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Cheng M, Tao X, Wang F, Shen N, Xu Z, Hu Y, Huang P, Luo P, He Q, Zhang Y, Yan F. Underlying mechanisms and management strategies for regorafenib-induced toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39225462 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2398628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85% of liver cancer cases and is the third leading cause of cancer death. Regorafenib is a multi-target inhibitor that dramatically prolongs progression-free survival in HCC patients who have failed sorafenib therapy. However, one of the primary factors limiting regorafenib's clinical utilization is toxicity. Using Clinical Trials.gov and PubMed, we gathered clinical data on regorafenib and conducted a extensive analysis of the medication's adverse reactions and mechanisms. Next, we suggested suitable management techniques to improve regorafenib's effectiveness. AREAS COVERED We have reviewed the mechanisms by which regorafenib-induced toxicity occurs and general management strategies through clinical trials of regorafenib. Furthermore, by examining the literature on regorafenib and other tyrosine kinase inhibition, we summarized the mechanics of the onset of regorafenib toxicity and mechanism-based intervention strategies by reviewing the literature related to regorafenib and other tyrosine kinase inhibition. EXPERT OPINION One of the primary factors restricting regorafenib's clinical utilization and combination therapy is its toxicity reactions. To optimize regorafenib treatment regimens, it is especially important to further understand the specific toxicity mechanisms of regorafenib as a multi-kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Tao
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Outpatient Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nonger Shen
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuai Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Huang Y, Zhen Y, Chen Y, Sui S, Zhang L. Unraveling the interplay between RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and autophagy in cancer: From molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115842. [PMID: 37802240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), which widely participate in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and signaling transduction. Autophagy is an essential mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading aged and damaged organelles. Recently, some studies revealed RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is closely related to autophagy regulation and has a dual effect in tumor cells. However, the specific mechanism by which RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway participates in autophagy regulation is not fully understood. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress with regard to the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and autophagy, as well as their interplay in cancer therapy. The impact of small molecule inhibitors that target the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway on autophagy is discussed in this study. The advantages and limitations of the clinical combination of these small molecule inhibitors with autophagy inhibitors are also explored. The findings from this study may provide additional perspectives for future cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Huang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shaoguang Sui
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Modulation of autophagy: a Phase II study of vorinostat plus hydroxychloroquine versus regorafenib in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1153-1161. [PMID: 35739299 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), regorafenib (RGF), a multi-kinase inhibitor with angiogenic inhibition has modest effects on survival. We reported that autophagy modulation using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), enhances the anticancer activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat (VOR), in mCRC, is well tolerated, and has comparable activity to RGF. Thus, we conducted a prospective study of VOR/HCQ versus RGF in mCRC. METHODS This is a randomised, controlled trial of VOR 400 mg and HCQ 600 mg orally daily versus RGF 160 mg orally daily (3 weeks on/1 week off), every 4 weeks, in patients with mCRC. PRIMARY ENDPOINT median progression-free survival (mPFS). Secondary endpoints: median overall survival (mOS); adverse events; pharmacodynamic analyses. RESULTS From 2/2015-10/2017, 42 patients were randomised to VOR/HCQ and RGF. Median age was 58.4 years. mPFS on VOR/HCQ was 1.9 months versus 4.35 months with RGF (P = 0.032). There was no difference in mOS (P = 0.9). Treatment was tolerated in both arms. In both arms, there was improved anti-tumour immunity. CONCLUSIONS VOR/HCQ had an inferior PFS when compared to RGF, although there was an increase in anti-tumour immunity in mCRC. VOR/HCQ has a favourable safety profile, and immune or tumour biomarkers may be used to identify clinical benefit of autophagy modulation in mCRC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02316340.
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Ek F, Blom K, Selvin T, Rudfeldt J, Andersson C, Senkowski W, Brechot C, Nygren P, Larsson R, Jarvius M, Fryknäs M. Sorafenib and nitazoxanide disrupt mitochondrial function and inhibit regrowth capacity in three-dimensional models of hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8943. [PMID: 35624293 PMCID: PMC9142582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells in malignant tumors can withstand cell-cycle active treatment and cause cancer spread and recurrence. Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell models have led to the identification of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as a context-dependent vulnerability. The limited treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) metastatic to the liver include the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and regorafenib. Off-target effects of sorafenib and regorafenib are related to OXPHOS inhibition; however the importance of this feature to the effect on tumor cells has not been investigated in 3D models. We began by assessing global transcriptional responses in monolayer cell cultures, then moved on to multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and tumoroids generated from a CRC patient. Cells were treated with chemotherapeutics, kinase inhibitors, and the OXPHOS inhibitors. Cells grown in 3D cultures were sensitive to the OXPHOS inhibitor nitazoxanide, sorafenib, and regorafenib and resistant to other multikinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, nitazoxanide and sorafenib reduced viability, regrowth potential and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential in an additive manner at clinically relevant concentrations. This study demonstrates that the OXPHOS inhibition caused by sorafenib and regorafenib parallels 3D activity and can be further investigated for new combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Ek
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Blom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Selvin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Rudfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Andersson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Senkowski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Nygren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rocca C, De Francesco EM, Pasqua T, Granieri MC, De Bartolo A, Gallo Cantafio ME, Muoio MG, Gentile M, Neri A, Angelone T, Viglietto G, Amodio N. Mitochondrial Determinants of Anti-Cancer Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030520. [PMID: 35327322 PMCID: PMC8945454 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for the maintenance of myocardial tissue homeostasis, playing a pivotal role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and thermogenesis, as well as in the regulation of crucial pathways involved in cell survival. On this basis, it is not surprising that structural and functional impairments of mitochondria can lead to contractile dysfunction, and have been widely implicated in the onset of diverse cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and stroke. Several studies support mitochondrial targets as major determinants of the cardiotoxic effects triggered by an increasing number of chemotherapeutic agents used for both solid and hematological tumors. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by such anticancer therapeutics is due to different mechanisms, generally altering the mitochondrial respiratory chain, energy production, and mitochondrial dynamics, or inducing mitochondrial oxidative/nitrative stress, eventually culminating in cell death. The present review summarizes key mitochondrial processes mediating the cardiotoxic effects of anti-neoplastic drugs, with a specific focus on anthracyclines (ANTs), receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.G.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy; (E.M.D.F.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Concetta Granieri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.G.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.G.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Grazia Muoio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy; (E.M.D.F.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, “Annunziata” Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Hematology Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.G.); (A.D.B.)
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.E.G.C.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (N.A.)
