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Zhang R, Yang H, Guo M, Niu S, Xue Y. Mitophagy and its regulatory mechanisms in the biological effects of nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38642013 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective cellular process critical for the removal of damaged mitochondria. It is essential in regulating mitochondrial number, ensuring mitochondrial functionality, and maintaining cellular equilibrium, ultimately influencing cell destiny. Numerous pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and various other conditions, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, a detailed exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is pivotal for enhancing our understanding and for the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic options for these diseases. Nanomaterials have become integral in biomedicine and various other sectors, offering advanced solutions for medical uses including biological imaging, drug delivery, and disease diagnostics and therapy. Mitophagy is vital in managing the cellular effects elicited by nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underpinning mitophagy, underscoring its significant influence on the biological responses of cells to nanomaterials. Nanoparticles can initiate mitophagy via various pathways, among which the PINK1-Parkin pathway is critical for cellular defense against nanomaterial-induced damage by promoting mitophagy. The role of mitophagy in biological effects was induced by nanomaterials, which are associated with alterations in Ca2+ levels, the production of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lysosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Lee KI, Fang KM, Kuo CY, Huang CF, Liu SH, Liu JM, Lai WC, Chang KC, Su CC, Chen YW. Roles of oxidative stress/JNK/ERK signals in paraquat-triggered hepatic apoptosis. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100155. [PMID: 38379848 PMCID: PMC10877118 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a toxic and nonselective bipyridyl herbicide, is one of the most extensively used pesticides in agricultural countries. In addition to pneumotoxicity, the liver is an important target organ for PQ poisoning in humans. However, the mechanism of PQ in hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we found that exposure of rat hepatic H4IIE cells to PQ (0.1-2 mM) induced significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis, which was accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytosolic cytochrome c release, and changes in the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio. Moreover, PQ (0.5 mM) exposure markedly induced JNK and ERK1/2 activation, but not p38-MAPK. Blockade of JNK and ERK1/2 signaling by pretreatment with the specific pharmacological inhibitors SP600125 and PD98059, respectively, effectively prevented PQ-induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic events. Additionally, PQ exposure stimulated significant oxidative stress-related signals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which could be reversed by the antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC). Buffering the oxidative stress response with NAC also effectively abrogated PQ-induced hepatotoxicity, MMP loss, apoptosis, and phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 protein, however, the JNK or ERK inhibitors did not suppress ROS generation in PQ-treated cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PQ exposure induces hepatic cell toxicity and death via an oxidative stress-dependent JNK/ERK activation-mediated downstream mitochondria-regulated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Kuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lai
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Vellingiri B, Chandrasekhar M, Sri Sabari S, Gopalakrishnan AV, Narayanasamy A, Venkatesan D, Iyer M, Kesari K, Dey A. Neurotoxicity of pesticides - A link to neurodegeneration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113972. [PMID: 36029574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly targets motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. The physiological changes occur due to dopamine depletion in basal ganglia region of the brain. PD aetiology is not yet elucidated clearly but genetic and environmental factors play a prominent role in disease occurrence. Despite of various environmental factors, pesticides exposure has been convicted as major candidate in PD pathogenesis. Among various pesticides 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been widely investigated in PD following with paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), organochlorines (OC) and rotenone. Effect of these pesticides has been suggested to be involved in oxidative stress, alterations in dopamine transporters, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrillation, and neuroinflammation in PD. The present review discusses the influence of pesticides in neurodegeneration and its related epidemiological studies conducted in PD. Furthermore, we have deliberated the common pesticides involved in PD and its associated genetic alterations and the probable mechanism of them behind PD pathogenesis. Hence, we conclude that pesticides play a prominent role in PD pathogenesis and advance research is needed to investigate the alterations in genetic and mechanistic aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mamatha Chandrasekhar
