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Nong JF, Huang Z, Huang ZZ, Yang J, Li JC, Yang F, Huang DL, Wang F, Wang W. Development of sandwich ELISA and lateral flow assay for the detection of Bungarus multicinctus venom. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011165. [PMID: 36996245 PMCID: PMC10089342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming adversely affects human health and life worldwide. Presently, no suitable diagnostic tools for snakebite envenoming are available in China. Therefore, we sought to develop reliable diagnostic tests for snakebite management. We conducted affinity purification experiments to prepare species-specific antivenom antibody (SSAb). In brief, affinity chromatography with an antibody purification column (Protein A) was conducted to purify immunoglobulin G from Bungarus multicinctus (BM) venom hyperimmunized rabbit serum. The cross-reactive antibodies were removed from commercial BM antivenin by immune adsorption on the affinity chromatography columns of the other three venoms, Bungarus Fasciatus (FS), Naja atra (NA), and O. hannah (OH), generating SSAb. The results of western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed the high specificity of the prepared SSAb. The obtained antibodies were then applied to ELISA and lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect BM venom. The resulting ELISA and LFA could specifically and rapidly detect BM venom in various samples with the limits of quantification as 0.1 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. This method could effectively detect snake venom in experimentally envenomed rats (simulating human envenomation), which could distinguish positive and negative samples within 10-15 min. This method also showed promise in serving as a highly useful tool for a rapid clinical distinguishing of BM bites and rational use of antivenom in emergency centers. The study also revealed cross-reactivity between BM and heterogenous venoms, suggesting that they shared common epitopes, which is of great significance for developing detection methods for venoms of the snakes belonging to the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Fei Nong
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng-Zhuang Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Ling Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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2
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Lee LP, Tan CH, Khomvilai S, Sitprija V, Chaiyabutr N, Tan KY. Characterizing and applying immunoglobulins in snakebite diagnostics: A simple and rapid venom detection assay for four medically important snake species in Southeast Asia. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123727. [PMID: 36863668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a medical emergency requiring urgent and specific treatment. Unfortunately, snakebite diagnostics are scarce, time-consuming and lacking specificity. Hence, this study aimed to develop a simple, quick and specific snakebite diagnostic assay using animal antibodies. Anti-venom horse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) were produced against the venoms of four major medically important snake species in Southeast Asia, i.e., the Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia), Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus), Malayan Pit Viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), and White-lipped Green Pit Viper (Trimeresurus albolabris). Different capture:detection configurations of double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were constructed using both immunoglobulins, and the horse IgG:IgG-HRP configuration was found to be most selective and sensitive in detecting the corresponding venoms. The method was further streamlined to develop a rapid immunodetection assay, which is able to produce a visual color change within 30 min for discrimination between different snake species. The study shows it is feasible to develop a simple, quick and specific immunodiagnostic assay using horse IgG, which can be derived directly from antisera prepared for antivenom production. The proof-of-concept indicates it is a sustainable and affordable approach in keeping with on-going antivenom manufacturing activities for specific species in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Pernee Lee
- Venom Research and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choo Hock Tan
- Venom Research and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sumana Khomvilai
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Sitprija
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narongsak Chaiyabutr
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Protein and Interactomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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3
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Surti PV, Kim MW, Phan LMT, Kailasa SK, Mungray AK, Park JP, Park TJ. Progress on dot-blot assay as a promising analytical tool: Detection from molecules to cells. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Puzari U, Fernandes PA, Mukherjee AK. Pharmacological re-assessment of traditional medicinal plants-derived inhibitors as antidotes against snakebite envenoming: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115208. [PMID: 35314419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional healers have used medicinal plants to treat snakebite envenomation worldwide; however, mostly without scientific validation. There have been many studies on the therapeutic potential of the natural products against snake envenomation. AIM OF THE STUDY This review has highlighted snake venom inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds and peptides from plants that have found a traditional use in treating snakebite envenomation. We have systematically reviewed the scenario of different phases of natural snake venom inhibitors characterization covering a period from 1994 until the present and critically analysed the lacuna of the studies if any, and further scope for their translation from bench to bedside. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medicinal plant-derived compounds used against snakebite therapy were reviewed from the available literature in public databases (Scopus, MEDLINE) from 1994 till 2020. The search words used were 'natural inhibitors against snakebite,' 'natural products as therapeutics against snakebite,' 'natural products as antidote against snake envenomation,' ' snake venom toxin natural inhibitors,' 'snake venom herbal inhibitors'. However, the scope of this review does not include computational (in silico) predictions without any wet laboratory validation and snake venom inhibitory activity of the crude plant extracts. In addition, we have also predicted the ADMET properties of the identified snake venom inhibitors to highlight their valuable pharmacokinetics for future clinical studies. RESULTS The therapeutic application of plant-derived natural inhibitors to treat snakebite envenomation as an auxiliary to antivenom therapy has been gaining significant momentum. Pharmacological reassessment of the natural compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants has demonstrated inhibition of the principal toxic enzymes of snake venoms at various extents to curb the lethal and/or deleterious effects of venomous snakebite. Nevertheless, such molecules are yet to be commercialized for clinical application in the treatment of snakebite. There are many obstacles in the marketability of the plant-derived natural products as snake envenomation antidote and strategies must be explored for the translation of these compounds from drug candidates to their clinical application. CONCLUSION In order to minimize the adverse implications of snake envenomation, strategies must be developed for the smooth transition of these plant-derived small molecule inhibitors from bench to bedside. In this article we have presented an inclusive review and have critically analysed natural products for their therapeutic potential against snake envenomation, and have proposed a road map for use of natural products as antidote against snakebite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Puzari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade De Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Manson EZ, Mutinda KC, Gikunju JK, Bocian A, Hus KK, Petrílla V, Legáth J, Kimotho JH. Development of an Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Prototype for Detecting Cytotoxic Three-Finger Toxins (3FTxs) in African Spitting Cobra Venoms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030888. [PMID: 35164152 PMCID: PMC8838685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of toxin-specific therapy in snake envenoming is predicated on improved diagnostic techniques capable of detecting specific venom toxins. Various serological tests have been used in detecting snakebite envenoming. Comparatively, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been shown to offer a wider practical application. We report an inhibition ELISA for detecting three-finger toxin (3FTx) proteins in venoms of African spitting cobras. The optimized assay detected 3FTxs in N. ashei (including other Naja sp.) venoms, spiked samples, and venom-challenged mice samples. In venoms of Naja sp., the assay showed inhibition, implying the detection of 3FTxs, but showed little or no inhibition in non-Naja sp. In mice-spiked samples, one-way ANOVA results showed that the observed inhibition was not statistically significant between spiked samples and negative control (p-value = 0.164). Similarly, the observed differences in inhibition between venom-challenged and negative control samples were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.9109). At an LOD of 0.01 µg/mL, the assay was able to confirm the presence of 3FTxs in the samples. Our results show a proof of concept for the use of an inhibition ELISA model as a tool for detecting 3FTxs in the venoms of African spitting cobra snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Z. Manson
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology & Innovation, Pan African University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Correspondence:
| | - Kyama C. Mutinda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (K.C.M.); (J.K.G.)
| | - Joseph K. Gikunju
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (K.C.M.); (J.K.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Bocian
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Konrad K. Hus
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Vladimír Petrílla
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
- Zoological Department, Zoological Garden Košice, Široká 31, 040 06 Košice-Kavečany, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Legáth
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Patra A, Kalita B, Khadilkar MV, Salvi NC, Shelke PV, Mukherjee AK. Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18238. [PMID: 34521877 PMCID: PMC8440654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake envenomation is a severe problem in Sri Lanka (SL) and Indian polyvalent antivenom (PAV) is mostly used for treating snakebite albeit due to geographical variation in venom composition, Indian PAV shows poor efficacy in neutralizing the lethality and toxicity of venom from the same species of snakes in SL. Therefore, the quality and in vivo venom neutralization potency of a country-specific PAV produced against the venom of the five most medically important snakes of SL (Daboia russelii, Echis carinatus, Hypnale hypnale, Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus) was assessed. LC-MS/MS analysis of two batches of PAV showed the presence of 88.7-97.2% IgG and traces of other plasma proteins. The tested PAVs contained minor amounts of undigested IgG and F(ab')2 aggregates, showed complement activation, were devoid of IgE, endotoxin, and content of preservative was below the threshold level. Immunological cross-reactivity and in vitro neutralization of enzymatic activities, pharmacological properties demonstrated superior efficacy of SL PAV compared to Indian PAV against SL snake venoms. The in vivo neutralization study showed that the tested PAVs are potent to neutralize the lethality and venom-induced toxicity of SL snake venoms. Therefore, our study suggests that introduction of SL-specific PAV will improve snakebite management in SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Milind V Khadilkar
