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da Silva GD, Silva FL, da Paixão Sevá A, Deorce DM, da Costa Junior NDJ, Silva FA, Filho FA. Effect of combined red and infrared wavelengths on inflammation, hemorrhage, and muscle damage caused by Bothrops leucurus snake venom. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:171. [PMID: 38965082 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of red and infrared wavelengths, separately and combined, on the inflammatory process and collagen deposition in muscle damage caused by B. leucurus venom. 112 mice were inoculated with diluted venom (0.6mg/kg) in the gastrocnemius muscle. The animals were divided into four groups: one control (CG) and three treatments, namely: 1) red laser (λ=660 nm) (RG), 2) infrared laser (λ=808 nm) (IG) and 3) red laser (λ=660 nm) + infrared (λ=808 nm) (RIG). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, according to the duration of treatment application (applications every 24 hours over evaluation times of up to 144 hours). A diode laser was used (0.1 W, CW, 1J/point, ED: 10 J/cm2). Both wavelengths reduced the intensity of inflammation and the combination between them significantly intensified the anti-inflammatory response. Photobiomodulation also changed the type of inflammatory infiltrate observed and RIG had the highest percentage of mononuclear cells in relation to the other groups. Hemorrhage intensity was significantly lower in treated animals and RIG had the highest number of individuals in which this variable was classified as mild. As for collagen deposition, there was a significant increase in RG in relation to CG, in RIG in relation to CG and in RIG in relation to IG. Photobiomodulation proved to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and hemorrhage caused by B. leucurus venom and stimulated collagen deposition. Better results were obtained with the combined wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Dias da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lessa Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Danilo Machado Deorce
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Amaral Silva
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernando Alzamora Filho
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Carvalho ÉDS, Souza ARDN, Melo DFC, de Farias AS, Macedo BBDO, Sartim MA, Caggy MC, Rodrigues BDA, Ribeiro GS, Reis HN, Araújo FQ, da Silva IM, Sachett A, Sampaio VDS, Balieiro AADS, Zamuner SR, Vissoci JRN, Cabral LN, Monteiro WM, Sachett JDAG. Photobiomodulation Therapy to Treat Snakebites Caused by Bothrops atrox: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2024; 184:70-80. [PMID: 38048090 PMCID: PMC10696517 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance Bothrops venom acts almost immediately at the bite site and causes tissue damage. Objective To investigate the feasibility and explore the safety and efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in reducing the local manifestations of B atrox envenomations. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, in Manaus, Brazil. A total of 60 adult participants were included from November 2020 to March 2022, with 30 in each group. Baseline characteristics on admission were similarly distributed between groups. Data analysis was performed from August to December 2022. Intervention The intervention group received LLLT combined with regular antivenom treatment. The laser used was a gallium arsenide laser with 4 infrared laser emitters and 4 red laser emitters, 4 J/cm2 for 40 seconds at each application point. Main Outcomes and Measures Feasibility was assessed by eligibility, recruitment, and retention rates; protocol fidelity; and patients' acceptability. The primary efficacy outcome of this study was myolysis estimated by the value of creatine kinase (U/L) on the third day of follow-up. Secondary efficacy outcomes were (1) pain intensity, (2) circumference measurement ratio, (3) extent of edema, (4) difference between the bite site temperature and that of the contralateral limb, (5) need for the use of analgesics, (6) frequency of secondary infections, and (7) necrosis. These outcomes were measured 48 hours after admission. Disability assessment was carried out from 4 to 6 months after patients' discharge. P values for outcomes were adjusted with Bonferroni correction. Results A total of 60 patients (mean [SD] age, 43.2 [15.3] years; 8 female individuals [13%] and 52 male individuals [87%]) were included. The study was feasible, and patient retention and acceptability were high. Creatine kinase was significantly lower in the LLLT group (mean [SD], 163.7 [160.0] U/L) 48 hours after admission in relation to the comparator (412.4 [441.3] U/L) (P = .03). Mean (SD) pain intensity (2.9 [2.7] vs 5.0 [2.4]; P = .004), circumference measurement ratio (6.6% [6.6%] vs 17.1% [11.6%]; P < .001), and edema extent (25.8 [15.0] vs 40.1 [22.7] cm; P = .002) were significantly lower in the LLLT group in relation to the comparator. No difference was observed between the groups regarding the mean difference between the bite site temperature and the contralateral limb. Secondary infections, necrosis, disability outcomes, and the frequency of need for analgesics were similar in both groups. No adverse event was observed. Conclusions and Relevance The data from this randomized clinical trial suggest that the use of LLLT was feasible and safe in a hospital setting and effective in reducing muscle damage and the local inflammatory process caused by B atrox envenomations. Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: RBR-4qw4vf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica da Silva Carvalho
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andrea Renata do Nascimento Souza
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Dessana Francis Chehuan Melo
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Altair Seabra de Farias
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mariela Costa Caggy
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Heloísa Nunes Reis
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Iran Mendonça da Silva
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - André Sachett
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Vanderson de Souza Sampaio
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lioney Nobre Cabral
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Brazil
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Carvalho ÉS, Oliveira I, Nascimento TP, da Silva Neto AV, Leal BAS, Araújo FQ, Julião BFV, Souza ARN, Abrahim AW, Macedo BBO, de Oliveira JTS, Wen FH, Pucca MB, Monteiro WM, Sachett JAG. Prospecting Local Treatments Used in Conjunction with Antivenom Administration Following Envenomation Caused by Animals: A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050313. [PMID: 37235348 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation caused by venomous animals may trigger significant local complications such as pain, edema, localized hemorrhage, and tissue necrosis, in addition to complications such as dermonecrosis, myonecrosis, and even amputations. This systematic review aims to evaluate scientific evidence on therapies used to target local effects caused by envenomation. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and LILACS databases were used to perform a literature search on the topic. The review was based on studies that cited procedures performed on local injuries following envenomation with the aim of being an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. The literature regarding local treatments used following envenomation reports the use of several alternative methods and/or therapies. The venomous animals found in the search were snakes (82.05%), insects (2.56%), spiders (2.56%), scorpions (2.56%), and others (jellyfish, centipede, sea urchin-10.26%). In regard to the treatments, the use of tourniquets, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and cryotherapy is questionable, as well as the use of plants and oils. Low-intensity lasers stand out as a possible therapeutic tool for these injuries. Local complications can progress to serious conditions and may result in physical disabilities and sequelae. This study compiled information on adjuvant therapeutic measures and underscores the importance of more robust scientific evidence for recommendations that act on local effects together with the antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica S Carvalho
