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Madhubala D, Patra A, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases: The road ahead. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38600725 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are among the most common causes of death across the globe. NDs are characterized by progressive damage to CNS neurons, leading to defects in specific brain functions such as memory, cognition, and movement. The most common NDs are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite extensive research, no therapeutics or medications against NDs have been proven to be effective. The current treatment of NDs involving symptom-based targeting of the disease pathogenesis has certain limitations, such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, poor blood-brain barrier permeability, and poor bioavailability of drugs. Some studies have shown that plant-derived natural compounds hold tremendous promise for treating and preventing NDs. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to critically analyze the properties and potency of some of the most studied phytomedicines, such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), apigenin, and cannabinoids, and highlight their advantages and limitations for developing next-generation alternative treatments against NDs. Further extensive research on pre-clinical and clinical studies for developing plant-based drugs against NDs from bench to bedside is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Patra A, Bala A, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. A Correlation Study to Comprehend the SAR-COV-2 Viral Load, Antiviral Antibody Titer, and Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms Post-infection Amongst the Vaccinated Population in Kamrup District of Assam, Northeast India. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:EMIDDT-EPUB-137343. [PMID: 38231052 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303281124231213110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As per the recommendation of the United States Food and Drug Administration, more research is needed to determine the antibody titer against COVID-19 vaccination. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to understand the relationship between the antibody titer to the demographics, infection severity, and cycle threshold (CT) values of confirmed COVID-19 patients. METHODS Initially, we obtained consent from 185 populations and included sixty RT-PCRpositive COVID-19 patients from Kamrup District in the Northeast State of Assam, India. The vaccination status was recorded and tested for the level of serum immunoglobulin (IgG). The CT values, gender, and clinical symptoms-based scoring (CSBS) correlated with their IgG value. RESULTS Around 48% of participants gained an antibody titer more than the threshold value and showed CT values between 18-25. Moreover, the maximum distributed score above the average was found between the CT values 18-25. CONCLUSION The IgG titer value differs significantly amongst the vaccinated population, which may depend upon their genetic and demographic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
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Sheth ABN, Patra A, Mahajan D. Anatomical variations and developmental insights of tendons in the first extensor compartment of the hand: Cadaveric study with surgical implications. Clin Ter 2024; 175:26-33. [PMID: 38358474 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2024.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Anatomical variations in first extensor compartment play a role in the development of de Quervain's disease. This study delves into the detailed examination of these anatomical variations. Methods 50 upper limbs (28 male and 22 female) from 25 for-malin-embalmed adult human cadavers were dissected to investigate variations in tendons of first extensor compartment. Results Accessory tendons to main tendon of abductor pollicis longus (APL) were reported in 49 (98%) cases, with 34% having two accessory tendons, 52% having three, and 12% having four. Terminal ends of these accessory tendons were generally consistent, except in one case where it split into two tendinous bands at insertion site, which was most commonly at base of first metacarpal. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) was found as a single tendon in 48 cases, with one case each of duplication and absence. In 19 cases (38%), muscle belly of EPB was fused with that of APL to some extent and it typically inserted at base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Average length of muscle belly, tendon, and muscle tendon ratio (MTR) of APL was 15.99±0.62 cm, 5.91±0.76 cm and 2.71 and of EPB was 6.39±0.29 cm, 9.15±0.74 cm and 0.70 respectively. Conclusion APL variations range from accessory tendons, splitting of tendons to various insertion points. Additionally, length and insertions points of these accessory tendons are key factors in deciding their usability as graft sources for tendon reconstruction and in surgical treatments of conditions like de Quervain's tenosynovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B N Sheth
- Dr HSJ Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda India
| | - D Mahajan
- Dr HSJ Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh
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Patra A, Asghar A, Pushpa NB, Ravi KS. A Closer Look at Anatomy Educator Safety: Identifying and Preventing Workplace Hazards: A narrative review. Clin Ter 2023; 174:436-443. [PMID: 37674454 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Anatomy, one of medicine's vital subjects, demands extreme visualization to understand the intricate architecture of the human body. Although various other methods of virtual dissections are in place, an increasing number of anatomists, clinicians, and surgeons are advocating for re-enhancing anatomical education through traditional cadaveric dissection. These traditional pedagogies potentially expose anatomy educators to various risks in the dissection laboratory, which endangers their health and well-being. Unfortunately, no one is counting on them or the hazards they face. It's like saying, "Fall ill at your own peril." Various studies have revealed the occupational hazards anatomists are exposed to, but the issue remains unheard of or relatively heard. Hence, this narrative review aims to highlight numerous occupational risks that anatomists face worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped or developing nations. Simultaneously, the authors strongly advocate that competent authorities review and evaluate the working conditions of anatomy laboratories and frame policies that ensure the rights and optimal health of anatomy educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - N B Pushpa
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India
| | - K S Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
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Baruah P, Patra A, Barge S, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Edible Mushrooms to Attenuate SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Some Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:897. [PMID: 37755005 PMCID: PMC10532592 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly infectious positive RNA virus, has spread from its epicenter to other countries with increased mortality and morbidity. Its expansion has hampered humankind's social, economic, and health realms to a large extent. Globally, investigations are underway to understand the complex pathophysiology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) induced by SARS-CoV-2. Though numerous therapeutic strategies have been introduced to combat COVID-19, none are fully proven or comprehensive, as several key issues and challenges remain unresolved. At present, natural products have gained significant momentum in treating metabolic disorders. Mushrooms have often proved to be the precursor of various therapeutic molecules or drug prototypes. The plentiful bioactive macromolecules in edible mushrooms, like polysaccharides, proteins, and other secondary metabolites (such as flavonoids, polyphenols, etc.), have been used to treat multiple diseases, including viral infections, by traditional healers and the medical fraternity. Some edible mushrooms with a high proportion of therapeutic molecules are known as medicinal mushrooms. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the exploration of bioactive molecules in mushrooms to combat the various pathophysiological complications of COVID-19. This review presents an in-depth and critical analysis of the current therapies against COVID-19 versus the potential of natural anti-infective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic products derived from a wide range of easily sourced mushrooms and their bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paran Baruah
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
- Faculty of Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Sagar Barge
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
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Das B, Madhubala D, Mahanta S, Patra A, Puzari U, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. A Novel Therapeutic Formulation for the Improved Treatment of Indian Red Scorpion ( Mesobuthus tamulus) Venom-Induced Toxicity-Tested in Caenorhabditis elegans and Rodent Models. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:504. [PMID: 37624261 PMCID: PMC10467153 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Indian Red Scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) stings are a neglected public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, including India. The drawbacks of conventional therapies using commercial anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA) and α1-adrenoreceptor antagonists (AAA) have prompted us to search for an adequate formulation to improve treatment against M. tamulus stings. Novel therapeutic drug formulations (TDF) of low doses of commercial ASA, AAA, and ascorbic acid have remarkably improved in neutralising the in vivo toxic effects of M. tamulus venom (MTV) tested in Caenorhabditis elegans and Wistar strain albino rats in vivo models. The neutralisation of MTV-induced production of free radicals, alteration of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and upregulated expression of genes involved in apoptosis, detoxification, and stress response in C. elegans by TDF surpassed the same effect shown by individual components of the TDF. Further, TDF efficiently neutralized the MTV-induced increase in blood glucose level within 30 to 60 min post-treatment, organ tissue damage, necrosis, and pulmonary oedema in Wistar rats, indicating its clinical application for effecting treating M. tamulus envenomation. This study demonstrates for the first time that C. elegans can be a model organism for screening the neutralization potency of the drug molecules against a neurotoxic scorpion venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabana Das
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; (B.D.); (D.M.); (U.P.)
| | - Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; (B.D.); (D.M.); (U.P.)
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.P.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati 781008, Assam, India;
| | - Aparup Patra
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.P.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Upasana Puzari
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; (B.D.); (D.M.); (U.P.)
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.P.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; (B.D.); (D.M.); (U.P.)
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.P.); (M.R.K.)
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Kakati H, Giri S, Patra A, Taye SJ, Agarwalla D, Boruah H, Choudhary G, Kalita B, K Mukherjee A. A retrospective analysis of epidemiology, clinical features of envenomation, and in-patient management of snakebites in a model secondary hospital of Assam, North-east India. Toxicon 2023; 230:107175. [PMID: 37257518 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Assam, a Northeastern State of India, is inhabited by several venomous snake species causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The data on the epidemiology of snakebites and their management is underreported in this region. Hence, a secondary health-based retrospective study was carried out at Demow Model Hospital, Sivasagar, Assam, to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of snakebite cases reported in this rural hospital and their management. Snakebites occurring between April 2018 to August 2022 were reviewed based on socio-demographic details of the patient, clinical symptoms, and treatment using a standard questionnaire. Out of the 1011 registered snakebite cases, 139 patients (13.7%) counted for venomous bites, among which 92 patients (66.19%) accounted for viper bites (green pit viper and Salazar's pit viper), and 30 patients (21.5%) were bitten by elapid snakes (Indian monocled Cobra, banded krait, and greater/lesser black krait). A maximum number of snakebite cases (80.5%) were reported from the interior rural villages and documented from July to September (51.3%). Elapid snake envenomed patients, except one, were successfully treated with commercial antivenom, neostigmine, and glycopyrrolate. Because commercial polyvalent antivenom against "Big Four" venomous snakes of India showed poor neutralization of pit-vipers envenomation; therefore, pit-viper bite patients were treated with repurposed drugs magnesium sulfate and glycerin compression dressing. Adverse serum reactions were reported only in 3 (11.1%) cases. The preventive measures and facilities adopted at the Demow Model Hospital significantly reduce snakebite death and morbidity; therefore, they can be s practised across various states in India as a prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirakjyoti Kakati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Giri
- Demow Government Community Health Centre, Raichai, Konwar Dihingia Gaon, Sivasagar, Assam, India.
| | - Aparup Patra
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Simanta J Taye
- Demow Government Community Health Centre, Raichai, Konwar Dihingia Gaon, Sivasagar, Assam, India
| | - Deepak Agarwalla
- Demow Government Community Health Centre, Raichai, Konwar Dihingia Gaon, Sivasagar, Assam, India
| | - Hridoy Boruah
- Demow Government Community Health Centre, Raichai, Konwar Dihingia Gaon, Sivasagar, Assam, India
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Demow Government Community Health Centre, Raichai, Konwar Dihingia Gaon, Sivasagar, Assam, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Puzari U, Goswami M, Rani K, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Computational and in vitro analyses to identify the anticoagulant regions of Echicetin, a snake venom anticoagulant C-type lectin (snaclec): possibility to develop anticoagulant peptide therapeutics? J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15569-15583. [PMID: 36994880 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom C-type lectins (Snaclecs) display anticoagulant and platelet-modulating activities; however, their interaction with the critical components of blood coagulation factors was unknown. Computational analysis revealed that Echicetin (Snaclec from Echis carinatus venom) interacted with heavy chain of thrombin, and heavy and light chains of factor Xa (FXa). Based on FXa and thrombin binding regions of Echicetin, the two synthetic peptides (1A and 1B) were designed. The in silico binding studies of the peptides with thrombin and FXa showed that peptide 1B interacted with both heavy and light chains of thrombin and, peptide 1A interacted with only heavy chain of thrombin. Similarly, peptide 1B interacted with both heavy and light chains of FXa; however, peptide 1A interacted only with heavy chain of FXa. Alanine screening predicted the hot-spots residues for peptide 1A (Aspartic acid6, Valine8, Valine9, and Tyrosine17 with FXa, and Isoleucine14, Lysine15 with thrombin) and peptide 1B (Valine16 with FXa). Spectrofluorometric interaction study showed a lower Kd value for peptide 1B binding with both FXa and thrombin than peptide 1A, indicating higher binding strength of the former peptide. The circular dichroism spectroscopy also established the interaction between thrombin and the custom peptides. The in vitro study demonstrated higher anticoagulant activity of peptide 1B than peptide 1A due to higher inhibition of thrombin and FXa. Inhibition of anticoagulant activity of the peptides by respective anti-peptide antibodies corroborates our hypothesis that peptides 1A and 1B represent the anticoagulant regions of Echicetin and may be developed as antithrombotic peptide drug prototypes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Puzari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Mahasweta Goswami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Komal Rani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Madhubala D, Patra A, Islam T, Saikia K, Khan MR, Ahmed SA, Borah JC, Mukherjee AK. Snake venom nerve growth factor-inspired designing of novel peptide therapeutics for the prevention of paraquat-induced apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and alteration of metabolic pathway genes in the rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 197:23-45. [PMID: 36669545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND), associated with the progressive loss of neurons, oxidative stress-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction, can be treated with synthetic peptides possessing innate neurotrophic effects and neuroprotective activity. Computational analysis of two small synthetic peptides (trideca-neuropeptide, TNP; heptadeca-neuropeptide, HNP) developed from the nerve growth