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Guo L, Tang T, Fang D, Gong H, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Yan M. An Insight on the Pathways Involved in Crizotinib and Sunitinib Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells and Animal Model. Front Oncol 2022; 12:749954. [PMID: 35155225 PMCID: PMC8832280 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.749954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both crizotinib and sunitinib, novel orally-active multikinase inhibitors, exhibit antitumor activity and extend the survival of patients with a malignant tumor. However, some patients may suffer liver injury that can further limit the clinical use of these drugs, however the mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity are still to be elucidated. Thus, our study was designed to use HepG2 cells in vitro and the ICR mice model in vivo to investigate the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by crizotinib and sunitinib. Male ICR mice were treated orally with crizotinib (70 mg/kg/day) or sunitinib (7.5 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. The results demonstrated that crizotinib and sunitinib caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and chronic liver injury in mice, which were associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or necrosis. Crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced oxidative stress was accompanied by increasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Notably, the activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1/Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling pathway was involved in the process of oxidative stress, and partially protected against oxidative stress. Crizotinib and sunitinib induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, which was characterized by decreasing Bcl2/Bax ratio to dissipate the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing apoptotic markers levels. Moreover, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK improved the cell viability and alleviated liver damage, which further indicated the presence of apoptosis. Taken together, this study demonstrated that crizotinib- and sunitinib-caused oxidative stress and apoptosis finally impaired hepatic function, which was strongly supported by the histopathological lesions and markedly increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingli Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueyin Zhou
- Orthodontic Department of Xiangya Stomatology Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leiyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Thanapirom K, Caon E, Papatheodoridi M, Frenguelli L, Al-Akkad W, Zhenzhen Z, Vilia MG, Pinzani M, Mazza G, Rombouts K. Optimization and Validation of a Novel Three-Dimensional Co-Culture System in Decellularized Human Liver Scaffold for the Study of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194936. [PMID: 34638417 PMCID: PMC8508071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aims to overcome the current methodological limitations in discovering new therapeutic targets. Therefore, we optimized and validated a co-culture system using decellularized human liver three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds obtained from healthy and cirrhotic human livers for anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer dual drug screening. Both platforms mimic the naturally healthy and physio-pathological microenvironment and are able to recapitulate the key cellular and molecular events leading to liver fibrogenesis and cancer. This study demonstrates the differences between single versus co-cultures and the usage of human-derived liver 3D ECM scaffolds from healthy and cirrhotic livers. As lead compounds, we used Sorafenib and Regorafenib, first- and second-line drugs, and identified two different drug-induced mechanisms depending on the 3D ECM microenvironment. The 3D ECM scaffolds may represent innovative platforms for disease modeling, biomarker discovery, and drug testing in fibrosis and primary cancer. Abstract The introduction of new preclinical models for in vitro drug discovery and testing based on 3D tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) is very much awaited. This study was aimed at developing and validating a co-culture model using decellularized human liver 3D ECM scaffolds as a platform for anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer drug testing. Decellularized 3D scaffolds obtained from healthy and cirrhotic human livers were bioengineered with LX2 and HEPG2 as single and co-cultures for up to 13 days and validated as a new drug-testing platform. Pro-fibrogenic markers and cancer phenotypic gene/protein expression and secretion were differently affected when single and co-cultures were exposed to TGF-β1 with specific ECM-dependent effects. The anti-fibrotic efficacy of Sorafenib significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced pro-fibrogenic effects, which coincided with a downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. The anti-cancer efficacy of Regorafenib was significantly reduced in 3D bioengineered cells when compared to 2D cultures and dose-dependently associated with cell apoptosis by cleaved PARP-1 activation and P-STAT3 inhibition. Regorafenib reversed TGF-β1-induced P-STAT3 and SHP-1 through induction of epithelial mesenchymal marker E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin protein expression in both co-cultures engrafting healthy and cirrhotic 3D scaffolds. In their complex, the results of the study suggest that this newly proposed 3D co-culture platform is able to reproduce the natural physio-pathological microenvironment and could be employed for anti-fibrotic and anti-HCC drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Thanapirom
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Elisabetta Caon
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Margarita Papatheodoridi
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Luca Frenguelli
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Walid Al-Akkad
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Zhang Zhenzhen
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Vilia
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (K.T.); (E.C.); (M.P.); (L.F.); (W.A.-A.); (Z.Z.); (M.G.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Low-viscosity matrix suspension culture enables scalable analysis of patient-derived organoids and tumoroids from the large intestine. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1067. [PMID: 34518628 PMCID: PMC8438070 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell embedment into a solid support matrix is considered essential for the culture of intestinal epithelial organoids and tumoroids, but this technique presents challenges that impede scalable culture expansion, experimental manipulation, high-throughput screening and diagnostic applications. We have developed a low-viscosity matrix (LVM) suspension culture method that enables efficient establishment and propagation of organoids and tumoroids from the human large intestine. Organoids and tumoroids cultured in LVM suspension recapitulate the morphological development observed in solid matrices, with tumoroids reflecting the histological features and genetic heterogeneity of primary colorectal cancers. We demonstrate the utility of LVM suspension culture for organoid and tumoroid bioreactor applications and biobanking, as well as tumoroid high-throughput drug sensitivity testing. These methods provide opportunities for the study and use of patient-derived organoids and tumoroids from the large intestine. Given the practical limitations of solid matrix-based protocols in organoid culture, Yumiko Hirokawa et al. assess the ability of low-concentration Matrigel conditions to promote intestinal organoid growth. Their results suggest that a low-viscosity culture system can improve live cell yield compared to the existing dome method, while maintaining similar morphology, and represents a useful approach for high-throughput applications of organoids.
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Watanabe D, Fujii H, Yamada Y, Matsuhashi N, Makiyama A, Iihara H, Takahashi T, Kiyama S, Kobayashi R, Yoshida K, Suzuki A. Association of albumin-bilirubin score in patients with colorectal cancer receiving later-line chemotherapy with regorafenib. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1257-1263. [PMID: 33839963 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib is recognized as a later-line standard treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this study, we examined the association of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score in patients with mCRC receiving later-line chemotherapy with regorafenib. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with mCRC treated with regorafenib in a later line between January 2013 and December 2019. Patients were divided into a Normal-ALBI group (ALBI grade 1) and a High-ALBI group (ALBI grades 2 and 3). Primary endpoint was median overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints were median time to treatment failure (TTF) and incidence of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Data from 60 patients were analyzed (Normal-ALBI group: 32 patients and High-ALBI group: 28 patients). Median OS [10.23 vs. 3.70 months, hazard ratio (HR): 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-3.13, p = 0.041] and median TTF (2.27 vs. 1.78 months, HR: 1.78, 95%CI 1.02-3.09, p = 0.042) were significantly longer in the Normal-ALBI group than High-ALBI group. On Cox proportional hazard analysis, ALBI score was significantly correlated with OS. The incidence of liver dysfunction (grade ≥ 2) was significantly higher in the High-ALBI than the Normal-ALBI group (42.9% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.041), whereas other AEs were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION ALBI was strongly associated with the prognosis of patients with mCRC treated with regorafenib and with the occurrence of liver-related adverse events. These findings may imply that patients with a high ALBI score should not be treated with regorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yunami Yamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akitaka Makiyama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Iihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kiyama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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10
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Guo L, Gong H, Tang TL, Zhang BK, Zhang LY, Yan M. Crizotinib and Sunitinib Induce Hepatotoxicity and Mitochondrial Apoptosis in L02 Cells via ROS and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620934. [PMID: 33597889 PMCID: PMC7883288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been raised on crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms need further examination. In addition, limited therapeutic strategies exist to reduce the liver damage caused by crizotinib and sunitinib. This study investigated the mechanisms of crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity and the potential mitigation through ROS and Nrf2 signaling. Firstly, crizotinib and sunitinib reduced cell viability in human liver cells (L02 cells) and triggered dramatic liver injury in mice. Subsequently, we found that crizotinib and sunitinib activated the oxidative stress response (decreased level of GPx and SOD, and increased MDA content) in vivo. Crizotinib and sunitinib also stimulated hepatocyte mitochondrial apoptosis and necrosis in L02 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies further confirmed that crizotinib and sunitinib decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and activated apoptosis-associated proteins (cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase3, cytochrome c, Bcl2 and Bax). Furthermore, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that crizotinib and sunitinib accumulated ROS and inhibited Nrf2 signaling, and that ROS scavenger NAC and Nrf2 agonist tBHQ alleviated the extent of cell damage and the mitochondrial apoptosis during crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity in L02 cells. Collectively, these findings indicated that NAC and tBHQ play the crucial roles in crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced mitochondrial apoptosis via the regulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-Li Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Wang D, Fan C, Tang J. Regorafenib Suppresses Migration of and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020200004181122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Wuhan Huaxia University of Technology, China
