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Zhang T, Liu X, Rossio V, Dawson SL, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. Enhancing Proteome Coverage by Using Strong Anion-Exchange in Tandem with Basic-pH Reversed-Phase Chromatography for Sample Multiplexing-Based Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2870-2881. [PMID: 37962907 PMCID: PMC11090996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Sample multiplexing-based proteomic strategies rely on fractionation to improve proteome coverage. Tandem mass tag (TMT) experiments, for example, can currently accommodate up to 18 samples with proteins spanning several orders of magnitude, thus necessitating fractionation to achieve reasonable proteome coverage. Here, we present a simple yet effective peptide fractionation strategy that partitions a pooled TMT sample with a two-step elution using a strong anion-exchange (SAX) spin column prior to gradient-based basic pH reversed-phase (BPRP) fractionation. We highlight our strategy with a TMTpro18-plex experiment using nine diverse human cell lines in biological duplicate. We collected three data sets, one using only BPRP fractionation and two others of each SAX-partition followed by BPRP. The three data sets quantified a similar number of proteins and peptides, and the data highlight noticeable differences in the distribution of peptide charge and isoelectric point between the SAX partitions. The combined SAX partition data set contributed 10% more proteins and 20% more unique peptides that were not quantified by BPRP fractionation alone. In addition to this improved fractionation strategy, we provide an online resource of relative abundance profiles for over 11,000 proteins across the nine human cell lines, as well as two additional experiments using ovarian and pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Valentina Rossio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shane L Dawson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Rose F, Köberle B, Honnen S, Bay C, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Haefeli WE, Theile D. RNA is a pro-apoptotic target of cisplatin in cancer cell lines and C. elegans. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116450. [PMID: 38503239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin not only targets DNA but also RNA. However, it is largely unknown whether platinated RNA (Pt-RNA) causes apoptosis and thus contributes to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Consequently, cellular RNA was isolated from HepG2 and LS180 cells, exposed to cisplatin, and the resulting Pt-RNA (20 ng Pt/µg RNA) was transfected into these cancer cell lines or used to treat an apoptosis reporter Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strain (MD701, expressing CED-1::GFP). Cellular and molecular effects of Pt-RNA were evaluated by luminogenic caspase 3/7 assays, PCR array analysis, and fluorescence microscopy-based quantification of apoptosis in C. elegans gonads. Assuming RNA cross-linking (pseudo double-stranded RNA), the contribution of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3, a sensor of double-stranded RNA) to apoptosis induction in cancer cell lines was investigated by pharmacological TLR3 inhibition and overexpression. In contrast to controls, Pt-RNA significantly enhanced apoptosis in C. elegans (2-fold) and in the cancer cell lines (2-fold to 4-fold). TLR3 overexpression significantly enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of Pt-RNA in HepG2 cells. TLR3 inhibition reduced the pro-apoptotic effects of Pt-RNA and cisplatin, but not of paclitaxel (off-target control). Gene expression analysis showed that Pt-RNA (but not RNA) significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 and interleukin-8 in HepG2 cells, suggesting that Pt-RNA is a damage-associated molecular pattern that additionally causes pro-inflammatory responses. Together, this data suggests that not only DNA but also cellular RNA is a functionally relevant target of cisplatin, leading to pro-apoptotic and immunogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Rose
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Beate Köberle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20A, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Sebastian Honnen
- Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Cindy Bay
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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3
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Wu MM, Liao B, Xia IF, Luk PK, Wong KH, Kwok KW. Food emulsifiers increase toxicity of food contaminants in three human GI tract cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114499. [PMID: 38309685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Food products simultaneously containing both food contaminants and emulsifiers are common in baked products, coffee and chocolate. Little is known regarding how food contaminants and emulsifiers interact and alter toxicity. Recent studies have shown that while emulsifiers themselves have little toxicity, they could cause changes in the gut microenvironment and lead to issues such as increased uptake of allergens. This study examined toxic effect of two common process contaminants acrylamide (AA) and benzo [a]pyrene (BAP) combined with food emulsifiers polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (TW) or glycerol monostearate (G). In liver cell line HepG2 and gastrointestinal cell lines HIEC6 and Caco-2, toxicities of AA and BAP were increased by TW but not by G as indicated by decrease in IC50 values. Addition of TW also exacerbated gene expression changes caused by AA or BAP. Cellular uptake and cell membrane permeability were enhanced by TW but not by G, but tight junction proteins of Caco-2 monolayer was impacted by both emulsifiers. These results suggested that TW could increase toxicity of AA and BAP through increasing cell permeability thus chemical uptake and potentially through other interactions. The study is to draw the attention of regulators on the potential synergistic interaction of co-occurring chemicals in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mh Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Baoshan Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan Xia
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Peter Kh Luk
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Wh Kwok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Yadav V, Fuentes JL, Krishnan A, Singh N, Vohora D. Guidance for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring anti-genotoxicity. Life Sci 2024; 337:122341. [PMID: 38101613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage can occur spontaneously or be produced by the environmental genotoxins in living cells, it is important to investigate compounds that can reverse or protect DNA damage. An appropriate methodology is essential for the responsive identification of protection offered against DNA damage. This review includes information on the current state of knowledge on prokaryotic cell-based assays (SOS chromotest, umu test, vitotox assay) and cytogenetic techniques (micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration test and sister chromatid exchange assay) with an emphasis on the possibility to explore genoprotective compounds. Throughout the last decade, studies have extrapolated the scientific methodologies utilized for genotoxicity to assess genoprotective compounds. Therefore, shortcomings of genotoxicity studies are also mirrored in antigenotoxicity studies. While regulatory authorities around the world (OECD, US-EPA and ICH) continue to update diverse genotoxic assay strategies, there are still no clear guidelines/approaches for efficient experimental design to screen genoprotective compounds. As a consequence, non-synergetic and inconsistent implementation of the test method by the researchers to execute such simulations has been adopted, which inevitably results in unreliable findings. The review has made the first attempt to collect various facets of experimentally verified approaches for evaluating genoprotective compounds, as well as to acknowledge potential significance and constraints, and further focus on the assessment of end points which are required to validate such action. Henceforth, the review makes an incredible commitment by permitting readers to equate several components of their test arrangement with the provided simplified information, allowing the selection of convenient technique for the predefined compound from a central repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jorge L Fuentes
- School of Biology, Science Faculty, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Uzhytchak M, Lunova M, Smolková B, Jirsa M, Dejneka A, Lunov O. Iron oxide nanoparticles trigger endoplasmic reticulum damage in steatotic hepatic cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4250-4268. [PMID: 37560414 PMCID: PMC10408607 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are being actively researched in various biomedical applications, particularly as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for diagnosing various liver pathologies like nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Emerging evidence suggests that IONPs may exacerbate hepatic steatosis and liver injury in susceptible livers such as those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, our understanding of how IONPs may affect steatotic cells at the sub-cellular level is still fragmented. Generally, there is a lack of studies identifying the molecular mechanisms of potential toxic and/or adverse effects of IONPs on "non-heathy" in vitro models. In this study, we demonstrate that IONPs, at a dose that does not cause general toxicity in hepatic cells (Alexander and HepG2), induce significant toxicity in steatotic cells (cells loaded with non-toxic doses of palmitic acid). Mechanistically, co-treatment with PA and IONPs resulted in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, accompanied by the release of cathepsin B from lysosomes to the cytosol. The release of cathepsin B, along with ER stress, led to the activation of apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that it is necessary to consider the interaction between IONPs and the liver, especially in susceptible livers. This study provides important basic knowledge for the future optimization of IONPs as MRI contrast agents for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Uzhytchak
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18221 Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18221 Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM) Prague 14021 Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18221 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM) Prague 14021 Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18221 Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 18221 Czech Republic
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6
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Dhiman NK, Reddy MS, Agnihotri S. Graphene oxide reinforced chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial coatings on stainless steel surfaces exhibit superior bioactivity without human cell cytotoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113362. [PMID: 37257298 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study proposes an alternative therapeutics to diminish bacterial attachment in biomedical implants by modifying their surface with passive coatings. A uniform, thin-film of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (CS/PVA/GO) was coated on 316 L stainless steel (SS) surface through spread casting followed by solvent evaporation. The abundant anchoring sites available at macromolecular interfaces of chitosan/PVA matrix facilitated a smooth, dense loading of GO. The effect of GO content on physicochemical features, antibacterial potential, and biocompatibility of coatings was thoroughly studied. The hybrid films displayed good adhesion behavior, and UV-protection ability with desired mechanical and thermal stability when coated on SS surface. Coatings manifested a 1.5-1.7 fold rise in antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and exhibited a permanent biocidal response after 6 h of contact-active behaviour. We investigated a 3-fold generation of reactive oxygen species as the predominant antibacterial mechanism, which diminishes bacterial integrity by inducing protein leakage (8.5-9 fold higher) and suppressing respiratory chain activity as two secondary mechanisms. All coatings with varying GO content appeared non-haemolytic (<2%) with ultra-low cytotoxicity (<29.08%) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The degradation rate of coatings in simulated body fluid exhibited a higher stability, indicated by a lower weight loss (69-78%) and a decrease in pH values as the GO content in coatings increased from 0.05 to 0.15 wt%. Such anti-infective coating is a step forward in inhibiting bacterial colonization on SS surfaces to extend its lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - M Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Shekhar Agnihotri
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131028, India; Centre for Advanced Translational Research in Food Nano-Biotechnology (CATR-FNB), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131028, India.