factors from snake venoms predicted their significant interaction with the human TrkA receptor (TrkA). In silico results were validated by an in vitro binding study of the FITC-conjugated custom peptides to rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell TrkA receptors. Pre-treatment of PC-12 cells with TNP and HNP induced neuritogenesis and significantly reduced the paraquat (PT)-induced cellular toxicity, the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cell cytoplasm, production of intracellular ROS, restored the level of antioxidants, prevented alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and inhibited cellular apoptosis. These peptides lack in vitro cytotoxicity, haemolytic activity, and platelet-modulating properties and do not interfere with the blood coagulation system. Functional proteomic analyses demonstrated the reversal of PT-induced upregulated and downregulated metabolic pathway genes in PC-12 cells that were pre-treated with HNP and revealed the metabolic pathways regulated by HNP to induce neuritogenesis and confer protection against PT-induced neuronal damage in PC-12. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the PT-induced increased and decreased expression of critical pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes had been restored in the PC-12 cells pre-treated with the custom peptides. A network gene expression profile was proposed to elucidate the molecular interactions among the regulatory proteins for HNP to salvage the PT-induced damage. Taken together, our results show how the peptides can rescue PT-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular death and suggest new opportunities for developing neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Taufikul Islam
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. Reply to: Do virtual dissection tables add benefit to cadaver-based anatomy education? An evaluation. Morphologie 2023; 107:158-159. [PMID: 35643742 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India.
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. Cadaveric dissection in Anatomical science education: Then and now. Morphologie 2022; 107:167-168. [PMID: 36566107 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Tiwari V, Ali FB, Patra A, Dhiman A, Sharma SK. The conundrum of olecranon aperture and its relation to the distal end of the humerus in a modern Indian population: An anatomical and surgical perspective. Morphologie 2022; 107:199-206. [PMID: 36127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the morphology of the olecranon aperture (OA) of the humerus with its relationship to the distal end of the humerus (epicondylar width) and the width of the medullary canal. METHODS In total, 156 dry adult humeri were examined for the presence of OA. When present, we reported their shape, measured transverse (TD) and vertical diameter (VD), the distance from its medial border to the tip of medial epicondyle (D1), lateral border to the tip of lateral epicondyle (D2) and lower border to the tip of trochlea (D3). The epicondylar width (EW) and the width of the medullary canal were also measured in all the humeri. RESULTS OA was reported in 32 humeri (20.6%) with left side predominance, translucent septum in 35.8%, and opaque septum in 43.6%. The most typical shape noted was oval. On right side, mean VD and TD was 4.30±0.54mm and 5.85±0.45mm, respectively, whereas on left, these value were 4.21±0.56mm and 5.64±0.43mm, respectively. The mean of D1, D2 and D3 was 25.86±0.43mm, 26.50±0.28mm and 15.07±0.53mm on right and 24.80±0.41mm, 26.84±0.21mm and 15.81±0.31mm on left with significant difference (P<0.05). The medullary canal was significantly smaller in humeri with OA. CONCLUSION Topographic location of OA may have possible role in determining safe zone for retrograde nailing in supracondylar humeral fractures. Since OA has a direct relation to the size of the intramedullary canal, it is crucial during preoperative planning and choosing an adequate surgical approach involving lower segment of humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tiwari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - F B Ali
- Government Medical College Ratlam, Ratlam, India
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - A Dhiman
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
| | - S K Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
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13
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Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Mushroom mycetism – A neglected and challenging medical emergency in the Indian subcontinent: A road map for its prevention and treatment. Toxicon 2022; 217:56-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kakati H, Patra A, Kalita B, Chanda A, Rapole S, Mukherjee AK. A comparison of two different analytical workflows to determine the venom proteome composition of Naja kaouthia from North-East India and immunological profiling of venom against commercial antivenoms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:275-287. [PMID: 35331793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Indian monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is one of the most prevalent venomous snakes in northeast India (NEI) and is the cause of many fatalities. The composition of NEI N. kaouthia venom (NkV) was deciphered using two different proteomic approaches: (i) 1D SDS-PAGE coupled to label-free quantification of protein bands using stringent identification criteria and (ii) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by quantification based on area under the RP-HPLC peaks. The proteomic data from both strategies were compared. Proteomic analyses from both workflows identified 32 proteins (toxins) distributed over 10-14 snake venom protein families in NEI NkV. The relative abundances of the venom proteins determined from the analytical workflows coincided with the densitometry band intensities of the NEI NkV. Phospholipase A2 (13.1-16.0%) and three-finger toxins (58.5-64.2%) represented the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins in NEI NkV, respectively. Immuno-cross-reactivity studies by enzyme-linked immunoassay and immunoblot analyses pointed to the poor efficacy of commercial PAVs in recognizing the low molecular mass (<15 kDa) toxins of NEI NkV. Spectrofluorometric titration determined the presence of NEI NkV-specific antibodies in commercial PAV, at a level that was higher than that previously reported for eastern India NkV-specific antibodies in commercial antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirakjyoti Kakati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India; Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Chanda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India.
