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Singh JKD, Mazumdar P, Othman RY, Harikrishna JA. Adding value to banana farming: Antibody production in post-harvest leaves. J Biotechnol 2024; 387:69-78. [PMID: 38582406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Banana, a globally popular fruit, is widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions. After fruit harvest, remaining banana plant materials are low-value byproducts, mostly composted or used as fibre or for food packaging. As an aim to potentially increase farmer income, this study explored underutilised banana biomass as a novel plant tissue for production of a high-value product. Protein scFvTG130 used in this study, is an anti-toxoplasma single chain variable fragment antibody that can be used in diagnostics and neutralising the Toxoplasma gondii pathogen. Using detached banana leaves, we investigated the factors influencing the efficacy of a transient expression system using reporter genes and recombinant protein, scFvTG130. Transient expression was optimal at 2 days after detached banana leaves were vacuum infiltrated at 0.08 MPa vacuum pressure for a duration of 3 min with 0.01% (v/v) Tween20 using Agrobacterium strain GV3101 harbouring disarmed virus-based vector pIR-GFPscFvTG130. The highest concentration of anti-toxoplasma scFvTG130 antibody obtained using detached banana leaves was 22.8 µg/g fresh leaf tissue. This first study using detached banana leaf tissue for the transient expression of a recombinant protein, successfully demonstrated anti-toxoplasma scFvTG130 antibody expression, supporting the potential application for other related proteins using an underutilised detached banana leaf tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Kaur Darsan Singh
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Purabi Mazumdar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rofina Yasmin Othman
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Ann Harikrishna
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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2
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Uko SO, Malami I, Ibrahim KG, Lawal N, Bello MB, Abubakar MB, Imam MU. Revolutionizing snakebite care with novel antivenoms: Breakthroughs and barriers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25531. [PMID: 38333815 PMCID: PMC10850593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a global public health concern, primarily due to the lack of effective antivenom for treating snakebites inflicted by medically significant venomous snakes prevalent across various geographic locations. The rising demand for safe, cost-effective, and potent snakebite treatments highlights the urgent need to develop alternative therapeutics targeting relevant toxins. This development could provide promising discoveries to create novel recombinant solutions, leveraging human monoclonal antibodies, synthetic peptides and nanobodies. Such technologies as recombinant DNA, peptide and epitope mapping phage display etc) have the potential to exceed the traditional use of equine polyclonal antibodies, which have long been used in antivenom production. Recombinant antivenom can be engineered to target certain toxins that play a critical role in snakebite pathology. This approach has the potential to produce antivenom with improved efficacy and safety profiles. However, there are limitations and challenges associated with these emerging technologies. Therefore, identifying the limitations is critical for overcoming the associated challenges and optimizing the development of recombinant antivenoms. This review is aimed at presenting a thorough overview of diverse technologies used in the development of recombinant antivenom, emphasizing their limitations and offering insights into prospects for advancing recombinant antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Odo Uko
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciecnes, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, P. O. Box 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Nafiu Lawal
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
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3
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Moore CM, Ljungars A, Paul MJ, Dahl CH, Ahmadi S, Adams AC, Grav LM, Schoffelen S, Voldborg BG, Laustsen AH, Ma JKC. Characterisation of two snake toxin-targeting human monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibodies expressed in tobacco plants. Toxicon 2023:107225. [PMID: 37442299 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Current snakebite antivenoms are based on polyclonal animal-derived antibodies, which can neutralize snake venom toxins in envenomed victims, but which are also associated with adverse reactions. Therefore, several efforts within antivenom research aim to explore the utility of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, such as human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, which are routinely used in the clinic for other indications. In this study, the feasibility of using tobacco plants as bioreactors for expressing full-length human monoclonal IgG antibodies against snake toxins was investigated. We show that the plant-produced antibodies perform similarly to their mammalian cell-expressed equivalents in terms of in vitro binding. Complete neutralization was achieved by both the plant and mammalian cell-produced anti-α-cobratoxin antibody. The feasibility of using plant-based expression systems may potentially make it easier for laboratories in resource-poor settings to work with human monoclonal IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Moore
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Ljungars
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Holst Dahl
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shirin Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Christina Adams
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Marie Grav
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Gunnar Voldborg
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hougaard Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Julian K-C Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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4
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Bravo-Vázquez LA, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Bandyopadhyay A, Sharma A, Paul S. Regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:689-705. [PMID: 36753041 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key modulators of gene expression during callus induction. Their further study may promote the design of innovative plant tissue culture protocols. The use of plants by humans has recently taken on a new and expanding insight due to the advent of genetic engineering technologies. In this context, callus cultures have shown remarkable potential for synthesizing valuable biomolecules, crop improvement, plant micropropagation, and biodiversity preservation. A crucial stage in callus production is the conversion of somatic cells into totipotent cells; compelling evidence indicates that stress factors, transcriptional regulators, and plant hormones can trigger this biological event. Besides, posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression might be essential participants in callus induction. However, research related to the analysis of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that modulate callogenesis and plant cell dedifferentiation in vitro is still at an early stage. During the last decade, some relevant studies have enlightened the fact that different classes of ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in plant cell dedifferentiation through regulating the expression levels of diverse gene targets. Hence, understanding the molecular relevance of these ncRNAs in the aforesaid biological processes might represent a promising source of new biotechnological approaches for callus culture and plant improvement. In this current work, we review the experimental evidence regarding the prospective roles of ncRNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation to promote this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Manila, Philippines
