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Gao Y, Ryan CA, Ellingson K, Krutz N, Kern PS. A botanical reference set illustrating a weight of evidence approach for skin sensitization risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114413. [PMID: 38128687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in the use of botanicals and natural substances (BNS) in consumer products such as cosmetics and household care products. Most work conducted to date to assess botanicals for human safety has focused their use as dietary supplements and thus on systemic toxicity. However, the induction of skin sensitization is a possible adverse effect of natural products in particular those that come into skin contact, especially for cosmetics that remain on the skin and are not rinsed off following use. Assessments of BNS ingredients are often challenging for a number of reasons: the BNS are complex mixtures that can be of mostly unknown composition; the composition can be highly variable even within the same plant species and dependent on how processed; the physical form of the BNS raw material can vary from a highly concentrated powdered extract to a liquid extract containing only a small percentage of the BNS; testing of the BNS raw materials in New Approach Methods (NAM) has uncertainty as these methods are often not developed or validated for complex mixtures. In this study, a reference set of 14 selected BNS which span the range of skin sensitization potential was complied. These data were used in a Weight of Evidence (WoE) approach to evaluate their skin sensitization potential with each of the data rich BNS being classified as either having strong evidence of inducing skin sensitization based on human topical use history, animal data, clinical data, composition data and NAM data, or having some but more limited (weak) evidence of inducing skin sensitization, or having strong evidence of no skin sensitization potential. When available data have sufficient potency related information, sensitization potency assessment is also provided based on WoE, classifying these BNS as either strong, moderate, or weak sensitizers, or non-sensitizers. An outline for a BNS skin sensitization risk assessment framework is proposed starting with exposure-based waiving and WoE assessment for higher exposures. In addition to demonstrating the application of the WoE approach, the reference set presented here provides a set of 'data rich' botanicals which cover a range of sensitization potencies that could be used for evaluating existing test methods or aid in the development of new predictive models for skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Procter & Gamble Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | | | - Kim Ellingson
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Nora Krutz
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Petra S Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
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2
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Kern PS, Ellingson K, Gao Y, Krutz NL, Krivos K, Quijano M, Xu Y, Ryan CA. Development of a peptide reactivity assay for screening botanicals and natural substances: Proof of concept studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105591. [PMID: 37011770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumer products containing botanicals or natural substances (BNS) are often preferred because there is a perception that 'natural' is safe. As with any product ingredient, a thorough safety assessment must be conducted, including a determination of skin sensitization potential. A modification of the Peroxidase Peptide Reactivity Assay (PPRA) was explored for screening BNS (B-PPRA) for their reactivity to a model cysteine peptide. The PPRA incorporates a horseradish peroxidase‑hydrogen peroxide (+HRP/P) oxidation system for the activation of potential pre- and pro-haptens. BNS test materials contained <2% botanical constituent in either glycerin/water or propylene glycol/water. Stock solutions prepared in acetonitrile were diluted to 8 working concentrations. Direct reactivity was determined in reaction mixtures containing peptide and deferoxamine in potassium phosphate buffer. Enzyme-mediated reactivity determinations were performed with addition of +HRP/P. Initial studies demonstrated that results were reproducible and impact of carrier low. To determine the sensitivity of the assay, experiments were conducted with chamomile extract spiked with three sensitizers. Peptide depletion was observed in the +HRP/P reaction mixtures with isoeugenol spikes as low as 0.05%. The B-PPRA shows promise as a screening method for skin sensitization potential and could become part of a framework for the skin sensitization safety assessment of BNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra S Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
| | | | - Yuan Gao
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Beijing, China
| | - Nora L Krutz
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Kady Krivos
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | | | - Yan Xu
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Cindy A Ryan
- ToxTech Solutions, LLC, Milan, IN, United States
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3