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Patra A, Asghar A, Ravi KS, Duparc F, Arora S. The morphological and morphometric analysis of the variant patterns of the tricipital aponeurosis: a new anatomical classification with possible clinical implications. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:1022-1030. [PMID: 34590297 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricipital aponeurosis (TA) has gained attraction as a constant and reliable landmark to identify the location of radial nerve in the setting of fracture distal humeri. The aponeurosis itself shows variant anatomical patterns. In this study, we intend to provide a comprehensive description and functional classification of observed anatomical variations with possible clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty arms belonging to 30 adult cadavers were studied. TA was examined grossly to document variations in its shape and classified accordingly. Subsequently, length and breadth of TA were measured. The distance of the radial nerve (RN) from the point of confluence and from the lateral border of TA was also measured (tricepso-radial distance [TRD]). These distances were correlated with the different patterns of TA obtained. RESULTS Based on the shape of the proximal apex of TA or point of confluence and frequency of their occurrence, we propose a new classification of 4 patterns for the TA anatomy. Pattern I: classically seen as the triangular proximal apex (76.67%); pattern II: tongue shaped or blunt proximal apex (18.33%); pattern III: bifurcated or dual proximal apex (3.33%); pattern IV: as the absence of TA (1.67%). The mean of length and breadth of TA was 16.58 ± 2.05 cm and 3.61 ± 0.61 cm, respectively. The mean distance of RN from point of confluence and lateral border of TA was 3.57 ± 0.19 cm and 2.04 ± 0.56 cm, respectively. The length, breadth of TA and TRD differs amongst the different patterns of TA. CONCLUSIONS Anatomical variations in the shape and size of TA are frequently encountered. The proposed, hitherto undescribed, classification may make operating surgeon aware of these morphological variations and help prevent iatrogenic injury to RN. Such classification is simple and unique; however, its success relies upon universal acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Bathinda, India.,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | | | - S Arora
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Anatomy, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
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Patra A, Kalita B, Khadilkar MV, Salvi NC, Shelke PV, Mukherjee AK. Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18238. [PMID: 34521877 PMCID: PMC8440654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake envenomation is a severe problem in Sri Lanka (SL) and Indian polyvalent antivenom (PAV) is mostly used for treating snakebite albeit due to geographical variation in venom composition, Indian PAV shows poor efficacy in neutralizing the lethality and toxicity of venom from the same species of snakes in SL. Therefore, the quality and in vivo venom neutralization potency of a country-specific PAV produced against the venom of the five most medically important snakes of SL (Daboia russelii, Echis carinatus, Hypnale hypnale, Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus) was assessed. LC-MS/MS analysis of two batches of PAV showed the presence of 88.7-97.2% IgG and traces of other plasma proteins. The tested PAVs contained minor amounts of undigested IgG and F(ab')2 aggregates, showed complement activation, were devoid of IgE, endotoxin, and content of preservative was below the threshold level. Immunological cross-reactivity and in vitro neutralization of enzymatic activities, pharmacological properties demonstrated superior efficacy of SL PAV compared to Indian PAV against SL snake venoms. The in vivo neutralization study showed that the tested PAVs are potent to neutralize the lethality and venom-induced toxicity of SL snake venoms. Therefore, our study suggests that introduction of SL-specific PAV will improve snakebite management in SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Milind V Khadilkar
- Premium Serums and Vaccines Pvt. Ltd, Narayangaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410504, India
| | - Nitin C Salvi
- Premium Serums and Vaccines Pvt. Ltd, Narayangaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410504, India
| | - Pravin V Shelke
- Premium Serums and Vaccines Pvt. Ltd, Narayangaon, Pune, Maharashtra, 410504, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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Shaw S, Patra A, Misra A, Nayak MK, Chamkha AJ. A Numerical Approach to the Modeling of Thomson and Troian Slip on Nonlinear Radiative Microrotation of Casson Carreau Nanomaterials in Magnetohydrodynamics. j nanofluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2021.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current work is to explore the influence of Thompson and Troian slip on the hydromagnetic microrotations of Carreau nanomaterials over a linearly stretched surface subject to NLTR, viscous dissipation, Newtonian heating, homogenous and heterogeneous reactions. Effect
of non linear slip (Thompson and Troian slip) on non Newtonian nanofluid (Carreau nanofluid) subject to microrotation is the novelty of the investigation. Shooting technique is the instrumental to get appropriate numerical solution. The significant outcomes of the current study are that Casson
parameter and Weissenberg number exhibit opposite results for velocity and heat transfer rate due to flow of micropolar Carreau nanofluid. Further, more and more Thompson and Troian slip yields diminution of flow velocity as well as microrotations. Amplifying Casson parameter intensifies the
HTR from the stretched surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shaw
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - A. Patra
- Department of Mathematics, Govt. Autonomous College, Rourkela, Odisha 769004, India
| | - A. Misra
- Department of Mathematics, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati 761211, Odisha, India
| | - M. K. Nayak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FET, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
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Patra A, Herrera M, Gutiérrez JM, Mukherjee AK. The application of laboratory-based analytical tools and techniques for the quality assessment and improvement of commercial antivenoms used in the treatment of snakebite envenomation. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:1471-1489. [PMID: 34089574 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is a public health problem of high impact, particularly for the developing world. Antivenom, which contains whole or protease-digested immunoglobulin G, purified from the plasma of hyper-immunized animals (mainly horses), is the mainstay for the treatment of snakebite envenomation. The success of antivenom therapy depends upon its ability to abrogate or reduce the local and systemic toxicity of envenomation. In addition, antivenom administration must be safe for the patients. Therefore, antivenom manufacturers must ensure that these products are effective and safe in the treatment of envenomations. Antivenom efficacy and safety are determined by the physicochemical characteristics of formulations, purity of the immunoglobulin fragments and antibodies, presence of protein aggregates, endotoxin burden, preservative load, and batch to batch variation, as well as on the ability to neutralize the most important toxins of the venoms against which the antivenom is designed. In this context, recent studies have shown that laboratory-based simple analytical techniques, for example, size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, immunological profiling including immuno-turbidimetry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blotting, immune-chromatographic technique coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, spectrofluorometric analysis, in vitro neutralization of venom enzymatic activities, and other methodologies, can be applied for the assessment of antivenom quality, safety, stability, and efficacy. This article reviews the usefulness of different analytical techniques for the quality assessment of commercial antivenoms. It is suggested that these tests should be applied for screening the quality of commercial antivenoms before their preclinical and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - María Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India.,Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, India
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Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Assessment of snakebite burdens, clinical features of envenomation, and strategies to improve snakebite management in Vietnam. Acta Trop 2021; 216:105833. [PMID: 33485869 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sheer paucity of scientific documentation of herpetofauna in Vietnam and the rudimentary healthcare response to snakebite have stimulated this review. Over six decades of data culled from public data bases and search engines, have been used to assess snakebite burdens, clinical features of envenomation, and strategies for snakebite management in Vietnam. In addition, biochemical and proteomic analyses to decipher venom composition, rapid analytical techniques to be used for clinical diagnosis of snakebite in Vietnam have been discussed in detail. The assessment of efficacy, safety, and quality of commercial antivenom produced in Vietnam and improvement of antivenom production to meet the national requirement has been critically examined. It is apparent that snake bite incidence in Vietnam is exacerbated by mismatch in demand and supply of antivenom therapy, insufficient medical facilities, preference for traditional healers and poor management of clinical records. The impediments arising from geographical and species-specific variation in venom composition can be overcome by the 'Omics approach', and scientific documentation of pathophysiological manifestations post envenomation. The development of next generation of therapeutics, encouraging clinical research, novel approaches and social awareness against snakebite and its treatments have been suggested to significantly reduce the snakebite mortality and morbidity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India.