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sri Sabari
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming and Bioresource Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavindra Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 00076, Finland.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
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Zhang Z, Yi J, Xie B, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang J, Hou J, Wei H. Parkin, as a Regulator, Participates in Arsenic Trioxide-Triggered Mitophagy in HeLa Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2759-2771. [PMID: 35735630 PMCID: PMC9222214 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin is a well-established synergistic mediator of mitophagy in dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitochondria are the main target of arsenic trioxide (ATO) cytotoxicity, and the effect of mitophagy on ATO action remains unclear. In this study, we used stable Parkin-expressing (YFP-Parkin) and Parkin loss-of-function mutant (Parkin C431S) HeLa cell models to ascertain whether Parkin-mediated mitophagy participates in ATO-induced apoptosis/cell death. Our data showed that the overexpression of Parkin significantly sensitized HeLa cells to ATO-initiated proliferation inhibition and apoptosis; however, the mutation of Parkin C431S significantly weakened this Parkin-mediated responsiveness. Our further investigation found that ATO significantly downregulated two fusion proteins (Mfn1/2) and upregulated fission-related protein (Drp1). Autophagy was also activated as evidenced by the formation of autophagic vacuoles and mitophagosomes, increased expression of PINK1, and recruitment of Parkin to impaired mitochondria followed by their degradation, accompanied by the increased transformation of LC3-I to LC3-II, increased expression of Beclin1 and decreased expression of P62 in YFP-Parkin HeLa cells. Enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy indicated that mitophagy was activated. Furthermore, during the process of mitophagy, the overproduction of ROS implied that ROS might represent a key factor that initiates mitophagy following Parkin recruitment to mitochondria. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Parkin is critically involved in ATO-triggered mitophagy and functions as a potential antiproliferative target in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hulai Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (B.X.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
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Mohan J, Sheik Abdul N, Nagiah S, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. Fumonisin B 2 Induces Mitochondrial Stress and Mitophagy in Human Embryonic Kidney (Hek293) Cells-A Preliminary Study. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030171. [PMID: 35324667 PMCID: PMC8954924 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous soil fungi parasitise agricultural commodities and produce mycotoxins. Fumonisin B2 (FB2), the structural analogue of the commonly studied Fumonisin B1 (FB1), is a neglected mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species. Mycotoxins are known for inducing toxicity via mitochondrial stress alluding to mitochondrial degradation (mitophagy). These processes involve inter-related pathways that are regulated by proteins related to SIRT3 and Nrf2. This study aimed to investigate mitochondrial stress responses in human kidney (Hek293) cells exposed to FB2 for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed via the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 317.4 µmol/L) was estimated using statistical software. Reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFDA), mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (JC1-mitoscreen) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP; luminometry) levels were evaluated to assess mitochondrial integrity. The relative expression of mitochondrial stress response proteins (SIRT3, pNrf2, LONP1, PINK1, p62 and HSP60) was determined by Western blot. Transcript levels of SIRT3, PINK1 and miR-27b were assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). FB2 reduced ATP production (p = 0.0040), increased mitochondrial stress marker HSP60 (p = 0.0140) and suppressed upregulation of mitochondrial stress response proteins SIRT3 (p = 0.0026) and LONP1 (p = 0.5934). FB2 promoted mitophagy via upregulation of pNrf2 (p = 0.0008), PINK1 (p = 0.0014) and p62 (p < 0.0001) protein expression. FB2 also suppressed miR-27b expression (p < 0.0001), further promoting the occurrence of mitophagy. Overall, the findings suggest that FB2 increases mitochondrial stress and promotes mitophagy in Hek293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (J.M.); (N.S.A.); (S.N.); (T.G.)
| | - Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (J.M.); (N.S.A.); (S.N.); (T.G.)
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (J.M.); (N.S.A.); (S.N.); (T.G.)
- Medical Programme, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Bethelsdorp, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (J.M.); (N.S.A.); (S.N.); (T.G.)