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Bharadvaja N, Gautam S, Singh H. Natural polyphenols: a promising bioactive compounds for skin care and cosmetics. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1817-1828. [PMID: 36494596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and morphological aspects of skin suffer from frequent change. Numerous internal and external factors have direct impact on inducing various skin problems like inflammation, aging, cancer, oxidative stress, hyperpigmentation etc. The use of plant polyphenols as a photo-ecting agent is gaining popularity nowadays. Polyphenols are known to enhance endogenic antioxidant system of skin thereby preventing various skin diseases. The biological activity of plant polyphenols is dependent on their physicochemical properties for overcoming the epidermal barriers to reach the specific receptor. Several evidences have reported the vital role polyphenols in mitigating adverse skin problems and reverting back the healthy skin condition. The interest in plant derived skin care products is emerging due to the changing notion of people to shift their focus towards use of plant-based products. The present review draws an attention to uncover the protective role of polyphenols in prevention of various skin problems. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been summarized that claims the efficacious nature of plant extract having dermatological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - Shruti Gautam
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Harshita Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
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Pizano-Andrade JC, Vargas-Guerrero B, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Vargas-Radillo JJ, Ruiz-López MA. Natural products and their mechanisms in potential photoprotection of the skin. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Costa EF, Magalhães WV, Di Stasi LC. Recent Advances in Herbal-Derived Products with Skin Anti-Aging Properties and Cosmetic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:7518. [PMID: 36364354 PMCID: PMC9658815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aesthetic benefits are a desirable effect of the treatment of skin aging, it is also important in controlling several skin diseases, mainly in aged people. The development of new dermocosmetics has rapidly increased due to consumers' demand for non-invasive products with lower adverse effects than those currently available on the market. Natural compounds of plant origin and herbal-derived formulations have been popularized due to their various safe active products, which act through different mechanisms of action on several signaling pathways for skin aging. Based on this, the aim of the review was to identify the recent advances in herbal-derived product research, including herbal formulations and isolated compounds with skin anti-aging properties. The studies evaluated the biological effects of herbal-derived products in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, highlighting the effects that were reported in clinical trials with available pharmacodynamics data that support their protective effects to treat, prevent, or control human skin aging. Thus, it was possible to identify that gallic and ferulic acids and herbal formulations containing Thymus vulgaris, Panax ginseng, Triticum aestivum, or Andrographis paniculata are the most promising natural products for the development of new dermocosmetics with skin anti-aging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika F. Costa
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner V. Magalhães
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., Sorocaba 18087-101, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Patchouli Essential Oil Loaded Starch-Based Hydrogel. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090536. [PMID: 36135248 PMCID: PMC9498342 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch hydrogels are highly available, biocompatible and biodegradable materials that have promising applications in medical and pharmaceutical industries. However, their applications are very limited due to their poor mechanical properties and fragility. Here, we investigated, for the first time, conventional corn and waxy corn starch-based hydrogels for loading patchouli essential oil. The essential oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide with a yield reached 8.37 ± 1.2 wt.% (wet sample) at 80 °C temperature and 10 MPa pressure. Patchouli essential oil exhibited a 23 to 28 mm zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Waxy starch hydrogels had better properties in term of viscosity, water evaporation stability and the delivery of essential oil than conventional starch hydrogels. The viscosity and spreadability of a 6% waxy starch sample were 15,016 ± 59 cP and 4.02 ± 0.34 g·cm/s, respectively, compared with those of conventional starch hydrogel (13,008 ± 29 cP and 4.59 ± 0.88 g·cm/s). Waxy starch-based hydrogels also provided slower in vitro biodegradation behavior and sustained release of essential oil compared with conventional starch hydrogels. All the samples were biocompatible and non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells; the addition of patchouli essential oil enhances the proliferation of the cells. The enhanced viscosity, good antibacterial and improved biocompatibility results of prepared hydrogels confirm their suitability for wound healing applications.