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Isadora Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís P Nascimento
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vilhena da Silva Neto
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Brenda A S Leal
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Q Araújo
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruno F V Julião
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andrea R N Souza
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andreza W Abrahim
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruna B O Macedo
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica T S de Oliveira
- Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus 69065130, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05501000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310000, Roraima, Brazil
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310000, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A G Sachett
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus 69065130, Amazonas, Brazil
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Dias da Silva G, da Paixão Sevá A, Lessa Silva F, Mota Sena de Oliveira G, Machado Deorce D, de Jesus da Costa Junior N, Alzamora Filho F. Clinical effects of combined red and infrared wavelengths in the treatment of local injuries caused by Bothrops leucurus snake venom. Toxicon 2023; 225:107055. [PMID: 36780992 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate the effects of visible and invisible wavelengths, individually and combined, on local edematogenic activity, serum and muscle enzymes, and clinical response in mice inoculated with B. leucurus snake venom. METHODS 112 male mice were inoculated with diluted B. leucurus snake venom in the right gastrocnemius muscle, the same volume of saline solution was applied in the contralateral muscle. The animals were divided into four groups, one control and three treated with: 1) red laser (λ = 660 nm), 2) infrared laser (λ = 808 nm) and 3) red laser (λ = 660 nm) + infrared (λ = 808 nm). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, according to the duration of treatment application (applications every 24 h over evaluation times of up to 144 h). A diode laser was used (0.1 W, CW, 1J/point, DE: 10 J/cm2). RESULTS the treatments prevented the loss of the proprioception reflex, accelerated the reestablishment of the damaged area, and reduced claudication, local hemorrhage, and edematogenic activity caused by bothropic venom. Both wavelengths reduced serum concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and increased muscle concentration of CK. The combined wavelengths caused a significant reduction in serum enzyme concentrations and a better clinical response when compared to the isolated treatments. CONCLUSION Laser photobiomodulation proved to be effective in the treatment of the disorders evaluated and the interaction between red and infrared wavelengths potentiated the therapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Dias da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lessa Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Mota Sena de Oliveira
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Danilo Machado Deorce
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Alzamora Filho
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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David AC, Silva LMG, Garcia Denegri ME, Leiva LCA, Silva Junior JA, Zuliani JP, Zamuner SR. Photobiomodulation therapy on local effects induced by juvenile and adult venoms of Bothrops alternatus. Toxicon 2022; 220:106941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vieira WF, Kenzo-Kagawa B, Alvares LE, Cogo JC, Baranauskas V, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Exploring the ability of low-level laser irradiation to reduce myonecrosis and increase Myogenin transcription after Bothrops jararacussu envenomation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:571-583. [PMID: 33895984 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Envenoming caused by snakebites is a very important neglected tropical disease worldwide. The myotoxic phospholipases present in the bothropic venom disrupt the sarcolemma and compromise the mechanisms of energy production, leading to myonecrosis. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been used as an effective tool to treat diverse cases of injuries, such as snake venom-induced myonecrosis. Based on that, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of PBMT through low-level laser irradiation (904 nm) on the muscle regeneration after the myonecrosis induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (Bjssu) injection, focusing on myogenic regulatory factors expression, such as Pax7, MyoD, and Myogenin (MyoG). Male Swiss mice (Mus musculus), 6-8-week-old, weighing 22 ± 3 g were used. Single sub-lethal Bjssu dose or saline was injected into the right mice gastrocnemius muscle. At 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after injections, mice were submitted to PBMT treatment. When finished the periods of 48 and 72 h, mice were euthanized and the right gastrocnemius were collected for analyses. We observed extensive inflammatory infiltrate in all the groups submitted to Bjssu injections. PBMT was able to reduce the myonecrotic area at 48 and 72 h after envenomation. There was a significant increase of MyoG mRNA expression at 72 h after venom injection. The data suggest that beyond the protective effect promoted by PBMT against Bjssu-induced myonecrosis, the low-level laser irradiation was able to stimulate the satellite cells, thus enhancing the muscle repair by improving myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Semiconductors, Instruments and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Kenzo-Kagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Elvira Alvares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Cogo
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, Itaquera - São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Baranauskas
- Department of Semiconductors, Instruments and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Reis VP, Rego CMA, Setúbal SS, Tavares MNM, Boeno CN, Ferreira E Ferreira AA, Paloschi MV, Soares AM, Zamuner SR, Zuliani JP. Effect of light emitting diode photobiomodulation on murine macrophage function after Bothrops envenomation. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109347. [PMID: 33259806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have suggested that photobiomodulation, owing to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing effects, may be an effective therapeutic option for local effects of snakebites when the availability and accessibility of conventional serum therapy are inefficient and far from medical care centers. Although there have been studies that demonstrate the application of photobiomodulation in the treatment of local adverse events due to snakebites from snakes of the genus Bothrops, its role in the activation of leukocytes, particularly macrophages, has not been evaluated. Here, we assessed the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) treatment on macrophage activation induced by B. jararacussu venom (BjV). LED treatment caused an increase in the viability of macrophages incubated with BjV. This treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages after incubation with BjV. However, LED treatment did not interfere with IL-1β and IL-10 production by macrophages after incubation with BjV. In conclusion, this study showed that LED treatment has the potential to be used in combination with conventional serum therapy to prevent or minimize the progression of local to severe symptoms after Bothrops envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdison P Reis
- Lab. Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Cristina M A Rego
- Lab. Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Sulamita S Setúbal
- Lab. Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Charles N Boeno
- Lab. Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro V Paloschi
