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Subedi S, Isler B, Ezure Y, Furuya-Kanamori L, Eriksson L, Paterson DL, Harris PN. Performance characteristics of genus or species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the microbial diagnosis of joint infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116422. [PMID: 38981176 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Joint infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis enables prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical treatment. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of genus- or species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosing joint infections. The literature databases were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2022. The meta-analysis using the split component synthesis (SCS) method, included 20 studies with 2,457 adult participants. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and AUC of PCR were 49 % (95 % CI [37.9-60.2]), 95.7 % (95 % CI [91.6-97.8]), 21.32, and 0.82 respectively. Sensitivity was highest for sonicate fluid and lowest for periprosthetic tissue. The mean turnaround time to results was 4.7 hours (SD 1.1). PCR is a favourable option for diagnosing joint infections due to its rapid results, but it has low sensitivity. To enhance diagnostic yield, the test should be used in conjunction with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Subedi
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Burcu Isler
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; Infection Management Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yukiko Ezure
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Herston Health Sciences Library, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; ADVANCE-ID, Singapore
| | - Patrick Na Harris
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia; Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Silveira-Freitas JEP, Campagnolo ML, dos Santos Cortez M, de Melo FF, Zarpelon-Schutz AC, Teixeira KN. Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia. World J Virol 2024; 13:89985. [PMID: 38984075 PMCID: PMC11229846 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years. The clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other arboviruses. Generally, fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels, followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia, as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash, varying in severity and extent. Around 40% to 60% of affected individuals report persistent arthralgia, which can last from months to years. The symptoms of CF mainly represent the tissue tropism of the virus rather than the immunopathogenesis triggered by the host's immune system. The main mechanisms associated with arthralgia have been linked to an increase in T helper type 17 cells and a consequent increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand and bone resorption. This review suggests that persistent arthralgia results from the presence of viral antigens post-infection and the constant activation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 in synovial macrophages, leading to local infiltration of CD4+ T cells, which sustains the inflammatory process in the joints through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The term "long chikungunya" was used in this review to refer to persistent arthralgia since, due to its manifestation over long periods after the end of the viral infection, this clinical condition seems to be characterized more as a sequel than as a symptom, given that there is no active infection involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná-Setor Palotina, Paraná 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Kádima Nayara Teixeira
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná-Setor Palotina, Paraná 85950-000, Brazil
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3
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Liao X, Xin J, Yu Z, Yan W, Li C, Cao L, Zhang H, Wang W. Unlocking the antiviral potential of rosmarinic acid against chikungunya virus via IL-17 signaling pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1396279. [PMID: 38800832 PMCID: PMC11127627 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1396279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family and is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes acute infection characterized by fever, headache, and arthralgia. Some patients also experience persistent chronic osteoarthritis-like symptoms. Dedicated antiviral treatments are currently unavailable for CHIKV. This study aims to explore the potential anti-CHIKV effect of rosmarinic acid using network pharmacology. Methods This study employed network pharmacology to predict and verify the molecular targets and pathways associated with ROSA in the context of CHIKV. The analysis outcomes were further validated using molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Results The analysis of CHIKV targets using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and MCODE identified IL-17 as an important pathogenic pathway in CHIKV infection. Among the 30 targets of ROSA against CHIKV, nearly half were found to be involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway. This suggests that ROSA may help the host in resisting CHIKV invasion by modulating this pathway. Molecular docking validation results showed that ROSA can stably bind to 10 core targets out of the 30 identified targets. In an in vitro CHIKV infection model developed using 293T cells, treatment with 60 μM ROSA significantly improved the survival rate of infected cells, inhibited 50% CHIKV proliferation after CHIKV infection, and reduced the expression of TNF-α in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides the first confirmation of the efficacy of ROSA in suppressing CHIKV infection through the IL-17 signaling pathway. The findings warrant further investigation to facilitate the development of ROSA as a potential treatment for CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Liao
