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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Association between lead exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2899-2911. [PMID: 35930012 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity. Observational studies reporting biomarkers of DNA damage among occupationally Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to January 2022. The markers included were micronucleus frequency (MN), chromosomal aberrations, comet assay, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine. During the execution of this review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mean differences in the biological markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and control groups were pooled using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic. The review included forty-five studies comparing markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and unexposed. The primary studies utilised buccal and/or peripheral leukocytes for evaluating the DNA damage. The pooled quantitative results revealed significantly higher DNA damage characterised by increased levels of MN and SCE frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8-OHdG) among Pb-exposed than the unexposed. However, studies included in the review exhibited high levels of heterogeneity among the studies. Chronic Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage. However, high-quality, multicentred studies are required to strengthen present observations and further understand the Pb's role in inducing DNA damage. CRD42022286810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Maiti S, MaitiDutta S, Chen G. Regulations of expressions of rat/human sulfotransferases by anticancer drug, nolatrexed, and micronutrients. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e525-e533. [PMID: 34387600 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is related to the cellular proliferative state. Increase in cell-cycle regulatory function augments cellular folate pool. This pathway is therapeutically targeted. A number of drugs influences this metabolism, that is, folic acid, folinic acid, nolatrexed, and methotrexate. Our previous study showed methotrexate influences on rat/human sulfotransferases. Present study explains the effect of nolatrexed (widely used in different cancers) and some micronutrients on the expressions of rat/human sulfotransferases. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with nolatrexed (01-100 mg/kg) and rats of both sexes were treated to folic acid (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) for 2-weeks and their aryl sulfotransferase-IV (AST-IV; β-napthol sulfation) and sulfotransferase (STa; DHEA sulfation) activities, protein expression (western blot) and mRNA expression (RT-PCR) were tested. In human-cultured hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells nolatrexed (1 nM-1.2 mM) or folinic acid (10 nM-10 μM) were applied for 10 days. Folic acid (0-10 μM) was treated to HepG2 cells. PPST (phenol catalyzing), MPST (dopamine and monoamine), DHEAST (dehydroepiandrosterone and DHEA), and EST (estradiol sulfating) protein expressions (western-blot) were tested in HepG2 cells. Present results suggest that nolatrexed significantly increased sulfotransferases expressions in rat (protein, STa, F = 4.87, P < 0.05/mRNA, AST-IV, F = 6.702, P < 0.014; Student's t test, P < 0.01-0.05) and HepG2 cells. Folic acid increased sulfotransferases activity/protein in gender-dependant manner. Both folic and folinic acid increased several human sulfotransferases isoforms with varied level of significance (least or no increase at highest dose) in HepG2 cells pointing its dose-dependent multiphasic responses. The clinical importance of this study may be furthered in the verification of sulfation metabolism of several exogenous/endogenous molecules, drug-drug interaction and their influences on cancer pathophysiological processes. Further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Maiti
- Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology
- Epidemiology and Human Health Division, Founder and Secretary, Agricure Biotech Research Society
| | - Sangita MaitiDutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Guangping Chen
- Venture I OSU Laboratory, Oklahoma Technology & Research Park, Innovation Way, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Dutta SM, Chen G, Maiti S. Profiles of Two Glycaemia Modifying Drugs on the Expression of Rat and Human Sulfotransferases. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:240-248. [PMID: 33256575 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201130123837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effects of blood glucose regulating compounds on human and rat sulfotransferases (SULTs) expressions. BACKGROUND Phase-II enzymes, sulfotransferases catalyze the sulfuryl-group-transfer to endogenous/exogenous compounds. The alteration of expressions of SULTs may have influence on the sulfation of its substrate and other biomolecules. OBJECTIVES The influence of the altered biotransformation might alter different biochemical events, drug-drug interactions and bioaccumulation or excretion pattern of certain drug. METHODS In this brief study, diabetes-inducing drug streptozotocin (STZ; 10 or 50 mg/kg to male Sprague Dawley rat for 2 weeks) or hyperglycemia controlling drug tolbutamide (TLB 0.1 or 10μM to human hepato-carcinoma cells, HepG2 for 10 days) was applied and the SULTs expressions were verified. Extensive protein-protein (STa, SULT2A1/DHEAST) interactions were studied by the STRING (Search-Tool-for-the-Retrieval-of-Interacting Genes/Proteins) Bioinformatics-software. RESULTS Present result suggests that while STZ increased the STa (in rat) (dehydroepiandrosterone catalyzing SULT; DHEAST in human HepG2), tolbutamide decreased PPST (phenol catalyzing SULT) and DHEAST activity in human HepG2 cells. Moderate decreases of MPST (monoamine catalyzing SULT) and EST (estrogen catalyzing) activities are noticed in this case. STa/DHEAST was found to be highly interactive to SHBG/- sex-hormone-binding-globulin; PPARα/lipid-metabolism-regulator; FABP1/fatty-acid-binding-protein. CONCLUSION Streptozotocin and tolbutamide, these two glycaemia-modifying drugs demonstrated regulation of rat and human SULTs activities. The reciprocal nature of these two drugs on SULTs expression may be associated with their contrasting abilities in influencing glucose-homeostasis. Possible association of certain SULT-isoform with hepatic fat-regulations may indicate an unfocused link between calorie-metabolism and the glycemic-state of an individual. Explorations of this work may uncover the role of sulfation metabolism of specific biomolecule on cellular glycemic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita M Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