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Jakimiuk K, Gesek J, Atanasov AG, Tomczyk M. Flavonoids as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1016-1028. [PMID: 33980119 PMCID: PMC8128182 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1927006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases produced by human neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Human neutrophil elastase is known to play multiple roles in the human body, but an increase in its activity may cause a variety of diseases. Elastase inhibitors may prevent the development of psoriasis, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders (including COVID-19), immune disorders, and even cancers. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in herbal plants, have been revealed to influence elastase release and its action on human cells. This review focuses on elastase inhibitors that have been discovered from natural sources and are biochemically characterised as flavonoids. The inhibitory activity on elastase is a characteristic of flavonoid aglycones and their glycoside and methylated, acetylated and hydroxylated derivatives. The presented analysis of structure-activity relationship (SAR) enables the determination of the chemical groups responsible for evoking an inhibitory effect on elastase. Further study especially of the in vivo efficacy and safety of the described natural compounds is of interest in order to gain better understanding of their health-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Gesek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Student’s Scientific Association, Białystok, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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9
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Insights into health-promoting effects of Jew's ear (Auricularia auricula-judae). Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Gaspar H, Pinteus S, Mouga T, Goettert MI, Petrovski Ž, Branco LB, Pedrosa R. Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:135. [PMID: 33671016 PMCID: PMC7997182 DOI: 10.3390/md19030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1-F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Susano
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Teresa Mouga
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Márcia Ines Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil;
| | - Željko Petrovski
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Luís B. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
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Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/md19030135
expr 985274223 + 856008892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1–F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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12
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Valadares MC, de Oliveira GAR, de Ávila RI, da Silva ACG. Strategy Combining Nonanimal Methods for Ocular Toxicity Evaluation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2240:175-195. [PMID: 33423234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the ocular toxicity of manufactured consumer materials has been evaluated using the rabbit in vivo Draize rabbit eye test. The animal data obtained were used by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS) to define the classification and labelling (C&L) for eye damage/irritation endpoint. However, the Draize test, a method which was never formally validated, has been widely criticized because of its technical limitations. In addition, ethical and economic issues and advances in scientific knowledge, and political and public pressures have made animal experimentation unsustainable. This scenario has consequently led to the development of nonanimal testing and protocols/approaches with considerable predictive value and relevance for humans. It is widely accepted that one single nonanimal method cannot cover all the criteria of damage/inflammation assessed by regulatory adopted in vivo animal testing. Thus, integrated testing strategies (ITS) have been proposed, including a tiered testing approach combining different nonanimal testing with different endpoints, which have been used for regulatory purposes, on a case-by-case basis and within integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), to identify materials according to their ability to trigger eye damage. In particular, the top-down and bottom-up approaches have been recommended for the C&L of materials, which cause serious eye damage or eye irritation, respectively. This chapter describes detailed protocols for eye irritation testing based on cells (Short Time Exposure-STE, OECD No. 491/2017), a vascularized membrane (the Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane-HET-CAM) and corneal tissue (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability-BCOP, OECD No. 437/2017), which can be applied using top-down or bottom-up approaches. In addition, it suggests making a corneal histomorphometric evaluation as an additional parameter in the BCOP method to differentiate materials that cause serious eye tissue damage (UN GHS Cat. 1) from materials that have reversible eye irritation effects (UN GHS Cat. 2).
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Bezerra SF, Dos Santos Rodrigues B, da Silva ACG, de Ávila RI, Brito HRG, Cintra ER, Veloso DFMC, Lima EM, Valadares MC. Application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for investigating skin sensitization potential of nanomaterials using new approach methods. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:67-74. [PMID: 32683706 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, considerable efforts to standardize methods for accurate assessment of properties and safety aspects of nanomaterials are being made. However, immunomodulation effects upon skin exposure to nanomaterial have not been explored. OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunotoxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, and fullerene using the current mechanistic understanding of skin sensitization by applying the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP). METHODS Investigation of the ability of nanomaterials to interact with skin proteins using the micro-direct peptide reactivity assay; the expression of CD86 cell surface marker using the U937 cell activation test (OECD No. 442E/2018); and the effects of nanomaterials on modulating inflammatory response through inflammatory cytokine release by U937 cells. RESULTS The nanomaterials easily internalized into keratinocytes cells, interacted with skin proteins, and triggered activation of U937 cells by increasing CD86 expression and modulating inflammatory cytokine production. Consequently, these nanomaterials were classified as skin sensitizers in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the potential immunotoxicity of nanomaterials and highlights the importance of studying the immunotoxicity and skin sensitization potential of nanomaterials to anticipate possible human health risks using standardized mechanistic nonanimal methods with high predictive accuracy. Therefore, it contributes toward the applicability of existing OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) testing guidelines for accurate assessment of nanomaterial skin sensitization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia F Bezerra
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Artur C G da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Renato I de Ávila
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Hallison R G Brito
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Emílio R Cintra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology-Farmatec, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danillo F M C Veloso