- Wenzhou Polytechnic, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziping Yu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Marques RE, Shimizu JF, Nogueira ML, Vasilakis N. Current challenges in the discovery of treatments against Mayaro fever. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:345-356. [PMID: 38714500 PMCID: PMC11189740 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2351504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mayaro fever is an emerging viral disease that manifests as an acute febrile illness. The disease is self-limiting, however joint pain can persist for months leading to chronic arthralgia. There is no specific treatment available, which ultimately leads to socioeconomic losses in populations at risk as well as strains to the public health systems. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the candidate treatments proposed for Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection and disease, including antiviral compounds targeting viral or host mechanisms, and pathways involved in disease development and pathogenicity. We assessed compound screening technologies and experimental infection models used in these studies and indicated the advantages and limitations of available technologies and intended therapeutic strategies. EXPERT OPINION Although several compounds have been suggested as candidate treatments against MAYV infection, notably those with antiviral activity, most compounds were assessed only in vitro. Compounds rarely progress toin vivo or preclinical studies, and such difficulty may be associated with limited experimental models. MAYV biology is largely inferred from related alphaviruses and reflected by few studies focusing on target proteins or mechanisms of action for MAYV. Therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic inflammatory responses have shown potential against MAYV-induced disease in vivo, which might reduce long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – LNBio, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials – CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – LNBio, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials – CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Inban P, Chandrasekaran SH, Yadav PK, Vijayakumar R, Elavia Z, Singh M. A rare case of chikungunya encephalitis and its management: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8656. [PMID: 38476832 PMCID: PMC10927602 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Chikungunya encephalitis, though rare, warrants clinical attention due to its severe complications. Early identification and appropriate management are crucial for improved outcomes in patients with this rare manifestation of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Abstract CHIKV infection is commonly associated with fever and joint pains, but neurological complications such as encephalitis are rare. Here, we present a unique case of confirmed chikungunya encephalitis in a 12-year-old male exhibiting atypical neurological symptoms. The diagnostic journey involved comprehensive neuroimaging and serological investigations, revealing intriguing findings on magnetic resonance imaging and positive CHIKV RNA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. We discuss the clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and management strategies, emphasizing the importance of recognizing this uncommon neurological manifestation of CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhendi Inban
- Department of MedicineGovernment Medical College OmandurarChennaiIndia
| | | | | | | | - Zenia Elavia
- Department of MedicineNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria
| | - Mansi Singh
- Department of MedicineBogomolets National Medical UniversityKyivUkraine
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Wang M, Wang L, Leng P, Guo J, Zhou H. Drugs targeting structural and nonstructural proteins of the chikungunya virus: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129949. [PMID: 38311132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single positive-stranded RNA virus of the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus, with a typical lipid bilayer envelope structure, and is the causative agent of human chikungunya fever (CHIKF). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the first chikungunya vaccine, Ixchiq; however, vaccination rates are low, and CHIKF is prevalent owing to its periodic outbreaks. Thus, developing effective anti-CHIKV drugs in clinical settings is imperative. Viral proteins encoded by the CHIKV genome play vital roles in all stages of infection, and developing therapeutic agents that target these CHIKV proteins is an effective strategy to improve CHIKF treatment efficacy and reduce mortality rates. Therefore, in the present review article, we aimed to investigate the basic structure, function, and replication cycle of CHIKV and comprehensively outline the current status and future advancements in anti-CHIKV drug development, specifically targeting nonstructural (ns) proteins, including nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4 and structural proteins such as capsid (C), E3, E2, 6K, and E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Sant'Anna MB, Kimura LF, Vieira WF, Zambelli VO, Novaes LS, Hösch NG, Picolo G. Environmental factors and their impact on chronic pain development and maintenance. Phys Life Rev 2024; 48:176-197. [PMID: 38320380 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
It is more than recognized and accepted that the environment affects the physiological responses of all living things, from bacteria to superior vertebrates, constituting an important factor in the evolution of all species. Environmental influences range from natural processes such as sunlight, seasons of the year, and rest to complex processes like stress and other mood disorders, infections, and air pollution, being all of them influenced by how each creature deals with them. In this chapter, it will be discussed how some of the environmental elements affect directly or indirectly neuropathic pain, a type of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. For that, it was considered the edge of knowledge in translational research, thus including data from human and experimental animals as well as the applicability of such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Faggionato Kimura
