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Gajski G, Gerić M, Pehnec G, Matković K, Rinkovec J, Jakovljević I, Godec R, Žužul S, Bešlić I, Cvitković A, Wild P, Guseva Canu I, Hopf NB. Associating Air Pollution with Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Parameters in Lymphocytes of the General Population in Zagreb (Croatia). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710083. [PMID: 36077482 PMCID: PMC9455971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is recognized as one of the most serious public health issues worldwide and was declared to be a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. At the same time, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay serves as a cancer predictive method that is extensively used in human biomonitoring for populations exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this cross-sectional study is two-fold: to evaluate genomic instability in a sample (N = 130) of healthy, general population residents from Zagreb (Croatia), chronically exposed to different levels of air pollution, and to relate them to air pollution levels in the period from 2011 to 2015. Measured frequencies of CBMN assay parameters were in agreement with the baseline data for the general population of Croatia. Air pollution exposure was based on four factors obtained from a factor analysis of all exposure data obtained for the examined period. Based on the statistical results, we did not observe a significant positive association between any of the CBMN assay parameters tested and measured air pollution parameters for designated time windows, except for benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) that showed significant negative association. Our results show that measured air pollution parameters are largely below the regulatory limits, except for B[a]P, and as such, they do not affect CBMN assay parameters’ frequency. Nevertheless, as air pollution is identified as a major health threat, it is necessary to conduct prospective studies investigating the effect of air pollution on genome integrity and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1468-2500
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Rinkovec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jakovljević
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ranka Godec
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bešlić
- Environmental Hygiene Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Cvitković
- Teaching Institute of Public Health Brod-Posavina County, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- PW Statistical Consulting, 54520 Laxou, France
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B. Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Russo C, Graziani V, Lavorgna M, D'Abrosca B, Piscitelli C, Fiorentino A, Scognamiglio M, Isidori M. Lymphocytes exposed to vegetables grown in waters contaminated by anticancer drugs: metabolome alterations and genotoxic risks for human health. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:125-131. [PMID: 31255220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation of crops may be effective to avoid depletion (about 70%) of freshwater resources. However, the use of reclaimed waters containing persistent microcontaminants such as antineoplastic drugs is of high environmental concern. These active compounds may affect human health with potentially severe adverse effects. To better understand the impact on human health following irrigation of crops with reused contaminated waters, we exposed four edible plants, Brassica rapa, Lactuca sativa, Raphanus sativus, and Triticum durum, to two commonly used antitumoral drugs: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and Cisplatin (CDDP), using metabolomics as a potential functional genomics tool to combine with genotoxicity experiments. The metabolome of the treated and untreated plants was analysed to detect biochemical alterations associated to the exposure, and the potential genotoxic damage related to human exposure to the treated plants was evaluated using the comet assay in human lymphocytes, which are characterized by high sensitivity to genotoxic substances. The edible species were able to assimilate 5-FU and CDDP during the treatment, affecting the biochemical pathways of these plants with subsequent metabolome modifications. These metabolic alterations differed according to the specific species used for the test. Furthermore, all vegetables treated with two concentrations of the selected drugs (10 and 100 μg/L) caused significant (p < 0.0001) genotoxic damage in the cells of the immune system at a higher level than in the lymphocytes directly exposed to single antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Vittoria Graziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Oreščanin V, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population: Contribution of age, sex, seasonal variations and lifestyle factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:561-570. [PMID: 29127818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay was used to evaluate the baseline frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population (average age, 38.28 ± 12.83 years) in relation to age, sex, body mass index, seasonal variations (season of sampling, period of sampling and different meteorological parameters) and lifestyle factors (smoking habit, alcohol consumption, exposure to medications and diagnostic radiation, physical activity, and family history of cancer). The background frequency of micronuclei (MNi) for the 200 subjects assayed was 5.06 ± 3.11 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 1.21 ± 1.46 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.48 ± 2.14. The background frequency of apoptosis and necrosis was 1.58 ± 1.50 and 1.39 ± 1.56, respectively, while the mean nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.99 ± 0.14. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 200 individual values, was 11 MNi, 4 NPBs and 7 NBUDs. The study also confirmed an association of the above mentioned parameters with age, sex and several lifestyle factors. Moreover, significant confounders based on our results are also sampling season, sampling period and different meteorological parameters that were dependent on the CBMN Cyt assay parameters. In line with the above mentioned, several factors should be taken into account when it comes to the monitoring of exposed populations using cytogenetic biomarkers. Moreover, the normal and cut-off values obtained in this study present background data for the general population, and can later serve as baseline values for further biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Diab KA, Fahmy MA, Hassan ZM, Hassan EM, Salama AB, Omara EA. Genotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and the protective role of essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. in mice using chromosomal aberration, micronuclei formation, and comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1621-1636. [PMID: 29098592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mouse bone marrow and male germ cells. The safety and the modulating activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil (SEO) against the possible genotoxic effect of CCl4 were also evaluated. A combination of in vivo mutagenic endpoints was included: micronucleus (MN), apoptosis using dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, comet assay, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and sperm abnormalities. Histological examination of testis tissues was also studied. The extracted SEO was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identifying its chemical constituents. Safety/genotoxicity of SEO was determined after two consecutive weeks (5 days/week) from oral treatment with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg). For assessing genotoxicity of CCl4, both acute (once) and subacute i.p. treatment for 2 weeks (3 days/week) with the concentrations 1.2 mL/kg (for acute) and 0.8 mL/kg (for subacute) were performed. For evaluating the protective role of SEO, simultaneous treatment with SEO plus CCl4 was examined. In sperm abnormalities, mice were treated with the subject materials for five successive days and the samples were collected after 35 days from the beginning of treatment. Based on GC-MS findings, 22 components were identified in the chromatogram of SEO. The results demonstrated that the three concentrations of SEO were safe and non-genotoxic in all the tested endpoints. Negative results were also observed in bone marrow after acute and subacute treatment with CCl4. In contrast, CCl4 induced testicular DNA damage as evidenced by a significant increase of CAs in primary spermatocytes, sperm abnormalities, and histological distortion of testis. A remarkable reduction in these cells was observed in groups treated with SEO plus CCl4 especially with the two higher concentrations of SEO. In conclusion, SEO is safe and non-genotoxic under the tested conditions and can modulate genetic damage and histological alteration induced by CCl4 in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Ae Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hassan
- Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel B Salama
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Campos MAA, Fernandes APSM, André LC. Avaliação da exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em trabalhadores frentistas e analistas de combustíveis utilizando o Teste Cometa como biomarcador de genotoxicidade. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: frentistas e analistas de combustíveis estão expostos a vários compostos orgânicos voláteis presentes na gasolina, incluindo benzeno, que se destaca por sua importância toxicológica. Objetivo: avaliar a exposição ocupacional ao benzeno na gasolina, utilizando o Teste Cometa como biomarcador de genotoxicidade em comparação ao ácido trans,trans-mucônico urinário (AttM) como biomarcador de exposição ao benzeno. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal com análises de biomarcadores de exposição e de genotoxicidade em grupo de expostos ocupacionalmente ao benzeno através da gasolina e grupo controle. Resultados: o Teste Cometa mostrou uma média (desvio padrão) de índice de dano, expresso em unidades arbitrárias, no grupo exposto de 28,4 (10,1) significativamente mais elevado do que no grupo não-exposto, 18,4 (10,1). O AttM urinário, em mg/g de creatinina, foi significativamente maior no grupo exposto, 1,13 (0,45), em relação ao grupo não exposto, 0,44 (0,33). Os dois biomarcadores apresentaram boa correlação linear (r=0,81; p<0,05), indicando uma forte associação entre o biomarcador de exposição e o biomarcador de efeito. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que uma maior exposição ocupacional ao benzeno está associada a um risco aumentado de dano genotóxico entre indivíduos expostos à gasolina.
