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Zeng FY, Ji RS, Yu XQ, Li YN, Zhang QY, Sun QY. A novel snake venom C-type lectin-like protein modulates blood coagulation by targeting von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor IX. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22962. [PMID: 39362926 PMCID: PMC11450200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Snake venom C-type lectin-like proteins (CLPs) belong to the nonenzymatic proteins. To date, no CLP with both platelet and coagulation factors activating activities has been reported. In this study, a novel CLP, termed protocetin, with molecular weight of 29.986 kDa, was purified from the Protobothrops mucrosquamatus venom (PMV). It consists of α- and β-chains, with 67% similarity in their N-terminal sequence. Protocetin activates glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) by binding to von Willebrand factor (vWF), inducing platelet aggregation. It also activates the intrinsic coagulation pathway by binding to coagulation factor IX. After injection of protocetin into mice at dose of 0.5 µg/g or 1.5 µg/g, it resulted in activation of platelets, a notable reduction in platelet count and prolonged tail bleeding time. Additionally, the plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was significantly extended, and the fibrinogen concentration was markedly reduced. Thrombelastogram comfirmed the anticoagulation effect of protocetin. Notably, no microthrombosis was observed in tissues of lung, liver and kidney within 1 h after injection of protocetin into the mice at dose of 0.5 µg/g. This study revealed protocetin as a novel CLP from PMV that has dual functions in activating platelet and coagulation factor IX, thereby modulates coagulation in vivo. This work contributes to a better understanding of the structure and function of snake venom CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ren-Sheng Ji
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Protein Drug in Shandong Province, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Linyi, 273400, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qi-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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Long C, Liu M, Tian H, Li Y, Wu F, Mwangi J, Lu Q, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz T, Lai R, Shen C. Potential Role of Platelet-Activating C-Type Lectin-Like Proteins in Viper Envenomation Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Symptom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E749. [PMID: 33260875 PMCID: PMC7760373 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by viperid snakes may lead to severe bleeding, consumption coagulopathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms. The exact etiology or toxins responsible for thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms after snake envenomation remain obscure. Snake C-type lectin-like proteins (snaclecs) are one of the main non-enzymatic protein constituents in viper venoms, of which a majority are considered as modulators of thrombosis and hemostasis. In this study, we demonstrated that two snaclecs (mucetin and stejnulxin), isolated and identified from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Trimeresurus stejnegeri venoms, directly induced platelet degranulation and clot-retraction in vitro, and microvascular thrombosis has been confirmed in various organs in vivo. These snaclecs reduced cerebral blood flow and impaired motor balance and spatial memories in mice, which partially represent the thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms in some snakebite patients. The functional blocking of these snaclecs with antibodies alleviated the viper venom induced platelet activation and thrombotic microangiopathy-like symptoms. Understanding the pathophysiology of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with snake envenoming may lead to emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Long
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Huiwen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Yunnan Province/Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China;
| | - Feilong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Qiumin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA;
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, CAS, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (C.L.); (H.T.); (F.W.); (J.M.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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Snake C-Type Lectins Potentially Contribute to the Prey Immobilization in Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Trimeresurus stejnegeri Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020105. [PMID: 32041262 PMCID: PMC7076790 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms contain components selected to immobilize prey. The venoms from Elapidae mainly contain neurotoxins, which are critical for rapid prey paralysis, while the venoms from Viperidae and Colubridae may contain fewer neurotoxins but are likely to induce circulatory disorders. Here, we show that the venoms from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Trimeresurus stejnegeri are comparable to those of Naja atra in prey immobilization. Further studies indicate that snake C-type lectin-like proteins (snaclecs), which are one of the main nonenzymatic components in viper venoms, are responsible for rapid prey immobilization. Snaclecs (mucetin and stejnulxin) from the venoms of P. mucrosquamatus and T. stejnegeri induce the aggregation of both mammalian platelets and avian thrombocytes, leading to acute cerebral ischemia, and reduced animal locomotor activity and exploration in the open field test. Viper venoms in the absence of snaclecs fail to aggregate platelets and thrombocytes, and thus show an attenuated ability to cause cerebral ischemia and immobilization of their prey. This work provides novel insights into the prey immobilization mechanism of Viperidae snakes and the understanding of viper envenomation-induced cerebral infarction.