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology-Farmatec, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology-Farmatec, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marize C Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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14
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Svobodova L, Dvorakova M, Rucki M, Kejlova K, Kandarova H, Kolarova H, Mannerstrom M, Heinonen T. Safety testing of adult novelties using in vitro methods. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104780. [PMID: 32898621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread and prolonged use of adult novelties, their health safety is not regularly tested or legally regulated. In the EU, adult novelties are subjected to the General Product Safety Directive, placing the burden of proof regarding safe products onto the manufacturers. The aim of our pilot study was to expand knowledge on potential application of in vitro methods for hazard prediction of extracts from final products. We subjected extracts of 20 adult novelties, purchased on the Czech market to toxicological tests including NRU cytotoxicity assay, sensitization tests DPRA and LuSens and the YES/YAS endocrine assay. Four samples produced cytotoxicity. Sensitization potential was recorded by DPRA (three samples) while the LuSens reported ten samples. Regarding endocrine disruption, three samples produced antiestrogen and antiandrogen effects. Six samples exhibited androgenic potential and one sample showed estrogenic potential. Positive results with possible health effects were recorded repeatedly for samples made of ABS, PVC and latex. The study has confirmed promising usefulness of our test methods combination with regard to safety testing of this type of consumer products. The results should be evaluated with care, however, the data bring added-value to the limited knowledge of mixture toxicology and are indicative for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Svobodova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - M Dvorakova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - M Rucki
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - K Kejlova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - H Kandarova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - H Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - M Mannerstrom
- FICAM, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - T Heinonen
- FICAM, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Nogueira dos Reis D, Guimarães Silva F, da Costa Santana R, Caetano de Oliveira T, Brito Freiberger M, Barbosa da Silva F, Monteiro Júnior E, Müller C. Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Eugenia dysenterica DC under Varying Rates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060722. [PMID: 32521605 PMCID: PMC7355562 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of high-quality seedlings and their use in commercial planting reduce pressure on natural areas. Eugenia dysenterica DC is a native fruit tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, whose nutritional requirements are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supplementation on the physiology, growth and nutrient uptake, and use efficiencies of E. dysenterica seedlings grown in glasshouse conditions. The following rates were used in separate experiments: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg dm−3 N and 0, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg dm−3 P. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block with four replications. The lowest N rate (50 mg dm−3) increased the stomatal conductance (gS) and, consequently, resulted in the highest transpiration (E), electron transport (ETR), and photosynthetic (A) rates. Also, rates of 50 mg dm−3 and 100 mg dm−3 N increased the Root Uptake Efficiency (RUE) and plant Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) for macronutrients and the RUE for micronutrients, stimulating plant growth. Phosphorous fertilization resulted in the maximum values for photosynthesis, electron transport rate, total dry mass, and NUE at the 200 mg dm−3 rate. The results of this study suggest that fertilization with 50 mg dm−3 N and 200 mg dm−3 P is suitable for the development of E. dysenterica seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nogueira dos Reis
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-64-3620-5617
| | - Reginaldo da Costa Santana
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Thales Caetano de Oliveira
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Mariângela Brito Freiberger
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fábia Barbosa da Silva
- Plants Stress Study Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Luiz de QueirózAgriculture School, P.O. Box 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;
| | - Elídio Monteiro Júnior
- Biodiversity Laboratory, Minas South Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Poços de Caldas, 37713-100 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Müller
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil;
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16
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Agulló-Chazarra L, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Segura-Carretero A, Micol V, Herranz-López M, Barrajón-Catalán E. Sweet Cherry Byproducts Processed by Green Extraction Techniques as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiaging Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050418. [PMID: 32414056 PMCID: PMC7278782 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cosmetic industry, there is a continuous demand for new and innovative ingredients for product development. In the context of continual renovation, both cosmetic companies and customers are particularly interested in compounds derived from natural sources due to their multiple benefits. In this study, novel and green-extractive techniques (pressurized solvent, supercritical CO2, and subcritical water extractions) were used to obtain three new extracts from sweet cherry stems, a byproduct generated by the food industry. The extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), and 57 compounds, mainly flavonoids but also organic and phenolic acids, fatty acids, and terpenes, were identified. After analytical characterization, a multistep screening approach, including antioxidant, enzymatic, and photoprotective cellular studies, was used to select the best extract according to its benefits of interest to the cosmetics industry. The extract obtained with supercritical CO2 presented the best characteristics, including a wide antioxidant capacity, especially against lipid peroxyl and •OH free radicals, as well as relevant photoprotective action and antiaging properties, making it a potential new ingredient for consideration in the development of new cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Agulló-Chazarra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (V.M.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, BioRegión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (J.L.-S.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, BioRegión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (J.L.-S.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, BioRegión Building, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (J.L.-S.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (V.M.); (E.B.-C.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (V.M.); (E.B.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965222586
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (L.A.-C.); (V.M.); (E.B.-C.)