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Insights from the Molecular Docking of Hydrolytic Products of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) to Inhibition of Human Immune Proteins. Interdiscip Sci 2015; 7:287-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tripathi MK, Yasir M, Gurjar VS, Bose P, Dubey A, Shrivastava R. Insights from the molecular docking of hydrolytic products of methyl iso cyanate (MIC) to inhibition of human immune proteins. Interdiscip Sci 2015. [PMID: 25595583 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-013-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study is an attempt to find the reason for immunological suppression in victims of Bhopal gas tragedy during 1984 against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Here we tried to understand this problem by studying interactions between immune proteins associated with susceptibility to Tuberculosis and hydrolytic products of methyl isocyanate (MIC) released during the tragedy.The hydrolytic products of methyl isocyanate (MIC) i.e. dimethyl urea, trimethyl urea and trimethyl isocyanurate was docked to different human immune proteins against Mtb using autodock 4.0. Results shows that all hydrolytic product (dimethyl urea, trimethyl urea and trimethylisocyanurate) strongly inhibits to CD40 ligand and their binding energies were found to be ΔG -3.51, -3.79, -4.55 (Kcal/Mole) respectively. Further to check the stability of docked complex we performed the molecular dynamics simulation study which also shows that CD40 Ligand was maximum inhibited by trimethylisocyanurate, has a role in the macrophage activation for the destruction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present study may lead to better understanding of human immune protein inhibition by hydrolytic product of methyl isocyanate (MIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462051, India
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Kayaaltı Z, Yavuz İ, Söylemez E, Bacaksız A, Tutkun E, Sayal A, Söylemezoğlu T. Evaluation of DNA damage using 3 comet assay parameters in workers occupationally exposed to lead. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2015; 70:120-125. [PMID: 24965324 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2013.787964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood lead levels in individuals occupationally exposed to lead. To evaluate this association, 61 workers exposed to lead were monitored in terms of DNA damage in blood lymphocytes. The levels of DNA damage were measured according to 3 comet assay parameters, including tail intensity (TI), tail moment (TM), and DNA tail (DNAt). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the lead levels and TI, TM, and DNAt (p < .01). Smoking had independent effects on DNA damage. A statistically significant difference was observed between smokers and nonsmokers in regards to DNA damage parameters (p < .05). In addition, the lead and DNA damage levels in smokers were found to be significantly higher than the levels observed in nonsmoking workers (p < . 05). Our results show that exposure to lead induces genotoxic effects in peripheral lymphocytes, as measured by comet assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelıha Kayaaltı
- a Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
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Gajski G, Oreščanin V, Gerić M, Kollar R, Lovrenčić Mikelić I, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Toxicity assessment of the water used for human consumption from the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area prior/after the combined electrochemical treatment/advanced oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:516-526. [PMID: 25087498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was detailed physicochemical, radiological, and toxicological characterization of the composite sample of water intended for human consumption in the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area before and after a combined electrochemical/advanced oxidation treatment. Toxicological characterization was conducted on human lymphocytes using a battery of bioassays. On the bases of the tested parameters, it could be concluded that water used for drinking from the tested water sources must be strictly forbidden for human and/or animal consumption since it is extremely cytogenotoxic, with high oxidative stress potential. A combined electrochemical treatment and posttreatment with ozone and UV light decreased the level of all physicochemical and radiological parameters below the regulated values. Consequently, the purified sample was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic, indicating that the presented method could be used for the improvement of water quality from the sites highly contaminated with