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Vitek L, Hinds TD, Stec DE, Tiribelli C. The physiology of bilirubin: health and disease equilibrium. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:315-328. [PMID: 36828710 PMCID: PMC10023336 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin has several physiological functions, both beneficial and harmful. In addition to reactive oxygen species-scavenging activities, bilirubin has potent immunosuppressive effects associated with long-term pathophysiological sequelae. It has been recently recognized as a hormone with endocrine actions and interconnected effects on various cellular signaling pathways. Current studies show that bilirubin also decreases adiposity and prevents metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. All in all, the physiological importance of bilirubin is only now coming to light, and strategies for increasing plasma bilirubin levels to combat chronic diseases are starting to be considered. This review discusses the beneficial effects of increasing plasma bilirubin, incorporates emerging areas of bilirubin biology, and provides key concepts to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vitek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Ung TT, Nguyen TT, Li S, Han JY, Jung YD. Nicotine stimulates CYP1A1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via AP-1, NF-κB, and AhR. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:155-164. [PMID: 34171359 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a member of a subfamily of enzymes involved in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substrates and the chemical activation of xenobiotics to carcinogenic derivatives. Here, the effects of nicotine, a major psychoactive compound present in cigarette smoke, on CYP1A1 expression and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation were investigated. Nicotine stimulated CYP1A1 expression via the transcription factors, activator protein 1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as RelA (or p65), mediated the upregulation of CYP1A1 of nicotine in HepG2 cells. The antioxidant compound, N-acetyl-cysteine, abrogated nicotine-activated production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited CYP1A1 expression by nicotine. Furthermore, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Thus, these results demonstrated that AhR played an important role in nicotine-induced CYP1A1 expression. Additionally, liver hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with nicotine exhibited markedly enhanced proliferation via CYP1A1 expression and Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Nanogen Biopharmaceutical Company, Lot I - 5C Saigon Hitech Park, Tang Nhon Phu A Ward, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Nanogen Biopharmaceutical Company, Lot I - 5C Saigon Hitech Park, Tang Nhon Phu A Ward, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Wójtowicz AK. Triclosan affects the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in mouse neocortical neurons in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105143. [PMID: 33722737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a well-known compound that can be found in disinfectants, personal care products. There is one publication concerning the involvement of PPARγ in the mechanism of action of TCS. It is known that activation of PPARγ regulates the expression of the NF-κB mediated inflammation by acting on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes. However, there are no studies demonstrating a relationship between the effects of TCS on the PPARγ signaling pathway, changes in NF-κB expression, and NOS isoform synthesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TCS on the expression of PPARγ, NF-κB, nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS in mouse neocortical neurons. In addition, the effects of co-administration of synthetic alpha-naphthoflavone (αNF) or beta-naphthoflavone (βNF) flavonoids and triclosan were investigated. Our results show that TCS alters PPARγ, NF-κB, iNOS, and eNOS expression in mouse neurons in vitro. After 48 h of exposure, TCS increased PPARγ expression and decreased NF-κB expression. Moreover, under the influence of TCS, the expression of iNOS was increased and at the same time the expression of nNOS was decreased, which was probably caused by high levels of ROS. The experiments have shown that both αNF and βNF are able to modulate the effects of TCS in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna K Wójtowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Adama Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Kryshchyshyn-Dylevych A, Kaminskyy D, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, Lesyk R, Gmiński J. Induction of Cyp450 enzymes by 4-thiazolidinone-based derivatives in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:915-927. [PMID: 33219472 PMCID: PMC8102453 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
4-Thiazolidinones and related derivatives are regarded as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and a source of new drug-like compounds. To date it is known that thiazolidinones are able to induce CYP1A1 activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, to extend the knowledge of the mechanism of thiazolidinones in the cell, four chemically synthesized heterocycles were tested on 3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to Les-2194, Les-3640, Les-5935, and Les-6166. Our study showed that 1 μM βNF, Les-2194, and Les-6166 decreased the expression of Ahr mRNA. In turn, βNF, Les-2194, and Les-3640 increased the Cyp1a1 mRNA expression at the same time interval. On the other hand, Les-5935 was found to decrease the Cyp1a1 mRNA expression. Interestingly, the expression of Cyp1a2 mRNA was activated only by βNF and Les-2194. The expression of Cyp1b1 mRNA in the 3T3 cell line increased after the βNF and Les-2194 treatment but declined after the exposure to Les-5935 and Les-6166. Moreover, the Les-2194 and Les-5935 compounds were shown to increase the activity of EROD, MROD, and PROD. Les-3640 increased the activity of EROD and decreased the activity of PROD. In turn, the treatment with Les-6166 resulted in an increase in the activity of EROD and a decrease in the activity of MROD and PROD in the 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Kryshchyshyn-Dylevych
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Jan Gmiński
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
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Park CG, Sung B, Ryu CS, Kim YJ. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in zebrafish liver cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108704. [PMID: 31927120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the antioxidant and oxidative stress changes in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells in the presence of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). When reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels were measured by immunoassay, significant differences were observed between MEHP-treated and control cells, while catalase levels did not change in any group. MEHP-treated cells had higher levels of ROS, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than control cells. However, lower levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in MEHP-treated cells compared to control cells. After 24 h of MEHP treatment, ROS, SOD, GPx, and GST activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular lipid droplet formation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were both induced in the presence of MEHP. These findings demonstrated the potential impacts of the association of MEHP with adverse outcomes in fish liver. Future studies will focus on clarifying the molecular mechanism of phthalate toxicity via oxidative stress and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor as the major mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gyun Park
- Environmental Safety Group, JRC-APT, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Baeckkyoung Sung
- Environmental Safety Group, JRC-APT, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science and Technology, 34113 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Seon Ryu
- Environmental Safety Group, JRC-APT, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, JRC-APT, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science and Technology, 34113 Daejeon, Korea.