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Torres-Vergara P, Ho YS, Espinoza F, Nualart F, Escudero C, Penny J. The constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor in the brain. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2666-2682. [PMID: 32201941 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, the orphan nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR;NR1I3) and pregnane X receptor (PXR;NR1I2) have been regarded as master regulators of drug disposition and detoxification mechanisms. They regulate the metabolism and transport of endogenous mediators and xenobiotics in organs including the liver, intestine and brain. However, with proposals of new physiological functions for NR1I3 and NR1I2, there is increasing interest in the role of these receptors in influencing brain function. This review will summarise key findings regarding the expression and function of NR1I3 and NR1I2 in the brain, hereby highlighting the need for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-BIO BIO, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Células Madres NeuroCellT, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Universidad del Bío Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Yu Siong Ho
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Health and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Francisca Espinoza
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-BIO BIO, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Células Madres NeuroCellT, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-BIO BIO, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Células Madres NeuroCellT, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Laboratorio de FisiologíaVascular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Universidad del Bío Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jeffrey Penny
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Health and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Balyan R, Cai M, Zhao W, Dai Z, Zhai Y, Chen G. Repeated restraint stress upregulates rat sulfotransferase 1A1. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:265-273. [PMID: 30864418 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. SULTs also regulate the biological activities of biological signaling molecules, such as various hormones, bile acids, and monoamine neurotransmitters; therefore, they play critical roles in the endocrine and nervous systems. People are subject to various kinds of physical, chemical, toxicological, physiological, and psychological stresses at one time or another. The study of the effects produced by stress may lead to finding novel remedies for many disease conditions. The effect of repeated restraint stress on rat SULT expression has not been studied. MethodsThis study involves the effect of repeated restraint stress on SULT1A1 expressions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4) were subjected to repeated restraint stress 2 h/day for 7 days. Protein and RNA expression of SULT1A1 were analyzed by western blot and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in important tissues. ResultsWe observed that repeated restraint stress increased the expression of SULT1A1 in the liver, adrenal glands, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex in male rats. Patterns of enhanced expression were observed at both mRNA and protein level, indicating that repeated restraint stress stimulates enzyme expression at the transcriptional level. ConclusionsChanges of SULT1A1 expression in important tissues caused by repeated restraint stress will have a significant effect on drug metabolism and xenobiotics detoxification. The significant changes in endocrine glands and brain sections may also cause disturbances in hormone homeostasis, therefore leading to disease conditions. This report provides clues for the understanding of the effect of stresses on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Balyan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ma Cai
- College of Life Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA, Phone: +405-744-2349
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Marto N, Morello J, Monteiro EC, Pereira SA. Implications of sulfotransferase activity in interindividual variability in drug response: clinical perspective on current knowledge. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:357-371. [PMID: 28554218 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1335749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interindividual variability in drug response is a major issue in clinical practice and in drug development. Sulfoconjugation is an important Phase II reaction catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs), playing a major role in homeostatic functions, xenobiotic detoxification, and carcinogen bioactivation. SULT display wide interindividual variability, explained only partially by genetic variation, suggesting that other non-genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences could be major determinants of variability in SULT activity. This review focuses on the factors known to influence SULT variability in expression and activity and the available evidence regarding the impact of SULT variability on drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marto
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital da Luz , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Emilia C Monteiro