the mixture of heavy metals and radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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Cavalcanti BC, Ferreira JRO, Cabral IO, Magalhães HIF, de Oliveira CC, Rodrigues FAR, Rocha DD, Barros FWA, da Silva CR, Júnior HVN, Canuto KM, Silveira ER, Pessoa C, Moraes MO. Genetic toxicology evaluation of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet and its chemoprotective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage in cultured human leukocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4051-61. [PMID: 22446814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil (EO) of Alpinia zerumbet leaves, at non-toxic concentrations (50-300 μg/mL), did not induce genotoxicity in human leukocytes. However, at the highest concentration (500 μg/mL) tested caused a reduction in cell proliferation and viability, and an increase in DNA damage. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that EO (400 mg/kg) did not exert mutagenicity on peripheral blood cells and bone marrow in mice. In DPPH test, EO showed scavenging effects against DPPH radicals, and other free radicals (determination of intracellular GSH and lipid peroxidation assays). Furthermore, EO was able to reduce the intracellular levels of ROS, and prevented leukocytes DNA against oxidative damage. The ability of EO to reduce H(2)O(2) toxicity was observed only when cells were treated with EO during and after exposure to H(2)O(2). With the co- and post-treatment procedures, EO decreased the frequency of apoptotic and micronucleated leukocytes as well DNA strand breaks. However, a synergistic effect was observed in cultures exposed to 500 μg/mL EO. In conclusion, EO at concentrations up to 300 μg/mL or doses up to 400mg/kg are not mutagenic in leukocytes and in mice, but do have antioxidative and protective effects against the cytotoxicity and clastogenesis induced by H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Cavalcanti
- National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 3157, CEP 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Nersesyan A, Ilin A, Kulmanov M. Investigations of genotoxic activity of antimicrobial/antiviral agent FS-1 in human lymphocytes and tumor cell. CYTOL GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452711020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Molecular surveillance of hepatitis and tuberculosis infections in a cohort exposed to methyl isocyanate. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2011; 24:94-101. [PMID: 21468906 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-011-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential toxic effects on the immune system exerted by occupational and accidental environmental exposures and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in the etiology and progression of infectious diseases are now being characterized. The Bhopal gas tragedy is undoubtedly one of the worst industrial disasters in the history of mankind. After 25 years of accidental exposure to methyl isocyanate (MIC), severe systemic ailments still continue to pre-occupy the lives of the affected population that survived this tragedy. We have performed a molecular surveillance study to characterize hepatitis and tuberculosis infections amongst the first and the second generation of survivors exposed to MIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both outdoor and indoor patients referred for molecular diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) were examined. Qualitative analysis for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV through ELISA was performed, while BacT/ALERT and Ziehl-Neelson technique were utilized for the assessment of tuberculosis. Detection and quantification of viral and bacterial nucleic acid and characterization of hepatitis genotypes were analyzed using real-time and end-point PCR techniques. RESULTS The results suggest that HBV infections are most common among the MIC-exposed cohort, followed by extra-pulmonary and pulmonary MTB and HCV infections. Genotype 3 is the most prevalent HCV genotype among the survivors. Failure to detect HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV through ELISA, and tuberculosis by culture and Ziehl-Neelson stain, indicates higher prevalence of occult hepatitis and latent tuberculosis in the affected population. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the importance of hospital-based records used as a data source for monitoring possible environmental health hazards. As the risk of progress of infection is often influenced by conditions and periods of environmental chemical exposure, therefore, insights of interconnected molecular pathways will further illuminate the gene-environment association and might offer valuable information for rational drug design.