- Lab. Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Dep. Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR) e FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas (UNISL), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana P Zuliani
- Lab. Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde (CEBio), Dep. Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR) e FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the local experimental envenoming by Bothrops leucurus snake. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 214:112087. [PMID: 33234463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops leucurus is the major causative agent of snakebites in Brazil's Northeast. The systemic effects of its venom are effectively neutralized by antivenom therapy, preventing bitten patients' death. However, antivenom fails in neutralizing local effects that include intense pain, edema, bleeding, and myonecrosis. Such effects can lead to irreversible sequels, representing a clinically relevant issue for which there is no current effective treatment. Herein, the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) were tested in the local actions induced by B. leucurus venom (BLV) in mice (n = 123 animals in 20 experimental groups). A continuous emission AlGaAs semiconductor diode laser was used in two wavelengths (660 or 780 nm). Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed with the electronic von Frey apparatus. Local edema was determined by measuring the increase in paw thickness. Hemorrhage was quantified by digital measurement of the bleeding area. Myotoxicity was evaluated by serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and histopathological analysis. PBMT promoted anti-hypernociception in BLV-injected mice; irradiation with the 660 nm laser resulted in faster effect onset than the 780 nm laser. Both laser protocols reduced paw edema formation, whether irradiation was performed immediately or half an hour after venom injection. BLV-induced hemorrhage was not altered by PBMT. Laser irradiation delayed, but did not prevent myotoxicity caused by BLV, as shown by a late increase in CK activity and histopathological alterations. PBMT was effective in the control of some of the major local effects of BLV refractory to antivenom. It is a potential complementary therapy that could be used in bothropic envenoming, minimizing the morbidity of these snakebite accidents.
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Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes in snakebite envenoming. Toxicon 2020; 187:188-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Pereira dos Reis V, Macedo Tavares MN, Alves Rego CM, Ferreira e Ferreira AA, da Silva Setubal S, Soares AM, Zamuner SR, Zuliani JP. Light emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy on murine macrophage exposed to Bothropstoxin-I and Bothropstoxin-II myotoxins. Toxicon 2019; 172:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Walski T, Dąbrowska K, Drohomirecka A, Jędruchniewicz N, Trochanowska-Pauk N, Witkiewicz W, Komorowska M. The effect of red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) irradiation on inflammatory processes. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1326-1336. [PMID: 31170016 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Near-infrared (NIR) and red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) radiation are increasingly applied for therapeutic use. R/NIR-employing therapies aim to stimulate healing, prevent tissue necrosis, increase mitochondrial function, and improve blood flow and tissue oxygenation. The wide range of applications of this radiation raises questions concerning the effects of R/NIR on the immune system. Methods: In this review, we discuss the potential effects of exposure to R/NIR light on immune cells in the context of physical parameters of light. Discussion: The effects that R/NIR may induce in immune cells typically involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen oxide (NO), or interleukins. Production of ROS after exposure to R/NIR can either be inhibited or to some extent increased, which suggests that detailed conditions of experiments, such as the spectrum of radiation, irradiance, exposure time, determine the outcome of the treatment. However, a wide range of immune cell studies have demonstrated that exposure to R/NIR most often has an anti-inflammatory effect. Finally, photobiomodulation molecular mechanism with particular attention to the role of interfacial water structure changes for cell physiology and regulation of the inflammatory process was described. Conclusions: Optimization of light parameters allows R/NIR to act as an anti-inflammatory agent in a wide range of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Walski
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital , Wrocław , Poland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital , Wrocław , Poland.,Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Anna Drohomirecka
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Natalia Trochanowska-Pauk
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital , Wrocław , Poland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Komorowska
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital , Wrocław , Poland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology , Wrocław , Poland
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Campos GRS, de Moura KMB, Barbosa AM, Zamuner LF, Nadur-Andrade N, Dale CS, Gutiérrez JM, Chavantes MC, Zamuner SR. Light emitting diode (LED) therapy reduces local pathological changes induced by Bothrops asper snake venom. Toxicon 2018; 152:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Silva LMG, Zamuner LF, David AC, dos Santos SA, de Carvalho PDTC, Zamuner SR. Photobiomodulation therapy on bothrops snake venom-induced local pathological effects: A systematic review. Toxicon 2018; 152:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Santos ASD, Guimarães-Sousa L, Costa MS, Zamuner LF, Sousa NC, Hyslop S, Soares AM, Chavantes MC, Cogo JC, Zamuner SR. Photobiomodulation of local alterations induced by BthTX-I, a phospholipase A2 myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: In vivo and in vitro evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2020-2025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Vibrational spectroscopy of muscular tissue intoxicated by snake venom and exposed to photobiomodulation therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:503-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Effect of photobiomodulation on connective tissue remodeling and regeneration of skeletal muscle in elderly rats. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:513-521. [PMID: 29181641 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on morphological aspects, IL-6 and IL-1β expressions, as well as the distribution and organization of collagen in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of elderly rats submitted to cryoinjury. Histological photomicrographs were taken of TA muscles stained with HE and picrosirius red. Immunohistochemistry was used for the evaluation of IL-6 and IL-1β. Male Wistar rats, aged 20 months, were distributed into three groups: (1) control animals not injured or treated with LLLT (n = 5), (2) cryoinjury without LLLT treatment (n = 15), and (3) cryoinjury treated with infrared LLLT (n = 15). LLLT was applied to the TA 2 h after of the injury induction and consisted of daily applications until the sacrifice (1, 3, and 7 days). The following parameters were used: λ = 780 nm, power density 1 W/cm2, output power 40 mW, 10 s per point, 8 points, and 3.2 J of total energy. In the histomorphological analysis, the treated group exhibited a significant decrease in inflammatory infiltrate (p < 0.001) as well as an increase immature fibers and new blood vessels at 7 days compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment induced a better collagen distribution and organization at 7 days in comparison to the untreated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LLLT demonstrated a modulatory effect on the muscle repair process in elderly animals with regard to the collagen remodeling and morphological aspects of muscle tissue.