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7
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Kostić-Vuković J, Kolarević S, Sunjog K, Subotić S, Višnjić-Jeftić Ž, Rašković B, Poleksić V, Vuković-Gačić B, Lenhardt M. Combined use of biomarkers to assess the impact of untreated wastewater from the Danube River, Serbia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6. [PMID: 37193873 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study a battery of bioassays, both in vivo (metals and metalloids concentrations, erythrocyte morphometry, comet assay, micronucleus assay, and histopathological analyses) on vimba bream Vimba vimba (L., 1758) and white bream Blicca bjoerkna (L., 1758), and in vitro (treatment of HepG2 cells with native water samples) was applied to assess the harmful potential of untreated wastewater. Faecal indicator bacteria were quantified to assess the microbiological water quality. Vimba bream had significantly higher Fe concentrations in both liver and muscle, while white bream had higher Ca and Cu concentrations in liver. Vimba bream had a significantly higher level of DNA damage in both liver and blood cells, in comparison to white bream. Low levels of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities were observed in both species. Erythrocytes morphometry did not show significant interspecific differences. Histopathological analyses revealed a similar response of the studied species, with a significantly higher presence of ceroid pigments in the liver of vimba bream. Treatment of HepG2 cells revealed the high genotoxic potential of water downstream of the discharge point. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of effect-based monitoring, in order to enforce more efficient management of natural resources and implementation of wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kostić-Vuković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Subotić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Animal Ecology and Zoogeography, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka Višnjić-Jeftić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Porto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kelsen A, Kent RS, Snyder AK, Wehri E, Bishop SJ, Stadler RV, Powell C, Martorelli di Genova B, Rompikuntal PK, Boulanger MJ, Warshaw DM, Westwood NJ, Schaletzky J, Ward GE. MyosinA is a druggable target in the widespread protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002110. [PMID: 37155705 PMCID: PMC10185354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that can cause severe disease in its human hosts. The ability of T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites to invade into, egress from, and move between cells of the hosts they infect is critical to parasite virulence and disease progression. An unusual and highly conserved parasite myosin motor (TgMyoA) plays a central role in T. gondii motility. The goal of this work was to determine whether the parasite's motility and lytic cycle can be disrupted through pharmacological inhibition of TgMyoA, as an approach to altering disease progression in vivo. To this end, we first sought to identify inhibitors of TgMyoA by screening a collection of 50,000 structurally diverse small molecules for inhibitors of the recombinant motor's actin-activated ATPase activity. The top hit to emerge from the screen, KNX-002, inhibited TgMyoA with little to no effect on any of the vertebrate myosins tested. KNX-002 was also active against parasites, inhibiting parasite motility and growth in culture in a dose-dependent manner. We used chemical mutagenesis, selection in KNX-002, and targeted sequencing to identify a mutation in TgMyoA (T130A) that renders the recombinant motor less sensitive to compound. Compared to wild-type parasites, parasites expressing the T130A mutation showed reduced sensitivity to KNX-002 in motility and growth assays, confirming TgMyoA as a biologically relevant target of KNX-002. Finally, we present evidence that KNX-002 can slow disease progression in mice infected with wild-type parasites, but not parasites expressing the resistance-conferring TgMyoA T130A mutation. Taken together, these data demonstrate the specificity of KNX-002 for TgMyoA, both in vitro and in vivo, and validate TgMyoA as a druggable target in infections with T. gondii. Since TgMyoA is essential for virulence, conserved in apicomplexan parasites, and distinctly different from the myosins found in humans, pharmacological inhibition of MyoA offers a promising new approach to treating the devastating diseases caused by T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kelsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Robyn S. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Anne K. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Eddie Wehri
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Bishop
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews and EaStCHEM, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V. Stadler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Cameron Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Martorelli di Genova
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Pramod K. Rompikuntal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Boulanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M. Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews and EaStCHEM, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schaletzky
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Dhara M, Al Hoque A, Sen R, Dutta D, Mukherjee B, Paul B, Laha S. Phosphorothioated amino-AS1411 aptamer functionalized stealth nanoliposome accelerates bio-therapeutic threshold of apigenin in neoplastic rat liver: a mechanistic approach. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:28. [PMID: 36694259 PMCID: PMC9875447 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death globally. Even though the progressive invention of some very potent therapeutics has been seen, the success is limited due to the chemotherapeutic resistance and recurrence in HCC. Advanced targeted treatment options like immunotherapy, molecular therapy or surface-engineered nanotherapeutics could offer the benefits here owing to drug resistance over tumor heterogenicity. We have developed tumor-sensing phosphorothioate and amino-modified aptamer (AS1411)-conjugated stealth nanoliposomes, encapsulating with apigenin for precise and significant biodistribution of apigenin into the target tumor to exploit maximum bio-therapeutic assistances. The stable aptamer functionalized PEGylated nanoliposomes (Apt-NLCs) had an average vesicle size of 100-150 nm, a smooth surface, and an intact lamellarity, as ensured by DLS, FESEM, AFM, and Cryo-TEM. This study has specified in vitro process of optimum drug (apigenin) extrusion into the cancer cells by nucleolin receptor-mediated cellular internalization when delivered through modified AS1411 functionalized PEGylated nanoliposomes and ensured irreversible DNA damage in HCC. Significant improvement in cancer cell apoptosis in animal models, due to reduced clearance and higher intratumor drug accumulation along with almost nominal toxic effect in liver, strongly supports the therapeutic potential of aptamer-conjugated PEGylated nanoliposomes compared to the nonconjugated formulations in HCC. The study has established a robust superiority of modified AS1411 functionalized PEGylated nanoliposomes as an alternative drug delivery approach with momentous reduction of HCC tumor incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ashique Al Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.,Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Brahamacharry Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Soumik Laha
- Central Instrument Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
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10
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Metwally NH, Eldaly SM. Design, Synthesis of New Pyrazoles and Chromenes as ERK‐2 Inhibitors, Apoptosis inducers and Cell cycle interrupters Based on Thiophene‐Chalcone Scaffold. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salwa Magdy Eldaly
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Cairo University POX. 12613 Giza Egypt
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11
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Xu T, Jiang Y, Hu X, Yang G, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Xie HQ, Xu L, Zhao B. Effects of the emerging contaminant 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole on the NF-κB and correlated mechanism in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114199. [PMID: 36274317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
1,3,6,8-Tetrabromocarbazole (1368-BCZ) is identified as an emerging contaminant that exerts angiogenic effects. Multiple studies indicated there was a positive correlation between angiogenesis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. While the role of NF-κB in inflammation and apoptosis has been well known, the potential biological effects of 1368-BCZ on NF-κB signaling and related mechanism remain unclear. We, therefore, explored the possible effects of 1368-BCZ on the NF-κB pathway at the gene and protein levels and confirmed that NF-κB activation by 1368-BCZ exposure caused an augmented phosphorylated protein level, induction of NF-κB response element (κBRE)-driven luciferase activity and upregulation of transcriptional level of downstream responsive genes. Although 1368-BCZ did not produce detectable changes in hepatic fibrosis in vivo, it obviously altered the apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis was confirmed by the increased cleaved caspase-3 level. These data revealed the activating effects of 1368-BCZ on NF-κB and its involvement in the underlying mechanisms, providing additional information for toxicology studies of emerging contaminants and introducing a mechanism-based toxicological evaluation of emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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12
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Wang SX, Yan JS, Chan YS. Advancements in MAFLD Modeling with Human Cell and Organoid Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11850. [PMID: 36233151 PMCID: PMC9569457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases and has no approved therapeutics. The high failure rates witnessed in late-phase MAFLD drug trials reflect the complexity of the disease, and how the disease develops and progresses remains to be fully understood. In vitro, human disease models play a pivotal role in mechanistic studies to unravel novel disease drivers and in drug testing studies to evaluate human-specific responses. This review focuses on MAFLD disease modeling using human cell and organoid models. The spectrum of patient-derived primary cells and immortalized cell lines employed to model various liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell types essential for MAFLD development and progression is discussed. Diverse forms of cell culture platforms utilized to recapitulate tissue-level pathophysiology in different stages of the disease are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiang Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Ji-Song Yan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yun-Shen Chan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
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13