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Andrade WM, da Silva ACG, Moreira LC, Gomes TRLES, Batista AC, Valadares MC. Innovative strategy based on mechanisms to substitute animal testing for ocular toxicity assessment of agrochemical formulations market in Brazil. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104851. [PMID: 32259559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considering the successful employment of alternative methods for eye toxicity assessment of products for regulatory purposes, and the recent advances in Brazilian legislative scenario, which adopted the UN GHS classification system for agrochemical formulations toxicity assessment, there is an emerging demand for strategies that allow the evaluation of such products. Based on this, the present study aimed to address the applicability of a mechanistic-based defined approach for eye toxicity assessment of agrochemical formulations. It was investigated the opacity/permeability, depth and location of corneal injury in bovine cornea, and vascular events in chorioallantoic membrane induced for different Brazilian agrochemicals using a Sequential Testing Strategy (STS). Cytotoxicity induced by the agrochemical formulations was evaluated by Short Time exposure (STE) (OECD TG 491) assay (step 1), corneal injury was investigated by standard Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) (OECD TG 437) followed by histopathological evaluation (step 2), and Hen Chorionic-allantoic Membrane test (HET-CAM) was used to evaluate vascular injury (step 3). The results demonstrated that the proposed defined approach enabled a classification corresponding UN GHS classification of agrochemical formulations while minimizing the use of live animals. Therefore, this approach may be useful for categorization of agrochemicals in Brazil according to the new regulatory scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Machado Andrade
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Artur Christian Garcia da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cleres Moreira
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology, Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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18
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Effect of Trust in Domain-Specific Information of Safety, Brand Loyalty, and Perceived Value for Cosmetics on Purchase Intentions in Mobile E-Commerce Context. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11226257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the safety issues of humidifier disinfectants and some other safety incidents in personal cares caused chemical phobia syndrome in the Korean society. This series of events has created a trend for cosmetic consumers to undermine brand confidence and to self-check the safety of commercial cosmetic formulations through mobile apps. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of trust in domain specific information on the safety rating of cosmetic ingredients on the perceived value and the purchase intention of the cosmetics. The results of structural equation modeling showed that involvement of skin safety (ISS) had a positive effect on trust in domain specific information on safety (TDSI) and brand loyalty (BL). TDSI showed a positive effect on the perceived safety value (PFV) and the perceived social value (PSV), and BL had a positive effect on the PSV. ISS, TDSI, and PSV had a positive effect on the purchase intention (PI) of green-grade cosmetics (GGC). As hypothesized, BL had an adverse effect on PI of GGC. Given the results, utilizing the signal of the domain specific information may be recommended to new entrants to the cosmetic business or manufacturers with relatively weak brand power.
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de Ávila RI, Lindstedt M, Valadares MC. The 21st Century movement within the area of skin sensitization assessment: From the animal context towards current human-relevant in vitro solutions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104445. [PMID: 31430506 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In a regulatory context, skin sensitization hazard and risk evaluations of manufactured products and their ingredients (e.g. cosmetics) are mandatory in several regions. Great efforts have been made within the field of 21st Century Toxicology to provide non-animal testing approaches to assess the skin allergy potential of materials (e.g. chemicals, mixtures, nanomaterials, particles). Mechanistic understanding of skin sensitization process through the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has promoted the development of in vitro methods, demonstrating accuracies superior to the traditional animal testing. These in vitro testing approaches are based on one of the four AOP key events (KE) of skin sensitization: formation of immunogenic hapten-protein complexes (KE-1 or the molecular initiating event, MIE), inflammatory keratinocyte responses (KE-2), dendritic cell activation (KE-3), and T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation (KE-4). This update provides an overview of the historically used in vivo methods as well as the current in chemico and in cell methods with and without OECD guideline designations to analyze the progress towards human-relevant in vitro test methods for safety assessment of the skin allergenicity potential of materials. Here our focus is to review 96 in vitro testing approaches directed to the KEs of the skin sensitization AOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ivan de Ávila
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil.