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17
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de Souza Faria ALB, Conrado LAL, Vanzela LS, Villaverde AB, Munin E. Application of phototherapy for the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1579-1586. [PMID: 28717890 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the effects of LED light irradiation on the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Fifty-seven neonatal calves were divided into two groups. Animals had their umbilical stumps immersed in 10% iodine tincture for 60 s, and this process was repeated every 24 h for three consecutive days. The 29 animals in the first group did not receive LED therapy. The 28 animals in the second group received LED light irradiation at 640 nm with 300 mW power, 46.8 J/cm2 energy density, 60 s irradiation time, and 0.385 cm2 spot size. The animals were irradiated at four points (46.8 J/cm2 per point) evenly distributed around the insertion site of the umbilical stump every 24 h for three consecutive days. Irradiation with LED light was applied before the umbilical stumps were immersed in the iodine solution. The time after birth at which the umbilical stump fell off of each calf was noted. The umbilical stumps of all animals fell off by the 25th day of age. After the umbilical stump fell off, the healing of the remnant wound was followed up to the 30th day after birth. The area of the wound was measured on the 15th, 20th, and 25th day after birth using digital photographs and computer-assisted area measurements. A two-tailed unpaired t test was applied to analyze the falling off the umbilical stump, whereas a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test with a Dunn's multiple comparison test was used for the wound size evolution. GraphPad Prisma 5.0® and GraphPad StatMate 2.00® were used for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that phototherapy hastened the falling off the umbilical stump, accelerated navel healing, and reduced the mortality rate in newborn calves. Therefore, this study introduced a preventive and adjuvant after birth treatment that proved to be effective in reducing the incidences of omphalitis and newborn mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Augusto Lupato Conrado
- Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Rua Carolina Fonseca 584, Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Luiz Sergio Vanzela
- Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Estrada Projetada F-1, s/n, Fazenda Santa Rita, Fernandópolis, SP, 15600-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Balbin Villaverde
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Rua Casa do Ator, 294 - 7° andar - Unidade 5 - Campus Vila Olímpia, São Paulo, SP, 04546-001, Brazil. .,Centro de Inovação, Tecnologia e Educação - CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500 Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil.
| | - Egberto Munin
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Rua Casa do Ator, 294 - 7° andar - Unidade 5 - Campus Vila Olímpia, São Paulo, SP, 04546-001, Brazil.,Centro de Inovação, Tecnologia e Educação - CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500 Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil
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Pattern of cardiotoxin-induced muscle remodeling in distinct TLR-4 deficient mouse strains. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:49-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Picanço LCDS, Bittencourt JAHM, Henriques SVC, da Silva JS, Oliveira JMDS, Ribeiro JR, Sanjay AB, Carvalho JCT, Stien D, Silva JOD. Pharmacological activity of Costus spicatus in experimental Bothrops atrox envenomation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2103-2110. [PMID: 27306958 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1145703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medicinal plants encompass a rich source of active compounds that can neutralize snake venoms or toxins. Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. (Costaceae) is used by the Amazonian population to treat inflammation, pain and other pathological manifestations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of C. spicatus aqueous extract on edema, peritonitis, nociception, coagulation, haemorrhage and indirect haemolytic activity induced by Bothrops atrox venom (BAV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried and pulverized leaves were extracted with distilled water. Envenoming was induced by administration of B. atrox snake venom in Swiss Webster mice. The experimental groups consisted of BAV (at the minimum dose to induce measurable biological responses) and C. spicatus extract (CSE, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg/25 μl phosphate-buffered saline) administered individually and in combination (BAVCSE). PBS was used as a control. In vitro assays were also conducted in order to evaluate phospholipase A2 coagulant activities (indirect haemolytic method). RESULTS CSE significantly reduced the venom-induced edema and nociception at all concentrations tested and inhibited migration of inflammatory cells at the three least concentrations (5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg/25 μl PBS). CSE was not effective in inhibiting coagulant, haemorrhagic and indirect haemolytic activities of the venom. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The data suggest that CSE could exhibit a central mechanism for pain inhibition, and may also inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. These findings corroborate the traditional administration of C. spicatus decoction to treat inflammatory disorders, including those caused by B. atrox envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliane Silva da Silva
- a Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Science Course , Federal University of Amapá , Macapa , Brazil
| | | | | | - Antony-Babu Sanjay
- c Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | | | - Didier Stien
- e Laboratoire De Biodiversité Et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Observatoire Océanologique , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , Banyuls-sur-Mer , France
