1
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Avagyan G, Yeranosyan H, Kishmiryan A, Shushanyan R, Melkonian A, Ayvazyan NM. Histopathological changes of mice tissues in course of the envenomation by the Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom and the neutralizing effect of the ovine-derived experimental antivenom. Toxicon 2024; 247:107821. [PMID: 38901744 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Viper bites pose a significant public health issue in Armenia, even within urban areas, often resulting in clotting disorders, hypofibrinogenemia, and tissue necrosis in humans. This study investigates histopathological changes in various tissues during mice envenomation by West-Asian blunt-nosed viper (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa) venom, as well as the recovery process aided by experimental antivenom derived from sheep. The high venom dose caused substantial damage to the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys in mice, indicating systemic harm. While antivenom administration can prevent mortality in mice envenomation, it may not fully mitigate histological damage in affected organs. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of timing antivenom administration, as the severity of tissue alterations can vary depending on the duration of envenomation. These findings shed light on antivenom's effects on viper envenomation and stress the need for further research to optimize its timing and dosage for minimizing histological damage and enhancing clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevorg Avagyan
- Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hasmik Yeranosyan
- Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Koryun 2, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen Kishmiryan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS RA, Orbely Str. 22, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Naira M Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS RA, Orbely Str. 22, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia
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2
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Damm M, Karış M, Petras D, Nalbantsoy A, Göçmen B, Süssmuth RD. Venomics and Peptidomics of Palearctic Vipers: A Clade-Wide Analysis of Seven Taxa of the Genera Vipera, Montivipera, Macrovipera, and Daboia across Türkiye. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3524-3541. [PMID: 38980134 PMCID: PMC11301686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Snake venom variations are a crucial factor to understand the consequences of snakebite envenoming worldwide, and therefore it is important to know about toxin composition alterations between taxa. Palearctic vipers of the genera Vipera, Montivipera, Macrovipera, and Daboia have high medical impacts across the Old World. One hotspot for their occurrence and diversity is Türkiye, located on the border between continents, but many of their venoms remain still understudied. Here, we present the venom compositions of seven Turkish viper taxa. By complementary mass spectrometry-based bottom-up and top-down workflows, the venom profiles were investigated on proteomics and peptidomics level. This study includes the first venom descriptions of Vipera berus barani, Vipera darevskii, Montivipera bulgardaghica albizona, and Montivipera xanthina, as well as the first snake venomics profiles of Turkish Macrovipera lebetinus obtusa, and Daboia palaestinae, including an in-depth reanalysis of M. bulgardaghica bulgardaghica venom. Additionally, we identified the modular consensus sequence pEXW(PZ)1-2P(EI)/(KV)PPLE for bradykinin-potentiating peptides in viper venoms. For better insights into variations and potential impacts of medical significance, the venoms were compared against other Palearctic viper proteomes, including the first genus-wide Montivipera venom comparison. This will help the risk assessment of snakebite envenoming by these vipers and aid in predicting the venoms' pathophysiology and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Damm
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- LOEWE-Centre
for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute
for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig
University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Mert Karış
- Program
of Laboratory Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process
Technologies, Acıgöl Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Acıgöl, 50140 Nevşehir, Türkiye
| | - Daniel Petras
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California
Riverside, 169 Aberdeen
Dr, Riverside, California 92507, United States
- Interfaculty
Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Zoology
Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Arestakesyan H, LeFevre N, Posnack N, Sarian A, Grigoryan V, Ayvazyan N, Voskanyan A, Sarvazyan N, Karabekian Z. Changes in attachment and metabolic activity of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes caused by Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105755. [PMID: 38061605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Caucasian viper Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (MLO) is one of the most prevalent and venomous snakes in the Caucasus and the surrounding regions, yet the effects of MLO venom on cardiac function remain largely unknown. We examined the influence of MLO venom (crude and with inhibited metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2) on attachment and metabolic activity of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (CM) and nonmyocytes (nCM), assessed at 1 and 24 h. After exposing both CM and nCM to varying concentrations of MLO venom, we observed immediate cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, causing detachment from the culture substrate. At lower MLO venom concentrations both cell types detached in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of MLO venom metalloproteinases significantly improved CM and nCM attachment after 1-hour exposure. At 24-hour exposure to metalloproteinases inhibited venom statistically significant enhancement was observed only in nCM attachment. However, metabolic activity of CM and nCM did not decrease upon exposure to the lower dose of the venom. Moreover, we demonstrated that metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2 are not the components of the MLO venom that change metabolic activity of both CM and nCM. These results provide a valuable platform to study the impact of MLO venom on prey cardiac function. They also call for further exploration of individual venom components for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovhannes Arestakesyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Narine LeFevre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Nikki Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Children's National Heart Institute, Sheikh Zayed Institute of Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Arni Sarian
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia
| | - Vahan Grigoryan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia
| | - Naira Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia
| | - Armen Voskanyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia
| | - Narine Sarvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zaruhi Karabekian
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Orbeli Bros. St., Yerevan 0028, Armenia; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Bahmani K, Abdollahnia A, Vatanpour H, Ghassempour A, Kaboli M, Shahidi MR. Evaluation of venom diversity and antivenom quality from the venom of long-term captive vs recently wild captured Pseudocerastes persicus snake: An In vitro and In vivo study. Toxicon 2024; 241:107662. [PMID: 38417708 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is a life-threatening condition and antivenoms are used as the most effective treatment. Venom obtained from snakes in long-term captivity showed some variations in comparison to the venom of the wild snakes. The objective of this study is to compare the venom of the Pseudocerastes persicus under long-term captivity and wild conditions as well as the antivenom obtained from these venoms. We have analyzed venom samples and produced trivalent antivenoms using the venom of long-term captive (LTC) or recently wild-captured (RWC) Pseudocerastes persicus, and RWC Macrovipera lebetina, and Echis carinatus. The HPLC analysis revealed that the RWC snakes' venom had three peaks that were not present in the LTC snake's venom. Further analysis using MALDI-TOF and MS/MS showed that the fraction with a retention time (RT) of 14 min contained a toxin from the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KUT) class, while the fraction with RT 21 a peptide identified within the snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) class. The third peak was identified as a sphingolipid. Interestingly, the in vivo preclinical tests showed no significant differences in the effectiveness of the antivenoms. which could be due to the cross-immunogenicity or cross-reactivity between different toxins in the venom. According to our results, small variations in the venom composition of a species do not lead to a decrease in the efficacy of the polyvalent antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Bahmani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Abdollahnia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Vatanpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kaboli
- College of Natural Resources and Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Belardo C, Jebali J, Boccella S, Infantino R, Fusco A, Perrone M, Bonsale R, Manzo I, Iannotta M, Scuteri D, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Ferrara G, Guida F, Luongo L, Palazzo E, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Maione S. Biphasic Hormetic-like Effect of Lebecetin, a C-type Lectin of Snake Venom, on Formalin-induced Inflammation in Mice. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1391-1405. [PMID: 38073106 PMCID: PMC11092918 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22999231207105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins, important extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor proteins, are affected by inflammation and can participate in the maintenance of many painful conditions. Although they are ubiquitous and changeable across all cell types, the roles of these cell adhesion molecules in pathological pain have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of the subcutaneous injection of lebecetin, a C-type lectin isolated from Macrovipera lebetina snake venom, previously reported to inhibit α5β1 and αv integrin activity, on different components of inflammation induced by the formalin administration in the hind paw of mice. METHODS The formalin-induced nocifensive behavior, edema, and histopathological changes in the hind paw associated with cytokine, iNOS, and COX2 expression, nociceptive-specific neuron activity, and microglial activation analysis