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Patra A, Banerjee D, Dasgupta S, Mukherjee AK. The in vitro laboratory tests and mass spectrometry-assisted quality assessment of commercial polyvalent antivenom raised against the ‘Big Four’ venomous snakes of India. Toxicon 2021; 192:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Humphreys D, Kupresanin A, Boyer MD, Canik J, Chang CS, Cyr EC, Granetz R, Hittinger J, Kolemen E, Lawrence E, Pascucci V, Patra A, Schissel D. Advancing Fusion with Machine Learning Research Needs Workshop Report. J Fusion Energ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-020-00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMachine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) methods have been used successfully in recent years to solve problems in many areas, including image recognition, unsupervised and supervised classification, game-playing, system identification and prediction, and autonomous vehicle control. Data-driven machine learning methods have also been applied to fusion energy research for over 2 decades, including significant advances in the areas of disruption prediction, surrogate model generation, and experimental planning. The advent of powerful and dedicated computers specialized for large-scale parallel computation, as well as advances in statistical inference algorithms, have greatly enhanced the capabilities of these computational approaches to extract scientific knowledge and bridge gaps between theoretical models and practical implementations. Large-scale commercial success of various ML/AI applications in recent years, including robotics, industrial processes, online image recognition, financial system prediction, and autonomous vehicles, have further demonstrated the potential for data-driven methods to produce dramatic transformations in many fields. These advances, along with the urgency of need to bridge key gaps in knowledge for design and operation of reactors such as ITER, have driven planned expansion of efforts in ML/AI within the US government and around the world. The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science programs in Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) and Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) have organized several activities to identify best strategies and approaches for applying ML/AI methods to fusion energy research. This paper describes the results of a joint FES/ASCR DOE-sponsored Research Needs Workshop on Advancing Fusion with Machine Learning, held April 30–May 2, 2019, in Gaithersburg, MD (full report available at https://science.osti.gov/-/media/fes/pdf/workshop-reports/FES_ASCR_Machine_Learning_Report.pdf). The workshop drew on broad representation from both FES and ASCR scientific communities, and identified seven Priority Research Opportunities (PRO’s) with high potential for advancing fusion energy. In addition to the PRO topics themselves, the workshop identified research guidelines to maximize the effectiveness of ML/AI methods in fusion energy science, which include focusing on uncertainty quantification, methods for quantifying regions of validity of models and algorithms, and applying highly integrated teams of ML/AI mathematicians, computer scientists, and fusion energy scientists with domain expertise in the relevant areas.
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Patra A, Baheti AD, Ankathi SK, Desouza A, Engineer R, Ostwal V, Ramaswamy A, Saklani A. Can Post-Treatment MRI Features Predict Pathological Circumferential Resection Margin (pCRM) Involvement in Low Rectal Tumors. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:720-725. [PMID: 33281411 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MERCURY II study demonstrated the use of MRI-based risk factors such as extramural venous invasion (EMVI), tumor location, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement to preoperatively predict pCRM (pathological CRM) outcomes for lower rectal tumors in a mixed group of upfront operated patients and patients who received neoadjuvant treatment. We aim to study the applicability of results of MERCURY II study in a homogeneous cohort of patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACTRT) prior to surgery. After Institutional Review Board approval, post NACTRT restaging MRI of 132 patients operated for low rectal cancer between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists for site of tumor, EMVI status, distance from anal verge (< 4 or > 4 cm), and mrCRM positivity. Findings were compared with post surgery pCRM outcomes using Fisher's exact test. Only 9/132(7%) patients showed pCRM involvement on histopathology, 8 of them being CRM positive on MRI (p = 0.01). The positive predictive value (PPV) of mrCRM positive status and pCRM status was 12.7% (95% CI: 9.7-16.5%), while the negative predictive value was 98.5% (95% CI: 91.4-99.8%) (p = 0.01). EMVI positive and anteriorly located tumors showed higher incidence of pCRM positivity but were not found to be significant (15% vs 5.2% and p = 0.13 and 8.6% vs 2.1% and p = 0.28, respectively). Unsafe mrCRM was the only factor significantly associated with pCRM positivity on post neoadjuvant restaging MRI. Tumors less than 4 cm from anal verge, anterior tumor location, and mrEMVI positivity did not show statistically significant results to predict pCRM involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A D Baheti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - S K Ankathi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A Desouza
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - R Engineer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Ostwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Saklani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Proteomic Analysis of Sri Lanka Echis carinatus Venom: Immunological Cross-Reactivity and Enzyme Neutralization Potency of Indian Polyantivenom. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3022-3032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
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Das B, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Correlation of Venom Toxinome Composition of Indian Red Scorpion ( Mesobuthus tamulus) with Clinical Manifestations of Scorpion Stings: Failure of Commercial Antivenom to Immune-Recognize the Abundance of Low Molecular Mass Toxins of This Venom. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1847-1856. [PMID: 32125869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus), with its life-threatening sting, is the world's most dangerous species of scorpion. The toxinome composition of M. tamulus venom was determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of venom protein bands separated by SDS-PAGE. A total of 110 venom toxins were identified from searching the MS data against the Buthidae family (taxid: 6855) of toxin entries in nonredundant protein databases. The Na+ and K+ ion channel toxins taken together are the most abundant toxins (76.7%) giving rise to the neurotoxic nature of this venom. The other minor toxin classes in the M. tamulus venom proteome are serine protease-like protein (2.9%), serine protease inhibitor (2.2%), antimicrobial peptide (2.3%), hyaluronidase (2.2%), makatoxin (2.1%), lipolysis potentiating peptides (1.2%), neurotoxin affecting Cl- channel (1%), parabutoporin (0.6%), Ca2+ channel toxins (0.8%), bradykinin potentiating peptides (0.2%), HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (0.1%), and other toxins with unknown pharmacological activity (7.7%). Several of these toxins have been shown to be promising drug candidates. M. tamulus venom does not show enzymatic activity (phospholipase A2, l-amino acid oxidase, adenosine tri-, di-, and monophosphatase, hyaluronidase, metalloproteinase, and fibrinogenolytic), in vitro hemolytic activity, interference with blood coagulation, or platelet modulation properties. The clinical manifestations post M. tamulus sting have been described in the literature and are well correlated with its venom proteome composition. An abundance of low molecular mass toxins (3-15 kDa) are responsible for exerting the major pharmacological effects of M. tamulus venom, though they are poorly immune-recognized by commercial scorpion antivenom. This is a major concern for the development of effective antivenom therapy against scorpion stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabana Das