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Low-Level Laser Therapy (904 nm) Counteracts Motor Deficit of Mice Hind Limb following Skeletal Muscle Injury Caused by Snakebite-Mimicking Intramuscular Venom Injection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158980. [PMID: 27392016 PMCID: PMC4938492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotoxins present in Bothrops venom disrupt the sarcolemma of muscle fibers leading to the release of sarcoplasmic proteins and loss of muscle homeostasis. Myonecrosis and tissue anoxia induced by vascularization impairment can lead to amputation or motor functional deficit. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic behavior of motor function in mice subjected to injection of Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) and exposed to low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Male Swiss mice received Bjssu injection (830 μg/kg) into the medial portion of the right gastrocnemius muscle. Three hours later the injected region was irradiated with diode semiconductor Gallium Arsenide (GaAs- 904 nm, 4 J/cm²) laser following by irradiation at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Saline injection (0.9% NaCl) was used as control. Gait analysis was performed 24 hours before Bjssu injection and at every period post-Bjssu using CatWalk method. Data from spatiotemporal parameters Stand, Maximum Intensity, Swing, Swing Speed, Stride Length and Step Cycle were considered. The period of 3 hours post venom-induced injury was considered critical for all parameters evaluated in the right hindlimb. Differences (p<0.05) were concentrated in venom and venom + placebo laser groups during the 3 hours post-injury period, in which the values of stand of most animals were null. After this period, the gait characteristics were re-established for all parameters. The venom + laser group kept the values at 3 hours post-Bjssu equal to that at 24 hours before Bjssu injection indicating that the GaAs laser therapy improved spatially and temporally gait parameters at the critical injury period caused by Bjssu. This is the first study to analyze with cutting edge technology the gait functional deficits caused by snake envenoming and gait gains produced by GaAs laser irradiation. In this sense, the study fills a gap on the field of motor function after laser treatment following snake envenoming.
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Giaretta VMDA, Santos LP, Barbosa AM, Hyslop S, Corrado AP, Galhardo MS, Nicolau RA, Cogo JC. Low-intensity laser therapy improves tetanic contractions in mouse anterior tibialis muscle injected with Bothrops jararaca snake venom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/2446-4740.04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Franco ATB, Silva LMG, Costa MS, Zamuner SF, Vieira RP, de Fatima Pereira Teixeira C, Zamuner SR. Effect of photobiomodulation on endothelial cell exposed to Bothrops jararaca venom. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1017-25. [PMID: 27147074 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Photobiomodulation Protects and Promotes Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblast Cells Exposed to Snake Venom. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152890. [PMID: 27058357 PMCID: PMC4825984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snakebites is a neglected disease and in Brazil is considered a serious health problem, with the majority of the snakebites caused by the genus Bothrops. Antivenom therapy and other first-aid treatments do not reverse local myonecrose which is the main sequel caused by the envenomation. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of low level laser (LLL) therapy in reducing local myonecrosis induced by Bothropic venoms, however the mechanism involved in this effect is unknown. In this in vitro study, we aimed to analyze the effect of LLL irradiation against cytotoxicity induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom on myoblast C2C12 cells. METHODOLOGY C2C12 were utilized as a model target and were incubated with B. jararacussu venom (12.5 μg/mL) and immediately irradiated with LLL at wavelength of red 685 nm or infrared 830 nm with energy density of 2.0, 4.6 and 7.0 J/cm2. Effects of LLL on cellular responses of venom-induced cytotoxicity were examined, including cell viability, measurement of cell damage and intra and extracellular ATP levels, expression of myogenic regulatory factors, as well as cellular differentiation. RESULTS In non-irradiated cells, the venom caused a decrease in cell viability and a massive release of LDH and CK levels indicating myonecrosis. Infrared and red laser at all energy densities were able to considerably decrease venom-induced cytotoxicity. Laser irradiation induced myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes and this effect was accompanied by up regulation of MyoD and specially myogenin. Moreover, LLL was able to reduce the extracellular while increased the intracellular ATP content after venom exposure. In addition, no difference in the intensity of cytotoxicity was shown by non-irradiated and irradiated venom. CONCLUSION LLL irradiation caused a protective effect on C2C12 cells against the cytotoxicity caused by B. jararacussu venom and promotes differentiation of these cells by up regulation of myogenic factors. A modulatory effect of ATP synthesis may be suggested as a possible mechanism mediating cytoprotection observed under laser irradiation.
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Souza NHC, Ferrari RAM, Silva DFT, Nunes FD, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the modulation of the mitochondrial activity of macrophages. Braz J Phys Ther 2014; 18:308-14. [PMID: 25076002 PMCID: PMC4183262 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Macrophages play a major role among the inflammatory cells that invade muscle
tissue following an injury. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has long been used in
clinical practice to accelerate the muscle repair process. However, little is
known regarding its effect on macrophages. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of LLLT on the mitochondrial activity (MA) of
macrophages. METHOD: J774 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon -
gamma (IFN-γ) (activation) for 24 h to simulate an inflammatory process, then
irradiated with LLLT using two sets of parameters (780 nm; 70 mW; 3
J/cm2 and 660 nm; 15 mW; 7.5 J/cm2).