in the spinal cord were evaluated in mice receiving vehicle or lebecetin pretreatment. RESULTS Lebecetin inhibited the nocifensive responses in the formalin test, related edema, and cell infiltration in the injected paw in a biphasic, hormetic-like, and dose-dependent way. According to that hormetic trend, a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the spinal cord were found with the lowest doses of lebecetin. Moreover, COX2 and iNOS expression in serum and spinal cord followed the same biphasic pattern of cytokines. Finally, nociceptive neurons sensitization and activated microglia were normalized in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by lebecetin. CONCLUSION These findings implicate specific roles of integrins in inflammation and tonic pain, as well as in the related central nervous system sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Jed Jebali
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Perrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roozbe Bonsale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Iolanda Manzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrara
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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6
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Schulte L, Damm M, Avella I, Uhrig L, Erkoc P, Schiffmann S, Fürst R, Timm T, Lochnit G, Vilcinskas A, Lüddecke T. Venomics of the milos viper ( Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1254058. [PMID: 37719269 PMCID: PMC10500195 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1254058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and a globally important driver of death and morbidity. Vipers of the genus Macrovipera (Viperidae: Viperinae) are among the snakes of higher medical importance in the Old World. Despite the medical relevance of Macrovipera venoms, the knowledge regarding them is heterogeneously distributed with virtually all works conducted so far focusing on subspecies of Macrovipera lebetinus, while other species within the genus are largely overlooked. Here we present the first proteomic evaluation of the venom from the Greek endemic Milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri). In line with clinical symptoms typically elicited by Macrovipera envenomations, Milos viper venom primarily comprises coagulotoxic and cytotoxic protein families, such as metalloproteinases (svMP) and serine proteases (svSP). Methods: We conducted comparative bioactivity assays on venoms from M. schweizeri and the M. lebetinus subspecies M. lebetinus cernovi, M. lebetinus obtusa, and M. lebetinus turanica, and showed that they all exhibit similarities in levels of cytotoxicity proteolytic activity, and inhibition of prokaryotic growth. Lastly, we compared Macrovipera venom profiles by 1D-SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC, as well as our proteomic data with previously published Macrovipera venom proteomes. Results and discussion: The analyzes performed to reveal that a general venom profile seems to be conserved across blunt-nosed vipers, and that, M. schweizeri envenomations, similarly to those caused by other blunt-nosed vipers, are able to cause significant tissue damage. The present work represents an important starting point for the development of comparative studies across the full taxonomic range of the genus Macrovipera and can potentially help optimize the treatment of envenomations caused by M. schweizeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Schulte
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maik Damm
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ignazio Avella
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associated Laboratory, University Port, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Lilien Uhrig
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Timm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
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Paolino G, Di Nicola MR, Avella I, Mercuri SR. Venomous Bites, Stings and Poisoning by European Vertebrates as an Overlooked and Emerging Medical Problem: Recognition, Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Management. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1228. [PMID: 37374011 DOI: 10.3390/life13061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Europe presents a high number of venomous and poisonous animals able to elicit medically relevant symptoms in humans. However, since most of the accidents involving venomous or poisonous animals in Europe are unreported, their incidence and morbidity are severely overlooked. Here we provide an overview of the European vertebrate species of greatest toxicological interest, the clinical manifestations their toxins can cause, and their treatment. We report the clinical symptoms induced by envenomations and poisoning caused by reptiles, fishes, amphibians and mammals in Europe, ranging from mild, local symptoms (e.g., erythema, edema) to systemic and potentially deadly. The present work constitutes a tool for physicians to recognize envenomation/poisoning symptoms caused by the most medically relevant European vertebrates and to decide which approach is the most appropriate to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Paolino
- Unit of Dermatology and Cosmetology, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Dermatology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Riccardo Di Nicola