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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Lee K, You H, Choi J, No KT. Development of pharmacophore-based classification model for activators of constitutive androstane receptor. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 32:172-178. [PMID: 28366619 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is predominantly expressed in the liver and is important for regulating drug metabolism and transport. Despite its biological importance, there have been few attempts to develop in silico models to predict the activity of CAR modulated by chemical compounds. The number of in silico studies of CAR may be limited because of CAR's constitutive activity under normal conditions, which makes it difficult to elucidate the key structural features of the interaction between CAR and its ligands. In this study, to address these limitations, we introduced 3D pharmacophore-based descriptors with an integrated ligand and structure-based pharmacophore features, which represent the receptor-ligand interaction. Machine learning methods (support vector machine and artificial neural network) were applied to develop an in silico model with the descriptors containing significant information regarding the ligand binding positions. The best classification model built with a solvent accessibility volume-based filter and the support vector machine showed good predictabilities of 87%, and 85.4% for the training set and validation set, respectively. This demonstrates that our model can be used to accurately predict CAR activators and offers structural information regarding ligand/protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungro Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hwan You
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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8
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Kobayashi K, Hashimoto M, Honkakoski P, Negishi M. Regulation of gene expression by CAR: an update. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1045-55. [PMID: 25975989 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a well-known xenosensor that regulates hepatic drug metabolism and detoxification. CAR activation can be elicited by a large variety of xenobiotics, including phenobarbital (PB) which is not a directly binding CAR ligand. The mechanism of CAR activation is complex and involves translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, followed by further activation steps in the nucleus. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a PB-responsive receptor, and PB activates CAR by inhibiting the EGFR signaling. In addition to regulation of drug metabolism, activation of CAR has multiple biological end points such as modulation of xenobiotic-elicited liver injury, and the role of CAR in endobiotic functions such as glucose metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis is increasingly recognized. Thus, investigations on the molecular mechanism of CAR activation are critical for the real understanding of CAR-mediated processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which CAR activators regulate gene expression through cellular signaling pathways and the roles of CAR on xenobiotic-elicited hepatocellular carcinoma, liver injury, glucose metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
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Oshida K, Vasani N, Jones C, Moore T, Hester S, Nesnow S, Auerbach S, Geter DR, Aleksunes LM, Thomas RS, Applegate D, Klaassen CD, Corton JC. Identification of chemical modulators of the constitutive activated receptor (CAR) in a gene expression compendium. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2015; 13:e002. [PMID: 25949234 PMCID: PMC4422105 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor family member constitutive activated receptor (CAR) is
activated by structurally diverse drugs and environmentally-relevant chemicals
leading to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism
and transport. Chronic activation of CAR increases liver cancer incidence in
rodents, whereas suppression of CAR can lead to steatosis and insulin
insensitivity. Here, analytical methods were developed to screen for chemical
treatments in a gene expression compendium that lead to alteration of CAR
activity. A gene expression biomarker signature of 83 CAR-dependent genes was
identified using microarray profiles from the livers of wild-type and CAR-null
mice after exposure to three structurally-diverse CAR activators (CITCO,
phenobarbital, TCPOBOP). A rank-based algorithm (Running Fisher’s
algorithm (p-value ≤ 10-4)) was used to evaluate the
similarity between the CAR biomarker signature and a test set of 28 and 32
comparisons positive or negative, respectively, for CAR activation; the test
resulted in a balanced accuracy of 97%. The biomarker signature was used to
identify chemicals that activate or suppress CAR in an annotated mouse
liver/primary hepatocyte gene expression database of ~1850 comparisons. CAR was
activated by 1) activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in wild-type
but not AhR-null mice, 2) pregnane X receptor (PXR) activators in wild-type and
to lesser extents in PXR-null mice, and 3) activators of PPARα in
wild-type and PPARα-null mice. CAR was consistently activated by five
conazole fungicides and four perfluorinated compounds. Comparison of effects in
wild-type and CAR-null mice showed that the fungicide propiconazole increased
liver weight and hepatocyte proliferation in a CAR-dependent manner, whereas the
perfluorinated compound perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increased these endpoints
in a CAR-independent manner. A number of compounds suppressed CAR coincident
with increases in markers of inflammation including acetaminophen, concanavalin
A, lipopolysaccharide, and 300 nm silica particles. In conclusion, we have shown
that a CAR biomarker signature coupled with a rank-based similarity method
accurately predicts CAR activation. This analytical approach, when applied to a
gene expression compendium, increased the universe of known chemicals that
directly or indirectly activate CAR, highlighting the promiscuous nature of CAR
activation and signaling through activation of other xenobiotic-activated
receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiyu Oshida
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Naresh Vasani
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Carlton Jones
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Tanya Moore
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Susan Hester
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Stephen Nesnow
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Scott Auerbach
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - David R Geter
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Russell S Thomas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Dawn Applegate
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