Non-activated/non-irradiated cells composed the control group. MA was evaluated by
the cell mitochondrial activity (MTT) assay (after 1, 3 and 5 days) in three
independent experiments. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: After 1 day of culture, activated and 780 nm irradiated macrophages showed lower
MA than activated macrophages, but activated and 660 nm irradiated macrophages
showed MA similar to activated cells. After 3 days, activated and irradiated (660
nm and 780 nm) macrophages showed greater MA than activated macrophages, and after
5 days, the activated and irradiated (660 nm and 780 nm) macrophages showed
similar MA to the activated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that 660 nm and 780 nm LLLT can modulate the cellular
activation status of macrophages in inflammation, highlighting the importance of
this resource and of the correct determination of its parameters in the repair
process of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio D Nunes
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Aranha de Sousa E, Bittencourt JAHM, Seabra de Oliveira NK, Correia Henriques SV, dos Santos Picanço LC, Lobato CP, Ribeiro JR, Pereira WLA, Carvalho JCT, da Silva JO. Effects of a low-level semiconductor gallium arsenide laser on local pathological alterations induced by Bothrops moojeni snake venom. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 12:1895-902. [PMID: 23995306 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antivenom therapy has been ineffective in neutralizing the tissue damage caused by snakebites. Among therapeutic strategies to minimize effects after envenoming, it was hypothesized that a low level laser would reduce complications and reduce the severity of local snake venom effects. In the current study, the effect of a low-level semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) laser on the local pathological alterations induced by B. moojeni snake venom was investigated. The experimental groups consisted of five male mice, each administered either B. moojeni venom (VB), B. moojeni venom + antivenom (VAV), B. moojeni venom + laser (VL), B. moojeni venom + antivenom + laser (VAVL), or sterile saline solution (SSS) alone. Paw oedema was induced by intradermal administration of 0.05 mg kg(-1) of B. moojeni venom and was expressed in mm of directly induced oedema. Mice received by subcutaneous route 0.20 mg kg(-1) of venom for evaluating nociceptive activity and the time (in seconds) spent in licking and biting the injected paw was taken as an indicator of pain response. Inflammatory infiltration was determined by counting the number of leukocytes present in the gastrocnemius muscle after venom injection (0.10 mg kg(-1)). For histological examination of myonecrosis, venom (0.10 mg kg(-1)) was administered intramuscularly. The site of venom injection was irradiated by the GaAs laser and some animals received antivenom intraperitoneally. The results indicated that GaAs laser irradiation can help in reducing some local effects produced by the B. moojeni venom in mice, stimulating phagocytosis, proliferation of myoblasts and the regeneration of muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elziliam Aranha de Sousa
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Science Course, Federal University of Amapá, Macapa, AP, Brazil.
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Tribuiani N, da Silva AM, Ferraz MC, Silva MG, Bentes APG, Graziano TS, dos Santos MG, Cogo JC, Varanda EA, Groppo FC, Cogo K, Oshima-Franco Y. Vellozia flavicans Mart. ex Schult. hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:48. [PMID: 24507387 PMCID: PMC3923311 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Snakebite is a significant public health issue in tropical countries. In Brazil, some of the most common snake envenomations are from Bothrops. Bothrops bites trigger local and systemic effects including edema, pain, erythema, cyanosis, infections, and necrosis. Vellozia flavicans is a plant from the Brazilian “cerrado” (savanna) that is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Since inflammation develops quickly after Bothrops bites, which can lead to infection, the aim of the present study was to observe possible anti-snake venom and antimicrobial activities of V. flavicans (Vf). Methods The chromatographic profile of the main constituents from the Vf leaf hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-snake venom activity was measured by Vf’s ability to neutralize the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) in a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm model (PND). After a 20 min incubation, preparations of PND were added to Tyrode’s solution (control); Vf (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL); 40 μg/mL Bjssu; pre-incubation for 30 min with Bjssu and 1 mg/mL Vf; and a Bjssu pretreated preparation (for 10 min) followed by 1 mg/mL Vf. Myographic recording was performed, and the contractile responses were recorded. The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) was obtained for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, using gentamicin and vancomycin as positive controls. Results TLC analysis yielded several compounds from Vf, such as flavonoids (quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid). Bjssu completely blocked the contractile responses of PND preparations, while Vf preserved 97% (±10%) of the contractile responses when incubated with Bjssu. In the PND pretreated with Bjssu, Vf was able to inhibit the neuromuscular blockade progress. MIC and MBC of Vf ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains, while no antimicrobial activity was observed for E. coli and E. faecalis. Conclusions The hydroalcoholic extract from Vf leaves was able to neutralize and decrease the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bjssu. However, it did not show significant antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria.