- Unit of Dermatology and Cosmetology, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Asociación Herpetológica Española, Apartado de Correos 191, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Ignazio Avella
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Santo Raffaele Mercuri
- Unit of Dermatology and Cosmetology, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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8
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Jestrzemski D, Athanasiadou M, Scoutellas V, Ghezellou P, Spengler B, Gessler F, Kuch U. Hospital admissions due to snake envenomation in the Republic of Cyprus: a 7-year retrospective review. J Occup Med Toxicol 2022; 17:25. [PMID: 36544155 PMCID: PMC9768951 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-022-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snake envenomation is a major neglected tropical disease, lacking data in many countries including Cyprus, a Mediterranean island inhabited by the medically important blunt-nosed viper (Macrovipera lebetina). Reviewing the 2013-2019 period, we present first-time epidemiological snakebite data in the Republic of Cyprus. METHODS We obtained data on snake envenomation-related hospital admissions from the Ministry of Health, and population and rainfall data from the Statistical Service of Cyprus and Department of Meteorology websites. Human-viper conflict information was acquired from interviews with 12 representatives of Cypriot institutions. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2019, 288 snake envenomation cases were admitted to public hospitals, averaging 41 people annually. The minimum was 29 cases (2017) and the maximum was 58 (2015). Snake envenomation incidence increased from 4.55 per 100,000 population (2013) to 6.84 (2015), but remained low since 2017 (3.49 in 2019). Between 2000 and 2018, the deaths of one man (73 years), and indirectly, one woman (77 years), were related to snake envenomation. While 266 cases (92%) happened between April and October (the blunt-nosed viper activity period), most envenomations occurred in September (cumulative for 2013-2019), with 88 cases (31%). Snakebite incidence peaked in the 60-69 years age group (9.19 per 100,000 population), and was higher in males (6.85) than in females (2.82). Of all admitted patients, 242 (84%) were discharged within 4 days. Mean hospital stay duration was 2.65 days, with one case of 13 days. Most patients were admitted to the general hospitals in Paphos (51%), Limassol (30%) and Nicosia (11%), which provide secondary healthcare, with the last one providing tertiary healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Snakebite-related deaths are very rare in the Republic of Cyprus. Most envenomation cases happened in late summer (September). Short hospital stays indicate mostly non-severe clinical courses. The hospital admission data suggest that snake envenomation risk is highest in Paphos district. The statistical data hint at males and middle- to older-aged people being at highest risk, whereas from our interview data we assume that outdoor workers are at higher risk than other occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jestrzemski
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria Athanasiadou
- grid.426504.1Health Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Republic of Cyprus
| | - Vasos Scoutellas
- grid.426504.1Health Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Republic of Cyprus
| | - Parviz Ghezellou
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Gessler
- miprolab Mikrobiologische Diagnostik GmbH, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Institut für angewandte Biotechnologie der Tropen e.V., University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ayvazyan N, Ghukasyan G, Ghulikyan L, Kirakosyan G, Sevoyan G, Voskanyan A, Karabekyan Z. The Contribution of Phospholipase A 2 and Metalloproteinases to the Synergistic Action of Viper Venom on the Bioenergetic Profile of Vero Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110724. [PMID: 36355974 PMCID: PMC9695613 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of snake venoms. However, the complexity of animal venoms and the extreme synergy of the venom components during envenomation calls for critical review and analysis. The epithelium is a primary target for injected viper venom's toxic substances, and therefore, is a focus in modern toxinology. We used the Vero epithelial cell line as a model to compare the actions of a crude Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Levantine viper) venom with the actions of the same venom with two key enzymatic components inhibited (specifically, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and metalloproteinases) in the bioenergetic cellular response, i.e., oxygen uptake and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition to the rate of free-radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation, we measured real-time mitochondrial respiration (based on the oxygen consumption rate) and glycolysis (based on the extracellular acidification rate) using a Seahorse analyzer. Our data show that viper venom drives an increase in both glycolysis and respiration in Vero cells, while the blockage of PLA2 or/and metalloproteinases affects only the rates of the oxidative phosphorylation. PLA2-blocking in venom also increases cytotoxic activity and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. These data show that certain components of the venom may have a different effect within the venom cocktail other than the purified enzymes due to the synergy of the venom components.