| | - Ceji Fan
- Wuhan Huaxia University of Technology, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Wuhan Huaxia University of Technology, China
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12
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Jiang H, Jin Y, Yan H, Xu Z, Yang B, He Q, Luo P. Hepatotoxicity of FDA-approved small molecule kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 20:335-348. [PMID: 33356646 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1867104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Given their importance in cellular processes and association with numerous diseases, protein kinases have emerged as promising targets for drugs. The FDA has approved greater than fifty small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) since 2001. Nevertheless, severe hepatotoxicity and related fatal cases have grown as a potential challenge in the advancement of these drugs, and the identification and diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are thorny problems for clinicians.Areas covered: This article summarizes the progression and analyzes the significant features in the study of SMKI hepatotoxicity, including clinical observations and investigations of the underlying mechanisms.Expert opinion: The understanding of SMKI-associated hepatotoxicity relies on the development of preclinical models and improvement of clinical assessment. With a full understanding of the role of inflammation in DILI and the mediating role of cytokines in inflammation, cytokines are promising candidates as sensitive and specific biomarkers for DILI. The emergence of three-dimensional spheroid models demonstrates potential use in providing clinically relevant data and predicting hepatotoxicity of SMKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
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13
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Houron C, Danielou M, Mir O, Fromenty B, Perlemuter G, Voican CS. Multikinase inhibitor-induced liver injury in patients with cancer: A review for clinicians. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103127. [PMID: 33161366 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multikinase inhibitors (MKI) are targeted molecular agents that have revolutionized cancer management. However, there is a paucity of data concerning MKI-related liver injury risk and clinical guidelines for the management of liver toxicity in patients receiving MKI for cancer are scarce. DESIGN We conducted a PubMed search of articles in English published from January 2000 to December 2018 related to hepatotoxicity of the 29 FDA-approved MKIs at doses used in clinical practice. The search terms were the international non-proprietary name of each agent cross-referenced with «hepatotoxicity», «hepatitis», «hepatic adverse event», or «liver failure», and «phase II clinical trial», «phase III clinical trial», or «case report». RESULTS Following this search, 140 relevant studies and 99 case reports were considered. Although asymptomatic elevation of aminotransferase levels has been frequently observed in MKI clinical trials, clinically significant hepatotoxicity is a rare event. In most cases, the interval between treatment initiation and the onset of liver injury is between one week and two months. Liver toxicity is often hepatocellular and less frequently mixed. Life-threatening MKI-induced hepatic injury has been described, involving fulminant liver failure or death. Starting from existing data, a description of MKI-related liver events, grading of hepatotoxicity risk, and recommendations for management are also given for various MKI molecules. CONCLUSION All MKIs can potentially cause liver injury, which is sometimes irreversible. As there is still no strategy available to prevent MKI-related hepatotoxicity, early detection remains crucial. The surveillance of liver function during treatment may help in the early detection of hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, the exclusion of potential causes of hepatic injury is essential to avoid unnecessary MKI withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Houron
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Labex LERMIT, F-92140, Clamart, France
| | - Marie Danielou
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92140, Clamart, France
| | - Olivier Mir
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Department of Ambulatory Care, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Labex LERMIT, F-92140, Clamart, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92140, Clamart, France.
| | - Cosmin Sebastian Voican
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U996, DHU Hepatinov, Labex LERMIT, F-92140, Clamart, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92140, Clamart, France
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14
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Boran T, Akyildiz AG, Jannuzzi AT, Alpertunga B. Extended regorafenib treatment can be linked with mitochondrial damage leading to cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 336:39-49. [PMID: 33166663 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regorafenib (RGF) has a great success in the treatment of colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic kinases. However, RGF can induce life-threatening cardiotoxicity including hypertension and cardiac ischemia/infarction. The molecular mechanism of the adverse effects has not been elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major causes of cardiac diseases since cardiac cells highly need ATP for their contractility. Therefore, we aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms of RGF-induced cardiac adverse effects using H9c2 cell model by focusing on mitochondria. Cells were treated with 0-20 μM RGF for 48 and 72 h. According to our results, RGF inhibited cell proliferation and decreased the ATP content of the cells depending on the exposure time and concentration. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed at high dose. Mitochondrial fusion/fission genes and antioxidant SOD2 (superoxide dismutase) gene expression levels increased at high doses in both treatments. Mitochondrial DNA content decreased as exposure time and concentration increased. Also, protein expression levels of mitochondrial complex I and V have reduced and stress protein HSP70 level has increased following RGF treatment. Structural abnormalities in mitochondria was seen with transmission electron microscopy at the applied higher doses. Our findings suggest that RGF-induced cardiotoxicity may be associated with mitochondrial damage in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Boran
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey; Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Vatan Street, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Digiacomo G, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Bonelli MA, Cretella D, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Galetti M, Bertolini P, Missale G, Petronini PG. Simultaneous Combination of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib With Regorafenib Induces Enhanced Anti-tumor Effects in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563249. [PMID: 33072590 PMCID: PMC7539564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Alterations of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway occur frequently in HCC, providing the rationale for its targeting at least in a molecular subset of HCC. In a panel of HCC cell lines, we investigated whether the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib might improve the efficacy of regorafenib, a powerful multi-kinase inhibitor approved as second-line treatment for advanced HCC after sorafenib failure and currently under clinical investigation as first-line therapy in combination with immunotherapy. In Rb-proficient cells, the simultaneous drug combination, but not the sequential schedules, inhibited cell proliferation, either in short or in long-term experiments, and induced cell death more strongly than individual treatments. Moreover, the combination significantly reduced spheroid cell growth and inhibited cell migration/invasion. The superior efficacy of palbociclib plus regorafenib emerged also under hypoxia and was associated with a significant down-regulation of CDK4/6-Rb-myc and mTORC1/p70S6K signaling. Moreover, regorafenib suppressed palbociclib-induced expression of cyclin D1 contributing to the cytotoxic effects of the combination. Besides these inhibitory effects on cell viability/proliferation, palbociclib and regorafenib reduced glucose uptake, although this effect was dependent on the cell model and on the oxygen availability (normoxia or hypoxia). Palbociclib and regorafenib combination impaired glucose uptake and utilization, down-regulating basal and hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, GLUT-1, and MCT4 proteins as well as the activity/expression of glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PFKP, aldolase A, PKM2). In addition, regorafenib alone reduced mitochondrial respiration. The combined treatment impaired glucose metabolism and respiration without enhancing the effects of the single agents. Our findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the effectiveness of palbociclib and regorafenib combination in HCC cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mara A Bonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Cretella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bertolini
- Paediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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Sirt3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells sensitivity to regorafenib through the acceleration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108415. [PMID: 32562663 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regorafenib, a multiple kinase inhibitor, is recently approved for treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies demonstrated that regorafenib was a mitochondrial toxicant, which associated with the impairment of mitochondria. Sirt3 is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function in cancers. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Sirt3 involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction which associated with regorafenib treatment in liver cancer cells. We found regorafenib inhibited Sirt3 and p-ERK expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Sirt3 expression was down-regulated in liver cancer tissues and its low expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in liver cancer patients. After transfected with Sirt3 overexpression plasmid, we found that Sirt3 sensitized liver cancer cells to regorafenib and resulted in much more apoptosis with a significant increase of ROS level. However, exogenous antioxidant could not weaken the apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential assay indicated that Sirt3 overexpression accelerated the mitochondrial depolarization process induced by regorafenib and aggravated mitochondrial injury. Cellular oxygen consumption assay showed that mitochondrial dysfunction was caused by the damage of the electron transport chain. The results demonstrated that Sirt3 overexpression promoted the increase of ROS and apoptosis induced by regorafenib through the acceleration of mitochondrial dysfunction by impairing function of the electron transport chain in liver cancer cells. Our studies verified the functional role of Sirt3 in regorafenib treatment and suggested that regorafenib accompanied with Sirt3 activator as a novel treatment strategy for HCC.