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Occupational risk assessment of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in workers exposed to paints during a working week. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2011; 24:308-19. [DOI: 10.2478/s13382-011-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Minozzo R, Deimling LI, Santos-Mello R. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome and comet assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to lead considering folate and vitamin B12 status. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 697:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Collins AR, Dusinska M. Applications of the Comet Assay in Human Biomonitoring. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU) Kjeller Norway
- Research Base of Slovak Medical University Bratislava Slovakia
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Simoniello MF, Kleinsorge EC, Scagnetti JA, Grigolato RA, Poletta GL, Carballo MA. DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 28:957-65. [PMID: 18636400 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are used in agriculture to protect crops but represent at the same time a potential risk to farmers and environment. The aim of this work is the evaluation of 54 subjects occupationally exposed to pesticides and 30 subjects as a control group using the quantification of DNA damage level by means of the alkaline Comet assay and the evaluation of repair processes. Damage index Comet assay (DICA) and damage index repair assay (DIRA) were studied in 27 pesticide applicator workers, 27 non-pesticide applicators and controls. Our results show that both exposed groups revealed significant increase in DICA when compared with controls (P < 0.0001), as well as in DIRA (P < 0.0001). However, the spraying group exhibited a marginally significant difference in DICA (P = 0.05) when years of exposure are considered and a significant difference (P < 0.05) when the personal protective equipment used by individuals was taken as a comparison factor. The influence of confounding factors on the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to pesticides was investigated and no significant differences were observed considering age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to DICA and DIRA. Since DNA damage is an important step in events leading from carcinogen exposure to cancer disease, our study highlights the potential health risk associated with agrochemical exposure in developing countries with vast cultivated areas, such as Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Battershill JM, Burnett K, Bull S. Factors affecting the incidence of genotoxicity biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes: impact on design of biomonitoring studies. Mutagenesis 2008; 23:423-37. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gen040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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18
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Trends in the study of genetic susceptibility. Interdiscip Toxicol 2008; 1:13-4. [PMID: 21218098 PMCID: PMC2993474 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. Comet assay: a reliable tool for the assessment of DNA damage in different models. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:5-32. [PMID: 18427939 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the environment. This has led to increased pollution of ecosystems as well as deterioration of the air, water, and soil quality. Excessive agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect biodiversity, threatening the survival of species in a particular habitat as well as posing disease risks to humans. Some of the chemicals, e.g., pesticides and heavy metals, may be genotoxic to the sentinel species and/or to non-target species, causing deleterious effects in somatic or germ cells. Test systems which help in hazard prediction and risk assessment are important to assess the genotoxic potential of chemicals before their release into the environment or commercial use as well as DNA damage in flora and fauna affected by contaminated/polluted habitats. The Comet assay has been widely accepted as a simple, sensitive, and rapid tool for assessing DNA damage and repair in individual eukaryotic as well as some prokaryotic cells, and has increasingly found application in diverse fields ranging from genetic toxicology to human epidemiology. This review is an attempt to comprehensively encase the use of Comet assay in different models from bacteria to man, employing diverse cell types to assess the DNA-damaging potential of chemicals and/or environmental conditions. Sentinel species are the first to be affected by adverse changes in their environment. Determination of DNA damage using the Comet assay in these indicator organisms would thus provide information about the genotoxic potential of their habitat at an early stage. This would allow for intervention strategies to be implemented for prevention or reduction of deleterious health effects in the sentinel species as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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Knickelbein KZ, Flint M, Jenkins F, Baum A. Psychological Stress and Oxidative Damage in Lymphocytes of Aerobically Fit and Unfit Individuals1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9861.2008.00025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Heuser VD, Erdtmann B, Kvitko K, Rohr P, da Silva J. Evaluation of genetic damage in Brazilian