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (J.M.); (N.S.A.); (S.N.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-312-604-404
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Yang W, Ma X, Zhu Y, Meng X, Tian R, Yang Z. Paraquat but not diquat induces TGF-β expression and thus activates calcium-NFAT axis for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:733-741. [PMID: 34484664 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ), two highly efficient herbicides sharing similar chemical backbone, both induce reactive oxygen species and are highly toxic to humans and livestock, however, PQ but not DQ poisoning result in pulmonary fibrosis, the leading cause of high mortality rate in patients suffering PQ toxicity. Understanding the unique mechanism of PQ different from DQ therefore would provide potential strategies to reduce PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we identified that PQ but not DQ continuously upregulates TGF-β expression in alveolar type II (AT II) cells. Importantly, such high expression of TGF-β increases cytosolic calcium levels and further promotes the activation of calcineurin-NFAT axis. TGF-β mainly activates NFATc1 and NFATc2, but not NFATc3 or NFATc4. Administration of the inhibitors targeting cytosolic calcium or calcineurin largely reverses PQ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas DQ has little effects on activation of NFAT and EMT. Ultimately, PQ poisoned patients exhibit significantly reduced blood calcium levels compared to DQ poisoning, possibly via the large usage of calcium by AT II cells. All in all, we found a vicious cycle that the upregulated TGF-β in PQ-induced EMT further aggravates EMT via promotion of the calcium-calcineurin axis, which could be potential drug targets for treating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 650 Xingsongjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinrun Ma
- Institute of clinical Immunology, Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 650 Xingsongjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 650 Xingsongjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 650 Xingsongjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 650 Xingsongjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 650 Xingsongjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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Hydrogen alleviates cell damage and acute lung injury in sepsis via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:915-930. [PMID: 34244821 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the main cause of early death in septic shock. Lungs are among the organs that are affected in MOF, resulting in acute lung injury. Inflammation is an important factor that causes immune cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Autophagy is involved in the process of inflammation and also occurs in response to cell and tissue injury in several diseases. We previously demonstrated that hydrogen alleviated the inflammation-induced cell injury and organ damage in septic mice. AIM The focus of the present study was to elucidate whether mitophagy mediates the inflammatory response or oxidative injury in sepsis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of mitophagy in the protective effects of hydrogen against cell injury or organ dysfunction in sepsis. METHOD RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as an in vitro model for inflammation, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced acute lung injury mice were used as an in vivo model for sepsis. The key protein associated with mitophagy, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), was knocked down by PINK1 shRNA transfection in RAW 264.7 macrophages or mice. RESULTS Hydrogen ameliorated cell injury and enhanced mitophagy in macrophages stimulated by LPS. PINK1 was required for the mitigation of the cell impairment in LPS-stimulated macrophages by hydrogen treatment. PINK1 knockdown abrogated the beneficial effects of hydrogen on mitophagy in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Hydrogen inhibited acute lung injury in CLP mice via activation of PINK1-mediated mitophagy. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PINK1-mediated mitophagy plays a key role in the protective effects of hydrogen against cell injury in LPS-induced inflammation and CLP-induced acute lung injury.
