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Roberson EC, Tran NK, Godambe AN, Mark H, Nguimtsop M, Rust T, Ung E, Barker LJ, Fitch RD, Wallingford JB. Hedgehog signaling is required for endometrial remodeling and myometrial homeostasis in the cycling mouse uterus. iScience 2023; 26:107993. [PMID: 37810243 PMCID: PMC10551904 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of work demonstrate that the mammalian estrous cycle is controlled by cycling steroid hormones. However, the signaling mechanisms that act downstream, linking hormonal action to the physical remodeling of the cycling uterus, remain unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed gene expression at all stages of the mouse estrous cycle. Strikingly, we found that several genetic programs well-known to control tissue morphogenesis in developing embryos displayed cyclical patterns of expression. We find that most of the genetic architectures of Hedgehog signaling (ligands, receptors, effectors, and transcription factors) are transcribed cyclically in the uterus, and that conditional disruption of the Hedgehog receptor smoothened not only elicits a failure of normal cyclical thickening of the endometrial lining but also induces aberrant deformation of the uterine smooth muscle. Together, our data shed light on the mechanisms underlying normal uterine remodeling specifically and cyclical gene expression generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle C. Roberson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ngan Kim Tran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anushka N. Godambe
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Harrison Mark
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michelle Nguimtsop
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Trinity Rust
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ung
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - LeCaine J. Barker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Fitch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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2
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Heller DS, Cramer SF, Turner BM. Abnormal Uterine Involution May Lead to Atony and Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Hypothesis, With Review of the Evidence. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023; 26:429-436. [PMID: 37672676 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231194698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Uterine involution has 2 major components-(1) involution of vessels; and (2) involution of myometrium. Involution of vessels was addressed by Rutherford and Hertig in 1945; however, involution of myometrium has received little attention in the modern literature. We suggest that the pathophysiology of myometrial involution may lead to uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. The myometrium dramatically enlarges due to gestational hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myocytes, caused by hormonal influences of the fetal adrenal cortex and the placenta. After delivery, uterine weight drops rapidly, with physiologic involution of myometrium associated with massive destruction of myometrial tissue. The resulting histopathology, supported by scientific evidence, may be termed "postpartum metropathy," and may explain the delay of postpartum menstrual periods until the completion of involution. When uterine atony causes uncontrolled hemorrhage, postpartum hysterectomy examination may be the responsibility of the perinatal pathologist.Postpartum metropathy may be initiated when delivery of the baby terminates exposure to the hormonal influence of the fetal adrenal cortex, and may be accelerated when placental delivery terminates exposure to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). This hypothesis may explain why a prolonged third stage of labor, and delays in management, are risk factors for severe hemorrhage due to uterine atony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra S Heller
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stewart F Cramer
- Department of Pathology, Highland Hospital and Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradley M Turner
- Department of Pathology, Highland Hospital and Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
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3
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Oh JE, Kwon S, Byun H, Song H, Lim HJ. Repopulation of autophagy-deficient stromal cells with autophagy-intact cells after repeated breeding in uterine mesenchyme-specific Atg7 knockout mice. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:170-176. [PMID: 37643830 PMCID: PMC10477416 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.05876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is highly active in ovariectomized mice experiencing hormone deprivation, especially in the uterine mesenchyme. Autophagy is responsible for the turnover of vasoactive factors in the uterus, which was demonstrated in anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 receptor (Amhr2)-Cre-driven autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) knockout (Amhr-Cre/Atg7f/f mice). In that study, we uncovered a striking difference in the amount of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) accumulation between virgin mice and breeder mice with the same genotype. Herein, we aimed to determine whether repeated breeding changed the composition of mesenchymal cell populations in the uterine stroma. METHODS All female mice used in this study were of the same genotype. Atg7 was deleted by Amhr2 promoter-driven Cre recombinase in the uterine stroma and myometrium, except for a triangular stromal region on the mesometrial side. Amhr-Cre/Atg7f/f female mice were divided into two groups: virgin mice with no mating history and aged between 11 and 12 months, and breeder mice with at least 6-month breeding cycles with multiple pregnancies and aged around 12 months. The uteri were used for Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS SQSTM1 accumulation, representing Atg7 deletion and halted autophagy, was much higher in virgin mice than in breeders. Breeders showed reduced accumulation of several vasoconstrictive factors, which are potential autophagy targets, in the uterus, suggesting that the uterine stroma was repopulated with autophagy-intact cells during repeated pregnancies. CONCLUSION Multiple pregnancies seem to have improved the uterine environment by replacing autophagy-deficient cells with autophagy-intact cells, providing evidence of cell mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Byun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jade Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Menzies FM. Immunology of Pregnancy and Systemic Consequences. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:253-280. [PMID: 37695432 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, with renowned Nobel Prize winning transplantation biologist Sir Peter Brian Medawar being the first to introduce this concept back in 1953. This concept considers how the maternal immune system can tolerate the developing fetus, which is 50% antigenically foreign to the uterus. There have been significant advances in our understanding of the immune system in regulating fertility, pregnancy and in complications of these, and what was once considered a paradox can be seen as a highly evolved system. Indeed, the complexity of the maternal-fetal interface along with our ever-advancing knowledge of immune cells and mediators means that we have a better understanding of these interactions, with gaps still present. This chapter will summarise the key aspects of the role of the immune system at each stage of pregnancy and highlight the recent advances in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Menzies
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK.