footwear-workers: Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. Toxicology 2007; 232:235-47. [PMID: 17292523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Employees in the footwear manufacturing industry are routinely exposed to complex mixtures of solvents used in cleaning and as diluents in glues, primers, and degreasers. The objective of this study was to determine the genotoxic effects in a group of footwear-workers occupationally exposed to solvent-based adhesive and solutions containing organic solvents, mainly toluene. Peripheral blood and buccal cells samples were collected from 39 footwear-workers (31 males and 8 females) and 55 controls (44 males and 11 females). As biomarker of exposure, we obtained data on hippuric acid (HA), the main metabolite of toluene in urine, and DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in blood cells. Micronucleus frequencies in binucleated lymphocytes (BNMN) and in epithelial buccal cells (EBCMN) were analyzed as biomarkers of effect, while polymorphisms in genes GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1 were used as susceptibility biomarkers. Results of HA and Comet assay showed statistical increased values amongst footwear-workers relative to controls (P < or = 0.001). No differences were observed in BNMN and EBCMN frequencies between the groups, but a correlation test revealed that age was significantly associated with BNMN frequency in both control (r(s)=0.290; P < or = 0.05) and exposed groups (r(s)=0.674; P < or = 0.001). Regarding the results on genetic polymorphisms, GSTM1 null subjects from the control group showed a significant increase in EBCMN frequency relative to GSTM1 non-null subjects (P < or = 0.05). A significant increase in DNA damage detected by Comet assay in leukocytes was obtained for GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val individuals from the exposed group relative to those with GSTP1 Ile/Ile (P < or = 0.05), especially in younger subjects (P < or = 0.01), and a suggestion of interaction with CYP2E1 polymorphism was found. In confirmation of these data, stepwise multiple regression analyses for selecting between the different independent variables showed that about 25% of levels of the DNA damage in footwear-worker can be associated with genetic polymorphisms in GSTP1 and CYP2E1 (P=0.006, F=5.876).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Dahlström Heuser
- Postgraduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGGBM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
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Celik A, Kanik A. Genotoxicity of occupational exposure to wood dust: Micronucleus frequency and nuclear changes in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2006; 47:693-8. [PMID: 17078100 DOI: 10.1002/em.20257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to wood dust is associated with the occurrence of nasal cancer. In this study, we investigated micronuclei and nuclear changes (NCs: binucleates, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and the "broken egg" effect) in exfoliated buccal cells of 20 workers exposed to wood dust and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Micronucleus frequency and the frequency of each of the NCs were significantly higher for wood workers than controls (P < 0.01). Cigarette smoking was associated with increased frequencies of micronuclei and NCs in the buccal mucosa epithelium cells of both the control and exposed groups. Our findings indicate that buccal cells of wood workers display increased levels of genotoxicity and toxicity, and that these biomarker responses may be related to the increased cancer risk among wood workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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Mohammadi S, Taghavi-Dehaghani M, Gharaati MR, Masoomi R, Ghiassi-Nejad M. Adaptive response of blood lymphocytes of inhabitants residing in high background radiation areas of ramsar- micronuclei, apoptosis and comet assays. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47:279-85. [PMID: 16988494 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The hot springs in certain areas of Ramsar contain (226)Ra and (222)Rn. The effects of natural radiation on the inhabitants of these areas and the inhabitant's radiosensitivity or adaptive responses were studied. One group of volunteers from areas with high natural background radiation and another group from areas with normal background radiation were chosen as the case and control group respectively. The frequency of micronuclei, apoptosis, and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured following gamma irradiation (4 Gy). The incidence of micronuclei in the case group was significantly lower than that in the control group while their frequency of apoptosis was higher (P < 0.05). However, the rates of induced DNA damage and repair were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). Smaller number of micronuclei and higher levels of apoptosis in the case group could be the result of higher resistance to radiation stress and a more rigorous checkpoint at cell division. However, regarding the alkaline labile sites, the individuals in the case group are more sensitive and susceptible to DNA damage. The results of micronuclei, apoptosis and repair studies suggest that an adaptive response might be induced in people residing in areas with high background radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Mohammadi
- Radiation Molecular Genetic Lab, National Radiation Protection Department (NRPD), Iranian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (INRA), Tehran.
