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Larréché S, Bousquet A, Chevillard L, Gahoual R, Jourdi G, Dupart AL, Bachelot-Loza C, Gaussem P, Siguret V, Chippaux JP, Mégarbane B. Bothrops atrox and Bothrops lanceolatus Venoms In Vitro Investigation: Composition, Procoagulant Effects, Co-Factor Dependency, and Correction Using Antivenoms. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:614. [PMID: 37888645 PMCID: PMC10611193 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bothrops venoms are rich in enzymes acting on platelets and coagulation. This action is dependent on two major co-factors, i.e., calcium and phospholipids, while antivenoms variably neutralize venom-related coagulopathy effects. Our aims were (i) to describe the composition of B. atrox and B. lanceolatus venoms; (ii) to study their activity on the whole blood using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM); (iii) to evaluate the contribution of calcium and phospholipids in their activity; and (iv) to compare the effectiveness of four antivenoms (Bothrofav™, Inoserp™ South America, Antivipmyn™ TRI, and PoliVal-ICP™) on the procoagulant activity of these two venoms. Venom composition was comparable. Both venoms exhibited hypercoagulant effects. B. lanceolatus venom was completely dependent on calcium but less dependent on phospholipids than B. atrox venom to induce in vitro coagulation. The four antivenoms neutralized the procoagulant activity of the two venoms; however, with quantitative differences. Bothrofav™ was more effective against both venoms than the three other antivenoms. The relatively similar venom-induced effects in vitro were unexpected considering the opposite clinical manifestations resulting from envenomation (i.e., systemic bleeding with B. atrox and thrombosis with B. lanceolatus). In vivo studies are warranted to better understand the pathophysiology of systemic bleeding and thrombosis associated with Bothrops bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Larréché
- Inserm, UMRS-1144, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, F-94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (A.B.); (A.-L.D.)
| | - Aurore Bousquet
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, F-94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (A.B.); (A.-L.D.)
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- Inserm, UMRS-1144, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Unit, CNRS UMR 8258, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Georges Jourdi
- Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (G.J.); (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Dupart
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, F-94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (A.B.); (A.-L.D.)
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (G.J.); (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (G.J.); (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (V.S.)
- Department of Hematology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Siguret
- Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; (G.J.); (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Inserm, UMRS-1144, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Federation of Toxicology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
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2
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Cavalcante JS, de Almeida DEG, Santos-Filho NA, Sartim MA, de Almeida Baldo A, Brasileiro L, Albuquerque PL, Oliveira SS, Sachett JAG, Monteiro WM, Ferreira RS. Crosstalk of Inflammation and Coagulation in Bothrops Snakebite Envenoming: Endogenous Signaling Pathways and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11508. [PMID: 37511277 PMCID: PMC10380640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming represents a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Considering the elevated number of accidents and high morbidity and mortality rates, the World Health Organization reclassified this disease to category A of neglected diseases. In Latin America, Bothrops genus snakes are mainly responsible for snakebites in humans, whose pathophysiology is characterized by local and systemic inflammatory and degradative processes, triggering prothrombotic and hemorrhagic events, which lead to various complications, organ damage, tissue loss, amputations, and death. The activation of the multicellular blood system, hemostatic alterations, and activation of the inflammatory response are all well-documented in Bothrops envenomings. However, the interface between inflammation and coagulation is still a neglected issue in the toxinology field. Thromboinflammatory pathways can play a significant role in some of the major complications of snakebite envenoming, such as stroke, venous thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury. In addition to exacerbating inflammation and cell interactions that trigger vaso-occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion processes, and, eventually, organic damage and necrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in modulating coagulation and inducing platelet and leukocyte activation, as well as the inflammatory production mediators and induction of innate immune responses, among other mechanisms that are altered by Bothrops venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton S Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Emanuel Garcia de Almeida
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Agronomic Sciences School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norival A Santos-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Araraquara 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, University Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Almeida Baldo
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisele Brasileiro
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Polianna L Albuquerque