| | - J Christopher Corton
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, (KO, NV, CJ, TM, SH, SN), NIEHS (SA) and Bayer CropScience (DRG), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (LMA), The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (RST), RegeneMed, San Diego, CA (DA), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDK) and the Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (JCC)
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10
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Shao X, Li J, Wang S, Chen G, Xu J, Ji X, Li L, Lu W, Zhou T. Exogenous dopamine induces dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (rSULT2A1) in rat liver and changes the pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxacin in rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Sabui S, Ghosal A, Said HM. Identification and characterization of 5'-flanking region of the human riboflavin transporter 1 gene (SLC52A1). Gene 2014; 553:49-56. [PMID: 25284511 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human SLC52A1 gene encodes the riboflavin transporter-1 (RFVT-1), a plasma membrane protein that transports vitamin B2 (riboflavin, RF) into cells, and thus, plays a role in controlling cellular homeostasis of RF in those tissues that express the carrier protein (e.g. placenta and intestine). Currently, there is nothing known about transcriptional regulation of the SLC52A1 gene, therefore, we aimed to clone and characterize its 5'-flanking region. Using rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (5'-RACE), we identified one transcription start site (TSS). A 579 bp segment of the 5'-flanking region of this gene was cloned which exhibited robust promoter activity upon transfection in human intestinal epithelial cells. Deletion analysis revealed that the core promoter activity to be embedded in a region between -234 and -23 that lacked TATA element, was GC-rich, and harbored several putative cis-regulatory sites including KLFs, AP-2, EGRF and Sp-1. Mutating each of these sites led to a significant decrease in promoter activity (which was highest for the Sp-1 site), suggesting their possible involvement in regulating SLC52A1 transcription. Focusing on the Sp-1 site, EMSA, super-shift and ChIP analysis was performed that established the interaction of the Sp-1 transcription factor with the SLC52A1 promoter; also, co-transfection of the minimal SLC52A1 promoter with an Sp-1 containing vector in Drosophila SL-2 cells led to significant promoter activation. These results are the first to reveal the identity of the minimal SLC52A1 promoter and to establish an important role for Sp-1 in its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- Department of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Abhisek Ghosal
- Department of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
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12
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Huang C, Zhou T, Chen Y, Sun T, Zhang S, Chen G. Estrogen-related receptor ERRα regulation of human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) gene expression in human Caco-2 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:32-8. [PMID: 24038886 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, SULT2A1, is important for xenobiotic detoxification and the maintenance of hydroxysteroid homeostasis. Our published report suggested that estrogen-related receptor ERRα downregulates SULT2A1 in Hep G2 cells. The results shown in this study suggest that ERRα upregulates SULT2A1 transcription in Caco-2 cells. The deletion analysis suggested that SULT2A1 promoter region between -65 and -44 is important for this upregulation. Our further investigation suggested that ERRα binding element, ERRE51, mediates ERRα activation of SULT2A1 promoter transcription in Caco-2 cells. The interaction of ERRE51 with ERRα was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Results also suggest that the difference of constitutive androstane receptor transcription levels in Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells at least partially contribute to the cell type dependent ERRα modulation of SULT2A1 promoter transcription. ERRα regulates human SULT2A1 transcription by competing with other nuclear receptors binding to the DNA-promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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13
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Baptissart M, Vega A, Martinot E, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Farnesoid X receptor alpha: a molecular link between bile acids and steroid signaling? Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4511-26. [PMID: 23784309 PMCID: PMC11113643 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are cholesterol metabolites that have been extensively studied in recent decades. In addition to having ancestral roles in digestion and fat solubilization, bile acids have recently been described as signaling molecules involved in many physiological functions, such as glucose and energy metabolisms. These signaling pathways involve the activation of the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXRα) or of the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of FXRα, suggesting important functions for the receptor in steroid metabolism. It has been described that FXRα is expressed in the adrenal glands and testes, where it seems to control steroid production. FXRα also participates in steroid catabolism in the liver and interferes with the steroid signaling pathways in target tissues via crosstalk with steroid receptors. In this review, we discuss the potential impacts of bile acid (BA), through its interactions with steroid metabolism, on glucose metabolism, sexual function, and prostate and breast cancers. Although several of the published reports rely on in vitro studies, they highlight the need to understand the interactions that may affect health. This effect is important because BA levels are increased in several pathophysiological conditions related to liver injuries. Additionally, BA receptors are targeted clinically using therapeutics to treat liver diseases, diabetes, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baptissart
- INSERM U1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurelie Vega
- INSERM U1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinot