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
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Patra A, Chanda A, Mukherjee AK. Quantitative proteomic analysis of venom from Southern India common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and identification of poorly immunogenic toxins by immune-profiling against commercial antivenom. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:457-469. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1609945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
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Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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Chanda A, Kalita B, Patra A, Senevirathne WDST, Mukherjee AK. Proteomic analysis and antivenomics study of Western India Naja naja venom: correlation between venom composition and clinical manifestations of cobra bite in this region. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:171-184. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1559735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Wanigasingha. D. Sandani T. Senevirathne
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
- Deptartment of Rabies and Vaccine Quality Control, Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
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Chanda A, Patra A, Kalita B, Mukherjee AK. Proteomics analysis to compare the venom composition between Naja naja and Naja kaouthia from the same geographical location of eastern India: Correlation with pathophysiology of envenomation and immunological cross-reactivity towards commercial polyantivenom. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:949-961. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1538799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
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Kalita B, Singh S, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Quantitative proteomic analysis and antivenom study revealing that neurotoxic phospholipase A 2 enzymes, the major toxin class of Russell's viper venom from southern India, shows the least immuno-recognition and neutralization by commercial polyvalent antivenom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:375-385. [PMID: 29924981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The proteome composition of Russell's viper venom (RVV) from southern India (SI) was investigated by 1D-SDS-PAGE of venom followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis of protein bands. A total of 66 proteins belonging to 14 snake venom protein families were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis against Viperidae (taxid 8689) protein entries from the non-redundant NCBI database. Phospholipase A2 (43.25%) and snaclec (14.57%) represented the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, respectively. SI RVV was characterized as containing a higher quantity of PLA2 and a lower amount of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, in comparison to RVV from other regions of the Indian subcontinent. The enzymatic activities, pharmacological properties, and clinical manifestations of RV envenomation in SI were well correlated with its proteome composition; however, ATPase, ADPase, and hyaluronidase enzymes were not identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, owing to paucity of the existing database. Neurological symptoms exhibited by RV-bite patients in SI were correlated to the presence of abundant neurotoxic phospholipase A2 enzymes (15.66%) in SI RVV. Neutralization studies, immunological cross-reactivity, and antivenomics studies unequivocally demonstrated the poor recognition and lowest neutralization of PLA2 enzymes by commercial polyvalent antivenom, which is a major concern for the treatment of RV-envenomed patients in SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sudeepa Singh
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
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Patra A, Kalita B, Mukherjee AK. Assessment of quality, safety, and pre-clinical toxicity of an equine polyvalent anti-snake venom (Pan Africa): Determination of immunological cross-reactivity of antivenom against venom samples of Elapidae and Viperidae snakes of Africa. Toxicon 2018; 153:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kalita B, Patra A, Das A, Mukherjee AK. Proteomic Analysis and Immuno-Profiling of Eastern India Russell's Viper ( Daboia russelii) Venom: Correlation between RVV Composition and Clinical Manifestations Post RV Bite. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2819-2833. [PMID: 29938511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteomes of Russell's viper venom (RVV) from Burdwan (RVV B) and Nadia (RVV N), the two districts of West Bengal, eastern India (EI), were investigated by gel-filtration chromatography (GFC) followed by tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments of the fractions. A total of 73 and 69 proteins belonging to 15 snake venom protein families were identified in RVV B and RVV N, respectively, by MS/MS search against Viperidae (taxid 8689) protein entries of the nonredundant NCBI database. The minor differences in venom composition of both the EI RV were established unequivocally by their biochemical and pharmacological properties and by SDS-PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, and LC-MS/MS analyses. The composition of EI RVVs was well correlated with published reports on the pathophysiology of RV-envenomed patients from this part of the country. Venom-antivenom cross-reactivity determined by ELISA, Western blotting, and antivenomics approaches demonstrated poor recognition of low molecular mass (<20 kDa) RVV proteins by commercial polyvalent antivenoms, which was substantiated by neutralization of RVV enzymes by antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| | - Anjali Das
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
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Kalita B, Patra A, Jahan S, Mukherjee AK. First report of the characterization of a snake venom apyrase (Ruviapyrase) from Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:639-648. [PMID: 29325746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel apyrase from Russell's viper venom (RVV) was purified and characterized, and it was named Ruviapyrase (Russell's viper apyrase). It is a high molecular weight (79.4 kDa) monomeric glycoprotein that contains 2.4% neutral sugars and 58.4% N-linked oligosaccharides and strongly binds to Concanavalin A. The LC-MS/MS analysis did not identify any protein in NCBI protein database, nevertheless some de novo sequences of Ruviapyrase showed putative conserved domain of apyrase superfamily. Ruviapyrase hydrolysed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a significantly greater extent (p < .05) as compared to adenosine diphosphate (ADP); however, it was devoid of 5'-nucleotidase and phosphodiesterase activities. The Km and Vmax values for Ruviapyrase towards ATP were 2.54 μM and 615 μM of Pi released min-1, respectively with a turnover number (Kcat) of 24,600 min-1. Spectrofluorometric analysis demonstrated interaction of Ruviapyrase with ATP and ADP at Kd values of 0.92 nM and 1.25 nM, respectively. Ruviapyrase did not show cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and haemolytic activity, it exhibited marginal anticoagulant and strong antiplatelet activity, and dose-dependently reversed the ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The catalytic activity and platelet deaggregation property of Ruviapyrase was significantly inhibited by EDTA, DTT and IAA, and neutralized by commercial monovalent and polyvalent antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Shagufta Jahan