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17
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Fuscoe JC, Vijay V, Hanig JP, Han T, Ren L, Greenhaw JJ, Beger RD, Pence LM, Shi Q. Hepatic Transcript Profiles of Cytochrome P450 Genes Predict Sex Differences in Drug Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:447-458. [PMID: 32193355 PMCID: PMC7250365 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety assessments of new drug candidates are an important part of the drug development and approval process. Often, possible sex-associated susceptibilities are not adequately addressed, and better assessment tools are needed. We hypothesized that hepatic transcript profiles of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes can be used to predict sex-associated differences in drug metabolism and possible adverse events. Comprehensive hepatic transcript profiles were generated for F344 rats of both sexes at nine ages, from 2 weeks (preweaning) to 104 weeks (elderly). Large differences in the transcript profiles of 29 drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters were found between adult males and females (8-52 weeks). Using the PharmaPendium data base, 41 drugs were found to be metabolized by one or two P450 enzymes encoded by sexually dimorphic mRNAs and thus were candidates for evaluation of possible sexually dimorphic metabolism and/or toxicities. Suspension cultures of primary hepatocytes from three male and three female adult rats (10-13 weeks old) were used to evaluate the metabolism of 11 drugs predicted to have sexually dimorphic metabolism. The pharmacokinetics of the drug or its metabolite was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring. Of those drugs with adequate metabolism, the predicted significant sex-different metabolism was found for six of seven drugs, with half-lives 37%-400% longer in female hepatocytes than in male hepatocytes. Thus, in this rat model, transcript profiles may allow identification of potential sex-related differences in drug metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present study showed that sex-different expression of genes coding for drug metabolizing enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450s, could be used to predict sex-different drug metabolism and, thus, provide a new tool for protecting susceptible subpopulations from possible adverse drug events.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Fuscoe
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Vikrant Vijay
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Tao Han
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Lijun Ren
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - James J Greenhaw
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Lisa M Pence
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas (J.C.F., V.V., T.H., L.R., J.J.G., R.D.B., L.M.P., Q.S.); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (J.P.H.)
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18
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Rodríguez-Hernández MA, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Gallego P, Navarro-Villarán E, Staňková P, Del Campo JA, Kučera O, Elkalaf M, Maseko TE, Červinková Z, Muntané J. Dose-dependent regulation of mitochondrial function and cell death pathway by sorafenib in liver cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113902. [PMID: 32156660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sorafenib is the first line recommended therapy for patients with locally advanced/metastatic HCC. The low response rate is attributed to intrinsic resistance of HCC cells to Sorafenib. The potential resistance to Sorafenib-induced cell death is multifactorial and involves all hallmarks of cancer. However, the presence of sub-therapeutic dose can negatively influence the antitumoral properties of the drug. In this sense, the present study showed that the sub-optimal Sorafenib concentration (10 nM) was associated with activation of caspase-9, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sustained autophagy, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells. The increased mitochondrial respiration by Sorafenib (10 nM) was also observed in permeabilized HepG2 cells, but not in isolated rat mitochondria, which suggests the involvement of an upstream component in this regulatory mechanism. The basal glycolysis was dose dependently increased at early time point studied (6 h). Interestingly, Sorafenib increased nitric oxide (NO) generation that played an inhibitory role in mitochondrial respiration in sub-therapeutic dose of Sorafenib. The administration of sustained therapeutic dose of Sorafenib (10 µM, 24 h) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dropped basal glycolysis derived acidification, as well as increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2. In conclusion, the accurate control of the administered dose of Sorafenib is relevant for the potential prosurvival or proapoptotic properties induced by the drug in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; COST-European Cooperation in Science & Technology, Mitoeagle Action number: CA15203, Brussels, Belgium
| | - José A Del Campo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; COST-European Cooperation in Science & Technology, Mitoeagle Action number: CA15203, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tumisang E Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; COST-European Cooperation in Science & Technology, Mitoeagle Action number: CA15203, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; COST-European Cooperation in Science & Technology, Mitoeagle Action number: CA15203, Brussels, Belgium; Department of General Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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19
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Rodríguez-Hernández MA, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, López-Grueso MJ, Navarro-Villarán E, Requejo-Aguilar R, Castejón-Vega B, Negrete M, Gallego P, Vega-Ochoa Á, Victor VM, Cordero MD, Del Campo JA, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA, Muntané J. Integrated molecular signaling involving mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of cell metabolism induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101510. [PMID: 32593127 PMCID: PMC7322178 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have unlimited replicative potential, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, cellular stress, and sustained angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Cancer cells adequately adapt cell metabolism and integrate several intracellular and redox signaling to promote cell survival in an inflammatory and hypoxic microenvironment in order to maintain/expand tumor phenotype. The administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) constitutes the recommended therapeutic strategy in different malignancies at advanced stages. There are important interrelationships between cell stress, redox status, mitochondrial function, metabolism and cellular signaling pathways leading to cell survival/death. The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest widely related to the antitumoral properties of TKIs result from tightly controlled events involving different cellular compartments and signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to update the most relevant studies dealing with the impact of TKI treatment on cell function. The induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Ca2+ disturbances, leading to alteration of mitochondrial function, redox status and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways that involve cell metabolism reprogramming in cancer cells will be covered. Emphasis will be given to studies that identify key components of the integrated molecular pattern including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) downstream signaling, cell death and mitochondria-related events that appear to be involved in the resistance of cancer cells to TKI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - P de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mª José López-Grueso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castejón-Vega
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Negrete
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Gallego
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases, Hospital University "Nuestra Señora de Valme", Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Vega-Ochoa
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital University "Doctor Peset", Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, Spain
| | - José A Del Campo
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases, Hospital University "Nuestra Señora de Valme", Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Antonio Bárcena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - C Alicia Padilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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20
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Rodríguez-Hernández MA, Chapresto-Garzón R, Cadenas M, Navarro-Villarán E, Negrete M, Gómez-Bravo MA, Victor VM, Padillo FJ, Muntané J. Differential effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 2D/3D culture according to cell differentiation, p53 status and mitochondrial respiration in liver cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32382022 PMCID: PMC7206079 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib and Regorafenib are the recommended first- and second-line therapies in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib have shown non-inferior antitumoral activities compared with the corresponding recommended therapies. The clinical trials have established recommended doses for each treatment that lead different blood concentrations in patients for Sorafenib (10 µM), Regorafenib (1 µM), Lenvatinib (0.1 µM), and Cabozantinib (1 µM). However, very low response rates are observed in patients attributed to intrinsic resistances or upregulation of survival signaling. The aim of the study was the comparative dose-response analysis of the drugs (0-100 µM) in well-differentiated (HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7), moderately (SNU423), and poorly (SNU449) differentiated liver cancer cells in 2D/3D cultures. Cells harbors wild-type p53 (HepG2), non-sense p53 mutation (Hep3B), inframe p53 gene deletion (SNU423), and p53 point mutation (Huh7 and SNU449). The administration of regular used in vitro dose (10 µM) in 3D and 2D cultures, as well as the dose-response analysis in 2D cultures showed Sorafenib and Regorafenib were increasingly effective in reducing cell proliferation, and inducing apoptosis in well-differentiated and expressing wild-type p53 in HCC cells. Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib were particularly effective in moderately to poorly differentiated cells with mutated or lacking p53 that have lower basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP, and maximal respiration capacity than observed in differentiated HCC cells. Sorafenib and Regorafenib downregulated, and Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor (c-Met) in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: Sorafenib and Regorafenib were especially active in well-differentiated cells, with wild-type p53 and increased mitochondrial respiration. By contrast, Lenvatinib and Cabozantinib appeared more effective in moderately to poorly differentiated cells with mutated p53 and low mitochondrial respiration. The development of strategies that allow us to deliver increased doses in tumors might potentially enhance the effectiveness of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Chapresto-Garzón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Miryam Cadenas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Negrete
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Bravo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville/IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Padillo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville/IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville/IBIS, Seville, Spain.