- INSERM U1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- INSERM U1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro
- INSERM U1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H. Volle
- INSERM U1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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14
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A distal estrogen responsive element upstream the cap site of human transthyretin gene is an enhancer-like element upon ERα and/or ERβ transactivation. Gene 2013; 527:469-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Sakamoto Y, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Taketa Y, Kodama Y, Nemoto K, Degawa M, Gamou T, Ozawa S, Nishikawa A, Yoshida M. Different Pathways of Constitutive Androstane Receptor–mediated Liver Hypertrophy and Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice Treated with Piperonyl Butoxide or Decabromodiphenyl Ether. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:1078-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623313482055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is essential for Cyp2b induction, liver hypertrophy, and hepatocarcinogenesis in response to phenobarbital (PB). Liver hypertrophy with Cyp2b induction is a major mode of action of hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents. However, it remains unclear whether CAR is involved in the response to many other nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens besides PB. In this study, we investigated CAR involvement in liver hypertrophy and hepatocarcinogenesis of Cyp2b-inducing nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), and decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDE), using wild-type and CAR knockout (CARKO) male mice. PB was used as the positive control. In the wild-type mice, 4-week treatment with PBO, DBDE, or PB induced hepatocellular hypertrophy with increased Cyp2b10 messenger RNA and Cyp2b protein expression. In CARKO mice, only PBO showed liver hypertrophy with Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11 induction. After 27-week treatment following diethylnitrosamine initiation, PBO and PB generated many eosinophilic altered foci/adenomas in wild-type mice; however, the lesions were far less frequent in CARKO mice. DBDE increased the multiplicity of basophilic altered foci/adenomas in wild-type and CARKO mice. Our findings indicate that murine CAR plays major roles in hepatocarcinogenesis but not in liver hypertrophy of PBO. DBDE may act via CAR-independent pathways during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakamoto
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Takahashi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Taketa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kodama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masakuni Degawa
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshie Gamou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Biological Safety Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Wiseman SB, He Y, Gamal-El Din M, Martin JW, Jones PD, Hecker M, Giesy JP. Transcriptional responses of male fathead minnows exposed to oil sands process-affected water. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:227-35. [PMID: 23246600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is produced by the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. OSPW has acute and chronic effects on aquatic organisms, but the suite of effects of OSPW, and mechanisms of effects, are not understood. The goal of this study was to use RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to quantify abundances of transcripts in livers of male fathead minnows exposed to untreated OSPW and ozone-treated OSPW to investigate sublethal effects of untreated OSPW and to determine whether ozonation imparts toxicity upon OSPW. A reference transcriptome of 25,342 contigs was constructed from RNA from livers of fathead minnows exposed to various experimental conditions. Exposure to untreated OSPW resulted in greater abundances of 104 transcripts and lesser abundances of 91 transcripts. Oxidative metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immune function were identified as processes affected by OSPW. Exposure to ozone-treated OSPW resulted in greater abundances of 57 transcripts and lesser abundances of 75 transcripts. However, in general, putative pathways for effects of OSPW in fathead minnows exposed to untreated OSPW were not identified in minnows exposed to ozone-treated OSPW, and pathways by which ozone-treated OSPW might have effects were not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve B Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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17
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhou T, Huang C, McLaughlin A, Chen G. Liver X receptor alpha mediated genistein induction of human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (hSULT2A1) in Hep G2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:106-12. [PMID: 23352501 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferases are one of the major families of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Sulfotransferase-catalyzed sulfonation regulates hormone activities, metabolizes drugs, detoxifies xenobiotics, and bioactivates carcinogens. Human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (hSULT2A1) plays important biological roles by sulfating endogenous hydroxysteroids and exogenous xenobiotics. Genistein, mainly existing in soy food products, is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen with both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. Our previous studies have shown that genistein significantly induces hSULT2A1 in Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the roles of liver X receptor (LXRα) in the genistein induction of hSULT2A1. LXRs have been shown to induce expression of mouse Sult2a9 and hSULT2A1 gene. Our results demonstrate that LXRα mediates the genistein induction of hSULT2A1, supported by Western blot analysis results, hSULT2A1 promoter driven luciferase reporter gene assay results, and mRNA interference results. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results demonstrate that genistein increase the recruitment of hLXRα binding to the hSULT2A1 promoter. These results suggest that hLXRα plays an important role in the hSULT2A1 gene regulation. The biological functions of phytoestrogens may partially relate to their induction activity toward hydroxysteroid SULT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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18