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
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Patra A, Kalita B, Chanda A, Mukherjee AK. Proteomics and antivenomics of Echis carinatus carinatus venom: Correlation with pharmacological properties and pathophysiology of envenomation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17119. [PMID: 29215036 PMCID: PMC5719401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteome composition of Echis carinatus carinatus venom (ECV) from India was studied for the first time by tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 90, 47, and 22 distinct enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins belonging to 15, 10, and 6 snake venom protein families were identified in ECV by searching the ESI-LC-MS/MS data against non-redundant protein databases of Viperidae (taxid 8689), Echis (taxid 8699) and Echis carinatus (taxid 40353), respectively. However, analysis of MS/MS data against the Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly sequences (87 entries) of conger E. coloratus identified only 14 proteins in ECV. Snake venom metalloproteases and snaclecs, the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, respectively in ECV account for defibrinogenation and the strong in vitro pro-coagulant activity. Further, glutaminyl cyclase, aspartic protease, aminopeptidase, phospholipase B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nerve growth factor were reported for the first time in ECV. The proteome composition of ECV was well correlated with its biochemical and pharmacological properties and clinical manifestations observed in Echis envenomed patients. Neutralization of enzymes and pharmacological properties of ECV, and immuno-cross-reactivity studies unequivocally point to the poor recognition of <20 kDa ECV proteins, such as PLA2, subunits of snaclec, and disintegrin by commercial polyvalent antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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Dykas MM, Poddar K, Yoong SL, Viswanathan V, Mathew S, Patra A, Saha S, Pastorin G, Venkatesan T. Enhancing image contrast of carbon nanotubes on cellular background using helium ion microscope by varying helium ion fluence. J Microsc 2017; 269:14-22. [PMID: 28703381 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become an important nano entity for biomedical applications. Conventional methods of their imaging, often cannot be applied in biological samples due to an inadequate spatial resolution or poor contrast between the CNTs and the biological sample. Here we report a unique and effective detection method, which uses differences in conductivities of carbon nanotubes and HeLa cells. The technique involves the use of a helium ion microscope to image the sample with the surface charging artefacts created by the He+ and neutralised by electron flood gun. This enables us to obtain a few nanometre resolution images of CNTs in HeLa Cells with high contrast, which was achieved by tailoring the He+ fluence. Charging artefacts can be efficiently removed for conductive CNTs by a low amount of electrons, the fluence of which is not adequate to discharge the cell surface, resulting in high image contrast. Thus, this technique enables rapid detection of any conducting nano structures on insulating cellular background even in large fields of view and fine spatial resolution. The technique demonstrated has wider applications for researchers seeking enhanced contrast and high-resolution imaging of any conducting entity in a biological matrix - a commonly encountered issue of importance in drug delivery, tissue engineering and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dykas
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Poddar
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S L Yoong
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Viswanathan
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Mathew
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Patra
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Saha
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Pastorin
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Venkatesan
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Patra A, Ray SS. On the Solution of the Nonlinear Fractional Neutron Point-Kinetics Equation with Newtonian Temperature Feedback Reactivity. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt13-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Patra
- National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Rourkela-769008, India
| | - S. Saha Ray
- National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Rourkela-769008, India
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Kalita B, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Unraveling the Proteome Composition and Immuno-profiling of Western India Russell's Viper Venom for In-Depth Understanding of Its Pharmacological Properties, Clinical Manifestations, and Effective Antivenom Treatment. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:583-598. [PMID: 27936776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteome composition of western India (WI) Russell's viper venom (RVV) was correlated with pharmacological properties and pathological manifestations of RV envenomation. Proteins in the 5-19 and 100-110 kDa mass ranges were the most predominate (∼35.1%) and least abundant (∼3.4%) components, respectively, of WI RVV. Non-reduced SDS-PAGE indicated the occurrence of multiple subunits, non-covalent oligomers, self-aggregation, and/or interactions among the RVV proteins. A total of 55 proteins belonging to 13 distinct snake venom families were unambiguously identified by ESI-LC-MS/MS analysis. Phospholipase A2 (32.5%) and Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors (12.5%) represented the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, respectively. However, ATPase, ADPase, and hyaluronidase, detected by enzyme assays, were not identified by proteomic analysis owing to limitations in protein database deposition. Several biochemical and pharmacological properties of WI RVV were also investigated. Neurological symptoms exhibited by some RV-bite patients in WI may be correlated to the presence of neurotoxic phospholipase A2 enzymes and Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor complex in this venom. Monovalent antivenom was found to be better than polyvalent antivenom in immuno-recognition and neutralization of the tested pharmacological properties and enzyme activities of WI RVV; nevertheless, both antivenoms demonstrated poor cross-reactivity and neutralization of pharmacological activities shown by low-molecular-mass proteins (<18 kDa) of this venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
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Ganguly S, Patra A, Chattopadhyay P, Datta S. New training strategies for neural networks with application to quaternary Al–Mg–Sc–Cr alloy design problems. Appl Soft Comput 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patra A, Klein-Hessling S, Knobeloch K, Andrau J, Ellenrieder V, Screpanti I, Serfling E. Altered NFATc1 activity blocks T cell development and facilitates the pathogenesis of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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O'Flaherty DK, Patra A, Su Y, Guengerich FP, Egli M, Wilds CJ. Lesion Orientation of O4-Alkylthymidine Influences Replication by Human DNA Polymerase η. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4896-4904. [PMID: 27574558 PMCID: PMC5001687 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation of the α-carbon of O4-alkylthymidine was shown to exert an influence on human DNA polymerase η (hPol η) bypass. Crystal structures of hPol η·DNA·dNTP ternary complexes reveal a unique conformation adopted by O4-methylthymidine, where the nucleobase resides nestled at the active site ceiling where hydrogen-bonding with the incoming nucleotide is prevented.