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Debono J, Bos MHA, Frank N, Fry B. Clinical implications of differential antivenom efficacy in neutralising coagulotoxicity produced by venoms from species within the arboreal viperid snake genus Trimeresurus. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:35-48. [PMID: 31509773 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Snake envenomation globally is attributed to an ever-increasing human population encroaching into snake territories. Responsible for many bites in Asia is the widespread genus Trimeresurus. While bites lead to haemorrhage, only a few species have had their venoms examined in detail. We found that Trimeresurus venom causes haemorrhaging by cleaving fibrinogen in a pseudo-procoagulation manner to produce weak, unstable, short-lived fibrin clots ultimately resulting in an overall anticoagulant effect due to fibrinogen depletion. The monovalent antivenom 'Thai Red Cross Green Pit Viper antivenin', varied in efficacy ranging from excellent neutralisation of T. albolabris venom through to T. gumprechti and T. mcgregori being poorly neutralised and T. hageni being unrecognised by the antivenom. While the results showing excellent neutralisation of some non-T. albolabris venoms (such as T. flavomaculaturs, T. fucatus, and T. macrops) needs to be confirmed with in vivo tests, conversely the antivenom failure T. hageni, and the very poor results against T. gumprechti and T. mcgregori, despite being conducted in the ideal scenario of preincubation of antivenom:venom, indicates that the likelihood of clinically relevant cross-reactivity for these species is low (T. gumprechti and T. mcgregori) to non-existent (T. hageni). These same latter three species were also not inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor AEBSF, suggesting that the toxins leading to a coagulotoxic effect in these species are non-serine proteases while in contrast T. albolabris coagulotoxicity was completely impeded by AEBSF, and thus driven by kallikrein-type serine proteases. There was a conspicuous lack of phylogenetic pattern in venom variation, with the most potent venoms (T. albolabris and T. hageni) being distant to each other on the organismal tree, and with the three most divergent and poorly neutralised venoms (T. gumprechti, T. hageni, and T. mcgregori) were also not each others closest relatives. This reinforces the paradigm that the fundamental dynamic evolution of venom results in organismal phylogeny being a poor predictor of venom potency or antivenom efficacy. This study provides a robust investigation on the differential venom effects from a wide range of Trimeresurus species on coagulation, highlighting differential fibrinogenolytic effects, while also investigating the relative antivenom neutralisation capabilities of the widely available Thai Red Cross Green Pit Viper antivenom. These results therefore have immediate, real-world implications for patients envenomed by Trimeresurus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Debono
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mettine H A Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bryan Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Shih CH, Chiang TB, Wang WJ. Convulxin, a C-type lectin-like protein, inhibits HCASMCs functions via WAD-motif/integrin-αv interaction and NF-κB-independent gene suppression of GRO and IL-8. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:234-244. [PMID: 28192121 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Convulxin (CVX), a C-type lectin-like protein (CLPs), is a potent platelet aggregation inducer. To evaluate its potential applications in angiogenic diseases, the multimeric CVX were further explored on its mode of actions toward human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). The N-terminus of β-chain of CVX (CVX-β) contains a putative disintegrin-like domain with a conserved motif upon the sequence comparison with other CLPs. Importantly, native CVX had no cytotoxic activity as examined by electrophoretic pattern. A Trp-Ala-Asp (WAD)-containing octapeptide, MTWADAEK, was thereafter synthesized and analyzed in functional assays. In the case of specific integrin antagonists as positive controls, the anti-angiogenic effects of CVX on HCASMCs were investigated by series of functional analyses. CVX showed to exhibit multiple inhibitory activities toward HCASMCs proliferation, adhesion and invasion with a dose- and integrin αvβ3-dependent fashion. However, the WAD-octapeptide exerting a minor potency could also work as an active peptidomimetic. In addition, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated both the intact CVX and synthetic peptide can specifically interact with integrin-αv on HCASMCs and CVX was shown to have a down-regulatory effect on the gene expression of CXC-chemokines, such as growth-related oncogene and interleukin-8. According to nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 translocation assay and Western blotting analysis, the NF-κB activation was not involved in the signaling events of CVX-induced gene expression. In conclusion, CVX may act as a disintegrin-like protein via the interactions of WAD-motif in CVX-β with integrin-αv on HCASMCs and it also is a gene suppressor with the ability to diminish the expression of two CXC-chemokines in a NF-κB-independent manner. Indeed, more extensive investigations are needed and might create a new avenue for the development of a novel angiostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Shih