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Nadur-Andrade N, Dale CS, Santos ASD, Soares AM, de Lima CJ, Zamuner SR. Photobiostimulation reduces edema formation induced in mice by Lys-49 phospholipases A2 isolated from Bothrops moojeni venom. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1561-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prominent local myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops snake venom are due, in part, to myotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Squarzone Dale
- Department of Anatomy
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
- Federal University of Rondonia
- 76812-245 Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Carlos J. de Lima
- Laboratory of Biomedical Instrumentation
- Camilo Castelo Branco University
- São Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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Nadur-Andrade N, Zamuner SR, Toniolo EF, de Lima CJ, Cogo JC, Dale CS. Analgesic Effect of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy at Wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm on Bothrops moojeni Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:207-13. [PMID: 24131406 DOI: 10.1111/php.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Envenoming induced by Bothrops snakes is characterized by drastic local tissue damage involving hemorrhage, myonecrosis and proeminent inflammatory and hyperalgesic response. The most effective treatment is antivenom therapy, which is ineffective in neutralizing the local response. Herein, it was evaluated the effectiveness of light-emitting diode (LED) at wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm in reducing inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Bothrops moojeni venom (BmV) in mice, produced by an subplantar injection of BmV (1 μg). Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed by von Frey filaments at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after venom injection. The site of BmV injection (1.2 cm(2) ) was irradiated by LEDs at 30 min and 3 h after venom inoculation. Both 635 nm (110 mW, fluence of 3.76 J/cm(2) and 41 s of irradiation time) and 945 nm (120 mW, fluence of 3.8 J/cm(2) and 38 s of irradiation time) LED inhibited mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia of mice alone or in combination with antivenom treatment, even when the symptoms were already present. The effect of phototherapy in reducing local pain induced by BmV should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of local symptoms induced after bothropic snake bites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos J de Lima
- Laboratory of Biomedical Instrumentation, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - José C Cogo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila S Dale
- Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Naghdi S, Ansari NN, Fathali M, Bartley J, Varedi M, Honarpishe R. A pilot study into the effect of low-level laser therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Physiother Theory Pract 2013; 29:596-603. [PMID: 23521568 DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2013.775204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses that has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. No study has examined the effectiveness of applying low-level laser therapy (LLLT) locally over the sinuses in patients with CRS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT in patients with CRS. Fifteen adult patients with CRS participated in this pilot pretest-posttest clinical study. Patients were treated with a 830-nm Ga-Al-As laser in continuous-wave mode at a power output of 30 mW and energy dose of 1 J. Laser irradiation was delivered on six points over each maxillary or frontal sinus with 33 sec irradiation for each point and a total treatment duration of 198 sec for each sinus. Patients were given LLLT three times per week for ten treatment sessions. Patients were asked to score their symptoms in accordance with a four-point scale (0-3), and a total symptom score (TSS) for each patient was calculated. Percentage improvement of TSS was considered as the primary outcome measure. TSS was calculated at baseline (T0), at 2 weeks (T1) and at 4 weeks (T2). The TSS was improved significantly at T1 (39%) and at T2 (46.34%). A large effect size for LLLT was found (ηp(2) ηp(2) = 0.63). The therapeutic effect was sustained for a mean of 5 months. This pilot study indicates that LLLT applied for 4 weeks improves symptoms in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soofia Naghdi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Sebia-Amrane F, Laraba-Djebari F. Pharmaco-Modulations of Induced Edema and Vascular Permeability Changes by Vipera lebetina Venom: Inflammatory Mechanisms. Inflammation 2012; 36:434-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Paiva-Oliveira EL, Ferreira da Silva R, Correa Leite PE, Cogo JC, Quirico-Santos T, Lagrota-Candido J. TLR4 signaling protects from excessive muscular damage induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. Toxicon 2012; 60:1396-403. [PMID: 23085424 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells and skeletal muscle express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that participate as sensors of tissue injury triggering signals for activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of TLR4 in the process of skeletal muscle repair. Muscular injury was induced by injection of 0.6 mg/kg of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in the gastrocnemius muscle of C3H/HeJ mice that express a non-functional TLR-4 receptor and C3H/HeN mice with functional receptor. TLR4-deficient mice had persistent muscular inflammation with few F4/80 macrophages at onset but increased MMP9 activity and collagen deposition during resolution of injury. Since such effect was not observed in the mouse strain with functional receptor it is concluded that TLR4 signaling exerts a protective role preventing from excessive muscular damage induced by B. jararacussu venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustaquio Luiz Paiva-Oliveira
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
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Piva JADAC, Abreu EMDC, Silva VDS, Nicolau RA. Ação da terapia com laser de baixa potência nas fases iniciais do reparo tecidual: princípios básicos. An Bras Dermatol 2011; 86:947-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962011000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi revisar a literatura a respeito da terapia com laser de baixa potência e sua relação com as fases iniciais de reparo. Foram analisados 22 artigos, observando-se a utilização de diferentes doses e comprimentos de ondas (632,8 a 904 nm). Nos estudos in vitro, foram utilizadas doses entre 2,2 e 16 J/cm². A dose de 5 J/cm² tem sido apontada como responsável por mudanças significativas in vitro; porém, a dose de 16 J/cm² promove efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento celular em culturas. Em estudos in vivo, envolvendo animais, foram utilizadas doses entre 0,04 a 21 J/cm². Para estudos em humanos, foram utilizadas doses entre 1,8 a 16 J/cm². Conclui-se que a terapia com laser de baixa potência exerce efeitos anti-inflamatórios importantes nos processos iniciais da cicatrização: redução de mediadores químicos, de citocinas, do edema, diminuição da migração de células inflamatórias e incremento de fatores de crescimento, contribuindo diretamente para o processo de reabilitação tecidual. Porém, a falta de padronização dificulta a escolha de parâmetros ideais.