- Toxicological Information and Assistance Center, Instituto Doutor Jose Frota Hospital, Fortaleza 60025-061, Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60430-140, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sâmella S Oliveira
- Research Management, Hospital Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-001, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Translational Science and Development of Biopharmaceuticals FAPESP/CEVAP-UNESP, Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Carrasco PA, Koch C, Grazziotin FG, Venegas PJ, Chaparro JC, Scrocchi GJ, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Leynaud GC, Mattoni CI. Total-evidence phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of New World pitvipers (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Cladistics 2023; 39:71-100. [PMID: 36701490 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotalines (pitvipers) in the Americas are distributed from southern Canada to southern Argentina, and are represented by 13 genera and 163 species that constitute a monophyletic group. Their phylogenetic relationships have been assessed mostly based on DNA sequences, while morphological data have scarcely been used for phylogenetic inquiry. We present a total-evidence phylogeny of New World pitvipers, the most taxon/character comprehensive phylogeny to date. Our analysis includes all genera, morphological data from external morphology, cranial osteology and hemipenial morphology, and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes. We performed analyses with parsimony as an optimality criterion, using different schemes for character weighting. We evaluated the contribution of the different sources of characters to the phylogeny through analyses of reduced datasets and calculation of weighted homoplasy and retention indexes. We performed a morphological character analysis to identify synapomorphies for the main clades. In terms of biogeography, our results support a single colonization event of the Americas by pitvipers, and a cladogenetic event into a Neotropical clade and a North American/Neotropical clade. The results also shed light on the previously unstable position of some taxa, although they could not sufficiently resolve the position of Bothrops lojanus, which may lead to the paraphyly of either Bothrops or Bothrocophias. The morphological character analyses demonstrated that an important phylogenetic signal is contained in characters related to head scalation, the jaws and the dorsum of the skull, and allowed us to detect morphological convergences in external morphology associated with arboreality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Carrasco
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Rondeau 798, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET), Rondeau, 798, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Koch
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change/Zoologisches Forschungsinstitute und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo J Venegas
- Instituto Peruano de Herpetología, Salazar Bondy 136, Santiago de Surco 15038, Lima, Peru.,Rainforest Partnership, 4005 Guadalupe St, Austin, TX, 78751, USA
| | - Juan C Chaparro
- Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Urbanización Mariscal Gamarra A-61, Zona 2, Cusco, Peru.,Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Paraninfo Universitario (Plaza de Armas s/n), Cusco, Peru
| | - Gustavo J Scrocchi
- UEL-CONICET and Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - David Salazar-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, EC170301, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gerardo C Leynaud
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Rondeau 798, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET), Rondeau, 798, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Camilo I Mattoni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Rondeau 798, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET), Rondeau, 798, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
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4
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Agurto-Arteaga A, Vivas-Ruiz DE, Lazo F, Proleón Á, Torrejón D, Electo J, Cayo C, Urra FA, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Sánchez EF, Yarlequé A. Simultaneous identification of three clinically relevant peruvian pit vipers by multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP). Toxicon 2023; 223:107022. [PMID: 36621682 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous knowledge about the taxonomic distribution of venomous snake species is very useful for epidemiological aspects of ophidism. Here, we sought to develop an assay for the differential identification of clinically relevant snakes in Peru: Bothrops atrox, Lachesis muta, and Crotalus durissus using a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay. For this, DNA was extracted from the shed snake skins and the mitochondrial genes Cytb, COI, and 12S rRNA were amplified and further sequenced, for the design of mLAMP reaction primers. For each snake species the forward and reverse primers, internal forward and reverse primers, and the loop primers were obtained, bearing the latter different fluorophores for product identification. Finally, the reaction was standardized in the presence of all primer sets, and an optimal amount of low molecular weight polyethyleneimine. The precipitated products were observed in a UV light transilluminator, finding a differential fluorescence according to the DNA used, with a detection limit to the naked eye in the range of 0.2-25 ng of DNA, within 30 min. This study is the first report on the use of mLAMP technology for the identification of venomous snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Agurto-Arteaga
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru.
| | - Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru.