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Wallace BD, Redinbo MR. Xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors involved in drug metabolism: a structural perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 45:79-100. [PMID: 23210723 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.740049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic compounds undergo a critical range of biotransformations performed by the phase I, II, and III drug-metabolizing enzymes. The oxidation, conjugation, and transportation of potentially harmful xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds achieved by these catalytic systems are significantly regulated, at the gene expression level, by members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family of ligand-modulated transcription factors. Activation of NRs by a variety of endo- and exogenous chemicals are elemental to induction and repression of drug-metabolism pathways. The master xenobiotic sensing NRs, the promiscuous pregnane X receptor and less-promiscuous constitutive androstane receptor are crucial to initial ligand recognition, jump-starting the metabolic process. Other receptors, including farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, liver X receptor, and RAR-related orphan receptor, are not directly linked to promiscuous xenobiotic binding, but clearly play important roles in the modulation of metabolic gene expression. Crystallographic studies of the ligand-binding domains of nine NRs involved in drug metabolism provide key insights into ligand-based and constitutive activity, coregulator recruitment, and gene regulation. Structures of other, noncanonical transcription factors also shed light on secondary, but important, pathways of control. Pharmacological targeting of some of these nuclear and atypical receptors has been instituted as a means to treat metabolic and developmental disorders and provides a future avenue to be explored for other members of the xenobiotic-sensing NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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19
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Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang S, Chen G. Influenza A virus infection activates cholesterol sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) in the lung of female C57BL/6 mice. Biol Chem 2011; 392:869-76. [PMID: 21871008 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of hormones, neurotransmitters, and xenobiotics, increasing their water solubility. SULTs are not only important for xenobiotic detoxification but they also play important biological roles in the regulation of the activities of various biosignaling molecules and other cellular functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of influenza A virus lung infection on the expression of SULTs in the lung, brain, and liver of female C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that SULT2B1b enzyme activity and protein expression are significantly up-regulated in the lung and brain of female mice in response to lung influenza A virus infection. Real-time quantitative PCR results are consistent with Western blot and enzymatic activity data. In mouse liver, mSULT2B1b is not significantly changed. Enzyme activities, protein expression, and mRNA expression of SULT1A1 and SULT2A1 in the lung, brain, and liver of mice were not significantly affected by the infection. The induction of SULT2B1b may be used to inactivate natural liver X receptor ligands and activate the proliferation of T cells in response to influenza A virus infection in the lung and brain of mice. Our results raise the possibility that regulation of SULT2B1b may influence acquired immune responses to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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20
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Huang C, Zhou T, Chen Y, Sun T, Zhang S, Chen G. Estrogen-related receptor ERRα-mediated downregulation of human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) in Hep G2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 192:264-71. [PMID: 21513704 PMCID: PMC3111048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 catalyzes the sulfation of hydroxysteroids and xenobiotics. It plays an important role in the detoxification of hydroxyl-containing xenobiotics and in the regulation of the biological activities of hydroxysteroids. ERRα is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is closely related to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Here we report that the mRNA expression of human SULT2A1 was suppressed by ERRα in Hep G2 cells. To investigate the mechanisms of this regulation, the effects of ERRα on human SULT2A1 promoter transcription in Hep G2 cells were investigated. Reporter luciferase assay results showed that ERRα significantly represses human SULT2A1 promoter transcription in Hep G2 cells. Deletion analysis indicated that human SULT2A1 promoter region between positions -188 and -130 is necessary for its repression by ERRα in Hep G2 cells. The 5' DNA -188 to -130 region of human SULT2A1 contains IR2 and DR4 hormone response elements and two putative ERRα response elements (ERREs) (ERRE188: GCAAGCTCA and ERRE155: ATAAGTTCA). Interestingly, ERRE188 overlaps with the IR2 element and ERRE155 overlaps with the DR4 element. Our further investigation demonstrated that ERRα represses human SULT2A1 promoter transcription by competing with other nuclear receptors for binding to IR2 or DR4 elements. The interaction of ERRE188 and ERRE155 elements with ERRα was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Our results suggest that ERRα may play an important role in regulating the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics and in regulating endogenous hydroxysteroid activities via the regulation of SULT2A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Tianyan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Teng Sun
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Shufen Zhang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078 USA
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21