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Joensen J, Gjerdet NR, Hummelsund S, Iversen V, Lopes-Martins RAB, Bjordal JM. An experimental study of low-level laser therapy in rat Achilles tendon injury. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:103-11. [PMID: 21547473 PMCID: PMC3254871 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this controlled animal study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered 30 min after injury to the Achilles tendon. The study animals comprised 16 Sprague Dawley male rats divided in two groups. The right Achilles tendons were injured by blunt trauma using a mini guillotine, and were treated with LLLT or placebo LLLT 30 min later. The injury and LLLT procedures were then repeated 15 hours later on the same tendon. One group received active LLLT (λ = 904 nm, 60 mW mean output power, 0.158 W/cm2 for 50 s, energy 3 J) and the other group received placebo LLLT 23 hours after LLLT. Ultrasonographic images were taken to measure the thickness of the right and left Achilles tendons. Animals were then killed, and all Achilles tendons were tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS). All analyses were performed by blinded observers. There was a significant increase in tendon thickness in the active LLLT group when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences between the placebo and uninjured left tendons. There were no significant differences in UTS between laser-treated, placebo-treated and uninjured tendons. Laser irradiation of the Achilles tendon at 0.158 W/cm2 for 50 s (3 J) administered within the first 30 min after blunt trauma, and repeated after 15 h, appears to lead to edema of the tendon measured 23 hours after LLLT. The guillotine blunt trauma model seems suitable for inflicting tendon injury and measuring the effects of treatment on edema by ultrasonography and UTS. More studies are needed to further refine this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Joensen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
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Nadur-Andrade N, Barbosa AM, Carlos FP, Lima CJ, Cogo JC, Zamuner SR. Effects of photobiostimulation on edema and hemorrhage induced by Bothrops moojeni venom. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:65-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gomes MSR, de Queiroz MR, Mamede CCN, Mendes MM, Hamaguchi A, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI, Sousa MV, Aquino EN, Castro MS, de Oliveira F, Rodrigues VM. Purification and functional characterization of a new metalloproteinase (BleucMP) from Bothrops leucurus snake venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:290-300. [PMID: 21130897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A fibrino(geno)lytic nonhemorrhagic metalloproteinase (BleucMP) was purified from Bothrops leucurus snake venom by two chromatographic steps procedure on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 followed by CM-Sepharose Fast Flow column. BleucMP represented 1.75% (w/w) of the crude venom and was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE. BleucMP analyzed by MALDI TOF/TOF, showed a molecular mass of 23,057.54Da and when alkylated and reduced, the mass is 23,830.40Da. Their peptides analyzed in MS (MALDI TOF\TOF) showed significant score when compared with those of other proteins by NCBI-BLAST2 alignment display. As regards their proteolytic activities, BleucMP efficiently acted on fibrinogen, fibrin, and was inhibited by EDTA and 1.10-phenanthroline. This enzyme was also able to decrease significantly the plasma fibrinogen level provoking blood incoagulability, however was devoid of hemorrhagic activity when tested in the mice skin and did not induce relevant biochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations in mice. The aspects addressed in this paper provide data on the effect of BleucMP in envenomation from B. leucurus snakes in order to better understand the effects caused by snake venom metalloproteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sérgio R Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil.
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Dourado DM, Fávero S, Matias R, Carvalho PDTC, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Low-level laser therapy promotes vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 expression in endothelial and nonendothelial cells of mice gastrocnemius exposed to snake venom. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:418-26. [PMID: 21166811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Crotalinae snake venoms cause severe local myonecrosis and microvasculature failure at the bite site. We evaluated whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) could accelerate angiogenesis and myoregeneration in male Swiss mice injected with Bothrops moojeni venom through immunohistochemistry of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). Envenomed gastrocnemius was either unirradiated (V) or irradiated with HeNe (VHN, 632.8 nm) or GaAs (VGA, 904 nm, 10000 Hz). Animals sacrificed at 3 and 12 h were irradiated once (4 J cm(-2)), at 24 h (twice) and at 3, 7, 21 days (4, 8, 22 times, respectively). At 3 days, LLLT increased angiogenesis (80%:HeNe vs 40%:GaAs), decreased neutrophils and increased proliferation of regenerating cells. However, after 21 days, myoregeneration observed in the VHN group appeared delayed compared with the V group. As LLLT improved revascularization, the suggestive delay in myoregeneration could be a dose-response inhibitory effect caused by multiple irradiations in myogenesis. The immunodetection of VEGFR-1 in neutrophils, macrophages, satellite cells, fibroblasts, Schwann cells and skeletal and smooth muscle fibers (not seen in saline-controls) at only the acute stages of envenoming suggests a mediator role for VEGFR-1 in local alterations. This is the first time that VEGFR-1 expression, and its modulation by photostimulation, has been demonstrated in endothelial and nonendothelial cells of snake envenomed skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doroty M Dourado
- Departmento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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de Morais NCR, Barbosa AM, Vale ML, Villaverde AB, de Lima CJ, Cogo JC, Zamuner SR. Anti-inflammatory effect of low-level laser and light-emitting diode in zymosan-induced arthritis. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:227-32. [PMID: 19780633 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode (LED) on formation of edema, increase in vascular permeability, and articular joint hyperalgesia in zymosan-induced arthritis. BACKGROUND DATA It has been suggested that low-level laser and LED irradiation can modulate inflammatory processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Arthritis was induced in male Wistar rats (250-280 g) by intra-articular injection of zymosan (1 mg in 50 microL of a sterile saline solution) into one rear knee joint. Animals were irradiated immediately, 1 h, and 2 h after zymosan administration with a semiconductor laser (685 nm and 830 nm) and an LED at 628 nm, with the same dose (2.5 J/cm(2)) for laser and LED. In the positive control group, animals were injected with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone 1 h prior to the zymosan administration. Edema was measured by the wet/dry weight difference of the articular tissue, the increase in vascular permeability was assessed by the extravasation of Evans blue dye, and joint hyperalgesia was measured using the rat knee-joint articular incapacitation test. RESULTS Irradiation with 685 nm and 830 nm laser wavelengths significantly inhibited edema formation, vascular permeability, and hyperalgesia. Laser irradiation, averaged over the two wavelengths, reduced the vascular permeability by 24%, edema formation by 23%, and articular incapacitation by 59%. Treatment with LED (628 nm), with the same fluence as the laser, had no effect in zymosan-induced arthritis. CONCLUSION LLLT reduces inflammatory signs more effectively than LED irradiation with similar irradiation times (100 sec), average outputs (20 mW), and energy doses (2 J) in an animal model of zymosan-induced arthritis. The anti-inflammatory effects of LLLT appear to be a class effect, which is not wavelength specific in the red and infrared parts of the optical spectrum.
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Barbosa AM, Villaverde AB, Sousa LG, Munin E, Fernandez CM, Cogo JC, Zamuner SR. Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Myonecrosis Induced by Bothrops jararacussu Snake Venom. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:591-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Barbosa
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Balbin Villaverde
- Laboratory of Biomedical Instrumentation; University Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Guimarães Sousa
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Egberto Munin
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, University Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Cogo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP). São Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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