| | - Fanny Lazo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Álex Proleón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel Torrejón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Electo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Carmen Cayo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Felix A Urra
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Inmunología, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eladio F Sánchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Armando Yarlequé
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
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5
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Alsolaiss J, Alomran N, Hawkins L, Casewell NR. Commercial Antivenoms Exert Broad Paraspecific Immunological Binding and In Vitro Inhibition of Medically Important Bothrops Pit Viper Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:1. [PMID: 36668821 PMCID: PMC9862972 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a life threatening neglected tropical disease that represents a considerable public health concern in the tropics. Viperid snakes of the genus Bothrops are among those of greatest medical importance in Latin America, and they frequently cause severe systemic haemotoxicity and local tissue destructive effects in human victims. Although snakebite antivenoms can be effective therapeutics, their efficacy is undermined by venom toxin variation among snake species. In this study we investigated the extent of paraspecific venom cross-reactivity exhibited by three distinct anti-Bothrops antivenoms (Soro antibotrópico-crotálico, BothroFav and PoliVal-ICP) against seven different Bothrops pit viper venoms from across Latin America. We applied a range of in vitro assays to assess the immunological binding and recognition of venom toxins by the antivenoms and their inhibitory activities against specific venom functionalities. Our findings demonstrated that, despite some variations, the monovalent antivenom BothroFav and the polyvalent antivenoms Soro antibotrópico-crotálico and PoliVap-ICP exhibited extensive immunological recognition of the distinct toxins found in the different Bothrops venoms, with Soro antibotrópico-crotálico generally outperformed by the other two products. In vitro functional assays revealed outcomes largely consistent with the immunological binding data, with PoliVap-ICP and BothroFav exhibiting the greatest inhibitory potencies against procoagulant and fibrinogen-depleting venom activities, though Soro antibotrópico-crotálico exhibited potent inhibition of venom metalloproteinase activities. Overall, our findings demonstrate broad levels of antivenom paraspecificity, with in vitro immunological binding and functional inhibition often highly comparable between venoms used to manufacture the antivenoms and those from related species, even in the case of the monovalent antivenom BothroFav. Our findings suggest that the current clinical utility of these antivenoms could possibly be expanded to other parts of Latin America that currently suffer from a lack of specific snakebite therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffer Alsolaiss
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Nessrin Alomran
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Laura Hawkins
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Tropical Disease Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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6
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Proleón A, Torrejón D, Urra FA, Lazo F, López-Torres C, Fuentes-Retamal S, Quispe E, Bautista L, Agurto A, Gavilan RG, Sandoval GA, Rodríguez E, Sánchez EF, Yarlequé A, Vivas-Ruiz DE. Functional, immunological characterization, and anticancer activity of BaMtx: A new Lys49- PLA 2 homologue isolated from the venom of Peruvian Bothrops atrox snake (Serpentes: Viperidae). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:990-1002. [PMID: 35321814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bothorps atrox is responsible for most of the ophidism cases in Perú. As part of the envenoming, myotoxicity is one of the most recurrent and destructive effects. In this study, a myotoxin, named BaMtx, was purified from B. atrox venom to elucidate its biological, immunological, and molecular characteristics. BaMtx was purified using CM-Sephadex-C-25 ion-exchange resin and SDS-PAGE analysis showed a unique protein band of 13 kDa or 24 kDa under reducing or non-reducing conditions, respectively. cDNA sequence codified a 122-aa mature protein with high homology with other Lys49-PLA2s; modeled structure showed a N-terminal helix, a β-wing region, and a C-terminal random coil. This protein has a poor phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity. BaMtx has myotoxic (DMM = 12.30 ± 0.95 μg) and edema-forming (DEM = 26.00 ± 1.15 μg) activities. Rabbit immunization with purified enzyme produced anti-BaMtx antibodies that reduced 50.28 ± 10.15% of myotoxic activity and showed significant cross-reactivity against B. brazili and B pictus venoms. On the other hand, BaMtx exhibits mild anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on breast cancer cells, affecting the ROS and NADH levels, which may reduce mitochondrial respiration. These results contribute to the understanding of B. atrox Lys49-PLA2 effects and establish the anticancer potential de BaMtx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Proleón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Daniel Torrejón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Felix A Urra
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Fanny Lazo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Camila López-Torres
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Retamal
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Edwin Quispe
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Lorgio Bautista
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Andrés Agurto
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Ronnie G Gavilan
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud-Perú, Jesús María, Lima, Peru; Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo A Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Edith Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Eladio F Sánchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Armando Yarlequé
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú
| | - Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Perú.