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Santana Novaes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gupta A, Patra P. Approach to Musculoskeletal Pain in Children. Indian J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s12098-023-04884-3. [PMID: 37863870 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a common pediatric problem and can occur due to many etiologies. A pediatrician should be clinically equipped to identify the cause of musculoskeletal pain by a meticulous history, a detailed physical examination and judicious use of appropriate investigations. In this review, the authors attempt to delineate the approach and discuss a few common causes of musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Pratap Patra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Goyal S, Singh M, Thirumal D, Sharma P, Mujwar S, Mishra KK, Singh TG, Singh R, Singh V, Singh T, Ahmad SF. In Silico Approaches to Developing Novel Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2784. [PMID: 37893156 PMCID: PMC10604233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by plaque agglomeration and entanglement in several areas of the neural cells, which leads to apoptosis. The main etiology of AD is senile dementia, which is linked to amyloid-beta (Aβ) deregulation and tau perivascular pathogeny. Hyperphosphorylated tau has a propensity for microtubules, which elevate the instability and tau-protein congregates, leading to accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau hyperphosphorylation is susceptible to GSK-3, which has led to an emerging hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of AD. Accordingly, attempts have been made to conduct investigations and achieve further advancements on new analogues capable of inhibiting the GSK-3 protein, which are currently in the clinical trials. In this analysis, we have evaluated certain GSK-3 inhibitor variants utilising scaffolding and framework devised techniques with pharmacological characteristics, accompanied by computational screenings (pharmacokinetics and docking). The structure-based designed analogues interacted effectively with the active amino acids of GSK-3β target protein. The in silico pharmacokinetic studies revealed their drug-like properties. The analogues with best interactions and binding scores will be considered in the future to completely demonstrate their potential relevance as viable GSK-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Goyal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Divya Thirumal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Krishna Kumar Mishra
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India;
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India;
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang L, Sanon A, Khoiriyah Z, Verwimp S, Abdelnabi R, Delang L. Tarsal exposure to atovaquone inhibits chikungunya virus transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but not the transmission of Zika virus. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105694. [PMID: 37532005 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The antimalarial drug atovaquone was recently reported to inhibit the in vitro replication of different arboviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Furthermore, atovaquone was shown to block Plasmodium parasite transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes when the mosquitoes were exposed to low concentrations on treated surfaces (i.e. tarsal exposure). Therefore, we evaluated the anti-CHIKV and -ZIKV effects of atovaquone via tarsal exposure in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We first confirmed that atovaquone exerted a dose-dependent antiviral effect on CHIKV and ZIKV replication in mosquito-derived cells. The modest antiviral effect could be rescued by adding exogenous uridine. Next, we assessed the effect of tarsal exposure to atovaquone on the fitness of Ae. aegypti. Concentrations up to 100 μmol/m2 did not affect the fecundity and egg-hatching rate. No significant effect on mosquito survival was observed when mosquitoes were exposed to concentrations up to 25 μmol/m2. To evaluate the antiviral effect of atovaquone against CHIKV, we exposed female mosquitoes to 100 μmol/m2 atovaquone for 1h, after which the mosquitoes were immediately infected with CHIKV or ZIKV via bloodmeal. Atovaquone did not significantly reduce ZIKV or CHIKV infection in Ae. aegypti, but successfully blocked the transmission of CHIKV in saliva. Tarsal exposure to antiviral drugs could therefore be a potential new strategy to reduce virus transmission by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjiao Wang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aboubakar Sanon
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Zakiyatul Khoiriyah
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sam Verwimp
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Grabenstein JD, Tomar AS. Global geotemporal distribution of chikungunya disease, 2011-2022. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 54:102603. [PMID: 37307983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Humans serve as the primary reservoir. Chikungunya infections typically appear with an abrupt onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain. Some 40% of cases develop chronic rheumatologic complications that can persist months to years. OBJECTIVES To improve precision of risk characterization by analyzing cases of chikungunya by year and by country and depicting this geotemporal distribution in map form. METHOD Chikungunya case counts by year were compiled from national or regional health authorities from 2011 to 2022. These data were augmented by published reviews plus the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED). Country-level distribution was categorized into four groups based on recency and magnitude. Data for India were mapped on a per-state basis. RESULTS The global map depicts distribution of chikungunya disease from 2011 through 2022. Most cases are reported in tropical and subtropical areas, but notable exceptions include the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Countries of high recency and frequency include India, Brazil, Sudan, and Thailand. Countries with high frequency, but few cases reported in 2019-22 include many Latin American and Caribbean countries. Subnational foci are discussed in general and mapped for India. The range of Aedes mosquitoes is broader than the geography where chikungunya infection is typically diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS These maps help identify geographical regions where residents or travelers are at greatest risk of chikungunya. Once vaccines are licensed to help prevent chikungunya, maps like these can help guide future vaccine decision-making.