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Bin Chiang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Neurological Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Snake venomics and antivenomics of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Viridovipera stejnegeri from Taiwan: Keys to understand the variable immune response in horses. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5628-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lu QM, Lai R, Zhang Y. [Animal toxins and human disease: from single component to venomics, from biochemical characterization to disease mechanisms, from crude venom utilization to rational drug design]. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2010; 31:2-16. [PMID: 20446448 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2010.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many animals produced a diversity of venoms and secretions to adapt the changes of environments through the long history of evolution. The components including a large quantity of specific and highly active peptides and proteins have become good research models for protein structure-function and also served as tools and novel clues for illustration of human disease mechanisms. At the same time, they are rich natural resources for new drug development. Through the valuable venomous animal resources of China, researchers at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS have carried out animal toxin research over 30 years. This paper reviews the main work conducted on snake venoms, amphibian and insect secretions, and the development from single component to venomics, from biochemical characterization to human disease mechanisms, from crude venom to rational drug design along with a short perspective on future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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Ma D, Wang Y, Yang H, Wu J, An S, Gao L, Xu X, Lai R. Anti-thrombosis repertoire of blood-feeding horsefly salivary glands. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2071-9. [PMID: 19531497 PMCID: PMC2742439 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900186-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-feeding arthropods rely heavily on the pharmacological properties of their saliva to get a blood meal and suppress immune reactions of hosts. Little information is available on antihemostatic substances in horsefly salivary glands although their saliva has been thought to contain wide range of physiologically active molecules. In traditional Eastern medicine, horseflies are used as anti-thrombosis material for hundreds of years. By proteomics coupling transcriptome analysis with pharmacological testing, several families of proteins or peptides, which exert mainly on anti-thrombosis functions, were identified and characterized from 60,000 pairs of salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao Macquart (Diptera, Tabanidae). They are: (I) ten fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes, which hydrolyze specially alpha chain of fibrin(ogen) and are the first family of fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes purified and characterized from arthropods; (II) another fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme, which hydrolyzes both alpha and beta chain of fibrin(ogen); (III) ten Arg-Gly-Asp-motif containing proteins acting as platelet aggregation inhibitors; (IV) five thrombin inhibitor peptides; (V) three vasodilator peptides; (VI) one apyrase acting as platelet aggregation inhibitor; (VII) one peroxidase with both platelet aggregation inhibitory and vasodilator activities. The first three families are belonging to antigen five proteins, which show obvious similarity with insect allergens. They are the first members of the antigen 5 family found in salivary glands of blood sucking arthropods to have anti-thromobosis function. The current results imply a possible evolution from allergens of blood-sucking insects to anti-thrombosis agents. The extreme diversity of horsefly anti-thrombosis components also reveals the anti-thrombosis molecular mechanisms of the traditional Eastern medicine insect material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ma
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Jing Wu
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Shu An
- ‖School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China, and
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Li Gao
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- §Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Ren Lai
- From the ‡Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- **Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Enzymatic activities and functional characterization of a novel recombinant snake venom proteinase from Agkistrodon Acutus. Biochimie 2009; 91:277-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xu X, Yang H, Ma D, Wu J, Wang Y, Song Y, Wang X, Lu Y, Yang J, Lai R. Toward an understanding of the molecular mechanism for successful blood feeding by coupling proteomics analysis with pharmacological testing of horsefly salivary glands. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 7:582-90. [PMID: 18087067 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700497-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseflies are economically important blood-feeding arthropods and also a nuisance for humans and vectors for filariasis. They rely heavily on the pharmacological properties of their saliva to get a blood meal and suppress immune reactions of hosts. Little information is available on antihemostatic substances in horsefly salivary glands; especially no horsefly immune suppressants have been reported. By proteomics or peptidomics and coupling transcriptome analysis with pharmacological testing, several families of proteins or peptides, which act mainly on the hemostatic system or immune system of the host, were identified and characterized from 30,000 pairs salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao (Diptera, Tabanidae). They are: (i) a novel family of inhibitors of platelet aggregation including two members, which possibly inhibit platelet aggregation by a novel mechanism and act on platelet membrane, (ii) a novel family of immunosuppressant peptides including 