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7
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Cavalcante JDS, Nogueira Júnior FA, Bezerra Jorge RJ, Almeida C. Pain modulated by Bothrops snake venoms: Mechanisms of nociceptive signaling and therapeutic perspectives. Toxicon 2021; 201:105-114. [PMID: 34425141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are substances mostly composed by proteins and peptides with high biological activity. Local and systemic effects culminate in clinical manifestations induced by these substances. Pain is the most uncomfortable condition, but it has not been well investigated. This review discusses Bothrops snakebite-induced nociception, highlighting molecules involved in the mediation of this process and perspectives in treatment of pain induced by Bothrops snake venoms (B. alternatus, B. asper, B. atrox, B. insularis, B. jararaca, B. pirajai, B. jararacussu, B. lanceolatus, B. leucurus, B. mattogrossensis, B. moojeni). We highlight, the understanding of the nociceptive signaling, especially in snakebite, enables more efficient treatment approaches. Finally, future perspectives for pain treatment concerning snakebite patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton Dos Santos Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Assis Nogueira Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cayo Almeida
- Center of Mathematics, Computing Sciences and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Larréché S, Chippaux JP, Chevillard L, Mathé S, Résière D, Siguret V, Mégarbane B. Bleeding and Thrombosis: Insights into Pathophysiology of Bothrops Venom-Related Hemostasis Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179643. [PMID: 34502548 PMCID: PMC8431793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins from Bothrops venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability, thrombotic microangiopathy and macrothrombosis. Beyond hemostais disorders, toxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of edema and in most complications such as hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse, acute kidney injury, myonecrosis, compartmental syndrome and superinfection. These toxins can be classified as enzymatic proteins (snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases, phospholipases A2 and L-amino acid oxidases) and non-enzymatic proteins (desintegrins and C-type lectin proteins). Bleeding is due to a multifocal toxicity targeting vessels, platelets and coagulation factors. Vessel damage due to the degradation of basement membrane and the subsequent disruption of endothelial cell integrity under hydrostatic pressure and tangential shear stress is primarily responsible for bleeding. Hemorrhage is promoted by thrombocytopenia, platelet hypoaggregation, consumption coagulopathy and fibrin(ogen)olysis. Onset of thrombotic microangiopathy is probably due to the switch of endothelium to a prothrombotic phenotype with overexpression of tissue factor and other pro-aggregating biomarkers in association with activation of platelets and coagulation. Thrombosis involving large-caliber vessels in B. lanceolatus envenomation remains a unique entity, which exact pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Larréché
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- CRT, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Simon Mathé
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Dabor Résière
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort de France, 97200 Martinique, France;
| | - Virginie Siguret
- INSERM, UMRS-1140, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratory of Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-143-985-299
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9
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Durso AM, Ruiz de Castañeda R, Montalcini C, Mondardini MR, Fernandez-Marques JL, Grey F, Müller MM, Uetz P, Marshall BM, Gray RJ, Smith CE, Becker D, Pingleton M, Louies J, Abegg AD, Akuboy J, Alcoba G, Daltry JC, Entiauspe-Neto OM, Freed P, de Freitas MA, Glaudas X, Huang S, Huang T, Kalki Y, Kojima Y, Laudisoit A, Limbu KP, Martínez-Fonseca JG, Mebert K, Rödel MO, Ruane S, Ruedi M, Schmitz A, Tatum SA, Tillack F, Visvanathan A, Wüster W, Bolon I. Citizen science and online data: Opportunities and challenges for snake ecology and action against snakebite. Toxicon X 2021; 9-10:100071. [PMID: 34278294 PMCID: PMC8264216 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretive behavior and life history of snakes makes studying their biology, distribution, and the epidemiology of venomous snakebite challenging. One of the most useful, most versatile, and easiest to collect types of biological data are photographs, particularly those that are connected with geographic location and date-time metadata. Photos verify occurrence records, provide data on phenotypes and ecology, and are often used to illustrate new species descriptions, field guides and identification keys, as well as in training humans and computer vision algorithms to identify snakes. We scoured eleven online and two offline sources of snake photos in an attempt to collect as many photos of as many snake species as possible, and attempt to explain some of the inter-species variation in photograph quantity among global regions and taxonomic groups, and with regard to medical importance, human population density, and range size. We collected a total of 725,565 photos-between 1 and 48,696 photos of 3098 of the world's 3879 snake species (79.9%), leaving 781 "most wanted" species with no photos (20.1% of all currently-described species as of the December 2020 release of The Reptile Database). We provide a list of most wanted species sortable by family, continent, authority, and medical importance, and encourage snake photographers worldwide to submit photos and associated metadata, particularly of "missing" species, to the most permanent and useful online archives: The Reptile Database, iNaturalist, and HerpMapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Durso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL, USA