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Ghezellou P, Dillenberger M, Kazemi SM, Jestrzemski D, Hellmann B, Spengler B. Comparative Venom Proteomics of Iranian, Macrovipera lebetina cernovi, and Cypriot, Macrovipera lebetina lebetina, Giant Vipers. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:716. [PMID: 36287984 PMCID: PMC9609362 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenoming by Macrovipera lebetina subspecies causes severe life-threatening difficulties for people living in North Africa and the Middle East. To better understand the pathophysiology of envenoming and improve patient management, knowledge about the venom components of the subspecies is essential. Here, the venom proteomes of Macrovipera lebetina lebetina from Cyprus and Macrovipera lebetina cernovi from Iran were characterized using RP-HPLC separation of the crude venom proteins, SDS-PAGE of fractionated proteins, and LC-MS/MS of peptides obtained from in-gel tryptic digestion of protein bands. Moreover, we also used high-resolution shot-gun proteomics to gain more reliable identification, where the whole venom proteomes were subjected directly to in-solution digestion before LC-HR-MS/MS. The data revealed that both venoms consisted of at least 18 protein families, of which snake venom Zn2+-dependent metalloprotease (SVMP), serine protease, disintegrin, phospholipase A2, C-type lectin-like, and L-amino acid oxidase, together accounted for more than 80% of the venoms’ protein contents. Although the two viper venoms shared mostly similar protein classes, the relative occurrences of these toxins were different in each snake subspecies. For instance, P-I class of SVMP toxins were found to be more abundant than P-III class in the venoms of M. l. cernovi compared to M. l. lebetina, which gives hints at a more potent myonecrotic effect and minor systemic hemorrhage following envenoming by M. l. cernovi than M. l. lebetina. Moreover, single-shot proteomics also revealed many proteins with low abundance (<1%) within the venoms, such as aminopeptidase, hyaluronidase, glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase, cystatin, phospholipase B, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Our study extends the in-depth understanding of the venom complexity of M. lebetina subspecies, particularly regarding toxin families associated with envenoming pathogenesis and those hard-detected protein classes expressed in trace amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Ghezellou
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Melissa Dillenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Jestrzemski
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutrition in Prevention & Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Teodoro A, Gonçalves FJ, Oliveira H, Marques S. Venom of Viperidae: A Perspective of its Antibacterial and Antitumor
Potential. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:126-144. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210811164517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
:
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and limitations on cancer treatment represent
two important challenges in modern medicine. Biological compounds have been explored with
a particular focus on venoms. Although they can be lethal or cause considerable damage to humans,
venom is also a source rich in components with high therapeutic potential.
:
Viperidae family is one of the most emblematic venomous snake families and several studies highlighted
the antibacterial and antitumor potential of viper toxins. According to the literature, these
activities are mainly associated to five protein families - svLAAO, Disintegrins, PLA2, SVMPs and
C-type lectins- that act through different mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the growth of bacteria,
as well as, cytotoxic effects and inhibition of metastasis process. In this review, we provide
an overview of the venom toxins produced by species belonging to the Viperidae family, exploring
their roles during the envenoming and their pharmacological properties, in order to demonstrate its
antibacterial and antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Teodoro
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J.M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Marques
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Voskanyan AV, Darbinyan AA, Parseghyan LM. Hemorrhagic changes and microglia activation induced by Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom with the inhibited enzymatic activity in rat brain. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:195-204. [PMID: 35419270 PMCID: PMC8960507 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2 are the main enzymes in the venom of Macrovipera lebetina obtusa that play a decisive role in the destructive and toxic effects on the organism of the prey. Metalloproteinases cause hemorrhagic damage, destroy the basement membrane of the blood vessel and disrupt the connections between endothelial cells. Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis of erythrocytes, destroy the cell membranes, and inhibits the adhesion of platelets and so on. The state of the capillaries of the rat brain and microglia under the action of the venom with separately inhibited enzymes was investigated and compared to the action of the crude venom. Also, the toxicity LD50 of the venom of Macrovipera lebetina obtusa with the inhibited enzymatic activity was determined. The histochemical study showed that the inhibition of phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity did not significantly change the vasodestructive effect of the venoms. In case of action of a venom with inhibited enzymatic activity of metalloproteinases, low activity of microglia and less damaged capillaries were observed. The toxicity of the venom with inhibited phospholipase A2 and with inhibited metalloproteinases was respectively 1.8 and 3.7 times weaker than that of the crude venom. We can claim that both the toxicity of the venom of Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, the damaged brain vessels and the increased activity of CNS microglia are determined mainly by the action of metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen V. Voskanyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences Armenia, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna A. Darbinyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences Armenia, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilya M. Parseghyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences Armenia, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