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Costa LB, Barreto FKDA, Barreto MCA, Santos THPD, Andrade MDMOD, Farias LABG, Freitas ARRD, Martinez MJ, Cavalcanti LPDG. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Chikungunya: A Systematic Literature Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:301. [PMID: 37368719 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging viral infection endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. While the typical clinical presentation is an acute febrile syndrome, long-term articular complications and even death can occur. This review characterizes the global epidemiological and economic burden of chikungunya. The search included studies published from 2007 to 2022 in MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO for a thorough evaluation of the literature. Rayyan software was used for data analysis, and data were summarized descriptively and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventy-six publications were included. Chikungunya is widely distributed in the tropics, including Africa, Asia, South America, and Oceania/the Pacific Islands, and co-circulates with other simultaneous arboviruses such as DENV, ZIKV, and YFV. Chikungunya infection can lead to chronic articular manifestations with a significant impact on the quality of life in the long term. In addition, it generates absenteeism and economic and social losses and can cause fatal infections in vulnerable populations, mainly in high-risk patients with co-morbidities and at the extremes of age. Reported costs associated with CHIKV diseases are substantial and vary by region, age group, and public/private delivery of healthcare services. The chikungunya disease burden includes chronicity, severe infections, increased hospitalization risks, and associated mortality. The disease can impact the economy in several spheres, significantly affecting the health system and national economies. Understanding and measuring the full impact of this re-emerging disease is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourrany Borges Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Ceara 60020-181, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Ceara 60811-905, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias
- Hospital São Jose de Doenças Infecciosas, Ceara 60455-610, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Ceara 60192-345, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Julian Martinez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Ceara 60020-181, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Ceara 60192-345, Brazil
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13
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Bartholomeeusen K, Daniel M, LaBeaud DA, Gasque P, Peeling RW, Stephenson KE, Ng LFP, Ariën KK. Chikungunya fever. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37024497 PMCID: PMC11126297 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is widespread throughout the tropics, where it causes recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya fever. In recent years, outbreaks have afflicted populations in East and Central Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. The virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Chikungunya fever is characterized by severe arthralgia and myalgia that can persist for years and have considerable detrimental effects on health, quality of life and economic productivity. The effects of climate change as well as increased globalization of commerce and travel have led to growth of the habitat of Aedes mosquitoes. As a result, increasing numbers of people will be at risk of chikungunya fever in the coming years. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments and with vaccines still in development, surveillance and vector control are essential to suppress re-emergence and epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Médecine d'Urgences-SAMU-SMUR, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Desiree A LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale Océan Indien LICE-OI, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rosanna W Peeling
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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14
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Liu J, Lu X, Li X, Huang W, Fang E, Li W, Liu X, Liu M, Li J, Li M, Zhang Z, Song H, Ying B, Li Y. Construction and immunogenicity of an mRNA vaccine against chikungunya virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129118. [PMID: 37006310 PMCID: PMC10050897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) has spread to more than 100 countries worldwide, with frequent outbreaks in Europe and the Americas in recent years. Despite the relatively low lethality of infection, patients can suffer from long-term sequelae. Until now, no available vaccines have been approved for use; however, increasing attention is being paid to the development of vaccines against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and the World Health Organization has included vaccine development in the initial blueprint deliverables. Here, we developed an mRNA vaccine using the nucleotide sequence encoding structural proteins of CHIKV. And immunogenicity was evaluated by neutralization assay, Enzyme-linked immunospot assay and Intracellular cytokine staining. The results showed that the encoded proteins elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody titers and T cell-mediated cellular immune responses in mice. Moreover, compared with the wild-type vaccine, the codon-optimized vaccine elicited robust CD8+ T-cell responses and mild neutralizing antibody titers. In addition, higher levels of neutralizing antibody titers and T-cell immune responses were obtained using a homologous booster mRNA vaccine regimen of three different homologous or heterologous booster immunization strategies. Thus, this study provides assessment data to develop vaccine candidates and explore the effectiveness of the prime-boost approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xishan Lu
- Department of Preclinical Vaccine Research, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Enyue Fang
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Liu
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zelun Zhang
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Department of Preclinical Vaccine Research, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Ying
- Department of Preclinical Vaccine Research, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhua Li, ; Bo Ying,
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhua Li, ; Bo Ying,
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15
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Mayer AB, Consigny PH, Grobusch MP, Camprubí-Ferrer D, Huits R, Rothe C. Chikungunya in returning travellers from Bali - A GeoSentinel case series. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 52:102543. [PMID: 36682574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Britta Mayer
- LMU Hospital Centre, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany.