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Rosa Mondardini
- Citizen Science Center Zürich (ETH Zürich and University of Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Peter Uetz
- The Reptile Database, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthur D. Abegg
- Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeannot Akuboy
- University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Jennifer C. Daltry
- Flora & Fauna International, Cambridge, England, UK
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Paul Freed
- The Reptile Database, Richmond, VA, USA
- Reptile Database, Scotts Mills, OR, USA
| | | | - Xavier Glaudas
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Song Huang
- Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | | | - Yatin Kalki
- Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Konrad Mebert
- Global Biology, Birr, Switzerland
- Institute of Development, Ecology, Conservation & Cooperation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Ruedi
- Museum d'Histoire naturelle Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Frank Tillack
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Isabelle Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Wüster W, Thomson SA, O’shea M, Kaiser H. Confronting taxonomic vandalism in biology: conscientious community self-organization can preserve nomenclatural stability. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Self-published taxon descriptions, bereft of a basis of evidence, are a long-standing problem in taxonomy. The problem derives in part from the Principle of Priority in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, which forces the use of the oldest available nomen irrespective of scientific merit. This provides a route to ‘immortality’ for unscrupulous individuals through the mass-naming of taxa without scientific basis, a phenomenon referred to as taxonomic vandalism. Following a flood of unscientific taxon namings, in 2013 a group of concerned herpetologists organized a widely supported, community-based campaign to treat these nomina as lying outside the permanent scientific record, and to ignore and overwrite them as appropriate. Here, we review the impact of these proposals over the past 8 years. We identified 59 instances of unscientific names being set aside and overwritten with science-based names (here termed aspidonyms), and 1087 uses of these aspidonyms, compared to one instance of preference for the overwritten names. This shows that when there is widespread consultation and agreement across affected research communities, setting aside certain provisions of the Code can constitute an effective last resort defence against taxonomic vandalism and enhance the universality and stability of the scientific nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Scott A Thomson
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Vertebrados (Herpetologia), Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Chelonian Research Institute, 401 South Central Avenue, Oviedo, FL 32765, USA
| | - Mark O’shea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Hinrich Kaiser
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, CA 92395, USA
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11
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Durso AM, Moorthy GK, Mohanty SP, Bolon I, Salathé M, Ruiz de Castañeda R. Supervised Learning Computer Vision Benchmark for Snake Species Identification From Photographs: Implications for Herpetology and Global Health. Front Artif Intell 2021; 4:582110. [PMID: 33959704 PMCID: PMC8093445 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2021.582110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We trained a computer vision algorithm to identify 45 species of snakes from photos and compared its performance to that of humans. Both human and algorithm performance is substantially better than randomly guessing (null probability of guessing correctly given 45 classes = 2.2%). Some species (e.g., Boa constrictor) are routinely identified with ease by both algorithm and humans, whereas other groups of species (e.g., uniform green snakes, blotched brown snakes) are routinely confused. A species complex with largely molecular species delimitation (North American ratsnakes) was the most challenging for computer vision. Humans had an edge at identifying images of poor quality or with visual artifacts. With future improvement, computer vision could play a larger role in snakebite epidemiology, particularly when combined with information about geographic location and input from human experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Durso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL, United States.,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Isabelle Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Salathé