- Premium Serums and Vaccines Pvt. Ltd, Narayangaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410504, India
| | - Nitin C Salvi
- Premium Serums and Vaccines Pvt. Ltd, Narayangaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410504, India
| | - Pravin V Shelke
- Premium Serums and Vaccines Pvt. Ltd, Narayangaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410504, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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7
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Complex target SELEX-based identification of DNA aptamers against Bungarus caeruleus venom for the detection of envenomation using a paper-based device. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113523. [PMID: 34333364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Complex target SELEX always have been an intriguing approach to the scientific community, as it offers the potential discovery of novel biomarkers. We herein successfully performed SELEX on Bungarus caeruleus venom to develop a panel of highly affine aptamers that specifically recognizes the B. caeruleus (common krait) venom and was able to discriminate the B. caeruleus venom from Cobra, Russell's, and Saw-scaled viper's venom. The aptamers generated against the crude venom also lead to the identification of the specific component of the venom, which is β-Bungarotoxin, a toxin uniquely present in the B. caeruleus venom. The best performing aptamer candidates were used as a molecular recognition element in a paper-based device and were able to detect as low as 2 ng krait venom in human serum background. The developed aptamer-based paper device can be used for potential point-of-care venom detection applications due to its simplicity and affordability.
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8
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Knudsen C, Jürgensen JA, Føns S, Haack AM, Friis RUW, Dam SH, Bush SP, White J, Laustsen AH. Snakebite Envenoming Diagnosis and Diagnostics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661457. [PMID: 33995385 PMCID: PMC8113877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is predominantly an occupational disease of the rural tropics, causing death or permanent disability to hundreds of thousands of victims annually. The diagnosis of snakebite envenoming is commonly based on a combination of patient history and a syndromic approach. However, the availability of auxiliary diagnostic tests at the disposal of the clinicians vary from country to country, and the level of experience within snakebite diagnosis and intervention may be quite different for clinicians from different hospitals. As such, achieving timely diagnosis, and thus treatment, is a challenge faced by treating personnel around the globe. For years, much effort has gone into developing novel diagnostics to support diagnosis of snakebite victims, especially in rural areas of the tropics. Gaining access to affordable and rapid diagnostics could potentially facilitate more favorable patient outcomes due to early and appropriate treatment. This review aims to highlight regional differences in epidemiology and clinical snakebite management on a global scale, including an overview of the past and ongoing research efforts within snakebite diagnostics. Finally, the review is rounded off with a discussion on design considerations and potential benefits of novel snakebite diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Knudsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- BioPorto Diagnostics A/S, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jonas A. Jürgensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Føns
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aleksander M. Haack
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus U. W. Friis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren H. Dam
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sean P. Bush
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julian White
- Toxinology Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Patra A, Banerjee D, Dasgupta S, Mukherjee AK. The in vitro laboratory tests and mass spectrometry-assisted quality assessment of commercial polyvalent antivenom raised against the ‘Big Four’ venomous snakes of India. Toxicon 2021; 192:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Puzari U, Mukherjee AK. Recent developments in diagnostic tools and bioanalytical methods for analysis of snake venom: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:208-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Pucca MB, Knudsen C, S. Oliveira I, Rimbault C, A. Cerni F, Wen FH, Sachett J, Sartim MA, Laustsen AH, Monteiro WM. Current Knowledge on Snake Dry Bites. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E668. [PMID: 33105644 PMCID: PMC7690386 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake 'dry bites' are characterized by the absence of venom being injected into the victim during a snakebite incident. The dry bite mechanism and diagnosis are quite complex, and the lack of envenoming symptoms in these cases may be misinterpreted as a miraculous treatment or as proof that the bite from the perpetrating snake species is rather harmless. The circumstances of dry bites and their clinical diagnosis are not well-explored in the literature, which may lead to ambiguity amongst treating personnel about whether antivenom is indicated or not. Here, the epidemiology and recorded history of dry bites are reviewed, and the clinical knowledge on the dry bite phenomenon is presented and discussed. Finally, this review proposes a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol to assist medical care after snake dry bites, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela B. Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista 69310-000, Roraima, Brazil;
| | - Cecilie Knudsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.H.L.)