12 members, which can inhibit interferon-gamma production and increase interleukin-10 secretion, (iii) a serine protease inhibitor with 56 amino acid residues containing anticoagulant activity, (iv) a serine protease with anticoagulant activity, (v) a protease with fibrinogenolytic activity, (vi) three families of antimicrobial peptides including six members, (vii) a hyaluronidase, (viii) a vasodilator peptide, which is an isoform of vasotab identified from Hybomitra bimaculata, and interestingly (ix) two metallothioneins, which are the first metallothioneins reported from invertebrate salivary glands. The current work will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the ectoparasite-host relationship and help in identifying novel vaccine targets and novel leading pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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Jin Y, Lee WH, Zeng L, Zhang Y. Molecular characterization of l-amino acid oxidase from king cobra venom. Toxicon 2007; 50:479-89. [PMID: 17543361 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An L-amino acid oxidase from Ophiophagus hannah snake venom (Oh-LAAO) was purified by successive gel filtration, ion-exchange and heparin chromatography. Oh-LAAO did not induce platelet aggregation; however, it had potent inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation induced by ADP and U46619, but showed no effect on platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, mucetin, ristocetin and stejnulxin. By RT-PCR and 5'-RACE methods, the complete Oh-LAAO cDNA was cloned from the venom gland total RNA preparations. The cDNA sequence contains an open-reading frame (ORF) of 1476-bp, which encodes a protein of 491 amino acids comprising a signal peptide of 25 amino acids and 466-residue mature protein. The predicted protein sequence of Oh-LAAO was confirmed by N-terminal and trypsin-digested internal peptides sequencing together with peptide mass fingerprinting. cDNAs encoding for ORF of LAAOs from Bungarus fasciatus and B. multicinctus were cloned and reported in this study. In addition, partial cDNA encoding for Naja atra LAAO was also reported. Oh-LAAO shared approximately 50% protein sequence identity with other known snake venom LAAOs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Oh-LAAO is evolutionary distant to other snake venom LAAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Biotoxin Units, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Guo XX, Zeng L, Lee WH, Zhang Y, Jin Y. Isolation and cloning of a metalloproteinase from king cobra snake venom. Toxicon 2007; 49:954-65. [PMID: 17337026 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 50 kDa fibrinogenolytic protease, ohagin, from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah was isolated by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange and heparin affinity chromatography. Ohagin specifically degraded the alpha-chain of human fibrinogen and the proteolytic activity was completely abolished by EDTA, but not by PMSF, suggesting it is a metalloproteinase. It dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, TMVA and stejnulxin. The full sequence of ohagin was deduced by cDNA cloning and confirmed by protein sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting. The full-length cDNA sequence of ohagin encodes an open reading frame of 611 amino acids that includes signal peptide, proprotein and mature protein comprising metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains, suggesting it belongs to P-III class metalloproteinase. In addition, P-III class metalloproteinases from the venom glands of Naja atra, Bungarus multicinctus and Bungarus fasciatus were also cloned in this study. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis indicated that metalloproteinases from elapid snake venoms form a new subgroup of P-III SVMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Guo
- Biotoxin Units, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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13
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Pilorget A, Conesa M, Sarray S, Michaud-Levesque J, Daoud S, Kim KS, Demeule M, Marvaldi J, El Ayeb M, Marrakchi N, Béliveau R, Luis J. Lebectin, aMacrovipera lebetina venom-derived C-type lectin, inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:307-15. [PMID: 17323383 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integrins play an essential role in endothelial cell motility processes during angiogenesis and thus present interesting targets for the development of new anti-angiogenic agents. Snake venoms naturally contain a variety of proteins that can affect integrin-ligand interactions. Recently, the C-type lectin proteins (CLPs) have been characterized as efficient modulators of integrin functions. In this study, we investigated the anti-angiogenic activity of lebectin, a newly discovered CLP from Macrovipera lebetina venom. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), used as an in vitro model, express alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, and alpha5beta1 integrins, as well as the alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, and beta4 subunits. Our data show that lebectin acts as a very potent inhibitor (IC(50) approximately 0.5 nM) of HBMEC adhesion and migration on fibronectin by blocking the adhesive functions of both the alpha5beta1 and alphaV integrins. In addition, lebectin strongly inhibits both HBMEC in vitro tubulogenesis on Matrigel trade mark (IC(50) = 0.4 nM) and proliferation. Finally, using both a chicken CAM assay and a Matrigel trade mark Plug assay in nude mice, our results show that lebectin displays potent anti-angiogenic activity in vivo. Lebectin thus represents a new C-type lectin with anti-angiogenic properties with great potential for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Brain/blood supply
- Capillaries/cytology