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Smith CR, Aranda R, Christensen JG, Engstrom LD, Gunn RJ, Ivetac A, Ketcham JM, Kuehler J, David Lawson J, Marx MA, Olson P, Thomas NC, Wang X, Waters LM, Kulyk S. Design and evaluation of achiral, non-atropisomeric 4-(aminomethyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives as novel PRMT5/MTA inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 71:116947. [PMID: 35926325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MRTX1719 is an inhibitor of the PRMT5/MTA complex and recently entered clinical trials for the treatment of MTAP-deleted cancers. MRTX1719 is a class 3 atropisomeric compound that requires a chiral synthesis or a chiral separation step in its preparation. Here, we report the SAR and medicinal chemistry design strategy, supported by structural insights from X-ray crystallography, to discover a class 1 atropisomeric compound from the same series that does not require a chiral synthesis or a chiral separation step in its preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Aranda
- Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | | | | | - Robin J Gunn
- Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | | | | | - Jon Kuehler
- Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | | | - Xiaolun Wang
- Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | | | - Svitlana Kulyk
- Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
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14
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Cytotoxic activity of strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo L.) honey, its extract, and homogentisic acid on CAL 27, HepG2, and Caco-2 cell lines. ARHIV ZA HIGIJENU RADA I TOKSIKOLOGIJU 2022; 73:158-168. [PMID: 35792769 PMCID: PMC9287835 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey (STH), also known as “bitter honey”, is a traditional medicine widely used in the Mediterranean area. Regardless of geographical origin, it usually has a very high content of phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant capacity. Yet, little is still known about the effects of STH, its phenolic extract (STHE), and its main bioactive compound – homogentisic acid (HGA) – at the cell level. The aim of this study was to estimate total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of STH made in Croatia and investigate cytotoxic and pro-oxidative effects of STH, STHE and HGA on three human cell lines: tongue squamous cell carcinoma (CAL 27), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) cells. These substances were tested at four concentrations (0.5–5× average human daily intake of STH) and over 30 min and 1 and 2 h. Croatian STH had a total phenolic content of 1.67 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg of honey, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 2.96 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) per kg of honey, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 13.5 mmol Fe2+ per kg of honey. Our results show no clear and consistent time- or concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in any of the cell lines. ROS levels in all the three cell types at almost all exposure times were not significantly higher than control. The most important observation is that the tested substances have low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, regardless of concentration, which is a good starting point for further research of their biological effects in other models.
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15
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Polez RT, Morits M, Jonkergouw C, Phiri J, Valle-Delgado JJ, Linder MB, Maloney T, Rojas OJ, Österberg M. Biological activity of multicomponent bio-hydrogels loaded with tragacanth gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:691-704. [PMID: 35777518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Producing hydrogels capable of mimicking the biomechanics of soft tissue remains a challenge. We explore the potential of plant-based hydrogels as polysaccharide tragacanth gum and antioxidant lignin nanoparticles in bioactive multicomponent hydrogels for tissue engineering. These natural components are combined with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils, a material with known shear thinning behavior. Hydrogels presented tragacanth gum (TG) concentration-dependent rheological properties suitable for extrusion 3D printing. TG enhanced the swelling capacity up to 645 % and the degradation rate up to 1.3 %/day for hydrogels containing 75 % of TG. Young's moduli of the hydrogels varied from 5.0 to 11.6 kPa and were comparable to soft tissues like skin and muscle. In vitro cell viability assays revealed that the scaffolds were non-toxic and promoted proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Therefore, the plant-based hydrogels designed in this work have a significant potential for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Teixeira Polez
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Morits
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Christopher Jonkergouw
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Thaddeus Maloney
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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16
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Liang J, Gu L, Liu X, Yan X, Bi X, Fan X, Zhou J, Lu S, Luo L, Yin Z. L-theanine prevents progression of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolic pathways via the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35428314 PMCID: PMC9013079 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-theanine, a non-protein amino acid was found principally in the green tea, has been previously shown to exhibit potent anti-obesity property and hepatoprotective effect. Herein, we investigated the effects of L-theanine on alleviating nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods In vitro, HepG2 and AML12 cells were treated with 500 μM oleic acid (OA) or treated with OA accompanied by L-theanine. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal control diet (NCD), high‐fat diet (HFD), or HFD along with L-theanine for 16 weeks. The levels of triglycerides (TG), accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression of genes related to hepatocyte lipid metabolic pathways were detected in vitro and in vivo. Results Our data indicated that, in vivo, L-theanine significantly reduced body weight, hepatic steatosis, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), TG and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. In vitro, L-theanine also significantly alleviated OA induced hepatocytes steatosis. Mechanic studies showed that L-theanine significantly inhibited the nucleus translocation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) through AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the reduction of fatty acid synthesis. We also identified that L-theanine enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 A (CPT1A) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, our study indicated that L-theanine can active AMPK through its upstream kinase Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ). Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggested that L-theanine alleviates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolic pathways via the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00664-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Okpareke OC, Henderson W, Akkoç S, Coban B. Platinum(II), palladium(II), and nickel(II) complexes of bisthiourea ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Wu Y, Wei W, Luo J, Pan Y, Yang M, Hua M, Chu W, Shuang C, Li A. Comparative Toxicity Analyses from Different Endpoints: Are New Cyclic Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) More Toxic than Common Aliphatic DBPs? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:194-207. [PMID: 34935353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, dozens of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with cyclic structures were identified and detected in drinking water globally. Previous in vivo toxicity studies have shown that a few new cyclic DBPs possessed higher developmental toxicity and growth inhibition rate than common aliphatic DBPs; however, in vitro toxicity studies have proved that the latter exhibited higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the former. Thus, to provide a more comprehensive toxicity comparison of DBPs from different endpoints, 11 groups of cyclic DBPs and nine groups of aliphatic DBPs were evaluated for their comparative in vitro and in vivo toxicity using human hepatoma cells (Hep G2) and zebrafish embryos. Notably, results showed that the in vitro Hep G2 cytotoxicity index of the aliphatic DBPs was nearly eight times higher than that of the cyclic DBPs, whereas the in vivo zebrafish embryo developmental/acute toxicity indexes of the cyclic DBPs were roughly 48-50 times higher than those of the aliphatic DBPs, indicating that the toxicity rank order differed when different endpoints were applied. For a broader comparison, a Pearson correlation analysis of DBP toxicity data from nine different endpoints was conducted. It was found that the observed Hep G2 cytotoxicity and zebrafish embryo developmental/acute toxicity in this study were highly correlated with the previously reported in vitro CHO cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity in aquatic organisms (P < 0.01), respectively. However, the observed in vitro toxicity had no correlation with the in vivo toxicity (P > 0.05), suggesting that the toxicity rank orders obtained from in vitro and in vivo bioassays had large discrepancies. According to the observed toxicity data in this study and the candidate descriptors, two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were established, which help to further interpret the toxicity mechanisms of DBPs from different endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chendong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Rong X, Jiang Y, Li F, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhao S, Guan X, Li D. Close association between the synergistic toxicity of zearalenone-deoxynivalenol combination and microRNA221-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in HepG2 cells. Toxicology 2022; 468:153104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Peñas-Fuentes JL, Siles E, Rufino-Palomares EE, Pérez-Jiménez A, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Lupiáñez JA, Fuentes-Almagro C, Peragón-Sánchez J. Effects of Erythrodiol on the Antioxidant Response and Proteome of HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010073. [PMID: 35052578 PMCID: PMC8772852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrodiol (EO) is a pentacyclic triterpenic alcohol found in olive tree leaves and olive oil, and it has important effects on the health properties and quality of olive oil. In this study, we characterized the cytotoxic effects of EO on human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by studying changes in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant defense systems, and the proteome. The results reveal that EO markedly decreased HepG2 cell viability without changing ROS levels. The concentrations of glutathione and NADPH were significantly reduced, with selective changes in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Proteomic data reveal that EO led to the complete elimination or decreased abundance of 41 and 3 proteins, respectively, and the abundance of 29 proteins increased. The results of functional enrichment analysis show that important metabolic processes and the nuclear transport of mature mRNA were impaired, whereas AMP biosynthesis and cell cycle G2/M phase transition were induced. The transcription factors and miRNAs involved in this response were also identified. These potent antiproliferative effects make EO a good candidate for the further analysis of its hepatic antitumor effects in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Peñas-Fuentes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.L.P.-F.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Siles
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.L.P.-F.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.A.L.)