- AICrowd, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Digital Epidemiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Durso AM, Bolon I, Kleinhesselink AR, Mondardini MR, Fernandez-Marquez JL, Gutsche-Jones F, Gwilliams C, Tanner M, Smith CE, Wüster W, Grey F, Ruiz de Castañeda R. Crowdsourcing snake identification with online communities of professional herpetologists and avocational snake enthusiasts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201273. [PMID: 33614073 PMCID: PMC7890515 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Species identification can be challenging for biologists, healthcare practitioners and members of the general public. Snakes are no exception, and the potential medical consequences of venomous snake misidentification can be significant. Here, we collected data on identification of 100 snake species by building a week-long online citizen science challenge which attracted more than 1000 participants from around the world. We show that a large community including both professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts with the potential to quickly (less than 2 min) and accurately (69-90%; see text) identify snakes is active online around the clock, but that only a small fraction of community members are proficient at identifying snakes to the species level, even when provided with the snake's geographical origin. Nevertheless, participants showed great enthusiasm and engagement, and our study provides evidence that innovative citizen science/crowdsourcing approaches can play significant roles in training and building capacity. Although identification by an expert familiar with the local snake fauna will always be the gold standard, we suggest that healthcare workers, clinicians, epidemiologists and other parties interested in snakebite could become more connected to these communities, and that professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts could organize ways to help connect medical professionals to crowdsourcing platforms. Involving skilled avocational snake enthusiasts in decision making could build the capacity of healthcare workers to identify snakes more quickly, specifically and accurately, and ultimately improve snakebite treatment data and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Durso
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL, USA
| | - I. Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. R. Kleinhesselink
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M. R. Mondardini
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Gutsche-Jones
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Gwilliams
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Tanner
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - W. Wüster
- Bangor University College of Natural Sciences, Bangor, UK
| | - F. Grey
- Citizen Cyberlab, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. Ruiz de Castañeda
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Mora-Obando D, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Pla D, Lomonte B, Guerrero-Vargas JA, Ayerbe S, Gibbs HL, Calvete JJ. Venom variation in Bothrops asper lineages from North-Western South America. J Proteomics 2020; 229:103945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Diniz-Sousa R, Moraes JDN, Rodrigues-da-Silva TM, Oliveira CS, Caldeira CADS. A brief review on the natural history, venomics and the medical importance of bushmaster ( Lachesis) pit viper snakes. Toxicon X 2020; 7:100053. [PMID: 32793880 PMCID: PMC7408722 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakes of the genus Lachesis, commonly known as bushmasters, are the largest venomous snakes in the Americas. Because these snakes have their habitats in areas of remote forests they are difficult to find, and consequently there are few studies of Lachesis taxa in their natural ecosystems. Bushmasters are distributed in tropical forest areas of South and Central America. In Brazil they can be found in the Amazon Rainforest and the Atlantic Forest. Despite the low incidence of cases, laquetic envenoming causes severe permanent sequelae due to the high amount of inoculated venom. These accidents are characterized by local pain, hemorrhage and myonecrosis that can be confused with bothropic envenomings. However, victims of Lachesis bites develop symptoms characteristic of Lachesis envenoming, known as vagal syndrome. An important message of this bibliographic synthesis exercise is that, despite having the proteomic profiles of all the taxa of the genus available, very few structure-function correlation studies have been carried out. Therefore the motivation for this review was to fill a gap in the literature on the genus Lachesis, about which there is no recent review. Here we discuss data scattered in a number of original articles published in specialized journals, spanning the evolutionary history and extant phylogeographic distribution of the bushmasters, their venom composition and diet, as well as the pathophysiology of their bites to humans and the biological activities and possible biotechnological applicability of their venom toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Diniz-Sousa
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Sao Lucas University Center (UniSL), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Jeane do N. Moraes
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia S. Oliveira
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Cleópatra A. da S. Caldeira
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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15
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Sanz L, Quesada-Bernat S, Pérez A, De Morais-Zani K, SantˈAnna SS, Hatakeyama DM, Tasima LJ, De Souza MB, Kayano AM, Zavaleta A, Salas M, Soares AM, Calderón LDA, Tanaka-Azevedo AM, Lomonte B, Calvete JJ, Caldeira CAS. Danger in the Canopy. Comparative Proteomics and Bioactivities of the Venoms of the South American Palm Pit Viper Bothrops bilineatus Subspecies bilineatus and smaragdinus and Antivenomics of B. b. bilineatus (Rondônia) Venom against the Brazilian Pentabothropic Antivenom. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3518-3532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libia Sanz