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Chen N, Guo Z, Luo Z, Zheng F, Shao W, Yu G, Cai P, Wu S, Li H. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission contributes to mitophagy in paraquat-induced neuronal cell damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116413. [PMID: 33422762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world due to its excellent weed control effects. Accumulating evidence has revealed that long-term exposure to PQ can significantly increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Hence, we investigated the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in PQ-induced mitophagy, aiming to elaborate on possible molecular mechanisms involved in PQ-triggered neurotoxicity. Our results showed that ROS were increased, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased at 100, 200, and 300 μM PQ concentrations, and autophagy pathways were activated at a concentration of 100 μM in neuronal cells. In addition, excessive mitophagy was observed in neurons exposed to 300 μM PQ for 24 h. Then, ROS-mediated mitochondrial fission was found to contribute to PQ-induced excessive mitophagy. Moreover, all aforementioned changes were significantly ameliorated by mdivi-1. Thus, our findings provide a novel neurotoxic mechanism and reveal the DRP1-mitochondrial fission pathway as a potential target for treatments of PQ-induced excessive mitophagy, serving as an alternative target for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Because harmful substances are transmitted and enriched in the food chain, the toxic effect of environmental paraquat is nonnegligible, and more investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhou Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Subbiah R, Tiwari RR. The herbicide paraquat-induced molecular mechanisms in the development of acute lung injury and lung fibrosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:36-64. [PMID: 33528289 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1864721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic organic heterocyclic herbicide that has been widely used in agricultural settings. Since its commercial introduction in the early 1960s, numerous cases of fatal PQ poisonings attributed to accidental and/or intentional ingestion of PQ concentrated formulations have been reported. The clinical manifestations of the respiratory system during the acute phase of PQ poisoning mainly include acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), followed by pulmonary fibrosis in a later phase. The focus of this review is to summarize the most recent publications related to PQ-induced lung toxicity as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms for PQ-mediated pathologic processes. Growing sets of data from in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the involvement of the PQ in regulating lung oxidative stress, inflammatory response, epigenetics, apoptosis, autophagy, and the progression of lung fibrosis. The article also summarizes novel therapeutic avenues based on a literature review, which can be explored as potential means to combat PQ-induced lung toxicity. Finally, we also presented clinical studies on the association of PQ exposure with the incidence of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Subbiah
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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Yan S, Qiao L, Dou X, Song X, Chen Y, Zhang B, Xu C. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviate the intestinal permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy induced by oxidative stress. Food Funct 2021; 12:7068-7080. [PMID: 34156041 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element. Nano-selenium has attracted great attention due to its various biological properties, especially strong antioxidant activity, high bioavailability, and low toxicity. Our previous studies demonstrated that the selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) alleviate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via the mitochondrial pathway. However, the mechanism of SeNPs exerting antioxidant activity through the mitochondrial pathway remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the role of mitophagy in the protective effects of SeNPs on H2O2-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells against oxidative damage. The results showed that the SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 had no cytotoxicity on IPEC-J2 cells and effectively antagonized the cytotoxicity of 500 μM H2O2 on IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, SeNPs attenuated the H2O2-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and ROS overproduction, as well as alleviated the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease. In addition, compared to the oxidative stress model group, pretreatment with biogenic SeNPs significantly up-regulated the expression levels of occludin and claudin-1. Moreover, when compared to the oxidative stress model group, SeNPs inhibited the phosphorylation level of the mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR), as well as the expression levels of Unc-51-like kinase 1(ULK1), light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin proteins. The fluorescence colocalization images of mitochondria and lysosomes demonstrated that SeNPs significantly reduced the fusion of mitochondria and lysosomes when compared to the oxidative stress model group. These results demonstrate that the SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively alleviate the H2O2-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction through regulating mTOR/PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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Lee IJ, Chao CY, Yang YC, Cheng JJ, Huang CL, Chiou CT, Huang HT, Kuo YH, Huang NK. Huang Lian Jie Du Tang attenuates paraquat-induced mitophagy in human SH-SY5Y cells: A traditional decoction with a novel therapeutic potential in treating Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111170. [PMID: 33383311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (HLJDT) is a traditional Chinese medical decoction for heat-fire clearing and detoxication. Theoretically, the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been attributed to the dysregulations of internal wind, phlegm, fire, and stasis. Thus, HLJDT has been used to treat PD. However, the molecular mechanism is unknown. Besides, paraquat (PQ) as an herbicide has been known to impair midbrain dopaminergic neurons, resemblance to the pathology of PD. Thus, the molecular mechanism of HLJDT in treating PD and PQ-induced in vitro PD model was investigated in this study. Primarily, the dose-response of PQ (0.1∼1 mM)-induced neurotoxicity for 24 h was performed in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The LD50 of PQ is around 0.3 mM and was applied throughout the following experiments. The neutral red assay was used to estimate cell viability. Co-transfection of the mitochondrial marker and proapoptotic factor genes were applied to measure the release of mitochondrial proapoptotic factors during PQ intoxication and HLJDT protection. The fluorescent dyes were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential and free radical formation. Western blot and dot-blot analysis and immunocytochemistry were used to estimate the level of proteins related to apoptosis and mitophagy. PINK1 gene silencing was used to determine the significance of mitophagy during PQ intoxication. In this study, HLJDT attenuated PQ-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. HLJDT reversed PQ-induced decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressed PQ-induced increased cytosolic and mitochondrial free radical formations and mitochondrial proapoptotic factor releases. Furthermore, HLJDT mitigated PQ-induced increases in full-length PINK1, phosphorylations of Parkin and ubiquitin, mitochondrial translocation of phosphorylated Parkin, and mitophagy. PINK1 gene silencing attenuated PQ-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, HLJDT attenuated PQ-induced cell death by regulating mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Lee
- Herbal Medicine Department, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Psychiatry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chen Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 26047, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11267, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuen-Lin Huang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Hsintien, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Physiology & Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11267, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11267, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11267, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nai-Kuei Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11267, Taiwan, ROC; The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Zhao HW, Liu H, Liu LY, Liu Z, Dong XS. Analysis of microRNA expression profiling during paraquat-induced injury of murine lung alveolar epithelial cells. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:423-434. [PMID: 32741895 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) as a non-selective heterocyclic herbicide, has been applied worldwide for over a few decades. But PQ is very harmful to humans and rodents. The lung is the main target organ of PQ poisoning. It is an important event that lung epithelial cells are injured during PQ-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. As a regulator of mRNA expression, microRNA (miRNA) may play an important role in the progress. Our study was to investigate the mechanisms of PQ-induced injury of pulmonary epithelial cells through analyzing the profiling of miRNAs and their target genes. As a result, 11 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened, including 1 upregulated miRNA and 10 downregulated miRNAs in PQ-treated murine lung alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12 cells). The bioinformatic analyses suggested that the target genes of these miRNAs were involved in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and DNA methylation, and participated in the regulation of PI3K-Akt, mTOR, RAS, TNF, MAPK and other signal pathways which related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. This indicated that miRNAs were an important regulator of oxidative stress and apoptosis during PQ-induced injury of murine lung alveolar epithelial cells. The findings would deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of PQ-induced pulmonary injury and might provide new treatment targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Li-Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Xue-Song Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
