identified a severe compositional and functional imbalance in the gut microbes community after CDDP treatment. However, CEH improved the effect of chemotherapy and ameliorated CDDP treatment-induced imbalance in the intestinal microbes. Mechanically, CEH activated TLR4 and MYD88 innate immune signaling, which is advantageous for the activation of the host's innate immunity to exert a balanced intestinal environment as well as to trigger a better chemotherapeutic response to esophageal cancer. In addition, TNFR death receptors were activated to induce apoptosis. In summary, our findings suggest that chemotherapy of CDDP combined with CEH increased the effect of chemotherapy and reduced the side effects on the microbes and intestinal mucosal immunity. We believe that these findings provide a theoretical basis for new clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guifeng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Weber C, Opatz T. Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2019; 81:1-114. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vascular Protection by Ethanol Extract of Morus alba Root Bark: Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Rat Aorta and Decrease of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7905763. [PMID: 30515235 PMCID: PMC6236707 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7905763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Morus alba (white mulberry) is native to the northern part of Korea and popularly used as a traditional medicine due to its numerous health benefits against human's disease. However, the possibility that M. alba may also affect the cardiovascular system remains unexplored. This study sought to investigate the vascular protective effects of the root bark extract of M. alba (MAE). Vascular reactivity was performed in organ baths using isolated rat thoracic aorta, while platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and wound healing assay, respectively. MAE evoked a concentration dependent vasorelaxation following endothelium-dependent pathway. However, vessel relaxations in response to MAE were markedly reduced after endothelium removal; treatment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, and nonspecific potassium channel inhibitor, however, was not altered by cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Furthermore, MAE also significantly blunted contractile response to vasoconstrictor agent, phenylephrine. Taken together, the current evidence revealed that MAE is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and this effect was involved in, at least in part, nitric oxide cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway in combination with potassium (K+) channel activation. Moreover, MAE inhibited proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by PDGF. Therefore, MAE could be a promising candidate of natural medicine for preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases linked with endothelial dysfunction.
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Panth N, Paudel KR, Karki R. Phytochemical profile and biological activity of Juglans regia. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 14:359-73. [PMID: 27641607 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia Linn. (Juglandaceae), popularly known as English or Persian walnut, is a valuable medicinal plant with a potency to cure various diseases in traditional medicine. Since ancient time, different local ethnic groups have used various part of J. regia for a wide array of ailments including helminthiasis, diarrhea, sinusitis, stomach ache, arthritis, asthma, eczema, scrofula, skin disorders, diabetes mellitus, anorexia, thyroid dysfunction, cancer and infectious diseases. Biological activities of J. regia have been reported in several peer review journals and scientific attention is increasing. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information on plant description, ethnobotanical use, toxicity, phytochemical profile, pharmacology, clinical studies and current research prospective of the J. regia. Currently, there is an immense interest on isolation/identification of active constituents from walnut and screening those active compounds for pharmacological activities. In addition, researchers are performing clinical trials as well as screening various solvent extracts or fractions of J. regia in several animal diseases models to identify promising therapeutic benefits. In the present work, we review the latest information based on published scientific investigations of J. regia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, South Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 534-729, South Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 534-729, South Korea
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48
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Li W, Zhi W, Zhao J, Yao Q, Liu F, Niu X. Cinnamaldehyde protects VSMCs against ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration through S arrest and inhibition of p38, JNK/MAPKs and NF-κB. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:57-66. [PMID: 29777873 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (Cin), as a traditional flavor constituent isolated from the bark of Cinnamonum cassia Presl, has been commonly used for - digestive, cardiovascular and immune system diseases. The pathology of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis. In our study, we found that cinnamaldehyde significantly suppressed ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration and inflammatory cytokine overproduction, as well as foam cell formation in VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, cinnamaldehyde inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and p65 NF-κB and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity. In addition, cinnamaldehyde reduced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde arrested cell cycle in S phase. Thus, results indicated that cinnamaldehyde antagonized the ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration, inflammation and foam cell formation through regulation of HO-1, MMP-2, LOX-1 and blockage of cell cycle, and - suppression of p38, JNK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Acrolein/analogs & derivatives
- Acrolein/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Foam Cells/drug effects
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/metabolism
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/toxicity
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jinmeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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Manandhar B, Paudel KR, Sharma B, Karki R. Phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of Aegle marmelos Linn. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Zhou CH, Meng JH, Yang YT, Hu B, Hong JQ, Lv ZT, Chen K, Heng BC, Jiang GY, Zhu J, Cheng ZH, Zhang W, Cao L, Wang W, Shen WL, Yan SG, Wu HB. Cepharanthine Prevents Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss by Inhibiting Bone Resorption. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:210. [PMID: 29636680 PMCID: PMC5880888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common health problem worldwide caused by an imbalance of bone formation vs. bone resorption. However, current therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing bone formation or suppressing bone resorption still have some limitations. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that cepharanthine (CEP, derived from Stephania cepharantha Hayata) exerted a protective effect on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. This protective effect was confirmed to be achieved through inhibition of bone resorption in vivo, rather than through enhancement of bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, the in vitro study revealed that CEP attenuated receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation, and suppressed bone resorption by impairing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathways. The inhibitory effect of CEP could be partly reversed by treatment with anisomycin (a JNK and p38 agonist) and/or SC79 (an AKT agonist) in vitro. Our results thus indicated that CEP could prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Hence, CEP might be a novel therapeutic agent for anti-osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-He Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hong Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Te Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guang-Yao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Liang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Gui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Bo Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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