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21
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Juengpanich S, Topatana W, Lu C, Staiculescu D, Li S, Cao J, Lin J, Hu J, Chen M, Chen J, Cai X. Role of cellular, molecular and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: Possible targets and future directions in the regorafenib era. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1778-1792. [PMID: 32162677 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains as one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality, despite the recent development of new therapeutic options. Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the first systemic therapy that has a survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC that have a poor response to sorafenib. Even though regorafenib has been approved by the FDA, the clinical trial for regorafenib treatment does not show significant improvement in overall survival. The impaired efficacy of regorafenib caused by various resistance mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, oxidative stress, fibrosis and autophagy, still needs to be resolved. In this review, we provide insight on regorafenib microenvironmental, molecular and cellular mechanisms and interactions in HCC treatment. The aim of this review is to help physicians select patients that would obtain the maximal benefits from regorafenib in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarun Juengpanich
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Win Topatana
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Staiculescu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Shi Q, Yang X, Ren L, Mattes WB. Recent advances in understanding the hepatotoxicity associated with protein kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:217-226. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1727886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs I, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lijun Ren
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - William B. Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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23
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Inselman A, Liu F, Wang C, Shi Q, Pang L, Mattes W, White M, Lyn-Cook B, Rosas-Hernandez H, Cuevas E, Lantz S, Imam S, Ali S, Petibone DM, Shemansky JM, Xiong R, Wang Y, Tripathi P, Cao X, Heflich RH, Slikker W. Dr. Daniel Acosta and In Vitro toxicology at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's National Center for Toxicological Research. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 64:104471. [PMID: 31628011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For the past five years, Dr. Daniel Acosta has served as the Deputy Director of Research at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), a principle research laboratory of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Over his career at NCTR, Dr. Acosta has had a major impact on developing and promoting the use of in vitro assays in regulatory toxicity and product safety assessments. As Dr. Acosta nears his retirement we have dedicated this paper to his many accomplishments at the NCTR. Described within this paper are some of the in vitro studies that have been conducted under Dr. Acosta's leadership. These studies include toxicological assessments involving developmental effects, and the development and application of in vitro reproductive, heart, liver, neurological and airway cell and tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Inselman
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR 72916, USA
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | - Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Susan Lantz
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Syed Imam
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Syed Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Dayton M Petibone
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jennifer M Shemansky
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Priya Tripathi
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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24
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Wang H, Chen J, Suda M, Yanagiba Y, Weng Z, Wang RS. Acute inhalation co-exposure to 1,2-dichloropropane and dichloromethane cause liver damage by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and defense ability in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:260-270. [PMID: 30240022 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) is used as an industrial solvent, insecticide fumigant and household dry cleaning product. Carcinogenicity caused by long-term exposure to 1,2-DCP is well established. However, the possible liver damage and related toxic mechanisms associated with acute inhalation exposure to 1,2-DCP are rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of individual and combined exposure to 1,2-DCP and dichloromethane (DCM) on mice liver. The results showed that 1,2-DCP significantly caused liver necrosis, possibly due to 1,2-DCP-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I-IV activities, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and extreme ATP consumption. Moreover, 1,2-DCP also decreased mitochondrial defense ability by inhibiting the mitochondrial glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) activity, further aggravating liver damage. Additionally, we found that DCM co-exposure potentially enhanced 1,2-DCP toxicity. Our findings suggest that inhibition of mitochondrial function and MGST1 activity play critical roles in modulating 1,2-DCP-induced liver damage. Furthermore, our results contribute to study the new mechanism of mitochondria-dominated signaling pathways underlying liver injury induced by 1,2-DCP and DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hufei Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Megumi Suda
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yukie Yanagiba
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
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25
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Xiang X, Gao T, Zhang BR, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Surface functional groups affect CdTe QDs behavior at mitochondrial level. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1071-1080. [PMID: 30542601 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are used in the bio-medical area because of their excellent optical properties. Their biomedical utilization has remained a serious biosecurity concern. Cytotoxicity experiments have shown that QD toxicity is connected to the properties of the QDs. In this paper, the toxicity of QDs was studied from the aspect of surface functional groups at the mitochondrial level. Three types of ligands, thioglycollic acid (TGA), mercaptoethylamine (MEA) and l-cysteine (l-Cys), which have similar structures but different functional groups were used to coat CdTe QDs. The effects of the three types of CdTe QDs on mitochondria were then observed. The experimental results showed the three types of CdTe QDs could impair mitochondrial respiration, destroy membrane potential and induce mitochondrial swelling. Interestingly, MEA-CdTe QDs showed similar effects on membrane potential and mitochondrial swelling as did l-Cys-CdTe QDs, while TGA-CdTe QDs showed stronger effects than that of the two other QDs. Moreover, the three types of CdTe QDs showed significantly different effects on mitochondrial membrane fluidity. MEA-CdTe QDs decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity, l-Cys-CdTe QDs showed no obvious influence on mitochondrial membrane fluidity and TGA-CdTe QDs increased mitochondrial membrane fluidity. The interaction mechanism of CdTe QDs on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores as well as Cd2+ release by CdTe QDs were checked to determine the reason for their different effects on mitochondria. The results showed that the impact of the three types of CdTe QDs on mitochondria was not only related to the released metal ion, but also to their interaction with MPT pore proteins. This work emphasizes the importance of surface functional groups in the behavior of CdTe QDs at the sub-cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Tao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Bo-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-27-68756667.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , PR China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science , Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning , 530001 , PR China
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26
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Jackson KD, Durandis R, Vergne MJ. Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in the Metabolic Activation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2367. [PMID: 30103502 PMCID: PMC6121577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are a rapidly expanding class of molecular targeted therapies for the treatment of various types of cancer and other diseases. An increasing number of clinically important small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to undergo cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation to form chemically reactive, potentially toxic products. Metabolic activation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors is proposed to contribute to the development of serious adverse reactions, including idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. This article will review recent findings and ongoing studies to elucidate the link between drug metabolism and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klarissa D Jackson
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - Rebecca Durandis
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - Matthew J Vergne
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
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27
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Paech F, Abegg VF, Duthaler U, Terracciano L, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Sunitinib induces hepatocyte mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in mice. Toxicology 2018; 409:13-23. [PMID: 30031043 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reports concerning hepatic mitochondrial toxicity of sunitinib are conflicting. We therefore decided to conduct a toxicological study in mice. After having determined the highest dose that did not affect nutrient ingestion and body weight, we treated mice orally with sunitinib (7.5 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, peak sunitinib plasma concentrations were comparable to those achieved in humans and liver concentrations were approximately 25-fold higher than in plasma. Sunitinib did not affect body weight, but increased plasma ALT activity 6-fold. The activity of enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) was decreased numerically in freshly isolated and complex III activity significantly in previously frozen liver mitochondria. In previously frozen mitochondria, sunitinib decreased NADH oxidase activity concentration-dependently in both treatment groups. The hepatic mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and superoxide dismutase 2 expression were increased in sunitinib-treated mice. Protein and mRNA expression of several subunits of mitochondrial enzyme complexes were decreased in mitochondria from sunitinib-treated mice. Protein expression of PGC-1α, citrate synthase activity and mtDNA copy number were all decreased in livers of sunitinib-treated mice, indicating impaired mitochondrial proliferation. Caspase 3 activation and TUNEL-positive hepatocytes were increased in livers of sunitinib-treated mice, indicating hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, sunitinib caused concentration-dependent toxicity in isolated mitochondria at concentrations reached in livers in vivo and inhibited hepatic mitochondrial proliferation. Daily mitochondrial insults and impaired mitochondrial proliferation most likely explain hepatocellular injury observed in mice treated with sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa F Abegg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Switzerland.