| | - Paul-Henri Consigny
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ralph Huits
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Rothe
- LMU Hospital Centre, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany
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16
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Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Barr KL. Development and Application of Treatment for Chikungunya Fever. Res Rep Trop Med 2022; 13:55-66. [PMID: 36561535 PMCID: PMC9767026 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s370046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of treatment for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) remains complicated as there is no current standard treatment and many barriers to research exist. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes serious global health implications due to its socioeconomic impact and high morbidity rates. In research, treatment through natural and pharmaceutical techniques is being evaluated for their efficacy and effectiveness. Natural treatment options, such as homeopathy and physiotherapy, give patients a variety of options for how to best manage acute and chronic symptoms. Some of the most used pharmaceutical therapies for CHIKV include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), methotrexate (MTX), chloroquine, and ribavirin. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for chikungunya, but vaccine development is crucial for this virus. Potential treatments need further research until they can become a standard part of treatment. The barriers to research for this complicated virus create challenges in the efficacy and equitability of its research. The rising need for increased research to fully understand chikungunya in order to develop more effective treatment options is vital in protecting endemic populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Millsapps
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emma C Underwood
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelli L Barr
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Correspondence: Kelli L Barr, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd. Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA, Tel +1 813 974 4480, Fax +1 813 974 4962, Email
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17
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Bishop CR, Caten FT, Nakaya HI, Suhrbier A. Chikungunya patient transcriptional signatures faithfully recapitulated in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1092370. [PMID: 36578476 PMCID: PMC9791225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An adult wild-type C57BL/6J mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and disease has been extensively used to study the alphaviral arthritic immunopathology and to evaluate new interventions. How well mouse models recapitulate the gene expression profiles seen in humans remains controversial. Methods Herein we perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-Seq datasets from the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model with datasets obtained from adults and children acutely infected with CHIKV. Results Despite sampling quite different tissues, peripheral blood from humans and feet from mice, gene expression profiles were quite similar, with an overlap of up to ≈50% for up-regulated single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, high levels of significant concordance between mouse and human were seen for immune pathways and signatures, which were dominated by interferons, T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Importantly, predicted responses to a series of anti-inflammatory drug and biologic treatments also showed cogent similarities between species. Discussion Comparative transcriptomics and subsequent pathway analysis provides a detailed picture of how a given model recapitulates human gene expression. Using this method, we show that the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model provides a reliable and representative system in which to study CHIKV immunopathology and evaluate new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bishop
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Global Virus Network (GVN) Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
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18
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Role of Arbovirus Infection in Arthritogenic Pain Manifestation—A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7110390. [DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these outcomes. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the findings of patients to understand their prognosis and to explore therapeutic options. Here, we searched the Cochrane, BVS, PubMed, and Scielo databases using the keywords “arthritis”, “pain”, “arbovirus”, “disease”, “arthritogenic”, and “arthralgia” during the 2000 to 2022 period. Descriptive analyses were conducted to understand the association between CHIKV infection and arthritogenic pain. The present study shows the persistence of acute phase signals for months, making the chronic phase still marked by the presence of arthralgia, often disabling under stimuli, such as temperature variation. CHIKV infection appears to be remarkably similar to rheumatoid arthritis, since both diseases share common symptoms. Once diagnosed, patients are mostly treated with analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). As there are no prophylactic measures or specific treatments for arboviruses, this study gathered information on the development and manifestations of arthritogenic pain.