- Bioporto Diagnostics A/S, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Isadora S. Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.S.O.); (F.A.C.)
| | - Charlotte Rimbault
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.H.L.)
| | - Felipe A. Cerni
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (I.S.O.); (F.A.C.)
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69065-001, Amazonas, Brazil;
- Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus 69065-130, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Sartim
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil;
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.K.); (C.R.); (A.H.L.)
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69065-001, Amazonas, Brazil;
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil;
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12
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Choraria A, Somasundaram R, Gautam M, Ramanathan M, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Michael A. Experimental antivenoms from chickens and rabbits and their comparison with commercially available equine antivenom against the venoms of Daboia russelii and Echis carinatus snakes. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1756858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Choraria
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Mrinmoy Gautam
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Muthiah Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K. Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Michael
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
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Dhiman A, Anand A, Malhotra A, Khan E, Santra V, Kumar A, Sharma TK. Rational truncation of aptamer for cross-species application to detect krait envenomation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17795. [PMID: 30542057 PMCID: PMC6290766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In majority of snakebite cases, the snake responsible for the bite remains unidentified. The traditional snakebite diagnostics method relies upon clinical symptoms and blood coagulation assays that do not provide accurate diagnosis which is important for epidemiological as well as diagnostics point of view. On the other hand, high batch-to-batch variations in antibody performance limit its application for diagnostic assays. In recent years, nucleic acid aptamers have emerged as a strong chemical rival of antibodies due to several obvious advantages, including but not limited to in vitro generation, synthetic nature, ease of functionalization, high stability and adaptability to various diagnostic formats. In the current study, we have rationally truncated an aptamer developed for α-Toxin of Bungarus multicinctus and demonstrated its utility for the detection of venom of Bungarus caeruleus. The truncated aptamer α-Tox-T2 (26mer) is found to have greater affinity than its 40-mer parent counterpart α-Tox-FL. The truncated aptamers are characterized and compared with parent aptamer for their binding, selectivity, affinity, alteration in secondary structure and limit of detection. Altogether, our findings establish the cross-species application of a DNA aptamer generated for α-Toxin of Bungarus multicinctus (a snake found in Taiwan and China) for the reliable detection of venom of Bungarus caeruleus (a snake found in the Indian subcontinent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University (UTU), Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Centre for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Eshan Khan
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Vishal Santra
- Simultala Conservationists (Foundation for Wildlife), Nalikul, Hooghly, 712407, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
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Saganuwan SA. Determination of median effective dose (ED 50) of scorpion antivenom against scorpion envenomation using a newly developed formula. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:228-234. [PMID: 30891569 PMCID: PMC6388075 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 50 species of scorpions cause fatal scorpionism worldwide. Most of these are members of the Buthidae family, and include, among others, Mesobuthus eupeus, Androctonus crassicauda, Leiurus abdullahbayrami, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Tityus pachyurus and Androctonus australis. Because high doses of scorpion venom and antivenom can cause death and hypersensitive reactions, there is a need to develop a formula that can be used to calculate both lethal and effective doses for scorpion venom and antivenom, respectively, thereby obviating the need for laboratory experiments. METHODS In view of this, a literature search was carried out with the aim of modifying the formula (LD 50 = ED 50 3 × W a × 10 - 4 ) for calculation of the median lethal dose (LD50) of scorpion venom and the ED50 of antivenom. The human equivalent dose (HED) formula was assessed for extrapolation of LD50 and ED50 from animals to human for comparison and relevance with the new formula. RESULTS The findings showed that the newly developed formula (LD50 = ED50 1/3 × W a × 10-4) yielded results that are very close to the reported values. Therefore, the newly developed and HED formulas can be used for calculation of LD50 and ED50 values for scorpion venom and antivenom, respectively. CONCLUSION The new formula yielded better results than the HED formula, confirming its predictive validity, precision, and reliability, thereby obviating the need for rigorous experiments and justifying the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement (3Rs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and BiochemistryCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of AgricultureMakurdiBenue StateNigeria
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Teja GKVVNSKA, More N, Kapusetti G. Advanced Biosensor-based Strategy for Specific and Rapid Detection of Snake Venom for Better Treatment. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:61-67. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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