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Cook JC, Obert LA, Koza-Taylor P, Coskran TM, Opsahl AC, Ziemek D, Roy M, Qian J, Lawton MP, Criswell KA. From the Cover: Fenretinide, Troglitazone, and Elmiron Add to Weight of Evidence Support for Hemangiosarcoma Mode-of-Action From Studies in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2017; 161:58-75. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Han EH, Kim HG, Lee EJ, Jeong HG. Endosulfan Induces CYP1A1 Expression Mediated through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signal Transduction by Protein Kinase C. Toxicol Res 2016; 31:339-45. [PMID: 26877836 PMCID: PMC4751443 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP1A1 is a phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme whose expression is mainly driven by AhR. Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide used agriculturally for a wide range of crops. In this study, we investigated the effect of endosulfan on CYP1A1 expression and regulation. Endosulfan significantly increased CYP1A1 enzyme activity as well as mRNA and protein levels. In addition, endosulfan markedly induced XRE transcriptional activity. CH-223191, an AhR antagonist, blocked the endosulfan-induced increase in CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, endosulfan did not induce CYP1A1 gene expression in AhR-deficient mutant cells. Furthermore, endosulfan enhanced the phosphorylation of calcium calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and protein kinase C (PKC). In conclusion, endosulfan-induced up-regulation of CYP1A1 is associated with AhR activation, which may be mediated by PKC-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea; Biological Analysis Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Storvik M, Huuskonen P, Pehkonen P, Pasanen M. The unique characteristics of the placental transcriptome and the hormonal metabolism enzymes in placenta. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 47:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aceves C, Anguiano B, Delgado G. The extrathyronine actions of iodine as antioxidant, apoptotic, and differentiation factor in various tissues. Thyroid 2013; 23:938-46. [PMID: 23607319 PMCID: PMC3752513 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweed is an important dietary component and a rich source of iodine in several chemical forms in Asian communities. Their high consumption of this element (25 times higher than in Western countries) has been associated with the low incidence of benign and cancerous breast and prostate disease in Japanese people. SUMMARY We review evidence showing that, in addition to being a component of the thyroid hormone, iodine can be an antioxidant as well as an antiproliferative and differentiation agent that helps to maintain the integrity of several organs with the ability to take up iodine. In animal and human studies, molecular iodine (I2) supplementation exerts a suppressive effect on the development and size of both benign and cancerous neoplasias. Investigations by several groups have demonstrated that these effects can be mediated by a variety of mechanisms and pathways, including direct actions, in which the oxidized iodine dissipates the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby triggering mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis, and indirect effects through iodolipid formation and the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors type gamma, which, in turn, trigger apoptotic or differentiation pathways. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficient Disorders recommend that iodine intake be increased to at least 3 mg/day of I2 in specific pathologies to obtain the potential extrathyroidal benefits described in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aceves
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Juriquilla, Mexico.