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13
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Damm M, Hempel BF, Süssmuth RD. Old World Vipers-A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060427. [PMID: 34204565 PMCID: PMC8235416 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution, snake venoms have frightened but also fascinated humanity and nowadays they constitute potential resources for drug development, therapeutics and antivenoms. The continuous progress of mass spectrometry techniques and latest advances in proteomics workflows enabled toxinologists to decipher venoms by modern omics technologies, so-called ‘venomics’. A tremendous upsurge reporting on snake venom proteomes could be observed. Within this review we focus on the highly venomous and widely distributed subfamily of Viperinae (Serpentes: Viperidae). A detailed public literature database search was performed (2003–2020) and we extensively reviewed all compositional venom studies of the so-called Old-World Vipers. In total, 54 studies resulted in 89 venom proteomes. The Viperinae venoms are dominated by four major, four secondary, six minor and several rare toxin families and peptides, respectively. The multitude of different venomics approaches complicates the comparison of venom composition datasets and therefore we differentiated between non-quantitative and three groups of quantitative workflows. The resulting direct comparisons within these groups show remarkable differences on the intra- and interspecies level across genera with a focus on regional differences. In summary, the present compilation is the first comprehensive up-to-date database on Viperinae venom proteomes and differentiating between analytical methods and workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Damm
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, (BCRT), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-314-24205
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14
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Kazemi SM, Al-Sabi A, Long C, Shoulkamy MI, Abd El-Aziz TM. Case Report: Recent Case Reports of Levant Blunt-Nosed Viper Macrovipera lebetina obtusa Snakebites in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1870-1876. [PMID: 33819174 PMCID: PMC8103458 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomation and death resulting from snakebites represent a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The WHO has defined snakebite as a neglected tropical health concern. Bites from Macrovipera lebetina obtusa usually cause life-threatening systemic hemodynamic disturbances, reduced functionality of the kidneys, and other serious symptoms, including hypotension shock, edema, and tissue necrosis, at the bite site. Herein, we highlight five cases of M. l. obtusa envenomation that presented with wide-ranging manifestations. Many recovered cases were left with long-term musculoskeletal disabilities. In a particular case, a 15-year-old male patient was envenomed in his palm by an 80-cm M. l. obtusa. Within 12 hours, swelling extended to near the shoulder. Fasciotomy was performed on the forearm and part of the upper arm of this patient. Symptoms of severe localized pain and swelling, dizziness, weakness, low blood pressure, and itching around the bite area were documented. The patient remained in the hospital for 13 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Al-Sabi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - Chengbo Long
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mahmoud I. Shoulkamy
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China;,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt;,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,Address correspondence to Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900. E-mail:
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15
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Li G, Liu X, Cong S, Deng Y, Zheng X. A novel serine protease with anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities from the fruiting bodies of mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:631-639. [PMID: 33227332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel fibrinolytic enzyme, ACase was isolated from fruiting bodies of a mushroom, Agrocybe aegerita. ACase was purified by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, ion exchange and hydrophobic chromatographies to 237.12 fold with a specific activity of 1716.77 U/mg. ACase was found to be a heterodimer with molecular mass of 31.4 and 21.2 kDa by SDS-PAGE and appeared as a single band on Native-PAGE and fibrin-zymogram. The N-terminal sequence of the two subunits of ACase was AIVTQTNAPWGL (subunit 1) and SNADGNGHGTHV (subunit 2). ACase had maximal activity at 47 °C and pH 7.6. It's activity was improved by Cu2+, Na+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, K+ and Mn2+, but inhibited by Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. PMSF, SBTI, aprotinine and Lys inhibited the enzyme activity, which suggested that ACase was a serine protease. ACase could degrade all three chains (α, β and γ) of fibrinogen. Moreover, the enzyme acted as both, a plasmin-like fibrinolytic enzyme and a plasminogen activator. It could hydrolyze human thrombin slightly, which indicated that the ACase could inhibit the activity of thrombin and acted as an anticoagulant to prevent thrombosis. Based on these results, ACase might act as a therapeutic agent for treating thrombosis, or as a functional food. Further investigation of the enzyme is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Techology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Techology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China.
| | - Shanzi Cong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Techology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Yongping Deng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Techology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Xiqun Zheng
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Deep Processing Theory and Techology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China.