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Dimasuay KG, Schaunaman N, Martin RJ, Pavelka N, Kolakowski C, Gottlieb RA, Holguin F, Chu HW. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, enhances airway mitochondrial DNA release and inflammation. Thorax 2020; 75:717-724. [PMID: 32499407 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkin (Park2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is critical to maintain mitochondrial function by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (mitophagy), but recent evidence suggests the involvement of Parkin in promoting inflammation. In the present study, we determined if Parkin regulates airway mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and inflammatory responses to type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-13 and allergens. METHODS We measured Parkin mRNA expression in brushed bronchial epithelial cells and mtDNA release in the paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from normal subjects and asthmatics. Parkin-deficient primary human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system were stimulated with IL-13. To determine the in vivo function of Parkin, Parkin knockout (PKO) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with IL-13 or allergen (house dust mite, HDM) in the presence or absence of mtDNA isolated from normal mouse lungs. RESULTS Parkin mRNA expression in asthmatic airway epithelium was upregulated, which positively correlated with the levels of released mtDNA in BALF. IL-13-stimulated HTBE cells increased Parkin expression. Moreover, IL-13 induced mtDNA release in Parkin-sufficient, but not in Parkin-deficient HTBE cells. PKO (vs WT) mice attenuated airway mtDNA release and inflammation following IL-13 or HDM treatments. mtDNA amplified airway inflammation in mice treated with IL-13 or HDM. Notably, Parkin also mediated mtDNA-induced exacerbation of airway inflammation. CONCLUSION Our research findings suggest that Parkin promotes mtDNA release and inflammation in airways, thus improving our understanding of the complex role of Parkin and mitochondrial dysfunction in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole Pavelka
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Shen H, Zhao M. Combined signaling of NF-kappaB and IL-17 contributes to Mesenchymal stem cells-mediated protection for Paraquat-induced acute lung injury. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:195. [PMID: 32680482 PMCID: PMC7367411 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide widely used in the world. PQ can cause pulmonary toxicity and even acute lung injury. Treatment for PQ poisoning in a timely manner is still a challenge for clinicians. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has hold potentials for the treatment of several lung diseases including PQ poisoning. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms mediated by MSC transplantation to protect PQ-induced lung injury. METHODS Here we performed the whole genome sequencing and compared the genes and pathways in the lung that were altered by PQ or PQ together with MSC treatment. RESULTS The comparison in transcriptome identified a combined mitigation in NF-kappaB signaling and IL-17 signaling in MSC transplanted samples. CONCLUSION This study not only reiterates the important role of NF-kappaB signaling and IL-17 signaling in the pathogenesis of PQ-induced toxicity, but also provides insight into a molecular basis of MSC administration for the treatment of PQ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Duan T, Hu T, Wu C, Yeh YT, Lu J, Zhang Q, Li X, Jian W, Luo P. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is involved in NaAsO 2-induced apoptosis of human hepatic cells through activation of ERK signaling. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104857. [PMID: 32278034 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated as one key event in arsenic-induced hepatic cell damage though the exact molecular target remains unknown. Here we examined NaAsO2-induced mitochondrial damage in the L-02 cell led to mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release, mitophagy, apoptosis in a dose response manner. Mitophagy was measured by analysis of PINK1, Parkin, LC3-II and p62 protein. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring Annexin V. Using the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) or ERK inhibitor (PD98059), the balance between mitophagy and apoptosis were further explored. When CsA was used prior to cell exposure to NaAsO2, it was found that the levels of mitophagy were decreased as expected and apoptosis was increased in response. CsA alone had no effect on the apoptosis rate. When the ERK signaling inhibitor PD98059 was used, there was a similar result that mitophagy was reduced though in contrast with CsA the apoptosis rate was also decreased compared with NaAsO2 alone. This result, along with the increased levels of ERK measured here in response to NaAsO2, indicates that ERK activation is a second key molecular response to NaAsO2 through the activation of both apoptosis and mitophagy. Thus the results with CsA indicate that the likely key biological event in NaAsO2 toxicity is at the level of the mitochondria leading to cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Mitophagy is increased in response to a secondary effect of NaAsO2 on ERK signaling that activates both mitophagy and apoptosis. The activation of mitophagy allows the cell to avoid some apoptosis. When ERK signaling is inhibited by PD98059 both the levels of apoptosis and mitophagy are decreased compared with the response produced by NaAsO2 alone in comparison to the inhibition of mitophagy by CsA that reduced mitophagy but dramatically increased apoptosis in response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Duan
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Changyan Wu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Ju Lu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Wen Jian
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China.