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Horakova O, Medrikova D, van Schothorst EM, Bunschoten A, Flachs P, Kus V, Kuda O, Bardova K, Janovska P, Hensler M, Rossmeisl M, Wang-Sattler R, Prehn C, Adamski J, Illig T, Keijer J, Kopecky J. Preservation of metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle by a combined use of n-3 PUFA and rosiglitazone in dietary obese mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43764. [PMID: 22952760 PMCID: PMC3432031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the key defect in type 2 diabetes (T2D), is associated with a low capacity to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, i.e., metabolic inflexibility. This, in turn, contributes to a further damage of insulin signaling. Effectiveness of T2D treatment depends in large part on the improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic adaptability of the muscle, the main site of whole-body glucose utilization. We have shown previously in mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet that a combined use of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), anti-diabetic drugs, preserved metabolic health and synergistically improved muscle insulin sensitivity. We investigated here whether n-3 LC-PUFA could elicit additive beneficial effects on metabolic flexibility when combined with a TZD drug rosiglitazone. Adult male C57BL/6N mice were fed an obesogenic corn oil-based high-fat diet (cHF) for 8 weeks, or randomly assigned to various interventions: cHF with n-3 LC-PUFA concentrate replacing 15% of dietary lipids (cHF+F), cHF with 10 mg rosiglitazone/kg diet (cHF+ROSI), cHF+F+ROSI, or chow-fed. Indirect calorimetry demonstrated superior preservation of metabolic flexibility to carbohydrates in response to the combined intervention. Metabolomic and gene expression analyses in the muscle suggested distinct and complementary effects of the interventions, with n-3 LC-PUFA supporting complete oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria and the combination with n-3 LC-PUFA and rosiglitazone augmenting insulin sensitivity by the modulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism. These beneficial metabolic effects were associated with the activation of the switch between glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers, especially in the cHF+F+ROSI mice. Our results further support the idea that the combined use of n-3 LC-PUFA and TZDs could improve the efficacy of the therapy of obese and diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Horakova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Medrikova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evert M. van Schothorst
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Bunschoten
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kus
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hensler
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
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Han EH, Hwang YP, Kim HG, Choi JH, Park BH, Song GY, Lee GW, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein β activation by capsaicin contributes to the regulation of CYP1A1 expression, mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1600-13. [PMID: 21250977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Capsaicin, a constituent of peppers, has been linked to the suppression of tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis. The influence of capsaicin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, which is involved in metabolism of carcinogens, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of capsaicin on CYP1A1 expression in mouse hepatoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Murine hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells were incubated with capsaicin and/or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). Effects of capsaicin on CYP1A1 levels were determined by analysing mRNA expression, transcription activity and protein expression. Regulation of CYP1A1 was investigated by determining transcriptional factor expression, activation and binding activity with cotreatment with target signal antagonists. KEY RESULTS Capsaicin alone slightly induced CYP1A1 activity, mRNA expression, protein level and promoter activity. Treatment with transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 receptor (TRPV1) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist decreased induction of CYP1A1 expression by capsaicin. Additionally, capsaicin significantly inhibited 3-MC-induced CYP1A1 mRNA and protein level and xenobiotic response element-luciferase activity. Capsaicin also inhibited 3-MC-induced AhR transactivation and nuclear localization of AhRs. Moreover, capsaicin increased Ca(2+) /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) activation, downstream of TRPV1 receptors. Capsaicin-induced C/EBPβ activation inhibited induction of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein by 3-MC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Capsaicin alone weakly induced CYP1A1 expression, and 3-MC-induced CYP1A1 levels were suppressed by capsaicin. Activation of C/EBPβ and inhibition of 3-MC-induced AhR transactivation by capsaicin contributed to the suppression of CYP1A1 expression. Capsaicin has a potential chemopreventive effect through inhibiting induction of CYP1A1 by poly aryl hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Sekimoto M. [Sex- and species-differences on xenobiotic-induced toxicity: differences in constitutive and xenobiotic-mediated expression of cytochrome P450 1A subfamily enzymes (CYP1As)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:415-22. [PMID: 21372538 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A subfamily enzymes (CYP1As) are important molecules in the metabolic activation of carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines and are induced by their substrate exposure. There are species, sex, and organ differences in the induction of CYP1As, and susceptibilities to carcinogens are closely related to the constitutive and carcinogen-induced levels of CYP1As in target organs of experimental rodents. In this study, we investigated the induction of CYP1As and their species or sex differences after treatment with various chemicals using experimental animals and cultured cell lines. We found that: 1) newly established reporter cell lines, HepG2-A10 and KanR2-XL8, can be used for determining of activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a key transcription factor in the expression of CYP1As; 2) monocyclic aromatic amine (2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline) induced hepatic CYP1As in rats but not in other rodents in an AhR-independent manner; 3) androgen suppressed the constitutive expression or heterocyclic aromatic amine (Trp-P-1)-dependent induction of these enzymes in pigs and mice; and 4) nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, increased hepatic CYP1A expression in rats and augmented 3-methylcholanthrene-mediated induction of CYP1As and DNA-adduct formation in HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that there are species or sex differences in the induction of hepatic CYP1As via AhR-independent and unexplained transcriptional mechanisms. The elucidation of these mechanisms will aid in finding new predictors or developing new prevention strategies for chemical-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Sekimoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.