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20
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de Lima Cherubim DJ, Buzanello Martins CV, Oliveira Fariña L, da Silva de Lucca RA. Polyphenols as natural antioxidants in cosmetics applications. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:33-37. [PMID: 31389656 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is a great interest in cosmetics prepared on natural resources bases and this may restrict the use of synthetic substances. Plants play a relevant role as a source of biologically active natural products with cosmetic and dermatological importance. According to this context, polyphenolic extracts are highlighted because they have proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antimicrobial, and supporting activity in solar photoprotection. AIMS The purpose this study were reviewed at reporting the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, mainly applied to dermatological therapy, and highlighting the action mechanisms and structure-activity relationship. METHODOLOGY In September 2017, we performed a literature search in PubMed and Scielo for scientific researches, antioxidant studies, and systemic reviews. The search terms we used were "PHYTOCOSMETICS" AND "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY" OR "PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS" (from 2000). As inclusion criteria were used relevant original articles, scientific research in the area of interest, and crucial reference articles. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate publications, non-relevant articles and not published in English. RESULTS The potential cosmetic application of phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants has been attributed to the chemical structure of these compounds, which to interfere in different phases of the oxidation mechanism. CONCLUSION The use of phenolic extracts emerges as a viable alternative for cosmetic application, ensuring a commitment to sustainability. However, it is of crucial importance to evaluate the toxicity risks of raw materials and finished products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Oliveira Fariña
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire Aparecida da Silva de Lucca
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil.,Engineering and Exact Sciences Center, Western Paraná State University, Toledo, Brasil
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21
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Mazutti da Silva SM, Rezende Costa CR, Martins Gelfuso G, Silva Guerra EN, de Medeiros Nóbrega YK, Gomes SM, Pic-Taylor A, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D, Magalhães PDO. Wound Healing Effect of Essential Oil Extracted from Eugenia dysenterica DC (Myrtaceae) Leaves. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010002. [PMID: 30577426 PMCID: PMC6337431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural oils in topical pharmaceutical preparations has usually presented safe agents for the improvement of human health. Based on research into the immense potential of wound management and healing, we aimed to validate the use of topical natural products by studying the ability of the essential oil of Eugenia dysenterica DC leaves (oEd) to stimulate in vitro skin cell migration. Skin cytotoxicity was evaluated using a fibroblast cell line (L929) by MTT assay. The oil chemical profile was investigated by GC-MS. Moreover, the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) tested. The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay was used to evaluate the angiogenic activity and irritating potential of the oil. The oEd induces skin cell migration in a scratch assay at a concentration of 542.2 µg/mL. α-humulene and β-caryophyllene, the major compounds of this oil, as determined by GC-MS, may partly explain the migration effect. The inhibition of nitric oxide by oEd and α-humulene suggested an anti-inflammatory effect. The CAM assay showed that treatment with oEd ≤ 292 µg/mL did not cause skin injury, and that it can promote angiogenesis in vivo. Hence, these results indicate the feasibility of the essential oil of Eugenia dysenterica DC leaves to developed dermatological products capable of helping the body to repair damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Márcia Mazutti da Silva
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | | | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Sueli Maria Gomes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Laboratory of Embryology and Developmental Biology, Genetics and Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
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22
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A highly sensitive and selective high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS) method for the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA). J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 94:1-15. [PMID: 30099091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the HPLC/UV (high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-violet spectrometry)-based DPRA (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay) identifies dermal sensitizers with approximately 80% accuracy, the low selectivity and sensitivity of the HPLC/UV-based DPRA poses challenges to accurately identify the sensitization potential of certain chemicals. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS)-based DPRA was developed and validated according to the test guideline (OECD TG 442C). The final results were compared with the results from the traditional HPLC/UV-based guideline DPRA. This HPLC/MS-MS-based DPRA demonstrated similar performance compared to HPLC/UV-based DPRA using known dermal sensitizers and non-sensitizers according to the test guideline (OECD TG 442C). Following the validation, a challenge set of chemicals with either overlapping retention time with peptides, or higher hydrophobicity or chemicals potentially forming non-covalent interactions with peptides were assessed for dermal sensitization potential using both methods and the results were compared to existing in vivo data. The HPLC/MS-MS-based DPRA correctly predicted these chemicals as sensitizers or non-sensitizers; however, the HPLC/UV-based DPRA resulted in false-positive predictions for hydrophobic substances, chemicals with UV peaks overlapping with those of the peptide(s), and compounds that non-covalently interact with the peptides. These findings demonstrate the broader applicability and better sensitivity and selectivity of the LC/MS-MS-based DPRA over the traditional HPLC/UV-based guideline DPRA.
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