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28
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Xia M, Huang R, Shi Q, Boyd WA, Zhao J, Sun N, Rice JR, Dunlap PE, Hackstadt AJ, Bridge MF, Smith MV, Dai S, Zheng W, Chu PH, Gerhold D, Witt KL, DeVito M, Freedman JH, Austin CP, Houck KA, Thomas RS, Paules RS, Tice RR, Simeonov A. Comprehensive Analyses and Prioritization of Tox21 10K Chemicals Affecting Mitochondrial Function by in-Depth Mechanistic Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:077010. [PMID: 30059008 PMCID: PMC6112376 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A central challenge in toxicity testing is the large number of chemicals in commerce that lack toxicological assessment. In response, the Tox21 program is re-focusing toxicity testing from animal studies to less expensive and higher throughput in vitro methods using target/pathway-specific, mechanism-driven assays. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to use an in-depth mechanistic study approach to prioritize and characterize the chemicals affecting mitochondrial function. METHODS We used a tiered testing approach to prioritize for more extensive testing 622 compounds identified from a primary, quantitative high-throughput screen of 8,300 unique small molecules, including drugs and industrial chemicals, as potential mitochondrial toxicants by their ability to significantly decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Based on results from secondary MMP assays in HepG2 cells and rat hepatocytes, 34 compounds were selected for testing in tertiary assays that included formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of p53 and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), mitochondrial oxygen consumption, cellular Parkin translocation, and larval development and ATP status in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS A group of known mitochondrial complex inhibitors (e.g., rotenone) and uncouplers (e.g., chlorfenapyr), as well as potential novel complex inhibitors and uncouplers, were detected. From this study, we identified four not well-characterized potential mitochondrial toxicants (lasalocid, picoxystrobin, pinacyanol, and triclocarban) that merit additional in vivo characterization. CONCLUSIONS The tier-based approach for identifying and mechanistically characterizing mitochondrial toxicants can potentially reduce animal use in toxicological testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2589.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Windy A Boyd
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nuo Sun
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie R Rice
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul E Dunlap
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Matt F Bridge
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sheng Dai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Gerhold
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan H Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keith A Houck
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Russell S Thomas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard S Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond R Tice
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Zhang J, Ren L, Yang X, White M, Greenhaw J, Harris T, Wu Q, Bryant M, Papoian T, Mattes W, Shi Q. Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:138-148. [PMID: 29655783 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the 34 FDA approved oral small-molecule kinase inhibitors (KI), 23 (68%) have warnings for hepatotoxicity in product labeling. To better understand the mechanisms of KI hepatotoxicity and whether such effects can be predicted, we examined 34 KIs for cytotoxicity in primary rat and human hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were treated with KIs at ten concentrations normalized to maximal therapeutic blood levels (Cmax). At 5 and 24 h post treatment, lactate dehydrogenase or alanine aminotransferase leakage, caspase 3/7 activities and cellular adenosine triphosphate levels were measured. At 1 to 100-fold Cmax, while 5 KIs were neither toxic to human nor rat hepatocytes, 3 KIs showed similar cytotoxicity in both species and 26 KIs showed species-biased cytotoxicity, with 16 KIs being more toxic to human hepatocytes and 10 KIs being more toxic to rat hepatocytes. At concentrations of 1-, 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 100-fold Cmax, the number of cytotoxic KIs in human hepatocytes was 4, 8, 11, 14 and 27, respectively, and the corresponding number in rat hepatocytes was 1, 4, 9, 12 and 27, respectively. When hepatocyte cytotoxicity at 100-fold Cmax was used to predict KI clinical hepatotoxicity reflected in product labeling, the accuracy was 0.65 with human hepatocytes and 0.59 with rat cells. When the criterion of daily dose ≥100 mg or Cmax ≥1.1 μM was used to predict KI hepatotoxicity, the accuracy was 0.56 or 0.47, respectively. These results suggest both indirect and direct drug-induced hepatocyte toxicity may contribute to the mechanisms of KI-induced hepatotoxicity seen clinically and use of primary hepatocytes is a useful in vitro model to help predict such toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Lijun Ren
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs I, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - James Greenhaw
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Tashika Harris
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA; University of Arkansas in Little Rock, Little Rock, USA
| | - Qiangen Wu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Thomas Papoian
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs I, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, USA
| | - William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA.
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30
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Zhao P, Wang Y, Kang X, Wu A, Yin W, Tang Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Duan Y, Huang Y. Dual-targeting biomimetic delivery for anti-glioma activity via remodeling the tumor microenvironment and directing macrophage-mediated immunotherapy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2674-2689. [PMID: 29732051 PMCID: PMC5914428 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04853j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual-targeting biomimetic codelivery and treatment strategy was developed for anti-glioma activity.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The polarization from the protumor M2 (TAM2) to antitumor M1 (TAM1) phenotype can not only lift the immunosuppressive constraints and elicit cytotoxic T-cell immunity but also augment the chemotherapy efficacy. However, the treatment feasibility by TAM modulation in brain tumors and the mechanisms remained unknown. A dual-targeting biomimetic codelivery and treatment strategy was developed for anti-glioma activity. We demonstrated that the albumin nanoparticles modified with dual ligands, a transferrin receptor (TfR)-binding peptide T12 and mannose, efficiently passed through the BBB via the nutrient transporters (i.e., TfR and the albumin-binding receptor SPARC) that were both overexpressed in the BBB and glioma cells, thus achieving biomimetic delivery to glioma. Importantly, after penetrating the BBB, this system can take advantage of the overexpression of the SPARC and mannose receptors on TAM2, thus also targeting the protumor TAM2. With the codelivery disulfiram/copper complex and regorafenib, the system efficiently inhibited the glioma cell proliferation and successfully “re-educated” the protumor TAM2 towards antitumor TAM1. The treatment efficacy was examined in the glioma-bearing nude mice and immunocompetent mice. It showed this system yielded an enhanced treatment outcome, owing to the synergistic combination of chemotherapy and macrophage-directed immunotherapy. The importance of this delivery and therapeutic strategy was to remodel the immune microenvironment and reprogram TAM and trigger macrophage-directed anti-glioma immunotherapy via the interplay of the TAM, Treg, and CD8+ T cells and the effector cytokines. The albumin-based biomimetic brain delivery also provides a promising method for the pharmacotherapy of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981.,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science , 182 Tianmushan Rd , Hangzhou 310013 , China.,Nanchang University College of Pharmacy , 461 Bayi Rd , Nanchang 330006 , China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981
| | - Xuejia Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Tropical Medicine Institute , 12 Jichang Rd , Guangzhou 501450 , China
| | - Aihua Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Tropical Medicine Institute , 12 Jichang Rd , Guangzhou 501450 , China
| | - Weimin Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981.,Nanchang University College of Pharmacy , 461 Bayi Rd , Nanchang 330006 , China
| | - Yisi Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Tropical Medicine Institute , 12 Jichang Rd , Guangzhou 501450 , China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981
| | - Yifei Duan
- Nanchang University College of Pharmacy , 461 Bayi Rd , Nanchang 330006 , China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Rd , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-2023-1981
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31
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Mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity of the kinase inhibitors ponatinib, regorafenib and sorafenib in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Toxicology 2018; 395:34-44. [PMID: 29341879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that certain kinase inhibitors are mitochondrial toxicants. In the current investigation, we determined the mechanisms of mitochondrial impairment by the kinase inhibitors ponatinib, regorafenib, and sorafenib in more detail. In HepG2 cells cultured in galactose and exposed for 24 h, all three kinase inhibitors investigated depleted the cellular ATP pools at lower concentrations than cytotoxicity occurred, compatible with mitochondrial toxicity. The kinase inhibitors impaired the activity of different complexes of the respiratory chain in HepG2 cells exposed to the toxicants for 24 h and in isolated mouse liver mitochondria exposed acutely. As a consequence, they increased mitochondrial production of ROS in HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential concentration-dependently. In HepG2 cells exposed for 24 h, they induced mitochondrial fragmentation, lysosome content and mitophagy as well as mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis and/or necrosis. In conclusion, the kinase inhibitors ponatinib, regorafenib, and sorafenib impaired the function of the respiratory chain, which was associated with increased ROS production and a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Despite activation of defense measures such as mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, some cells were liquidated concentration-dependently by apoptosis or necrosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a toxicological mechanism of hepatotoxicity associated with certain kinase inhibitors.