| | - José A. Lupiáñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain; (E.E.R.-P.); (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Carlos Fuentes-Almagro
- Proteomics Unit, Central Service of Support to Research, University of Córdoba (SCAI), 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Juan Peragón-Sánchez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.L.P.-F.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953212523; Fax: +34-953211875
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21
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3D printing and properties of cellulose nanofibrils-reinforced quince seed mucilage bio-inks. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1098-1107. [PMID: 34666132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based hydrogels have attracted great attention in biomedical fields since they are biocompatible and based on natural, sustainable, cost-effective, and widely accessible sources. Here, we introduced new viscoelastic bio-inks composed of quince seed mucilage and cellulose nanofibrils (QSM/CNF) easily extruded into 3D lattice structures through direct ink writing in ambient conditions. The QSM/CNF inks enabled precise control on printing fidelity where CNF endowed objects with shape stability after freeze-drying and with suitable porosity, water uptake capacity, and mechanical strength. The compressive and elastic moduli of samples produced at the highest CNF content were both increased by ~100% (from 5.1 ± 0.2 kPa and 32 ± 1 kPa to 10.7 ± 0.5 and 64 ± 2 kPa, respectively). These values ideally matched those reported for soft tissues; accordingly, the cell compatibility of the printed samples was evaluated against HepG2 cells (human liver cancer). The results confirmed the 3D hydrogels as being non-cytotoxic and suitable to support attachment, survival, and proliferation of the cells. All in all, the newly developed inks allowed sustainable 3D bio-hydrogels fitting the requirements as scaffolds for soft tissue engineering.
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22
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Nicolai MM, Witt B, Hartwig A, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. A fast and reliable method for monitoring genomic instability in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3417-3424. [PMID: 34458933 PMCID: PMC8448691 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genotoxic agents and their potential for genotoxic alterations in an organism is crucial for risk assessment and approval procedures of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Classically, testing strategies for DNA or chromosomal damage focus on in vitro and in vivo (mainly rodent) investigations. In cell culture systems, the alkaline unwinding (AU) assay is one of the well-established methods for detecting the percentage of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). By establishing a reliable lysis protocol, and further optimization of the AU assay for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), we provided a new tool for genotoxicity testing in the niche between in vitro and rodent experiments. The method is intended to complement existing testing strategies by a multicellular organism, which allows higher predictability of genotoxic potential compared to in vitro cell line or bacterial investigations, before utilizing in vivo (rodent) investigations. This also allows working within the 3R concept (reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments), by reducing and possibly replacing animal testing. Validation with known genotoxic agents (bleomycin (BLM) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)) proved the method to be meaningful, reproducible, and feasible for high-throughput genotoxicity testing, and especially preliminary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Marie Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, NRW, Germany
| | - Barbara Witt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Brandenburg, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, NRW, Germany. .,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
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23
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Kment M, Ernst B, Setayesh T, Ferk F, Holzmann K, Krupitza G, Knasmueller S. Micronucleus assays with the human derived liver cell line (Huh6): A promising approach to reduce the use of laboratory animals in genetic toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112355. [PMID: 34147571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate representation of enzymes which catalyze the activation/detoxification of xenobiotics in cells that are currently used in genotoxicity testing of chemicals leads to a high number of false positive results and the number of follow up studies with rodents could be reduced by use of more reliable in vitro models. We found earlier that several xenobiotic drug metabolizing enzymes are represented in the human derived liver cell line Huh6 and developed a protocol for micronucleus (MN) experiments which is in agreement with the current OECD guideline. This protocol was used to test 23 genotoxic and non-genotoxic reference chemicals; based on these results and of earlier findings (with 9 chemicals) we calculated the predictive value of the assay for the detection of genotoxic carcinogens. We found a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 94% for a total number of 32 chemicals; comparisons with results obtained with other in vitro assays show that the validity of MN tests with Huh6 is higher as that of other experimental models. These results are promising and indicate that the use of Huh6 cells in genetic toxicology may contribute to the reduction of the use of laboratory rodents; further experimental work to confirm this assumption is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kment
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Ernst
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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24
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Duarte NDAA, de Lima LE, Maraslis FT, Kundi M, Nunes EA, Barcelos GRM. Acute Toxicity and DNA Instability Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Triclosan and Phthalate DEHP, and Their Combinations, in vitro. Front Genet 2021; 12:649845. [PMID: 33959150 PMCID: PMC8093768 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products (PCP) and the di-(2-ethyl hydroxy-phthalate) (DEHP) is a chemical compound derived from phthalic acid, used in medical devices and plastic products with polyvinyl chloride (PVCs). As result of their extensive use, TCS and DEHP have been found in the environment and previous studies demonstrated the association between their exposure and toxic effects, mostly in aquatic organisms, but there is a shortage in the literature concerning the exposure of TCS and DEHP in human cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of exposure to TCS and DEHP, as well as their combinations, on biomarkers related to acute toxicity and DNA instability, in HepG2 cells, by use of cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNCyt) assay. For that, the cultures were exposed to TCS, DEHP and combinations at doses of 0.10, 1.0, and 10 μM for the period of 4 h and the parameters related to DNA damage (i.e., frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), to cell division (i.e., nuclear division index (NDI) and nuclear division cytotoxic index (NDCI) and to cell death (apoptotic and necrotic cells) were scored. Clear mutagenic effects were seen in cells treated with TCS, DEHP at doses of 1.0 and 10 μM, but no combined effects were observed when the cells were exposed to the combinations of TCS + DEHP. On the other hand, the combination of the toxicants significantly increased the frequencies of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as induced alterations of biomarkers related to cell viability (NDI and NDCI), when compared to the groups treated only with TCS or DEHP. Taken together, the results showed that TCS and DEHP are also able to induce acute toxicity and DNA damage in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindiane Eloisa de Lima
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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25
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Skaperda Z, Tekos F, Makri S, Angelakis C, Vassi E, Vardakas P, Patouna A, Terizi K, Kyriazi D, Kouretas D. A novel combined bioactivity / chemoactivity holistic approach for the evaluation of dietary supplements. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112159. [PMID: 33789120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the excessive generation of free radicals in the human body plays a major role in the pathophysiology and development of various diseases, closely associated with oxidative damage. In this frame, the consumption of antioxidant nutrients through food or dietary supplements may prevent from the harmful effects of free radicals on human cells. This work proposes a holistic approach consisting of distinct methodologies, suitable to evaluate the antioxidant and chemoprotective activity of three novel dietary supplements, each one containing active substances with complementary properties. In the first step, this approach includes in vitro studies to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the dietary supplements by measuring the parameters of free radical scavenging capacity, of reducing power activity, as well as, their ability to protect biomolecules from oxidation. Furthermore, the evaluation of their antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects is also presented. SubsequentlySub, the specific effects of the dietary supplements were examined in three cancer cell lines (HepG2, HeLa, MKN45), by measuring redox biomarkers such as glutathione, reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, using flow cytometry and spectrophotometry. Our results indicate that all the dietary supplements exhibit high antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and lipid protective activity. The most prominent result is their capability to induce oxidative damage on cancer cells via the critical decrease of the levels of their intracellular glutathione, as well as the increase of ROS and lipid peroxidation levels after the administration of non-cytotoxic concentrations. We suggest that the proposed methodology could constitute a valuable tool for the characterization of dietary supplements based on their chemical and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotiria Makri
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Angelakis
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Eleni Vassi
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Periklis Vardakas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasia Patouna
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Kallirroi Terizi
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Despina Kyriazi
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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26