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sarai Quesada-Bernat
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | | | - Sávio S. SantˈAnna
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
| | | | - Lidia J. Tasima
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Moisés B. De Souza
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Rio Branco 69915-900, AC, Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Kayano
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
| | - Alfonso Zavaleta
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - Maria Salas
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBIOEXP), Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-974, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Lucas (UniSL), Porto Velho 76805-846, RO, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de A. Calderón
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBIOEXP), Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-974, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Juan J. Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBIOEXP), Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-974, Brazil
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16
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Lomonte B, Díaz C, Chaves F, Fernández J, Ruiz M, Salas M, Zavaleta A, Calvete JJ, Sasa M. Comparative characterization of Viperidae snake venoms from Perú reveals two compositional patterns of phospholipase A 2 expression. Toxicon X 2020; 7:100044. [PMID: 32550596 PMCID: PMC7285926 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake species within the Bothrops complex (sensu lato) are of medical relevance in Latin America, but knowledge on their venom characteristics is limited, or even unavailable, for some taxa. Perú harbors 17 species of pit vipers, within the genera Bothrops, Bothriechis, Bothrocophias, Porthidium, Crotalus, and Lachesis. This study compared the venoms of twelve species, through chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles, as well as proteolytic and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. Also, proteomic profiles were analyzed for nine of the venoms using a shotgun approach. Results unveiled conspicuous differences in the expression of venom PLA2s among species, six of them presenting scarce levels as judged by RP-HPLC profiles. Since most species within the bothropoid lineage possess venoms with high to intermediate abundances of this protein family, our findings suggest the existence of a phenotypic duality in the expression of venom PLA2s within the Bothrops (sensu lato) complex. Bothrops barnetti and Bothrocophias andianus venoms, very scarce in PLA2s, were shown to lack significant myotoxic activity, highlighting that the observed variability in PLA2 expression bears toxicological correlations with effects attributed to these proteins. Finally, an attempt to identify phylogenetic relationships of bothropoid species from Perú presenting low- or high-PLA2 venom phenotypes showed an interspersed pattern, thus precluding a simple phylogenetic interpretation of this venom compositional dichotomy. Venoms from 12 viperids of Perú were compared. Conspicuous differences in the expression of PLA2 were found. Venoms presenting scarce levels of PLA2 lack myotoxicity. A new phenotypic dichotomy in venom PLA2 expression is described within Bothrops (sensu lato).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cecilia Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Fernando Chaves
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Julián Fernández
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marco Ruiz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María Salas
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfonso Zavaleta
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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17
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Sanz L, Pérez A, Quesada-Bernat S, Diniz-Sousa R, Calderón LA, Soares AM, Calvete JJ, Caldeira CAS. Venomics and antivenomics of the poorly studied Brazil's lancehead, Bothrops brazili (Hoge, 1954), from the Brazilian State of Pará. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190103. [PMID: 32362928 PMCID: PMC7179968 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Brazil’s lancehead, Bothrops brazili, is a poorly
studied pit viper distributed in lowlands of the equatorial rainforests of
southern Colombia, northeastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, southern and
southeastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, and
northern Bolivia. Few studies have been reported on toxins isolated from
venom of Ecuadorian and Brazilian B. brazili. The aim of
the present study was to elucidate the qualitative and quantitative protein
composition of B. brazili venom from Pará (Brazil), and to
carry out a comparative antivenomics assessment of the immunoreactivity of
the Brazilian antibothropic pentavalent antivenom [soro
antibotrópico (SAB) in Portuguese] against the venoms of
B. brazili and reference species, B.
jararaca. Methods: We have applied a quantitative snake venomics approach, including
reverse-phase and two-dimensional electrophoretic decomplexation of the
venom toxin arsenal, LC-ESI-MS mass profiling and peptide-centric MS/MS
proteomic analysis, to unveil the overall protein composition of B.