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19
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Chirathaworn C, Chansaenroj J, Chaisuriyong W, Lertmaharit S, Poovorawan Y. IL-1Ra and sVCAM-1 in Chikungunya virus infection. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106548. [PMID: 35667454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mediators involving in inflammation induction and regulation have been investigated as biomarkers for severe joint pain induced by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. In this report, observational study was conducted to determine levels of an antagonist of interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1Ra) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in CHIKV patients with different disease severity. CHIKV infection patients presented without (n = 199) and with joint pain (n = 262) were included. IL-1Ra and sVCAM-1 levels in patient sera were determined. Levels of sVCAM-1 were strongly and significantly higher in the group of patients with joint pain than in the group without joint pain (p< 0.0001). The levels of both IL-1Ra and sVCAM-1 were not significantly increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Somrat Lertmaharit
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Hopkins HK, Traverse EM, Barr KL. Chikungunya Encephalitis: an Inconsistently Reported Headache and Cause of Death in Patients with Pre-Existing Conditions. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus of the family Togaviridae with outbreaks occurring across Africa, Asia, parts of Europe, and South and Central America. There are three main lineages of CHIKV, including the West African lineage, the East Central South African (ECSA) lineage, and the Asian lineage. While CHIKV infection usually results in a self-limited febrile illness, there have been reports of concerning neurological manifestations, including encephalitis. Herein we discuss findings of over 700 cases of CHIKV encephalitis and risk factors for death. Additionally, we examined the genotypes of CHIKV associated with encephalitis and found that both the Asian and ECSA lineages were responsible for encephalitis but not the West African lineage. Protein analysis of consensus sequences of CHIKV strains associated with encephalitis identified mutations in the nsP1, nsP2, and nsP3 proteins. Reports and manuscripts of CHIKV encephalitis were inconsistent in reporting viral, demographic, and clinical features which complicated the delineation of risk factors associated with the disease and viral evolution. As climate change contributes to the range expansion of natural vectors, it is important for researchers and clinicians to consistently report patient and viral data to facilitate research and countermeasures for the ecology and epidemiology of CHIKV due to the lack of a targeted treatment or vaccine.
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21
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Niederfahrenhorst A, Rothe C. [Important arboviral diseases in returning travelers: dengue, chikungunya and zika]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 147:755-767. [PMID: 35672023 DOI: 10.1055/a-1661-3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arboviral infections are an important differential diagnosis in returning travelers with fever, muscle or joint pain and rash. Arboviruses have spread widely around the globe in the last decades. The most common arboviral infections in returning travelers from tropical and subtropical areas are dengue, chikungunya and zika. Their most important vectors, Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquito species, have adapted to the urban environment, which enabled arboviruses to establish urban transmission cycles. Population growth, urbanization, globalization, modern means of transportation and global warming are speeding up their spread.Laboratory confirmation of an arboviral infection can generally be obtained by direct virus detection (PCR, antigen test) in the first week of illness; from the second week of illness serology can be used. Treatment is mostly symptomatic.Dengue fever is the most common cause of fever in returning travelers from South-East Asia. Patients have to be educated about and observed for warning signs of severe dengue that can rarely develop around day 5 of the disease and is marked by a rise in hematocrit.Chikungunya mostly occurs in epidemics and is characterized by severe and often long-lasting arthritis.Preconceptional screening for zika virus infection is not recommended. Instead, travelers should delay conception for up to three months after returning from a zika endemic area.Dengue, chikungunya and zika vaccine development has been hampered by difficulties, for example antibody-dependent-enhancement or the unpredictability of outbreaks, and up to now no vaccines for travelers have been licensed. Yet several promising vaccine candidates are currently under development.
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22
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Tanaka A, Suzuki Y. Genome-Wide Approaches to Unravel the Host Factors Involved in Chikungunya Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866271. [PMID: 35401487 PMCID: PMC8988064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of Chikungunya fever (CHIKVF) that is often characterized by fever, headache, rash, and arthralgia, is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquito bites. Although the mortality rate associated with CHIKV infection is not very high, CHIKVF has been confirmed in more than 40 countries, not only in tropical but also in temperate areas. Therefore, CHIKV is a growing major threat to the public health of the world. However, a specific drug is not available for CHIKV infection. As demonstrated by many studies, the processes completing the replication of CHIKV are assisted by many host factors, whereas it has become clear that the host cell possesses some factors limiting the virus replication. This evidence will provide us with an important clue for the development of pharmacological treatment against CHIKVF. In this review, we briefly summarize cellular molecules participating in the CHIKV infection, particularly focusing on introducing recent genome-wide screen studies that enabled illuminating the virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Atsushi Tanaka,
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- Youichi Suzuki,
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23
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OUP accepted manuscript. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 116:889-899. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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