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16
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Ghazaryan NA, Kishmiryan A, Ayvazyan NM. The Synergy of Membranotropic Effect of the Two Pla 2 Fractions of Macrovipera lebetina obtusa Venom on the Model Membranes. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:609-616. [PMID: 33089393 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that snake venoms are a complex of enzymes and proteins and the interaction of different venom components with the membranes could be significantly enhanced in course of their action in an orchestra. The aim of the proposed investigation is to obtain detailed information about the mechanism and topology of two snake venom PLA2 isoforms from the Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom in the membrane-binding process. We investigated the impact of the interaction on the properties of the model membrane (namely, GUVs and erythrocytes ghost) for each of these isoforms, as well as their synergetic action if they act simultaneously. The 6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene and 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene fluorescence probes were used to allow us to determine the membrane polarity more accurately via a generalized polarization function. Our results show that two types of PLA2 bring viscosity reduction in GUVs membrane and the effect became more potent when these PLA2 acts together. Intriguingly, we have not observed any significant difference in the case of the erythrocytes ghost membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ghazaryan
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Molecular Systematics, Institute of Physiology, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A Kishmiryan
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Molecular Systematics, Institute of Physiology, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - N M Ayvazyan
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Molecular Systematics, Institute of Physiology, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
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17
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Pla D, Quesada-Bernat S, Rodríguez Y, Sánchez A, Vargas M, Villalta M, Mesén S, Segura Á, Mustafin DO, Fomina YA, Al-Shekhadat RI, Calvete JJ. Dagestan blunt-nosed viper, Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Dwigubsky, 1832), venom. Venomics, antivenomics, and neutralization assays of the lethal and toxic venom activities by anti- Macrovipera lebetina turanica and anti- Vipera berus berus antivenoms. Toxicon X 2020; 6:100035. [PMID: 32550590 PMCID: PMC7285993 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have applied a combination of venomics, in vivo neutralization assays, and in vitro third-generation antivenomics analysis to assess the preclinical efficacy of the monospecific anti-Macrovipera lebetina turanica (anti-Mlt) antivenom manufactured by Uzbiopharm® (Uzbekistan) and the monospecific anti-Vipera berus berus antivenom from Microgen® (Russia) against the venom of Dagestan blunt-nosed viper, Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Mlo). Despite their low content of homologous (anti-Mlt, 5–10%) or para-specific (anti-Vbb, 4–9%) F(ab')2 antibody fragments against M. l. obtusa venom toxins, both antivenoms efficiently recognized most components of the complex venom proteome's arsenal, which is made up of toxins derived from 11 different gene families and neutralized, albeit at different doses, key toxic effects of M. l. obtusa venom, i.e., in vivo lethal and hemorrhagic effects in a murine model, and in vitro phospholipase A2, proteolytic and coagulant activities. The calculated lethality neutralization potencies for Uzbiopharm® anti-Mlt and anti-Vbb Microgen® antivenoms were 1.46 and 1.77 mg/mL, indicating that 1 mL of Uzbiopharm® and Microgen® antivenoms may protect mice from 41 to 50 LD50s of Mlo venom, respectively. The remarkable degree of conservation of immunogenic determinants between species of the clades of European and Oriental viper, which evolved geographically segregated since the early Miocene, suggests an eventual window of opportunity for the treatment of envenomings by Eurasian snakes. Clearly, the rational use of heterologous antivenoms requires establishing their para-specificity landscapes. This paper illustrates the analytical power of combining in vitro and in vivo preclinical quantitative assays toward this goal. Efficacy against M. l. obtusa venom by two antivenoms was investigated. Quantification of lethality neutralizing antibodies was assessed. Anti-Vipera berus antivenom showed paraspecificity against M. l. obtusa venom. This study provides hints as how to improve the potency of the antivenoms sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Pla
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Quesada-Bernat
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yania Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Sánchez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-206, Costa Rica
| | - Mariángela Vargas
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-206, Costa Rica
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-206, Costa Rica
| | - Susana Mesén
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-206, Costa Rica
| | - Álvaro Segura
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-206, Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Juan J Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Ríos-Orjuela JC, Falcón-Espitia N, Arias-Escobar A, Espejo-Uribe MJ, Chamorro-Vargas CT. Knowledge and interactions of the local community with the herpetofauna in the forest reserve of Quininí (Tibacuy-Cundinamarca, Colombia). JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:17. [PMID: 32293483 PMCID: PMC7161309 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of human-nature relationship has made possible to understand the life dynamics of the communities and the biodiversity with which they cohabit. Although there has been a rise of ethnobiological studies over the last decade, little is known about human interaction with herpetofauna in South America and Colombia. In this work, we analyzed the knowledge, perception, and interaction of a local community located in the forest reserve of Quininí (RFPCQ) in Cundinamarca (Colombia), concerning to the herpetofauna that inhabits the area. METHODS We performed semi-structured surveys containing 30 questions categorized into three groups: academic knowledge (1), use and cultural beliefs (2), and interactions (3) related to the herpetofauna that occurs in the region. The obtained data in question groups 1 and 2 are presented as a qualitative summary. For the question group 3, we assigned the answers to a hostility value according to the possible reaction of each individual interviewed in a hypothetical encounter with the herpetofauna and built tendency charts in order to see the positive or negative reactions due to the birthplace (urban/rural) and gender (male/female). RESULTS The community recognized the presence of amphibians and reptiles that cohabit their space, as well as their potential habitats. Besides, the role of herpetofauna was recognized in the magical/religious traditions for some inhabitants of the region, mainly associated with the fate and cure of chronic diseases. In general, the perception of amphibians and reptiles varied according to the origin and gender of the people, which tend to have a more positive perception of reptiles than compared to amphibians in most cases. CONCLUSIONS Although there was a general lack of knowledge on the part of the inhabitants of the RFPCQ about the biological and ecological aspects of herpetofauna, the population recognized the basic information about the habitats of these animals within the reserve area. There is a wide variety of uses of amphibians and reptiles in traditional medicine. Greater efforts should be made in the transmission and dissemination of knowledge about the ecological functions of herpetofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Ríos-Orjuela
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04263-000, Brazil.