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Zhou T, Chen Y, Huang C, Chen G. Caffeine induction of sulfotransferases in rat liver and intestine. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:804-9. [PMID: 21721019 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases (SULTs) are important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. Regulation of SULTs by hormones and other endogenous molecules is relatively well understood, while xenobiotic induction of SULTs is not well studied. Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances. However, SULT regulation by caffeine has not been reported. In this report, male and female rats were treated with different oral doses of caffeine (2, 10, 50 mg kg⁻¹ per day) for 7 days. Western blot and real-time RT-PCR were used to investigate the changes in SULT protein and mRNA expression following the caffeine treatment. Caffeine induced both rat aryl sulfotransferase (rSULT1A1, AST-IV) and rat hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (rSULT2A1, STa) in the liver and intestine of female rats in a dose-dependent manner. Caffeine induction of rSULT1A1 and rSULT2A1 in the female rat intestine was much stronger than that in the liver. Although caffeine induced rSULT1A1 significantly in the male rat liver, it did not significantly induce rSULT2A1. In male rat intestine, caffeine significantly induced rSULT2A1. The different SULTs induction patterns in male and female rats suggest that the regulation of rat SULTs by caffeine may be affected by different hormone secretion patterns and levels. Our results suggest that consumption of caffeine can induce drug metabolizing SULTs in drug detoxification tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
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22
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Zhang Q, Pi J, Woods CG, Andersen ME. A systems biology perspective on Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 244:84-97. [PMID: 19716833 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells in vivo are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated endogenously and exogenously. To defend against the deleterious consequences of ROS, cells contain multiple antioxidant enzymes expressed in various cellular compartments to scavenge these toxic species. Under oxidative stresses, these antioxidant enzymes are upregulated to restore redox homeostasis. Such an adaptive response results from the activation of a redox-sensitive gene regulatory network mediated by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. To more completely understand how the redox control system is designed by nature to meet homeostatic goals, we have examined the network from a systems perspective using engineering approaches. As with man-made control devices, the redox control system can be decomposed into distinct functional modules, including transducer, controller, actuator, and plant. Cells achieve specific performance objectives by utilizing nested feedback loops, feedforward control, and ultrasensitive signaling motifs, etc. Given that endogenously generated ROS are also used as signaling molecules, our analysis suggests a novel mode of action to explain oxidative stress-induced pathological conditions and diseases. Specifically, by adaptively upregulating antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress may inadvertently attenuate ROS signals that mediate physiological processes, resulting in aberrations of cellular functions and adverse consequences. Lastly, by simultaneously considering the two competing cellular tasks-adaptive antioxidant defense and ROS signaling-we re-examine the premise that dietary antioxidant supplements is generally beneficial to human health. Our analysis highlights some possible adverse effects of these widely consumed antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Division of Computational Biology, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Phase I to II cross-induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes: a feedforward control mechanism for potential hormetic responses. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 237:345-56. [PMID: 19371757 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hormetic responses to xenobiotic exposure likely occur as a result of overcompensation by the homeostatic control systems operating in biological organisms. However, the mechanisms underlying overcompensation that leads to hormesis are still unclear. A well-known homeostatic circuit in the cell is the gene induction network comprising phase I, II and III metabolizing enzymes, which are responsible for xenobiotic detoxification, and in many cases, bioactivation. By formulating a differential equation-based computational model, we investigated in this study whether hormesis can arise from the operation of this gene/enzyme network. The model consists of two feedback and one feedforward controls. With the phase I negative feedback control, xenobiotic X activates nuclear receptors to induce cytochrome P450 enzyme, which bioactivates X into a reactive metabolite X'. With the phase II negative feedback control, X' activates transcription factor Nrf2 to induce phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and glutamate cysteine ligase, etc., which participate in a set of reactions that lead to the metabolism of X' into a less toxic conjugate X''. The feedforward control involves phase I to II cross-induction, in which the parent chemical X can also induce phase II enzymes directly through the nuclear receptor and indirectly through transcriptionally upregulating Nrf2. As a result of the active feedforward control, a steady-state hormetic relationship readily arises between the concentrations of the reactive metabolite X' and the extracellular parent chemical X to which the cell is exposed. The shape of dose-response evolves over time from initially monotonically increasing to J-shaped at the final steady state-a temporal sequence consistent with adaptation-mediated hormesis. The magnitude of the hormetic response is enhanced by increases in the feedforward gain, but attenuated by increases in the bioactivation or phase II feedback loop gains. Our study suggests a possibly common mechanism for the hormetic responses observed with many mutagens/carcinogens whose activities require bioactivation by phase I enzymes. Feedforward control, often operating in combination with negative feedback regulation in a homeostatic system, may be a general control theme responsible for steady-state hormesis.