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Helmer PO, Nicolai MM, Schwantes V, Bornhorst J, Hayen H. Investigation of cardiolipin oxidation products as a new endpoint for oxidative stress in C. elegans by means of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:216-224. [PMID: 33127566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of neurodegenerative and age-related diseases is a highly relevant topic in current research. Especially oxidative stress is thought to be the common underlying mechanism in diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a prominent model organism, which is often used for such investigations and has gained extensive recognition in research regarding the linkage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurodegeneration. Not only studies regarding genomics and proteomics have been increasingly conducted, also the number of studies based on the lipidome is rising. The phospholipid class of cardiolipin (CL) is a unique lipid class, which is exclusively located in mitochondria and is therefore of great relevance regarding oxidative stress and associated diseases. CL oxidation products have become a prominent marker for oxidative stress in various organisms. However, the CL distribution in the nematode C. elegans is still scarcely known on the molecular level and oxidation products have not yet been identified. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of CL distribution and the applicability of CL oxidation products as a sensitive marker for oxidative stress in C. elegans. For this reason, the CL distribution was determined by means of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry (2D-LC/HRMS). Subsequently, worms were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) in order to provoke oxidative stress and induce the artificial formation of oxidized CL. We were able to detect increasing amounts of CL oxidation products of highly unsaturated CL species in a concentration-dependent manner. This finding emphasizes the great potential of CL oxidation products as a sensitive marker substance of oxidative stress in C. elegans, which is not only directly linked to mitochondria function but also favourable to other oxidative stress markers in terms of the needed sample material, relative substance stability and specificity of the oxidation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Merle M Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR, 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Vera Schwantes
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR, 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Hartmann RW, Fahrner R, Shevshenko D, Fyrknäs M, Larsson R, Lehmann F, Odell LR. Rational Design of Azastatin as a Potential ADC Payload with Reduced Bystander Killing. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2500-2512. [PMID: 33063934 PMCID: PMC7756782 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Auristatins are a class of ultrapotent microtubule inhibitors, whose growing clinical popularity in oncology is based upon their use as payloads in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The most widely utilized auristatin, MMAE, has however been shown to cause apoptosis in non-pathological cells proximal to the tumour ("bystander killing"). Herein, we introduce azastatins, a new class of auristatin derivatives encompassing a side chain amine for antibody conjugation. The synthesis of Cbz-azastatin methyl ester, which included the C2-elongation and diastereoselective reduction of two proteinogenic amino acids as key transformations, was accomplished in 22 steps and 0.76 % overall yield. While Cbz-protected azastatin methyl ester (0.13-3.0 nM) inhibited proliferation more potently than MMAE (0.47-6.5 nM), removal of the Cbz-group yielded dramatically increased IC50 -values (9.8-170 nM). We attribute the reduced apparent cytotoxicity of the deprotected azastatin methyl esters to a lack of membrane permeability. These results clearly establish the azastatins as a novel class of cytotoxic payloads ideally suited for use in next-generation ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael W. Hartmann
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Raphael Fahrner
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Denys Shevshenko
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Mårten Fyrknäs
- Department of Medical SciencesCancer Pharmacology and Computational MedicineUppsala UniversityUniversity Hospital75185UppsalaSweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical SciencesCancer Pharmacology and Computational MedicineUppsala UniversityUniversity Hospital75185UppsalaSweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
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28
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Cox CR, Lynch S, Goldring C, Sharma P. Current Perspective: 3D Spheroid Models Utilizing Human-Based Cells for Investigating Metabolism-Dependent Drug-Induced Liver Injury. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:611913. [PMID: 35047893 PMCID: PMC8757888 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.611913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a leading cause for the withdrawal of approved drugs. This has significant financial implications for pharmaceutical companies, places increasing strain on global health services, and causes harm to patients. For these reasons, it is essential that in-vitro liver models are capable of detecting DILI-positive compounds and their underlying mechanisms, prior to their approval and administration to patients or volunteers in clinical trials. Metabolism-dependent DILI is an important mechanism of drug-induced toxicity, which often involves the CYP450 family of enzymes, and is associated with the production of a chemically reactive metabolite and/or inefficient removal and accumulation of potentially toxic compounds. Unfortunately, many of the traditional in-vitro liver models fall short of their in-vivo counterparts, failing to recapitulate the mature hepatocyte phenotype, becoming metabolically incompetent, and lacking the longevity to investigate and detect metabolism-dependent DILI and those associated with chronic and repeat dosing regimens. Nevertheless, evidence is gathering to indicate that growing cells in 3D formats can increase the complexity of these models, promoting a more mature-hepatocyte phenotype and increasing their longevity, in vitro. This review will discuss the use of 3D in vitro models, namely spheroids, organoids, and perfusion-based systems to establish suitable liver models to investigate metabolism-dependent DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christopher R. Cox
| | - Stephen Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Goldring
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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29
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Rajalekshmi R, Kaladevi Shaji A, Joseph R, Bhatt A. Scaffold for liver tissue engineering: Exploring the potential of fibrin incorporated alginate dialdehyde-gelatin hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:999-1008. [PMID: 33166555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of a tissue-engineered construct for hepatic regeneration remains a challenging task due to the lack of an optimum environment that support the growth of hepatocytes. Hydrogel systems possess many similarities with tissues and have the potential to provide the microenvironment essential for the cells to grow, proliferate, and remain functionally active. METHODS In this work, fibrin (FIB) incorporated injectable alginate dialdehyde (ADA) - gelatin (G) hydrogel was explored as a matrix for liver tissue engineering. ADA was prepared by periodate oxidation of sodium alginate. An injectable formulation of ADA-G-FIB hydrogel was prepared and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Micro-Computed Tomography. HepG2 cells were cultured on the hydrogel system; cellular growth and functions were analyzed using various functional markers. RESULTS FTIR spectra of ADA-G-FIB depicted the formation of Schiff's base at 1608.53 cm-1 with a gelation time of 3 min. ADA-G-FIB depicted a 3D surface topography with a pore size in the range of 100-200 μm. The non-cytotoxic nature of the scaffold was demonstrated using L929 cells and more than 80 % cell viability was observed. Functional analysis of cultured HepG2 cells demonstrated ICG uptake, albumin synthesis, CYP-P450 expression, and ammonia clearance. CONCLUSION ADA-G-FIB hydrogel can be used as an effective 3D scaffold system for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Rajalekshmi
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Department of Medical Device Engineering, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Anusree Kaladevi Shaji
- Division of Thrombosis Research, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Roy Joseph
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Department of Medical Device Engineering, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Anugya Bhatt
- Division of Thrombosis Research, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India.
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30
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Liu X, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. Isobaric Tag-Based Protein Profiling across Eight Human Cell Lines Using High-Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Real-Time Database Searching. Proteomics 2020; 21:e2000218. [PMID: 33015980 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A vast number of human cell lines are available for cell culture model-based studies, and as such the potential exists for discrepancies in findings due to cell line selection. To investigate this concept, the authors determine the relative protein abundance profiles of a panel of eight diverse, but commonly studied human cell lines. This panel includes HAP1, HEK293T, HeLa, HepG2, Jurkat, Panc1, SH-SY5Y, and SVGp12. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow designed to enhance quantitative accuracy while maintaining analytical depth is used. To this end, this strategy leverages TMTpro16-based sample multiplexing, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and real-time database searching. The data show that the differences in the relative protein abundance profiles reflect cell line diversity. The authors also determine several hundred proteins to be highly enriched for a given cell line, and perform gene ontology and pathway analysis on these cell line-enriched proteins. An R Shiny application is designed to query protein abundance profiles and retrieve proteins with similar patterns. The workflows used herein can be applied to additional cell lines to aid cell line selection for addressing a given scientific inquiry or for improving an experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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31
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Manivannan B, Massalha N, Halahlih F, Eltzov E, Nguyen TH, Sabbah I, Borisover M. Water toxicity evaluations: Comparing genetically modified bioluminescent bacteria and CHO cells as biomonitoring tools. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110984. [PMID: 32888605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of water for drinking and agriculture requires knowledge of its toxicity. In this study, we compared the use of genetically modified bioluminescent (GMB) bacteria whose luminescence increases in the presence of toxicants and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for the characterization of the toxicity of water samples collected from a lake and streams, hydroponic and aquaponic farms, and a wastewater treatment plant. GMB bacteria were used to probe genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species-induced effects in the whole water samples. Unlike GMB bacteria, the use of CHO cells requires XAD resin-based pre-concentration of toxic material present in water samples for the subsequent cytotoxicity assay. In addition to the examination of the toxicity of the water from the different sources, the GMB bacteria were also used to test the XAD extracts diluted to the concentrations causing 50% growth inhibition of the CHO cells. The two biomonitoring tools provided different results when they were used to test the above-mentioned diluted XAD extracts. A pre-concentration procedure based on adsorption by XAD resins with subsequent elution was not sufficient to represent the material responsible for the toxicity of the whole water samples toward the GMB bacteria. Therefore, the use of XAD resin extracts may lead to major underestimates of the toxicity of water samples. Although the toxicity findings obtained using the GMB bacteria and CHO cells may not correlate with each another, the GMB bacteria assay did provide a mechanism-specific biomonitoring tool to probe the toxicity of water samples without a need for the pre-concentration step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Manivannan
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Israel.
| | - Nedal Massalha
- The Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr, Israel; Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Fares Halahlih
- The Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Israel.