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Masoomi JR, Mohammadi S, Amini M, Ghiassi-Nejad M. High background radiation areas of Ramsar in Iran: evaluation of DNA damage by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 86:176-86. [PMID: 16376699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hot springs in special areas in Ramsar, a northern coastal town in Iran, contain (226)Ra and (222)Rn. The natural radiation effects, radiosensitivity or adaptive responses, on the inhabitants of high natural radiation in Ramsar were studied. The single cell gel electrophoresis was used to monitor DNA damages. Three groups of volunteers were selected, one from high natural background radiation areas as the case group and two from normal background radiation areas as controls (control 1 and control 2). The latter one had the similar living situation to case group while the other (control 2) had different living situation from the other groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs) were separated and irradiated by (60)Co source at five different gamma doses. It was found that the spontaneous level of DNA damage and the induced DNA damage in all challenging doses in case group was considerably higher than control groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the repair rate in those volunteers, who received less than 10.2 mSv/y was significantly more than the control groups. In the contrary, individuals who live in homes with more than 10.2 mSv/y had incomplete repair. Additionally the plasma and urinary levels of vitamin C were measured spectrophotometrically. Although the concentration of vitamin C of plasma was equal in case and control 1 groups, the urinary level of vitamin C was found to be lower in the case group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Masoomi
- Biophysics Department, College of Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
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Hoffmann H, Högel J, Speit G. The effect of smoking on DNA effects in the comet assay: a meta-analysis. Mutagenesis 2005; 20:455-66. [PMID: 16280345 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gei064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay (alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis, SCG or SCGE) is frequently used in biomonitoring to detect genotoxic effects in humans exposed at the workplace or in their environment. Because of its ready accessibility, blood is most frequently used in such studies. Many studies investigated cigarette smoking either as a genotoxic exposure itself or as a potential confounding factor in occupational studies. However, although smoking is considered to be a relevant exposure towards various genotoxins, conflicting results have been reported in the comet assay studies. The actual reasons for this discrepancy are not known. To further evaluate evidence for smoking-related DNA effects in the comet assay, we now used a meta-analysis approach based on a literature search. We identified 38 studies from 37 publications which were suited for a formal meta-analysis based on the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the study groups. The evaluation of these 38 studies indicated higher levels of DNA damage in smokers than in non-smokers [under a random effects model, SMD = 0.55, 95% confidence interval = (0.16-0.93)]. Subdividing these studies into studies investigating the effect of smoking as a genotoxic exposure (Type A studies, n = 12) and studies investigating smoking as a potential confounder in occupational studies (Type B, n = 26) indicated a significant difference only in Type A studies but not in Type B studies. Furthermore, studies using image analysis or image length measurements (n = 23) only indicated a tendency for a genotoxic effect of smoking, whereas studies using an arbitrary score (n = 15) found a significantly higher level of DNA damage in smokers.
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Tiano L, Littarru GP, Principi F, Orlandi M, Santoro L, Carnevali P, Gabrielli O. Assessment of DNA damage in Down Syndrome patients by means of a new, optimised single cell gel electrophoresis technique. Biofactors 2005; 25:187-95. [PMID: 16873945 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520250122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), also known as comet assay is a widely used method to detect DNA damage. Its use is nonetheless subjected to some pitfalls, due to differences in experimental set-up, to operator-dependent variability and to quantification of the comets, which is usually accomplished by visual scoring or by image-analysis software. Biological variability in the extent of DNA damage must be taken into account particularly regarding in vivo studies. In the present paper we propose an improved methodology where major features are: a) cryopreservation of lymphocytes collected at different time points and simultaneous analysis in a single run; b) use of an internal control on each slide; c) development of a custom-made software with semi - automated image analysis in order to overcome operator dependent variability. Cryopreservation was accomplished by storing lymphocytes in liquid nitrogen in a solution commonly used for preserving vital cells to be reinfused. We found that this procedure did not alter DNA after 2 and 4 months of storage. The use of quality control from a batch of aliquoted lymphocytes from a healthy donor on each slide, enabled to highlight possible experimental anomalies as well as verify inter-experimental variability. Moreover, by using a newly developed software able to automatically recognise comets we minimised operator-dependent variability in the scoring process. This improved methodology is proposed for longitudinal in vivo studies and in the present work its application made it possible to assess a significant increase of DNA in pediatric Down Syndrome patients compared to healthy controls of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tiano
- Institute of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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