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5
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Wu SP, Wang T, Yao ZC, Peavey MC, Li X, Zhou L, Larina IV, DeMayo FJ. Myometrial progesterone receptor determines a transcription program for uterine remodeling and contractions during pregnancy. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac155. [PMID: 36120506 PMCID: PMC9470376 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The uterine myometrium expands and maintains contractile quiescence before parturition. While the steroid hormone progesterone blocks labor, the role of progesterone signaling in myometrial expansion remains elusive. This study investigated the myometrial functions of the progesterone receptor, PGR. Pgr ablation in mouse smooth muscle leads to subfertility, oviductal embryo retention, and impaired myometrial adaptation to pregnancy. While gross morphology between mutant and control uteri are comparable, mutant uteri manifest a decrease of 76.6% oxytocin-stimulated contractility in a pseudopregnant context with a reduced expression of intracellular calcium homeostasis genes including Pde5a and Plcb4. At mid-pregnancy, the mutant myometrium exhibits discontinuous myofibers and disarrayed extracellular matrix at the conceptus site. Transcriptome of the mutant mid-pregnant uterine wall manifests altered muscle and extracellular matrix profiles and resembles that of late-pregnancy control tissues. A survey of PGR occupancy, H3K27ac histone marks, and chromatin looping annotates cis-acting elements that may direct gene expression of mid-pregnancy uteri for uterine remodeling. Further analyses suggest that major muscle and matrix regulators Myocd and Ccn2 and smooth muscle building block genes are PGR direct downstream targets. Cataloging enhancers that are topologically associated with progesterone downstream genes reveals distinctive patterns of transcription factor binding motifs in groups of enhancers and identifies potential regulatory partners of PGR outside its occupying sites. Finally, conserved correlations are found between estimated PGR activities and RNA abundance of downstream muscle and matrix genes in human myometrial tissues. In summary, PGR is pivotal to direct the molecular program for the uterus to remodel and support pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Zheng-Chen Yao
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary C Peavey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lecong Zhou
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Irina V Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Nadeev AP, Madonov PG, Porotnikova EV, Koshlich KA, Kuznetsov AV, Ovsyanko EV, Kostina LY, Yakuba DY. Postpartum Involution of Mouse Myometrium in Acute CCl4-Induced Hepatosis and Its Correction with Immobilized Hyaluronidase. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:265-269. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Tal R, Kisa J, Abuwala N, Kliman HJ, Shaikh S, Chen AY, Lyu F, Taylor HS. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells contribute to remodeling of the postpartum uterus. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1489-1505. [PMID: 34224633 PMCID: PMC9313624 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial stem/progenitor cells play a role in postpartum uterine tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. While circulating bone marrow (BM)-derived cells (BMDCs) contribute to nonhematopoietic endometrial cells, the contribution of BMDCs to postpartum uterus remodeling is unknown. We investigated the contribution of BMDCs to the postpartum uterus using 5-fluorouracil-based nongonadotoxic BM transplant from green fluorescent protein (GFP) donors into wild-type C57BL/6J female mice. Flow cytometry showed an influx of GFP+ cells to the uterus immediately postpartum accounting for 28.7% of total uterine cells, followed by a rapid decrease to prepregnancy levels. The majority of uterine GFP+ cells were CD45+ leukocytes, and the proportion of nonhematopoietic CD45-GFP+ cells peaked on postpartum day (PPD) 1 (17.5%). Immunofluorescence colocalization of GFP with CD45 pan-leukocyte and F4/80 macrophage markers corroborated these findings. GFP+ cells were found mostly in subepithelial stromal location. Importantly, GFP+ cytokeratin-positive epithelial cells were found within the luminal epithelium exclusively on PPD1, demonstrating direct contribution to postpartum re-epithelialization. A subset (3.2%) of GFP+ cells were CD31+CD45- endothelial cells, and found integrated within blood vessel endothelium. Notably, BM-derived GFP+ cells demonstrated preferential proliferation (PCNA+) and apoptosis (TUNEL+) on PPD1 vs resident GFP- cells, suggesting an active role for BMDCs in rapid tissue turnover. Moreover, GFP+ cells gradually acquired cell senescence together with decreased proliferation throughout the postpartum. In conclusion, BM-derived progenitors were found to have a novel nonhematopoietic cellular contribution to postpartum uterus remodeling. This contribution may have an important functional role in physiological as well as pathological postpartum endometrial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kisa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nafeesa Abuwala