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Liu K, Zhan Z, Gao W, Feng J, Xie X. Cyclosporine attenuates Paraquat-induced mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:138-146. [PMID: 32116062 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1729176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can induce mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an inhibitor of mitophagy. This study aimed at investigating whether CsA could inhibit PQ-induced mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with vehicle saline (control), 50 mg/kg PQ by gavage alone, or together with different doses of CsA. At 14 days post-induction, the levels of pulmonary fibrosis and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin expression in individual rats and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in lung cells were measured. Moreover, A549 cells were treated with PQ or PQ + CsA for 24 h and the levels of PINK1, Parkin, fibronectin, collagen I and LC3 I and II expression and MMP were examined. Finally, the impact of PINK1 overexpression on the PQ or PQ + CsA-modulated fibronectin and collagen I expression in A549 cells was tested.Results: PQ exposure significantly increased the levels of hydroxyproline and collagen I expression and collagen fiber accumulation in the lung of rats, which were mitigated by CsA treatment. Furthermore, treatment with CsA significantly improved the PQ-decreased MMP and abrogated PQ-upregulated PINK1 and Parkin expression in the lungs of rats. In addition, CsA treatment decreased the PQ-induced fibrosis and mitophagy and PQ-impaired MMP as well as PQ-upregulated PINK1 and Parkin expression in A549 cells. The later effect of CsA was abrogated by PINK1 overexpression in A549 cells.Conclusions: Therefore, CsA can inhibit the PQ-induced mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating the PINK1/Parkin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China.,Department of Nephrology, the Chengdu Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Xisheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
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He B, Wang X, Yang C, Zhu J, Jin Y, Fu Z. The regulation of autophagy in the pesticide-induced toxicity: Angel or demon? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125138. [PMID: 31670000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have become an essential tool for pest kill, weed control and microbiome inhibition for both agricultural and domestic use. However, with the massive use, pesticides can exist in soil, air and water, and sometimes even accumulate in the human or other mammals through food chains. Lots of researches have proven that pesticides possess toxicity to mammals on endocrine, neural and immune systems. Autophagy, as a conservative intracellular process, which is activated by stress-related signals, plays a pivotal role, either "angle" or "demon", in regulation of cell fate and function. Recent evidences in researches elucidated a strong link between the autophagy and the toxicity of pesticides. In this review, we summarized the previous researches which focus on the autophagy regulation in the pesticides-induced toxicity, and hope that this work can help us to discover a potential strategy for the treatment of the disease caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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18
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Paraquat Exposure Induces Pulmonary Cell Mitophagy by Enhancing the PINK1/Parkin Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can cause oxidative stress, acute lung injury (ALI), and fibrosis. Excess oxidative stress can induce mitophagy. However, whether PQ exposure can induce mitophagy, contributing to the development of ALI and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo has not been clarified. Here, we show that PQ exposure induces ALI and fiber accumulation in the lung of rats in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by upregulating fibronectin (FN) and Collagen I (COL-I) expression. PQ exposure increased mitophagosome formation and PINK1 and Parkin expression in the lungs of rats. Similarly, PQ exposure reduced the viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, but enhanced FN, COL-I, PINK1, and Parkin expression in A549 cells. In contrast, PINK1 silencing significantly mitigated the PQ-upregulated Parkin, FN, and COL-I expression in A549 cells. Hence, PQ exposure induced ALI and fibrosis in rats by enhancing the PINK1/Parkin signaling and profibrotic factor expression in the lungs. Therefore, our findings suggest that the PINK1/Parkin signaling may be new therapeutic targets and may provide new insights in the pathogenesis of PQ-related ALI in rats.