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32
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Mingard C, Paech F, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Mechanisms of toxicity associated with six tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human hepatocyte cell lines. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:418-431. [PMID: 29072336 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of certain cancers. They are usually well tolerated, but can cause adverse reactions including liver injury. Currently, mechanisms of hepatotoxicity associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are only partially clarified. We therefore aimed at investigating the toxicity of regorafenib, sorafenib, ponatinib, crizotinib, dasatinib and pazopanib on HepG2 and partially on HepaRG cells. Regorafenib and sorafenib strongly inhibited oxidative metabolism (measured by the Seahorse-XF24 analyzer) and glycolysis, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis and/or necrosis of HepG2 cells at concentrations similar to steady-state plasma concentrations in humans. In HepaRG cells, pretreatment with rifampicin decreased membrane toxicity (measured as adenylate kinase release) and dissipation of adenosine triphosphate stores, indicating that toxicity was associated mainly with the parent drugs. Ponatinib strongly impaired oxidative metabolism but only weakly glycolysis, and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells at concentrations higher than steady-state plasma concentrations in humans. Crizotinib and dasatinib did not significantly affect mitochondrial functions and inhibited glycolysis only weakly, but induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Pazopanib was associated with a weak increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation and inhibition of glycolysis without being cytotoxic. In conclusion, regorafenib and sorafenib are strong mitochondrial toxicants and inhibitors of glycolysis at clinically relevant concentrations. Ponatinib affects mitochondria and glycolysis at higher concentrations than reached in plasma (but possibly in liver), whereas crizotinib, dasatinib and pazopanib showed no relevant toxicity. Mitochondrial toxicity and inhibition of glycolysis most likely explain hepatotoxicity associated with regorafenib, sorafenib and possibly pazopanib, but not for the other compounds investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Mingard
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, Switzerland
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33
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Xiang X, Wu C, Zhang BR, Gao T, Zhao J, Ma L, Jiang FL, Liu Y. The relationship between the length of surface ligand and effects of CdTe quantum dots on the physiological functions of isolated mitochondria. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1108-1116. [PMID: 28672691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of Quantum dots (QDs) should be assessed comprehensively for their fast spreading applications. Many studies have shown the toxicity of QDs is associated with their surface ligands. In this work, two analog ligands with one carbon difference, 2-mercaptoacetic acid (TGA) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were used as coating materials in the syntheses of two types of CdTe QDs with similar physicochemical properties. Then the biological effects of QDs on isolated mitochondria were studied. It was found that the two types of QDs could impair mitochondrial respiration and induce mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). However, as compared with TGA-CdTe QDs, MPA-CdTe QDs had a stronger effect on MPT. The weaker effect of TGA-CdTe QDs on MPT might be owing to their better stability and thus less amount of released Cd2+, which could be further explained by the stronger affinity between the ligand (TGA) and the cadmium complexes in the crystal growth of QDs. These results highlighted the importance of ligands responsible for the toxicity of QDs at the sub-cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Can Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Bo-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Tao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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34
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Zhao B, Zhao H. Incidence and risk of regorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84102-84111. [PMID: 29137408 PMCID: PMC5663580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatments of several malignancies. Unlike traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, regorafenib therapy often induces a distinct profile of adverse events (AEs) including hepatotoxicity. Here we conducted an up-to-date meta-analysis to assess the incidence and risk of regorafenib related hepatic toxicities. PubMed and Embase database were reviewed from inception to June 2017 for relevant trials. Eligible studies include subjects with solid tumors treated with 160 mg of regorafenib daily during the first three week of each four-week cycle, and adequate safety data reporting the elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence and relative risk (RR). A total of 2,213 subjects from 14 trials were included. The incidences of regorafenib-associated all-grade and high-grade hepatotoxicity were: bilirubin elevation: 23% and 5%; AST elevation: 32% and 6%; ALT elevation: 27% and 5%; ALP elevation: 31% and 2%. Regorafenib-treated subjects had a significant increased risk of all-grade (RR = 3.10; 95% CI, 2.22–4.34) and high-grade (RR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.09–2.80) bilirubin elevation; all-grade (RR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.13–2.00) and high-grade (RR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.00–3.22) AST elevation; all-grade (RR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.25–2.64) and high-grade (RR = 3.07; 95% CI, 1.30–7.22) ALT elevation; and all-grade (RR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.01–4.40) ALP elevation. Our results suggest that regorafenib is associated with an increased risk of hepatic toxicities. Hepatotoxicity examination at regular intervals should be advised to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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35
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Hepatotoxicity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: clinical practice and evidence. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-017-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Paech F, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Hepatocellular Toxicity Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Mitochondrial Damage and Inhibition of Glycolysis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:367. [PMID: 28659801 PMCID: PMC5469902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are anticancer drugs with a lesser toxicity than classical chemotherapeutic agents but still with a narrow therapeutic window. While hepatotoxicity is known for most TKIs, underlying mechanisms remain mostly unclear. We therefore aimed at investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity for imatinib, sunitinib, lapatinib and erlotinib in vitro. We treated HepG2 cells, HepaRG cells and mouse liver mitochondria with TKIs (concentrations 1–100 μM) for different periods of time and assessed toxicity. In HepG2 cells maintained with glucose (favoring glycolysis), all TKIs showed a time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and, except erlotinib, a drop in intracellular ATP. In the presence of galactose (favoring mitochondrial metabolism), imatinib, sunitinib and erlotinib showed a similar toxicity profile as for glucose whereas lapatinib was less toxic. For imatinib, lapatinib and sunitinib, cytotoxicity increased in HepaRG cells induced with rifampicin, suggesting formation of toxic metabolites. In contrast, erlotinib was more toxic in HepaRG cells under basal than CYP-induced conditions. Imatinib, sunitinib and lapatinib reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells and in mouse liver mitochondria. In HepG2 cells, these compounds increased reactive oxygen species production, impaired glycolysis, and induced apoptosis. In addition, imatinib and sunitinib impaired oxygen consumption and activities of complex I and III (only imatinib), and reduced the cellular GSH pool. In conclusion, imatinib and sunitinib are mitochondrial toxicants after acute and long-term exposure and inhibit glycolysis. Lapatinib affected mitochondria only weakly and inhibited glycolysis, whereas the cytotoxicity of erlotinib could not be explained by a mitochondrial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
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37
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Wang WJ, Xu ZL, Yu C, Xu XH. Effects of aflatoxin B1 on mitochondrial respiration, ROS generation and apoptosis in broiler cardiomyocytes. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1561-1568. [PMID: 28401999 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- The People's Hospital of Hanchuan City; Hanchuan China
| | - Cheng Yu
- College of Life Sciences; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- The People's Hospital of Hanchuan City; Hanchuan China
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38
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Zhang J, Salminen A, Yang X, Luo Y, Wu Q, White M, Greenhaw J, Ren L, Bryant M, Salminen W, Papoian T, Mattes W, Shi Q. Effects of 31 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors on isolated rat liver mitochondria. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2921-2938. [PMID: 28032146 PMCID: PMC5515969 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The FDA has approved 31 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (KIs) for human use as of November 2016, with six having black box warnings for hepatotoxicity (BBW-H) in product labeling. The precise mechanisms and risk factors for KI-induced hepatotoxicity are poorly understood. Here, the 31 KIs were tested in isolated rat liver mitochondria, an in vitro system recently proposed to be a useful tool to predict drug-induced hepatotoxicity in humans. The KIs were incubated with mitochondria or submitochondrial particles at concentrations ranging from therapeutic maximal blood concentrations (Cmax) levels to 100-fold Cmax levels. Ten endpoints were measured, including oxygen consumption rate, inner membrane potential, cytochrome c release, swelling, reactive oxygen species, and individual respiratory chain complex (I–V) activities. Of the 31 KIs examined only three including sorafenib, regorafenib and pazopanib, all of which are hepatotoxic, caused significant mitochondrial toxicity at concentrations equal to the Cmax, indicating that mitochondrial toxicity likely contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity associated with these KIs. At concentrations equal to 100-fold Cmax, 18 KIs were found to be toxic to mitochondria, and among six KIs with BBW-H, mitochondrial injury was induced by regorafenib, lapatinib, idelalisib, and pazopanib, but not ponatinib, or sunitinib. Mitochondrial liability at 100-fold Cmax had a positive predictive power (PPV) of 72% and negative predictive power (NPV) of 33% in predicting human KI hepatotoxicity as defined by product labeling, with the sensitivity and specificity being 62% and 44%, respectively. Similar predictive power was obtained using the criterion of Cmax ≥1.1 µM or daily dose ≥100 mg. Mitochondrial liability at 1–2.5-fold Cmax showed a 100% PPV and specificity, though the NPV and sensitivity were 32% and 14%, respectively. These data provide novel mechanistic insights into KI hepatotoxicity and indicate that mitochondrial toxicity at therapeutic levels can help identify hepatotoxic KIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Alec Salminen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Biomedical Engineering 2016, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yong Luo