DNA lesions that elude repair may undergo translesion synthesis catalyzed by Y-family DNA polymerases. O4-Alkylthymidines, persistent adducts that can result from carcinogenic agents, may be encountered by DNA polymerases. The influence of lesion orientation around the C4–O4 bond on processing by human DNA polymerase η (hPol η) was studied for oligonucleotides containing O4-methylthymidine (O4MedT), O4-ethylthymidine (O4EtdT), and analogs restricting the O4-methylene group in an anti-orientation. Primer extension assays revealed that the O4-alkyl orientation influences hPol η bypass. Crystal structures of hPol η·DNA·dNTP ternary complexes with O4MedT or O4EtdT in the template strand showed the nucleobase of the former lodged near the ceiling of the active site, with the syn-O4-methyl group engaged in extensive hydrophobic interactions. This unique arrangement for O4-methylthymidine with hPol η, inaccessible for the other analogs due to steric/conformational restriction, is consistent with differences observed for nucleotide incorporation and supports the concept that lesion conformation influences extension across DNA damage. Together, these results provide mechanistic insights on the mutagenicity of O4MedT and O4EtdT when acted upon by hPol η.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K O'Flaherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B1R6, Canada
| | - A Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Y Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - F P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - M Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - C J Wilds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B1R6, Canada
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Patra A, Das S, Mishra SN, Senapati MR. An adaptive local linear optimized radial basis functional neural network model for financial time series prediction. Neural Comput Appl 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-015-2039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarkar TP, Gopinadhan K, Motapothula M, Saha S, Huang Z, Dhar S, Patra A, Lu WM, Telesio F, Pallecchi I, Ariando, Marré D, Venkatesan T. Unexpected observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in Ta alloyed anatase TiO2 thin films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13011. [PMID: 26265554 PMCID: PMC4533010 DOI: 10.1038/srep13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in anatase Ta0.06Ti0.94O2 thin films as a function of thickness (10–200 nm). The Kondo behavior observed in thicker films is suppressed on decreasing thickness and vanishes below ~25 nm. In 200 nm film, transport data could be fitted to a renormalization group theory for Kondo scattering though the carrier density in this system is lower by two orders of magnitude, the magnetic entity concentration is larger by a similar magnitude and there is strong electronic correlation compared to a conventional system such as Cu with magnetic impurities. However, ferromagnetism is observed at all thicknesses with magnetic moment per unit thickness decreasing beyond 10 nm film thickness. The simultaneous presence of Kondo and ferromagnetism is explained by the spatial variation of defects from the interface to surface which results in a dominantly ferromagnetic region closer to substrate-film interface while the Kondo scattering is dominant near the surface and decreasing towards the interface. This material system enables us to study the effect of neighboring presence of two competing magnetic phenomena and the possibility for tuning them.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sarkar
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - K Gopinadhan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - M Motapothula
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - S Saha
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Z Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - S Dhar
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - A Patra
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - W M Lu
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - F Telesio
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - I Pallecchi
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - Ariando
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - D Marré
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - T Venkatesan
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 [3] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
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Chaudhary D, Bhattacherjee A, Patra A. Analysis of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure of Drill Machine Operators in Open Pit Iron Ore Mines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
A major part of contemporary nanomaterials research is focused on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, constituted of extended lattices of atoms or ions. Molecular nanoparticles assembled from small molecules through non-covalent interactions are relatively less explored but equally fascinating materials. Their unique and versatile characteristics have attracted considerable attention in recent years, establishing their identity and status as a novel class of nanomaterials. Optical characteristics of molecular nanoparticles capture the essence of their nanoscale features and form the basis of a variety of applications. This review describes the advances made in the field of fabrication of molecular nanoparticles, the wide spectrum of their optical and nonlinear optical characteristics and explorations of the potential applications that exploit their unique optical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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Ingale S, Wagh P, Sastry P, Patra A, Tewari R, Singh I, Phapale S, Wasnik R, Rao A, Gupta S. Nanocrystalline Pentaerythritoltetranitrate using Sol-Gel Process. DEFENCE SCI J 2011. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.61.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Luffa echinata Roxb., commonly known as Bindal in Hindi is used for its hypoglycemic activity in the indigenous system of medicine. No pharmacognostical study on stem is reported in the literature till date; therefore, it was decided to study macroscopical and cytomorphological characters in detail to bring out salient diagnostic features. The stem pieces available in the market are 1.5–17 cm long and 5–8 mm in diameter, showing yellowish-brown to brownish-black surface with longitudinal furrows, fracture is fibrous, and taste is bitter. Mature stem shows single-layered epidermis, seven layers of collenchyma below five ridges but one to two layers of parenchyma in rest of the region beneath the epidermis, continuous wide wavy layer of pericycle composed of three to eight layers of fiber. There are five conjoint bi-collateral open vascular bundles one below each ridge and additional four medullary vascular bundles in the pith each facing furrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad - 244 001, UP, India
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Chandaluri CG, Patra A, Radhakrishnan TP. Polyelectrolyte-assisted formation of molecular nanoparticles exhibiting strongly enhanced fluorescence. Chemistry 2010; 16:8699-706. [PMID: 20575120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A polyelectrolyte-assisted reprecipitation method is developed to fabricate nanoparticles of highly soluble molecules. The approach is demonstrated by using a zwitterionic diaminodicyanoquinodimethane molecule bearing remote ammonium functionalities with high solubility in water as well as organic solvents. Nanoparticles are prepared by injecting aqueous solutions of this compound containing an optimum concentration of sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) into methanol. The strong fluorescence exhibited by the compound in the aggregated state is reflected in the enhanced fluorescence of the polyelectrolyte complex in water. The nanoparticles formed in the colloidal state manifest even stronger fluorescence, which leads to an overall enhancement by about 90 times relative to aqueous solutions of the pure compound. The conditions for achieving the emission enhancement are optimized and a model for the molecular-level interactions and aggregation effects is developed through a range of spectroscopy, microscopy, and calorimetry investigations and control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch G Chandaluri
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Acharyya S, Patra A, Bag PK. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants against Enteric Bacteria with Particular Reference to Multi-Drug Resistant Vibrio cholerae. TROP J PHARM RES 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v8i3.44538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Patra A, Jha S, Murthy PN, Vaibhav AD, Chattopadhyay P, Panigrahi G, Roy D. Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders Leaves (Acanthaceae). TROP J PHARM RES 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v8i2.44521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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