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shafiq Shaikh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alice Y Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fang Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Patterson AL, George JW, Chatterjee A, Carpenter T, Wolfrum E, Pru JK, Teixeira JM. Label-Retaining, Putative Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contribute to Murine Myometrial Repair During Uterine Involution. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1715-1728. [PMID: 30328770 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine remodeling during pregnancy is a fundamental, dynamic process required for successful propagation of eutherian species. The uterus can increase in size up to 40-fold during pregnancy, which is largely attributed to expansion of the myometrium by hyperplasia and hypertrophy. After pregnancy, the uterus repairs the remodeled or "damaged" tissue during uterine involution (INV). Little is known about this repair process, particularly the role of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize putative mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in the murine myometrium using a combination of label retention and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker expression and a pregnancy and uterine INV model. Tet-off transgenic mice with the Cre-lox system were used to specifically label mesenchymal cells (ie, myometrial and endometrial stromal cells) within the uterus while avoiding other cell types (eg, epithelial, immune, and endothelial cells) to identify slowly dividing cells and assess their stem cell qualities. We identified myometrial label-retaining cells (LRCs) that persisted for at least 3 months, expressed CD146 and CD140b (MSC markers), and proliferated at a higher rate during uterine INV compared with nonlabeled cells. The LRCs did not appear to express either estrogen receptor alpha or progesterone receptor, nor did the number of LRCs change at different estrous stages or in response to exogenous estradiol or progesterone administration, suggesting that LRCs were not involved in normal estrous cycling. The results from this study provide important insight into putative stem/progenitor cells in the myometrium and their possible role in uterine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Patterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jitu W George
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Anindita Chatterjee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Tyler Carpenter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Emily Wolfrum
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - James K Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jose M Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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9
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Zowalaty AEE, Ye X. Seipin deficiency leads to defective parturition in mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:378-386. [PMID: 29088395 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seipin is an integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein encoded by Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2/Bscl2) gene. Seipin deficiency results in lipodystrophy, diabetes, muscle hypertrophy, and male infertility in both human and mouse. Seipin function in female reproduction is unknown. Bscl2-/- dams had normal embryo implantation and body weight gain during pregnancy but reduced delivery rates from 2nd to 4th pregnancies and reduced numbers of pups delivered from 1st to 4th pregnancies. Characterization of first pregnancy revealed increased gestation period and parturition problems, including uterine prolapse, difficulty in delivery, undelivered fetuses, and undelivered tissues in Bscl2-/- females. Bscl2-/- uterine weight was comparable to control at 3 weeks old but significantly increased with myometrial hypertrophy at 10 months old. In situ hybridization revealed relatively low level of Bscl2 mRNA expression in myometrium throughout pregnancy and postpartum but high level of expression in uterine luminal epithelium, suggesting that systemic effect (e.g. elevated glucose and insulin levels) rather than local seipin-deficiency in myometrium might be a main contributing factor to myometrial hypertrophy. On near-term gestation day 18.5 (D18.5), Bscl2-/- females had normal levels of serum progesterone and 17β-estradiol, indicating functional ovary and placenta. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) staining showed minimal myometrial cell proliferation in both D18.5 Bscl2+/+ and Bscl2-/- uteri. There was strong LC3 immunostaining in Bscl2+/+ and Bscl2-/- peripartum myometrium and increased LC3 staining in Bscl2-/- peripartum uterine luminal epithelium, suggesting a potential role of seipin in regulating autophagy in uterine luminal epithelium but not myometrium. This study demonstrates an association of seipin with myometrium and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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10
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Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Uterine Myometrial Physiology and Preterm Birth. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:171-190. [PMID: 28527571 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myometrium holds the structural integrity for the uterus and generates force for parturition with its primary component, the smooth muscle cells. The progesterone receptor mediates progesterone-dependent signaling and connects to a network of pathways for regulation of contractility and inflammatory responses in myometrium. Dysfunctional progesterone signaling has been linked to pregnancy complications including preterm birth. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on modifiers and effectors of the progesterone receptor signaling. Discussions include novel conceptual discoveries and new development in legacy pathways such as the signal transducers NF-κB, ZEB, microRNA, and the unfolded protein response pathways. We also discuss the impact of progesterone receptor isoform composition and ligand accessibility in modification of the progesterone receptor genomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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