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiangen Wu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - James Greenhaw
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Lijun Ren
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - William Salminen
- ProNatural Brands LLC, 1174 Southwest 5th Avenue, Boca Raton, FL, 33432, USA
| | - Thomas Papoian
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs I, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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39
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Schroeder B, Li Z, Cranmer LD, Jones RL, Pollack SM. Targeting gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the role of regorafenib. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3009-16. [PMID: 27284251 PMCID: PMC4881930 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a devastating disease in the metastatic setting, but its natural history has been dramatically altered by the development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, most notably imatinib. Although patients with advanced GIST live much longer today than they did in the past, imatinib-refractory disease remains a tremendous problem. For disease that is refractory to imatinib and sunitinib, regorafenib is an excellent option. In this review, we discuss the biology and clinical work establishing regorafenib as the standard of care for advanced GIST refractory to both imatinib and sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schroeder
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zula Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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40
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Zhang DX, Zhang JP, Hu JY, Huang YS. The potential regulatory roles of NAD(+) and its metabolism in autophagy. Metabolism 2016; 65:454-62. [PMID: 26975537 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
(Macro)autophagy mediates the bulk degradation of defective organelles, long-lived proteins and protein aggregates in lysosomes and plays a critical role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Defective autophagy processes have been found to contribute to a variety of metabolic diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy are not fully understood. Increasing data indicate that nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD(+)) homeostasis correlates intimately with autophagy. NAD(+) is a ubiquitous coenzyme that functions primarily as an electron carrier of oxidoreductase in multiple redox reactions. Both NAD(+) homeostasis and its metabolism are thought to play critical roles in regulating autophagy. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of NAD(+) and its metabolism can influence autophagy. We focus on the regulation of NAD(+)/NADH homeostasis and the effects of NAD(+) consumption by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), NAD(+)-dependent deacetylation by sirtuins and NAD(+) metabolites on autophagy processes and the underlying mechanisms. Future studies should provide more direct evidence for the regulation of autophagy processes by NAD(+). A better understanding of the critical roles of NAD(+) and its metabolites on autophagy will shed light on the complexity of autophagy regulation, which is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic tools for autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, PR China, 400038
| | - Jia-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, PR China, 400038
| | - Jiong-Yu Hu
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China, 400038
| | - Yue-Sheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, PR China, 400038.
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41
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Luo Y, Yang X, Shi Q. The cytochrome P450 inhibitor SKF-525A disrupts autophagy in primary rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 255:55-62. [PMID: 26964495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor SKF-525A is commonly used to study drug metabolism and toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity. By using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, we unexpectedly found that SKF-525A at 2-20 μM caused remarkable accumulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3-II) in primary rat hepatocytes at 1, 4 and 24 h, indicating that autophagy was disrupted. SKF-525A showed no effects on chloroquine induced LC3-II accumulation, suggesting that autophagic flux was blocked, which is further supported by the increased level of the p62 protein after SKF-525A treatment. SKF-525A did not affect proteasome activities or gene expression of LC3-II or p62. Immunofluorescence of green fluorescent protein fused lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1, a specific protein marker for lysosomes) and LC3-II showed that co-localization of these two proteins was partially abolished by SKF-525A, indicating that autophagosome-lysosome fusion was blocked. The other five CYP inhibitors, metyrapone, 1-aminobenzotriazole, alpha-naphthoflavone, ticlopidine, and ketoconazole, showed no effects in parallel experiments. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which various CYP inhibitors differentially affect a same drug's toxicity in hepatocytes. The data also indicate that SKF-525A is not an ideal chemical inhibitor for probing the relation between CYP mediated metabolism and toxicity in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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42
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Figarola JL, Singhal J, Tompkins JD, Rogers GW, Warden C, Horne D, Riggs AD, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. SR4 Uncouples Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation, Modulates AMP-dependent Kinase (AMPK)-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling, and Inhibits Proliferation of HepG2 Hepatocarcinoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30321-41. [PMID: 26534958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces most of the energy in aerobic cells by coupling respiration to the production of ATP. Mitochondrial uncouplers, which reduce the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, create a futile cycle of nutrient oxidation without generating ATP. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and associated cellular bioenergetics has been recently identified as a promising target for anticancer therapy. Here, we show that SR4 is a novel mitochondrial uncoupler that causes dose-dependent increase in mitochondrial respiration and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. These effects were reversed by the recoupling agent 6-ketocholestanol but not cyclosporin A and were nonexistent in mitochondrial DNA-depleted HepG2 cells. In isolated mouse liver mitochondria, SR4 similarly increased oxygen consumption independent of adenine nucleotide translocase and uncoupling proteins, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted swelling of valinomycin-treated mitochondria in potassium acetate medium. Mitochondrial uncoupling in HepG2 cells by SR4 results in the reduction of cellular ATP production, increased ROS production, activation of the energy-sensing enzyme AMPK, and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Global analysis of SR4-associated differential gene expression confirms these observations, including significant induction of apoptotic genes and down-regulation of cell cycle, mitochondrial, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway transcripts at 24 h post-treatment. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that the previously reported indirect activation of AMPK and in vitro anticancer properties of SR4 as well as its beneficial effects in both animal xenograft and obese mice models could be a direct consequence of its mitochondrial uncoupling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Figarola
- From the Departments of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- From the Departments of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research
| | | | - George W Rogers
- Seahorse Biosciences, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, and
| | - Charles Warden
- the Bioinformatics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | - Arthur D Riggs
- From the Departments of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- From the Departments of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research,
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43
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Shi Q, Yang X, Mattes WB, Mendrick DL, Harrill AH, Beger RD. Circulating mitochondrial biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1215-23. [PMID: 26507261 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver mitochondria affected by drugs can be released into circulation and serve as biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The tissue specificity of ALT was improved by differentiating cytosolic ALT1 and mitochondrial ALT2 isoforms released in circulation. Prior to ALT elevation, mitochondrial cytochrome c, OCT, GLDH, CPS1 and DNA were increased in circulation following DILI. The baseline expression of mt-Nd6 was predictive of individual DILI susceptibility in animals. As mitochondrial DILI biomarkers appeared to be drug or species dependent, they might have value in clinical scenarios when culprit drugs are established, but may not be ideal tools to assess DILI potentials of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William B Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Regulatory Activities, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Alison H Harrill
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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