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Isam Sabbah
- The Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr, Israel; Prof. Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College, Karmiel, Israel.
| | - Mikhail Borisover
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Israel.
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32
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Tse EG, Houston SD, Williams CM, Savage GP, Rendina LM, Hallyburton I, Anderson M, Sharma R, Walker GS, Obach RS, Todd MH. Nonclassical Phenyl Bioisosteres as Effective Replacements in a Series of Novel Open-Source Antimalarials. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11585-11601. [PMID: 32678591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of one chemical motif with another that is broadly similar is a common method in medicinal chemistry to modulate the physical and biological properties of a molecule (i.e., bioisosterism). In recent years, bioisosteres such as cubane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) have been used as highly effective phenyl mimics. Herein, we show the successful incorporation of a range of phenyl bioisosteres during the open-source optimization of an antimalarial series. Cubane (19) and closo-carborane (23) analogues exhibited improved in vitro potency against Plasmodium falciparum compared to the parent phenyl compound; however, these changes resulted in a reduction in metabolic stability; unusually, enzyme-mediated oxidation was found to take place on the cubane core. A BCP analogue (22) was found to be equipotent to its parent phenyl compound and showed significantly improved metabolic properties. While these results demonstrate the utility of these atypical bioisosteres when used in a medicinal chemistry program, the search to find a suitable bioisostere may well require the preparation of many candidates, in our case, 32 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin G Tse
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sevan D Houston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- Ian Wark Laboratory, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Irene Hallyburton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Mark Anderson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - R Scott Obach
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
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33
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Effect of laminin, polylysine and cell medium components on the attachment of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cellulose nanofibrils analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 584:310-319. [PMID: 33069029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of in vitro cell models that mimic cell behavior in organs and tissues is an approach that may have remarkable impact on drug testing and tissue engineering applications in the future. Plant-based, chemically unmodified cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) hydrogel is a natural, abundant, and biocompatible material that has attracted great attention for biomedical applications, in particular for three-dimensional cell cultures. However, the mechanisms of cell-CNF interactions and factors that affect these interactions are not yet fully understood. In this work, multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to study how the adsorption of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells on CNF films is affected by the different proteins and components of the cell medium. Both human recombinant laminin-521 (LN-521, a natural protein of the extracellular matrix) and poly-l-lysine (PLL) adsorbed on CNF films and enhanced the attachment of HepG2 cells. Cell medium components (glucose and amino acids) and serum proteins (fetal bovine serum, FBS) also adsorbed on both bare CNF and on protein-coated CNF substrates. However, the adsorption of FBS hindered the attachment of HepG2 cells to LN-521- and PLL-coated CNF substrates, suggesting that serum proteins blocked the formation of laminin-integrin bonds and decreased favorable PLL-cell electrostatic interactions. This work sheds light on the effect of different factors on cell attachment to CNF, paving the way for the utilization and optimization of CNF-based materials for different tissue engineering applications.
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Marić JJ, Kračun-Kolarević M, Kolarević S, Sunjog K, Kostić-Vuković J, Deutschmann B, Hollert H, Tenji D, Paunović M, Vuković-Gačić B. Selection of assay, organism, and approach in biomonitoring significantly affects the evaluation of genotoxic potential in aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33903-33915. [PMID: 32535828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, few different evaluation concepts were used for the assessment of genotoxic potential at the stretch of the Danube River identified as a significant hotspot of pollution originated through the untreated wastewaters. Three sites were chosen: one site upstream of the wastewater outlet in Novi Sad (Serbia), one at the outlet of wastewaters, and one site few kilometer downstream. Ex situ approach comprised prokaryotic SOS/umuC test on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1005 and comet assay on human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). In situ approach was based on the active monitoring (cage approach) using freshwater mussels Sinanodonta woodiana and fish Cyprinus carpio. The comet and micronucleus assays were selected for evaluation of DNA damage in mussel haemocytes and fish blood cells. Within the ex situ part of the study, our results indicated that the eukaryotic model system is more sensitive compared to the prokaryotic one. In situ bioassays are recommended for obtaining a better insight into ecosystem status and in the case of our study the complete insight of genotoxic pressure. However, the choice of animals as bioindicators also has a significant impact on the quality of the obtained information. Differential response between fish and mussels was observed at the highly polluted site suggesting possible involvement of additional protective mechanism such as valve closure in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jovanović Marić
- Department for Hydroecology and Water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Department for Hydroecology and Water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Department for Hydroecology and Water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kostić-Vuković
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Björn Deutschmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analyses, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analyses, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dina Tenji
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Momir Paunović
- Department for Hydroecology and Water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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35
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Synthesis, in vitro safety and antioxidant activity of new pyrrole hydrazones. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2020; 70:303-324. [PMID: 32074071 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Six new N-pyrrolylhydrazide hydrazones were synthesized under micro synthesis conditions, assuring about 59-93 % yield, low harmful emissions and reagent economy. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by melting points, TLC characteristics, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data followed by MS data. The purity of the obtained compounds was proven by the corresponding elemental analyses. "Lipinski's rule of five" parameters were applied for preliminary evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of the target molecules. The initial in vitro safety screening for cytotoxicity (on HepG2 cells) and hemocompatibility (hemolysis assay) showed good safety of the new compounds, where ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-hydrazineyl)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-pyr-role-3-carboxylate (4d) and ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1-(2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan--2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (4a) were the least toxic. The antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging activity (DPPH test) and reducing ability (ABTS) was also evaluated. The antioxidant protective potential of the compounds was next determined in different in vitro cellular-based models, revealing compounds 4d and 3 [ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1-hydrazineyl-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate] as the most promising compounds, with 4d having better safety profile.