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Akinyeke TO, Stewart LV. Troglitazone suppresses c-Myc levels in human prostate cancer cells via a PPARγ-independent mechanism. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:1046-58. [PMID: 21525782 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.12.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Troglitazone is a ligand for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) that decreases growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism by which troglitazone reduces prostate cancer cell growth is not fully understood. To understand the signaling pathways involved in troglitazone-induced decreases in prostate cancer growth, we examined the effect of troglitazone on androgen-independent C4-2 human prostate cancer cells. Initial experiments revealed troglitazone inhibited C4-2 cell proliferation by arresting cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Since the proto-oncogene product c-Myc regulates both apoptosis and cell cycle progression, we next examined whether troglitazone altered expression of c-Myc. Troglitazone decreased c-Myc protein levels as well as expression of downstream targets of c-Myc in a dose-dependent manner. In C4-2 cells, troglitazone-induced decreases in c-Myc protein involve proteasome-mediated degradation of c-Myc protein as well as reductions in c-Myc mRNA levels. It appears that troglitazone stimulates degradation of c-Myc by increasing c-Myc phosphorylation, for the level of phosphorylated c-Myc was elevated in prostate cancer cells exposed to troglitazone. While troglitazone dramatically decreased the amount of c-Myc within C4-2 cells, the PPARγ ligands ciglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone did not reduce c-Myc protein levels. Furthermore the down-regulation of c-Myc by troglitazone was not blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and siRNA-mediated decreases in PPARγ protein. Thus, our data suggest that troglitazone reduces c-Myc protein independently of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde O Akinyeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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Hosaka T, Sekimoto M, Nemoto K, Degawa M. Augmentation of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced bioactivation in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 by the calcium channel blocker nicardipine. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:652-7. [PMID: 20067464 PMCID: PMC11158203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The abilities of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nicardipine (Nic) to induce cytochrome P450 1 family enzymes (CYP1s) and to enhance the 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-mediated induction of CYP1s and formation of MC-DNA adduct were examined in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The results from real time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Nic could induce CYP1 mRNAs and enhance the MC-mediated induction of the CYP1 mRNAs. The luciferase-reporter gene assay using the HepG2-A10 cell line, which has been previously established for the screening of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activators, also indicated the augmentation of MC-mediated activation of AhR (induction of luciferase) by Nic, although Nic showed limited capacity for the activation of AhR. Furthermore, the results from the Western blot analysis of CYP1s, the enzyme activity assay, and the assay for MC-DNA adduct formation indicated that Nic could enhance the MC-mediated induction of CYP1s, especially CYP1A1. Furthermore, the intracellular accumulation level of [(3)H]MC after treatment of HepG2 cells with [(3)H]MC significantly increased in the presence of Nic. The present findings demonstrate that Nic can enhance the MC-mediated induction of CYP1s, especially CYP1A1, and the formation of MC-DNA adduct in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the augmentation of the MC-mediated bioactivation by Nic is demonstrated to occur mainly through an increase in intracellular accumulation of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuomi Hosaka
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Han EH, Kim HG, Im JH, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Up-regulation of CYP1A1 by rutaecarpine is dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor and calcium. Toxicology 2009; 266:38-47. [PMID: 19853001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rutaecarpine is a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal fruit, Evodia rutaecarpa. In the present study, we investigated the effect of rutaecarpine on CYP1A1 expression mediated by [Ca(2+)] and the AhR pathway in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Rutaecarpine also significantly increased CYP1A1 enzyme activity and mRNA and protein levels. Rutaecarpine markedly induced XRE and AhR binding activity. CH-223191, an AhR antagonist, blocked the rutaecarpine-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activity and mRNA and protein expression. In addition, rutaecarpine remarkably induced the phosphorylation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK). W7 and BAPTA/AM, a CaM antagonist and an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, respectively, blocked the rutaecarpine-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activity and mRNA and protein expression. These results indicate that rutaecarpine induces CYP1A1 expression through AhR- and calcium-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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Monostory K, Pascussi JM, Kóbori L, Dvorak Z. Hormonal regulation of CYP1A expression. Drug Metab Rev 2009; 41:547-72. [DOI: 10.1080/03602530903112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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