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Baldwin WS, Roling JA. A concentration addition model for the activation of the constitutive androstane receptor by xenobiotic mixtures. Toxicol Sci 2008; 107:93-105. [PMID: 18832183 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of contaminants are typically studied in individual exposures; however, environmental exposures are rarely from a single contaminant. Therefore, the study of chemical mixtures is important in determining the effects of xenobiotics. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) responds to endobiotics and xenobiotics, and in turn induces detoxification enzymes involved in their elimination. First, we compared several androgens as inverse agonists, including androgens allegedly used by Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative to enhance athletic performance. CAR inverse agonists ranked in order of potency were dihydroandrosterone (DHA) > tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) > androstanol > norbolethone. Therefore, we used DHA as an inverse agonist during transactivation assays. Next, we examined the effects of several pesticides, plasticizers, steroids, and bile acids on CAR activation. Our data demonstrates that several pesticides and plasticizers, including diethylhexylphthalate, nonylphenol, cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos activate CAR. Both full and partial CAR activators were discovered, and EC(50) values and Hillslopes were determined for use in the concentration addition models. Concentration addition models with and without restraint values to account for partial activators were developed. Measured results from transactivation assays with a mixture of two to five chemicals indicate that the concentration addition model without restraints correctly predicts activity unless all of the chemicals in the mixture are partial activators, and then restraint values be considered. Overall, our data indicates that it is important to consider that we are exposed to a milieu of chemicals, and the efficacy of each individual chemical is not the sole factor in determining CAR's activity in mixture modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Baldwin
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, South Carolina 29670, USA.
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25
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Zamule SM, Strom SC, Omiecinski CJ. Preservation of hepatic phenotype in lentiviral-transduced primary human hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 173:179-86. [PMID: 18468591 PMCID: PMC2749468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors effectively transduce both dividing and non-dividing cells and stably integrate into the genome of the host cell. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of a lentiviral system for genetic modulation of primary human hepatocyte cultures. Infection with GFP-expressing lentivectors shows that Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines, as well as primary cultures of human hepatocytes, are efficiently transduced by lentiviral vectors. Real-time RT-PCR analyses demonstrate that infection with lentivectors does not alter hepatic hallmarks such as the expression of the nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, RXR alpha, or HNF4 alpha, or expression of the secretory protein, albumin. Additionally, infected hepatocytes retain the capacity for CYP3A4 induction in response to treatment with phenobarbital, a uniquely sensitive indicator of hepatic differentiation status. Lentivectors may be used for both over-expression and knockdown analyses in primary hepatocytes, as demonstrated in this study by >200-fold CAR over-expression and knockdown of CAR to less than 40% of endogenous levels, with corresponding effects on CYP2B6 expression. In summary, lentiviral vectors provide a novel methodology by which primary human hepatocytes may be stably genetically manipulated, with minimal effects on the differentiated hepatic phenotype. These approaches offer considerable advantage over current methodologies, providing a valuable alternative for use in pharmacological and toxicological investigations involving primary human hepatocyte models and potentially for cell-based therapeutics to treat hepatic dysfunction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Zamule
- Center for Molecular Toxicology & Carcinogenesis and the Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S407 S-BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Curtis J. Omiecinski
- Center for Molecular Toxicology & Carcinogenesis and the Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802
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Bian HS, Ngo SYY, Tan W, Wong CH, Boelsterli UA, Tan TMC. Induction of human sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A3) by glucocorticoids. Life Sci 2007; 81:1659-67. [PMID: 17963788 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases (SULTs) play an important role in the detoxification and bioactivation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. Studies on rat sulfotransferases had shown that SULT genes, like cytochrome P450 genes, can be regulated by ligands that bind nuclear receptors. For human SULT genes, the regulation of human SULT2A1 expression is currently the best characterized. In this study, we systematically examined the regulation of human SULT1A genes by glucocorticoids. Treatment of the human hepatocellular carcinoma derived HepG2 cells with 10(-7) M dexamethasone did not affect the SULT1A1 activity toward p-nitrophenol. In contrast, SULT1A3 activity toward dopamine was significantly induced. Transient transfection of the SULT1A3 5'-flanking region/luciferase reporter construct showed that SULT1A3 was responsive to dexamethasone and prednisolone in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal induction at 10(-7) M dexamethasone or 1 microM prednisolone. In addition, induction by dexamethasone was dependent on the level of expression of the glucocorticoid receptor. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region led to the identification of a putative glucocorticoid response element at position (-1211 to -1193) upstream of the transcription start site and deletion or mutation of this element resulted in a loss of response. In summary, the data from this study shows that the human SULT1A3 gene is inducible by glucocorticoids through a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated mechanism and the glucocorticoid response element at position (-1211 to -1193) is necessary for this induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sheng Bian
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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