- Capillaries/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects
- Collagen
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Combinations
- Embryo Culture Techniques
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Fibronectins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Integrins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Integrins/metabolism
- Laminin
- Lectins, C-Type/isolation & purification
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/chemically induced
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Proteoglycans
- Subcutaneous Tissue/blood supply
- Time Factors
- Viper Venoms/isolation & purification
- Viper Venoms/pharmacology
- Viper Venoms/therapeutic use
- Viperidae
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pilorget
- CNRS FRE 2737, Faculté de Pharmacie, bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, Cedex 5, France
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14
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Du XY, Sim DS, Lee WH, Zhang Y. Blood cells as targets of snake toxins. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2006; 36:414-21. [PMID: 16631395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are mixtures of enzymes and peptides which exert toxicological effects by targeting their substrates or receptors upon envenomation. Snake venom proteins widely affect vascular system including circulating blood cells, coagulation factors, and vascular wall components. Many of the toxic proteins have multiple targets. For example, some metalloproteinase domain-containing snake venom protein cleaves not only fibrinogen but also receptors on platelets. Also, it is frequent that toxins from different snake venom protein families are capable of binding to a common target on cells. Most of the cytotoxic effects in the venom are usually results of the activities of metalloproteinase, C-type lectin, disintegrin, cysteine-rich protein, as well as phospholipase A(2). There has been a growing interest in studying the structure and function of these snake venom proteins because many of them have high structural homologies to proteins found in human. Therefore, the understanding of how these toxins interact with their targets may contribute to the discovery of novel physiological processes and the development of therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize how snake toxins target blood cells with an emphasis on their effects on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Du
- Biotoxin Unites, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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15
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Zhong SR, Jin Y, Wu JB, Chen RQ, Jia YH, Wang WY, Xiong YL, Zhang Y. Characterization and molecular cloning of dabocetin, a potent antiplatelet C-type lectin-like protein from Daboia russellii siamensis venom. Toxicon 2005; 47:104-12. [PMID: 16330060 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel C-type lectin-like protein, dabocetin, was purified from Daboia russellii siamensis venom. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it showed a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 28 kDa and two distinct bands with the apparent molecular weights of 15.0 kDa and 14.5 kDa under non-reducing and reducing conditions, respectively. cDNA clones containing the coding sequences for dabocetin alpha and beta subunits were isolated and sequenced. The deduced protein sequences of both subunits were confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and trypsin-digested peptide mass fingerprinting. Dabocetin did not induce platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. It also had little effect on the platelet aggregation induced by ADP, TMVA or stejnulxin. Whereas, dabocetin inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination in platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.35 microM. Flow cytometry analysis showed that dabocetin significantly inhibited mAb SZ2 binding to platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib alpha, indicating that platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib is involved in the inhibitory effect of dabocetin on ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Zhong
- Department of Animal Toxinology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wan SG, Wei SS, Lee WH, Zhang Y. Bm-TFF2, a trefoil factor protein with platelet activation activity from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:1027-33. [PMID: 15823546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, trefoil factor family (TFF) proteins are involved in mucosal maintenance and repair, and they are also implicated in tumor suppression and cancer progression. A novel two domain TFF protein from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions (Bm-TFF2) has been purified and cloned. It activated human platelets in a dose-dependent manner and activation of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) was involved. Aspirin and apyrase did not largely reduce platelet response to Bm-TFF2 (a 30% inhibition), indicating that the aggregation is not substantially dependent on ADP and thromboxane A2 autocrine feedback. Elimination of external Ca(2+) with EGTA did not influence the platelet aggregation induced by Bm-TFF2, meanwhile a strong calcium signal (cytoplasmic Ca(2+) release) was detected, suggesting that activation of phospholipase C (PLC) is involved. Subsequent immunoblotting revealed that, unlike in platelets activated by stejnulxin (a glycoprotein VI agonist), PLCgamma2 was not phosphorylated in platelets activated by Bm-TFF2. FITC-labeled Bm-TFF2 bound to platelet membranes. Bm-TFF2 is the first TFF protein reported to possess human platelet activation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Toxinology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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