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Nepovimova E, Korabecny J, Hepnarova V, Jun D, Dolezal R, Muckova L, Jost P, Soukup O, Janockova J, Pham NL, Nguyen TD, Valis M, Kuca K. N-alkylated Tacrine Derivatives as Potential Agents in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:333-343. [PMID: 30873921 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190314163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the prevalence studies, the number of people suffering from dementia will almost double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050, assuming no changes in mortality, effective preventative measures, definitive diagnostic guidelines or curative treatment. From the abovementioned epidemiological data, it is obvious that dementia constitutes a major public health problem not only at present, but unfortunately also in the future. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Several N-alkylated tacrine (THA) derivatives have already been synthesized by Pomponi et al., in 1997. However, these compounds were tested for their anti-AChE activity using enzyme isolated from Electrophorus electricus. For this reason, we have decided to extend the previously reported series of THA derivatives and consequently test them in the battery of experiments, the results of which have served to more relevant evaluation of these compounds from the perspective of Alzeimer´s disease compared to that published by Pomponi. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In summary, all compounds of interest effectively inhibited ChEs in vitro. One of the most promising derivatives 8 bearing an N-octyl chain showed 2.5-fold higher AChE inhibitory activity in relation to tacrine. With respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, it can be claimed that synthesized analogues are presumably able to cross the BBB. From the point of view of hepatotoxicity, selected Nalkylated tacrine derivatives exerted worse results compared to tacrine. However, in vitro results are only illustrative, therefore, only in vivo experiments could determine the real value of selected N-alkylated THA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Intensive Medicine and Forensic Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ngoc Lam Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870/13, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Kunst RF, Niemeijer M, van der Laan LJW, Spee B, van de Graaf SFJ. From fatty hepatocytes to impaired bile flow: Matching model systems for liver biology and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114173. [PMID: 32717228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of model systems are used in hepatobiliary research. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of established and emerging models for specific research questions. We specifically discuss the value and limitations of these models for research on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), (previously named non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH)) and cholestasis-related diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The entire range of models is discussed varying from immortalized cell lines, mature or pluripotent stem cell-based models including organoids/spheroids, to animal models and human ex vivo models such as normothermic machine perfusion of livers and living liver slices. Finally, the pros and cons of each model are discussed as well as the need in the scientific community for continuous innovation in model development to better mimic the human (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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38
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Lim HB, Lee HR. Safety and biological activity evaluation of Uncaria rhynchophylla ethanolic extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:907-918. [PMID: 32693641 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1786581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and its dried hooks are usually used in traditional medicine. It is effective in treating diseases related to the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of UR extract, investigate its antimutagenic and antioxidative activities, and elucidate its active components. Extraction and fractionation of the UR extract resulted in yields of 6.71%, 0.037%, 0.042%, 0.152%, 0.332%, and 5.132%, for hexane, ether, DCM, EtOAC, and aqueous fractions, respectively. The four indole alkaloids, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of UR extract and its subfractions were measured. Alkaloid content was highest in the UR extract. TPC was the highest in the EtOAC fraction (373.7 ± 20.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), whereas TFC was the highest in the UR extract (33.5 ± 2.4 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g). To assess the safety of UR extract mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress inducibility assays were performed. The UR extract (2000 µg/plate) showed excellent antimutagenic activity (above 90%) against BaP in both TA98 and TA100 strains. The UR extract exhibited efficient DPPH (RC50 239.2 ± 16.5 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity (RC50 458.7 ± 25.0 µg/mL). The UR extract (150 µg/mL) showed cytoprotective activity (65.6% ± 9.2%) against t-BHP. Among the subfractions, the EtOAC fraction possessed the strongest activities, overall. UR generally showed excellent biological activity at nontoxic concentrations (determined in vitro in current work), although the chemical composition of UR requires further investigation prior to its potential future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Bin Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Oliver M, Kudłak B, Wieczerzak M, Reis S, Lima SAC, Segundo MA, Miró M. Ecotoxicological equilibria of triclosan in Microtox, XenoScreen YES/YAS, Caco2, HEPG2 and liposomal systems are affected by the occurrence of other pharmaceutical and personal care emerging contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137358. [PMID: 32145489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern may be considered as any chemicals or factors whose unintended continuous release and persistence in the environment may lead to any observable undesirable response of living beings. Still not much is known on reciprocal toxicological impact of given chemicals when present in binary or more complex mixtures. In this work, an attempt was thus undertaken to study the impact of butylparaben, methylparaben and diclofenac on toxicological behavior and properties of triclosan (at varying concentration levels) with respect to Microtox, XenoScreen YES/YAS, Caco-2, HEPG2, and liposomal systems. Having performed analytical and biological studies modeling was done using two modeling approaches, viz., concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) at three concentration levels of each chemical studied. The effect of the highest concentration of triclosan studied was impacted by even small amounts of methylparaben and butylparaben in Microtox while diclofenac preferably affected triclosan activity at its lowest concentration level (with CA model). Estrogenic agonistic properties of triclosan were severely impacted by both parabens in an antagonistic way; diclofenac showed in all cases underestimation or synergy at the lowest triclosan concentration studied. Estrogenic antagonistic activity of triclosan was also slightly affected by parabens and by diclofenac in binary mixtures, showing overestimation and antagonist effects. HepG2 cells appeared to be the most resistant to the toxic effect of the mixtures at the concentrations tested and no significant proof of synergy or antagonism could be detected with the MTT assay. The liposome assays on the mixtures followed the same trends obtained with the MTT assay with Caco-2 cells, confirming the validity of the in vitro model used in this research. As studies on emerging contaminants mixtures toxicity are still scarce, research presented here constitute an important part in confirming utility and versatility of emerging contaminants modeling in environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Oliver
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A C Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Gholami A, Emadi F, Nazem M, Aghayi R, Khalvati B, Amini A, Ghasemi Y. Expression of key apoptotic genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line treated with etoposide-loaded graphene oxide. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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Zhang X, Morits M, Jonkergouw C, Ora A, Valle-Delgado JJ, Farooq M, Ajdary R, Huan S, Linder M, Rojas O, Sipponen MH, Österberg M. Three-Dimensional Printed Cell Culture Model Based on Spherical Colloidal Lignin Particles and Cellulose Nanofibril-Alginate Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2020. [PMID: 31992046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1879b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an emerging technique to fabricate precise scaffolds for biomedical applications. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as a material for 3D printing because of their shear-thinning properties. Combining cellulose nanofibril hydrogels with alginate is an effective method to enable cross-linking of the printed scaffolds in the presence of Ca2+ ions. In this work, spherical colloidal lignin particles (CLPs, also known as spherical lignin nanoparticles) were used to prepare CNF-alginate-CLP nanocomposite scaffolds. High-resolution images obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that CLPs were homogeneously mixed with the CNF hydrogel. CLPs brought antioxidant properties to the CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds in a concentration-dependent manner and increased the viscosity of the hydrogels at a low shear rate, which correspondingly provide better shape fidelity and printing resolution to the scaffolds. Interestingly, the CLPs did not affect the viscosity at high shear rates, showing that the shear thinning behavior typical for CNF hydrogels was retained, enabling easy printing. The CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds demonstrated shape stability after printing, cross-linking, and storage in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer solution (DPBS +) containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, up to 7 days. The 3D-printed scaffolds showed relative rehydration ratio values above 80% after freeze-drying, demonstrating a high water-retaining capability. Cell viability tests using hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 showed no negative effect of CLPs on cell proliferation. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that HepG2 cells grew not only on the surfaces but also inside the porous scaffolds. Overall, our results demonstrate that nanocomposite CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds have high potential in soft-tissue engineering and regenerative-medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Morits
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Christopher Jonkergouw
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ari Ora
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Siqi Huan
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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42
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Zhang X, Morits M, Jonkergouw C, Ora A, Valle-Delgado JJ, Farooq M, Ajdary R, Huan S, Linder M, Rojas O, Sipponen MH, Österberg M. Three-Dimensional Printed Cell Culture Model Based on Spherical Colloidal Lignin Particles and Cellulose Nanofibril-Alginate Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1875-1885. [PMID: 31992046 PMCID: PMC7218745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an emerging technique to fabricate precise scaffolds for biomedical applications. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as a material for 3D printing because of their shear-thinning properties. Combining cellulose nanofibril hydrogels with alginate is an effective method to enable cross-linking of the printed scaffolds in the presence of Ca2+ ions. In this work, spherical colloidal lignin particles (CLPs, also known as spherical lignin nanoparticles) were used to prepare CNF-alginate-CLP nanocomposite scaffolds. High-resolution images obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that CLPs were homogeneously mixed with the CNF hydrogel. CLPs brought antioxidant properties to the CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds in a concentration-dependent manner and increased the viscosity of the hydrogels at a low shear rate, which correspondingly provide better shape fidelity and printing resolution to the scaffolds. Interestingly, the CLPs did not affect the viscosity at high shear rates, showing that the shear thinning behavior typical for CNF hydrogels was retained, enabling easy printing. The CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds demonstrated shape stability after printing, cross-linking, and storage in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer solution (DPBS +) containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, up to 7 days. The 3D-printed scaffolds showed relative rehydration ratio values above 80% after freeze-drying, demonstrating a high water-retaining capability. Cell viability tests using hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 showed no negative effect of CLPs on cell proliferation. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that HepG2 cells grew not only on the surfaces but also inside the porous scaffolds. Overall, our results demonstrate that nanocomposite CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds have high potential in soft-tissue engineering and regenerative-medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Morits