- Grupo de Morfología y Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Apartado, 7495, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Nelson Falcón-Espitia
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., 11001, Colombia
- Grupo estudiantil de Herpetología, Área curricular de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., 11001, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Arias-Escobar
- Grupo estudiantil de Herpetología, Área curricular de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., 11001, Colombia
| | - María José Espejo-Uribe
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., 11001, Colombia
| | - Carol Tatiana Chamorro-Vargas
- Grupo estudiantil de Herpetología, Área curricular de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., 11001, Colombia
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Pla D, Sanz L, Quesada-Bernat S, Villalta M, Baal J, Chowdhury MAW, León G, Gutiérrez JM, Kuch U, Calvete JJ. Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103443. [PMID: 31325606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is, together with Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus and Echis carinatus, a member of the medically important 'Big Four' species responsible for causing a large number of morbidity and mortality cases across the Indian subcontinent. Despite the wide distribution of Russell's viper and the well-documented ubiquity of the phenomenon of geographic variability of intraspecific snake venom composition, Indian polyvalent antivenoms against the "Big Four" venoms are raised against venoms sourced mainly from Chennai in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Biochemical and venomics investigations have consistently revealed notable compositional, functional, and immunological differences among geographic variants of Russell's viper venoms across the Indian subcontinent. However, these studies, carried out by different laboratories using different protocols and involving venoms from a single geographical region, make the comparison of the different venoms difficult. To bridge this gap, we have conducted bioactivities and proteomic analyses of D. russelii venoms from the three corners of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Tamil Nandu (India) and Sri Lanka, along with comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. These analyses let us to propose two alternative routes of radiation for Russell's viper in the Indian subcontinent. Both radiations, towards the northeast of India and Bangladesh and towards south India and Sri Lanka, have a common origin in Pakistan, and provide a phylovenomics ground for rationalizing the geographic variability in venom composition and their distinct immunoreactivity against available antivenoms. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), the Indian cobra (Naja naja), the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), and the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) constitute the 'Big Four' snake species responsible for most snakebite envenomings and deaths in the Indian subcontinent. Despite the medical relevance of Daboia russelii, and the well documented variations in the clinical manifestations of envenomings by this wide distributed species, which are doubtless functionally related to differences in venom composition of its geographic variants, antivenoms for the clinical treatment of envenomings by D. russelii across the Indian subcontinent are invariably raised using venom sourced mainly from the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. We have applied a phylovenomics approach to compare the venom proteomes of Russell's vipers from the three corners of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South India/Sri Lanka, and have assessed the in vitro (third-generation antivenomics) and in vivo preclinical efficacy of a panel of homologous antivenoms. The identification of two dispersal routes of ancestral D. russelii into the Indian subcontinent provides the ground for rationalizing the variability in composition and immunoreactivity of the venoms of extant geographic variants of Russell's viper. Such knowledge is relevant for envisioning strategies to improve the clinical coverage of anti- D. russelii antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Pla
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Libia Sanz
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Quesada-Bernat
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Joshua Baal
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - José M Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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