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Castrejón-Jiménez NS, Leyva-Paredes K, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Castillo-Cruz J, Campillo-Navarro M, Hernández-Pérez AD, Luna-Angulo AB, Chacón-Salinas R, Coral-Vázquez RM, Estrada-García I, Sánchez-Torres LE, Torres-Torres C, García-Pérez BE. Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids Induce Mitophagy in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E3444. [PMID: 31547522 PMCID: PMC6803966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic and oleanolic acids are natural isomeric triterpenes known for their anticancer activity. Here, we investigated the effect of triterpenes on the viability of A549 human lung cancer cells and the role of autophagy in their activity. The induction of autophagy, the mitochondrial changes and signaling pathway stimulated by triterpenes were systematically explored by confocal microscopy and western blotting. Ursolic and oleanolic acids induce autophagy in A549 cells. Ursolic acid activates AKT/mTOR pathways and oleanolic acid triggers a pathway independent on AKT. Both acids promote many mitochondrial changes, suggesting that mitochondria are targets of autophagy in a process known as mitophagy. The PINK1/Parkin axis is a pathway usually associated with mitophagy, however, the mitophagy induced by ursolic or oleanolic acid is just dependent on PINK1. Moreover, both acids induce an ROS production. The blockage of autophagy with wortmannin is responsible for a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and cell death. The wortmannin treatment causes an over-increase of p62 and Nrf2 proteins promote a detoxifying effect to rescue cells from the death conducted by ROS. In conclusion, the mitophagy and p62 protein play an important function as a survival mechanism in A549 cells and could be target to therapeutic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1. Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Kahiry Leyva-Paredes
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Shantal Lizbeth Baltierra-Uribe
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Juan Castillo-Cruz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Marcia Campillo-Navarro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alma Delia Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México-Xochimilco No. 289. Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico.
| | - Alexandra Berenice Luna-Angulo
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México-Xochimilco No. 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico.
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, División de Investigación Biomédica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Félix Cuevas 540, Col del Valle Sur, Ciudad de México 03100, Mexico.
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Torres-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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Dysregulation in the Brain Protein Profile of Zebrafish Lacking the Parkinson’s Disease-Related Protein DJ-1. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8306-8322. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ramirez-Moreno MJ, Duarte-Jurado AP, Gopar-Cuevas Y, Gonzalez-Alcocer A, Loera-Arias MJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Autophagy Stimulation Decreases Dopaminergic Neuronal Death Mediated by Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8136-8156. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Kang X, Wang H, Li Y, Xiao Y, Zhao L, Zhang T, Zhou S, Zhou X, Li Y, Shou Z, Chen C, Li B. Alantolactone induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated AKT pathway and inhibition of PINK1-mediated mitophagy in human HepG2 cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1961-1970. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1593854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Hijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Shaohe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xiaolun Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Gansu medical college, Pingliang, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Computer Sciences, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zhexing Shou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
- College of Life Science, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, PR China
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23
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Zhang Y, Xi X, Mei Y, Zhao X, Zhou L, Ma M, Liu S, Zha X, Yang Y. High-glucose induces retinal pigment epithelium mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and inhibits mitophagy by regulating ROS/PINK1/Parkin signal pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1315-1325. [PMID: 30841445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) seriously endangers human beings' health, uncovering the underlying mechanism might help to cure DR. In this study, we found that the effects of glucose on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) varies in a dose dependent manner, high-glucose (50mM) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis, inhibits cell mitophagy as well as proliferative abilities, while low-glucose (15mM) induces ROS production and cell mitophagy, but has little impacts on cell apoptosis and proliferation. Of note, the toxic effects of high-glucose (50mM) on RPE are alleviated by ROS scavengers and aggravated by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). High-glucose (50mM) induced ROS generation is merely eliminated by ROS scavengers instead of mitophagy or autophagy inhibitor. We also proved that high-glucose (50mM) inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by regulating ROS mediated inhibition of mitophagy. In addition, mitophagy associated proteins PINK1 and Parkin are downregulated by high-glucose (50mM) or hydrogen peroxide treatments, which are reversed by ROS scavengers. Of note, Knock-down of PINK1 decreases phospharylated Parkin instead of total Parkin levels in RPE. Intriguingly, high-glucose's inhibiting effects on cell mitophagy as well as proliferation and its promoting effects on cell apoptosis are reversed by either PINK1 or Parkin overexpression. Therefore, we concluded that high-glucose promotes RPE apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation as well as mitophagy by regulating ROS mediated inactivation of ROS/PINK1/Parkin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoting Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road 295, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First people's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Liqiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Minjun Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Sili Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Zha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Yanni Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming Yunnan, China.
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