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Christopher Jonkergouw
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ari Ora
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Siqi Huan
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus Linder
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Santos JD, Vitorino I, de la Cruz M, Díaz C, Cautain B, Annang F, Pérez-Moreno G, Gonzalez I, Tormo JR, Martin J, Vicente MF, Lage OM. Diketopiperazines and other bioactive compounds from bacterial symbionts of marine sponges. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:875-887. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Maistro EL, Terrazzas PM, Perazzo FF, Gaivão IODM, Sawaya ACHF, Rosa PCP. Salix alba (white willow) medicinal plant presents genotoxic effects in human cultured leukocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 82:1223-1234. [PMID: 31906808 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1711476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salix alba (SA), commonly known as white willow, is a plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of chronic and acute inflammation, infection, pain, and fever. The phytochemical characterization of the bark extract of this plant indicated that its main component is salicin, a precursor of the anti-inflammatory agent acetylsalicylic acid. Considering the lack of studies evaluating the genetic toxicity and cytotoxic action of SA bark extract on human cells, as well as the chemical characterization of its major phenolic compounds, the present study was designed to (1) investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SA bark extract on human peripheral leukocyte cells and human hepatoma cell line HepG2, and (2) characterize its major phenolic constituents. The phenolic compounds found were salicylic acid, salicin, salidroside, saligenin, tremulodin, salicoylsalicin, salicortin, and tremulacin. The results using trypan blue staining test showed viability decreases (viability less than 70%) for concentrations of SA extract equal and higher to 200 µg/ml. Low genotoxic activity (comet assay) was exhibited for 50 and 100 µg/ml SA extract in human leukocytes. SA did not exert a marked clastogenic/aneugenic effect on leukocytes and HepG2 human cells. Data suggest that the genotoxic effects of SA bark extract occur when it is not metabolized by liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Luis Maistro
- Speech and Hearing Therapy Department, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peterson Menezes Terrazzas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Perazzo
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel O'Neill De Mascarenhas Gaivão
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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45
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Insights on the relationship between structure vs. toxicological activity of antibacterial rhodamine-labelled 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone iron(III) chelators in HepG2 cells. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:189-199. [PMID: 31736632 PMCID: PMC6853001 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the in vitro hepatotoxicity of a set of rhodamine-labelled 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones (3,4-HPO) that had previously demonstrated significant inhibitory effect in the intramacrophagic growth of Mycobacterium avium. Our aim was to establish a correspondence between the molecular structure and the in vitro toxicological activity of these compounds. The impact of a set of bidentate (MRB2, MRB7, MRB8, and MRB9) and hexadentate (MRH7, MRH8, and MRH10) chelators on cellular metabolic competence and membrane integrity was investigated in HepG2 cells. Our findings indicate that: a) hexadentate chelators are more cytotoxic than parent bidentate ligands; b) disruption of cell membrane and metabolic competence only occurred after 5 days, at the highest concentrations tested; c) strict correlation between bacteriostatic activity and in vitro toxicity was observed, which seems to be directly dependent on the size of the molecule and on the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance; d) among the set of bidentate ligands, carboxyrhodamine derivatives (amide linker) presented lower detrimental effects, when compared with rhodamine B isothiocyanate chelators (thiourea linker); e) contrarily, for the hexadentate series, rhodamine B isothiocyanate derivatives are less cytotoxic to HepG2 cells than carboxyrhodamine molecules; and f) for all compounds tested, when the substituents of the nitrogen atom were switched from ethyl to methyl, an increment of toxicity was observed. Overall, all chelators seem to display suitable in vitro toxicological potential to combat fast grow bacteria. According to their in vitro pharmacological: toxicological potential ratio, MRH7 and MRH8 may be considered as the most suitable compounds to undergo further pre-clinical development studies.
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Serpeloni JM, Specian AFL, Ribeiro DL, Benício LM, Nunes HL, Franchi LP, Rocha CQ, Vilegas W, Varanda EA, Cólus IMS. Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann root extract exerts cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on gastric tumor cells and downregulates BCL-XL, BIRC5, and MET genes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:338-354. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119888261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann (FP) has cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. We aimed to characterize the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of FP extract on normal (GAS) and tumor-derived (ACP02 and HepG2) cell lines. The effective concentrations (EC50s) by tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) were 56.16, 43.68, and 42.57 µg mL−1 and 69.38, 41.73, and 52.39 µg mL−1 by neutral red assay for GAS, ACP02, and HepG2 cells, respectively. The extract decreased nuclear division indices, which was not reflected in cell proliferation curves. Flow cytometric analyses showed that even 30 µg mL−1 extract (shown to be noncytotoxic by MTT assay) increased the sub-G1 population, indicating cell death due to apoptosis and necrosis. A cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay showed that 30 µg mL−1 of the extract increased the frequency of nuclear buds in tumor cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed CCND1 upregulation in doxorubicin-treated GAS cells and BCL-XL, BIRC5, and MET downregulation in 5 or 30 µg mL−1 in FP extract-treated ACP02 cells. In conclusion, FP extract modulated apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes and presented selective cytotoxicity toward tumor cells that deserves further investigation by testing other cell types. Our results demonstrated that even medicinal plants exert adverse effects depending on the extract concentrations used and tissues investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Serpeloni
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - AFL Specian
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - DL Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - LM Benício
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - HL Nunes
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - LP Franchi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - CQ Rocha
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedicines, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - W Vilegas
- Campus Litoral Paulista, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - EA Varanda
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - IMS Cólus
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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47
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Ropek N, Huber WW, Haslinger E, Knasmueller S. Use of human derived liver cells for the detection of genotoxins in comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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48
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Singh VK, Pillai V, Patel SK, Buch L. Improving Cytotoxicity by Changing a Linker from Diphenylether to Diphenylmethane and now to Phenylene in Binuclear Dithiocarbamate Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Study. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Singh
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceThe M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara- 390 002 India
| | - Vineeta Pillai
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceThe M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara- 390 002 India
| | - Shailykumari K. Patel
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceThe M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara- 390 002 India
| | - Lipi Buch
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceThe M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara- 390 002 India
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Xu J, Qi G, Sui C, Wang W, Sun X. 3D h9e peptide hydrogel: An advanced three-dimensional cell culture system for anticancer prescreening of chemopreventive phenolic agents. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104599. [PMID: 31306737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional 2D monolayer cell culture model may overestimate chemopreventive agent's response due to lacking physiological relevance in three-dimensional microenvironment. This study was aimed to apply a novel 3D h9e peptide hydrogel cell culture system to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of chemopreventive phenolic acid on hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and colon adenocarcinoma SW480 cells. Both cell lines grew better in this 3D system with better cell growth and longer exponential phase than that in 2D model. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), known as a chemopreventive phenolic acid, at 0-40 μM for 72 h inhibited cell growth but not viability in both HepG2 and SW480 cells. The inhibition was much less potent in 3D system with an IC50 value of 58.0 ± 15.8 or 285.6 ± 75.4 μM when compared with 2D model with IC50 of 5.3 ± 0.3 or 12.0 ± 2.5 μM for HepG2 or SW480, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery of cells grown in 3D system after post-CGA appeared faster than 2D model. Taken together, an advanced 3D model has been established with favoring cell growth and less susceptible to inhibitory treatments in contrast to 2D model, thus predict closely to in vivo situation and may bridge the gap of in vitro to in vivo for prescreening chemopreventive agents for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Guangyan Qi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Chunxia Sui
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Xiuzhi Sun
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Department of Biological and Agriculture Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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50
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Li S, Li W, Wang C, Wu R, Yin R, Kuo HC, Wang L, Kong AN. Pelargonidin reduces the TPA induced transformation of mouse epidermal cells -potential involvement of Nrf2 promoter demethylation. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108701. [PMID: 31181187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pelargonidin, a well-known natural anthocyanidin found in berries strawberries, blueberries, red radishes and other natural foods, has been found to possess health beneficial effects including anti-cancer effect. Herein, we investigated the effect of pelargonidin on cellular transformation in mouse skin epidermal JB6 (JB6 P+) cells induced by tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Pelargonidin treatment significantly decreased colony formation and suppressed cell viability of JB6 P+ cells. Pelargonidin also induced the anti-oxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase activation in HepG2-C8 cells overexpressing the ARE-luciferase reporter. Knockdown of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in shNrf2 JB6 P+ cells enhanced TPA-induced colony formation and attenuated pelargonidin's blocking effect. Pelargonidin reduced the protein levels of genes encoding methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, pelargonidin decreased the DNA methylation in the Nrf2 promoter region of JB6 P+ cells and increased Nrf2 downstream target genes expression, such as NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in cellular protection. In summary, our results showed that pelargonidin blocks TPA-induced cell transformation. The possible molecular mechanisms of its potential anti-cancer effects against neoplastic transformation may be attributed to its activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and its cytoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Li
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Kuo
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA.
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