brazili venom from Pará (Brazil). Using third-generation
antivenomics, the specific and paraspecific immunoreactivity of the
Brazilian SAB against homologous (B. jararaca) and
heterologous (B. brazili) venoms was investigated. Results: The venom proteome of the Brazil’s lancehead (Pará) is predominantly composed
of two major and three minor acidic (19%) and two major and five minor basic
(14%) phospholipase A2 molecules; 7-11 snake venom
metalloproteinases of classes PI (21%) and PIII (6%); 10-12 serine
proteinases (14%), and 1-2 L-amino acid oxidases (6%). Other toxins,
including two cysteine-rich secretory proteins, one C-type lectin-like
molecule, one nerve growth factor, one 5'-nucleotidase, one
phosphodiesterase, one phospholipase B, and one glutaminyl cyclase molecule,
represent together less than 2.7% of the venom proteome. Third generation
antivenomics profile of the Brazilian pentabothropic antivenom showed
paraspecific immunoreactivity against all the toxin classes of B.
brazili venom, with maximal binding capacity of
132.2 mg venom/g antivenom. This figure indicates that 19% of antivenom's
F(ab')2 antibodies bind B. brazili venom
toxins. Conclusion: The proteomics outcome contribute to a deeper insight into the spectrum of
toxins present in the venom of the Brazil’s lancehead, and rationalize the
pathophysiology underlying this snake bite envenomings. The comparative
qualitative and quantitative immunorecognition profile of the Brazilian
pentabothropic antivenom toward the venom toxins of B.
brazili and B. jararaca (the reference venom
for assessing the bothropic antivenom's potency in Brazil), provides clues
about the proper use of the Brazilian antibothropic polyvalent antivenom in
the treatment of bites by the Brazil’s lancehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libia Sanz
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Quesada-Bernat
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafaela Diniz-Sousa
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,São Lucas University Center (UniSL), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Calderón
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Aparício Carvalho University Center (FIMCA), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,São Lucas University Center (UniSL), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Epidemiology of the Western Amazônia, (INCT-EpiAmO), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cleópatra A S Caldeira
- Center for the Study of Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Experimental Biology (PGBIOEXP), Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, BIONORTE Network, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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Bolon I, Durso AM, Botero Mesa S, Ray N, Alcoba G, Chappuis F, Ruiz de Castañeda R. Identifying the snake: First scoping review on practices of communities and healthcare providers confronted with snakebite across the world. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229989. [PMID: 32134964 PMCID: PMC7058330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snakebite envenoming is a major global health problem that kills or disables half a million people in the world's poorest countries. Biting snake identification is key to understanding snakebite eco-epidemiology and optimizing its clinical management. The role of snakebite victims and healthcare providers in biting snake identification has not been studied globally. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to identify and characterize the practices in biting snake identification across the globe. METHODS Epidemiological studies of snakebite in humans that provide information on biting snake identification were systematically searched in Web of Science and Pubmed from inception to 2nd February 2019. This search was further extended by snowball search, hand searching literature reviews, and using Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened publications and charted the data. RESULTS We analysed 150 publications reporting 33,827 snakebite cases across 35 countries. On average 70% of victims/bystanders spotted the snake responsible for the bite and 38% captured/killed it and brought it to the healthcare facility. This practice occurred in 30 countries with both fast-moving, active-foraging as well as more secretive snake species. Methods for identifying biting snakes included snake body examination, victim/bystander biting snake description, interpretation of clinical features, and laboratory tests. In nine publications, a picture of the biting snake was taken and examined by snake experts. Snakes were identified at the species/genus level in only 18,065/33,827 (53%) snakebite cases. 106 misidentifications led to inadequate victim management. The 8,885 biting snakes captured and identified were from 149 species including 71 (48%) non-venomous species. CONCLUSION Snakebite victims and healthcare providers can play a central role in biting snake identification and novel approaches (e.g. photographing the snake, crowdsourcing) could help increase biting snake taxonomy collection to better understand snake ecology and snakebite epidemiology and ultimately improve snakebite management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M. Durso
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Botero Mesa
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ray
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Alcoba
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hamdan B, Guedes TB, Carrasco PA, Melville J. A complex biogeographic history of diversification in Neotropical lancehead pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Breno Hamdan
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Coleções Biológicas e Biodiversidade Instituto Vital Brazil Niterói Brazil
| | - Thaís B. Guedes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Caxias Brazil
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center University of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Paola A. Carrasco
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Centro de Zoología Aplicada Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) Córdoba Argentina
| | - Jane Melville
- Sciences Department Museum Victoria Melbourne Vic. Australia
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New findings from the first transcriptome of the Bothrops moojeni snake venom gland. Toxicon 2017; 140:105-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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