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
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5
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Gómez-Ramírez IV, Corrales-García LL, Possani LD, Riaño-Umbarila L, Becerril B. Expression in Pichia pastoris of human antibody fragments that neutralize venoms of Mexican scorpions. Toxicon 2023; 223:107012. [PMID: 36592762 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has been one of the most widely used organisms in recent years as an expression system for a wide variety of recombinant proteins with therapeutic potential. Its popularity as an alternative system to Escherichia coli is mainly due to the easy genetic manipulation and the ability to produce high levels of heterologous proteins, either intracellularly or extracellularly. Being a eukaryotic organism, P. pastoris carries out post-translational modifications that allow it to produce soluble and correctly folded recombinant proteins. This work, evaluated the expression capacity in P. pastoris of two single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of human origin, 10FG2 and LR. These scFvs were previously obtained by directed evolution against scorpion venom toxins and are able to neutralize different toxins and venoms of Mexican species. The yield obtained in P. pastoris was higher than that obtained in bacterial periplasm (E. coli), and most importantly, biochemical and functional properties were not modified. These results confirm that P. pastoris yeast can be a good expression system for the production of antibody fragments of a new recombinant antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse V Gómez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Ligia Luz Corrales-García
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Lidia Riaño-Umbarila
- Investigadora por México, CONACyT, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico.
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico.
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6
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Dias da Silva W, De Andrade SA, Megale ÂAA, De Souza DA, Sant’Anna OA, Magnoli FC, Guidolin FR, Godoi KS, Saladini LY, Spencer PJ, Portaro FCV. Antibodies as Snakebite Antivenoms: Past and Future. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090606. [PMID: 36136544 PMCID: PMC9503307 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is considered a neglected tropical disease, affecting tens of thousands of people each year. The recommended treatment is the use of antivenom, which is composed of immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments obtained from the plasma of animals hyperimmunized with one (monospecific) or several (polyspecific) venoms. In this review, the efforts made in the improvement of the already available antivenoms and the development of new antivenoms, focusing on snakes of medical importance from sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, are described. Some antivenoms currently used are composed of whole IgGs, whereas others use F(ab’)2 fragments. The classic methods of attaining snake antivenoms are presented, in addition to new strategies to improve their effectiveness. Punctual changes in immunization protocols, in addition to the use of cross-reactivity between venoms from different snakes for the manufacture of more potent and widely used antivenoms, are presented. It is known that venoms are a complex mixture of components; however, advances in the field of antivenoms have shown that there are key toxins that, if effectively blocked, are capable of reversing the condition of in vivo envenomation. These studies provide an opportunity for the use of monoclonal antibodies in the development of new-generation antivenoms. Thus, monoclonal antibodies and their fragments are described as a possible alternative for the production of antivenoms, regardless of the venom. This review also highlights the challenges associated with their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar Dias da Silva
- Immuchemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (W.D.S.); (F.C.V.P.)
| | - Sonia A. De Andrade
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Yuri Saladini
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Calheta Vieira Portaro
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (W.D.S.); (F.C.V.P.)
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7
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Valencia-Martínez H, Olamendi-Portugal T, Restano-Cassulini R, Serrano-Posada H, Zamudio F, Possani LD, Riaño-Umbarila L, Becerril B. Characterization of Four Medically Important Toxins from Centruroides huichol Scorpion Venom and Its Neutralization by a Single Recombinant Antibody Fragment. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060369. [PMID: 35737030 PMCID: PMC9227038 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Centruroides huichol scorpion venom is lethal to mammals. Analysis of the venom allowed the characterization of four lethal toxins named Chui2, Chui3, Chui4, and Chui5. scFv 10FG2 recognized well all toxins except Chui5 toxin, therefore a partial neutralization of the venom was observed. Thus, scFv 10FG2 was subjected to three processes of directed evolution and phage display against Chui5 toxin until obtaining scFv HV. Interaction kinetic constants of these scFvs with the toxins were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as well as thermodynamic parameters of scFv variants bound to Chui5. In silico models allowed to analyze the molecular interactions that favor the increase in affinity. In a rescue trial, scFv HV protected 100% of the mice injected with three lethal doses 50 (LD50) of venom. Moreover, in mix-type neutralization assays, a combination of scFvs HV and 10FG2 protected 100% of mice injected with 5 LD50 of venom with moderate signs of intoxication. The ability of scFv HV to neutralize different toxins is a significant achievement, considering the diversity of the species of Mexican venomous scorpions, so this scFv is a candidate to be part of a recombinant anti-venom against scorpion stings in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valencia-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico; (H.V.-M.); (T.O.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (F.Z.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Timoteo Olamendi-Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico; (H.V.-M.); (T.O.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (F.Z.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Rita Restano-Cassulini
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico; (H.V.-M.); (T.O.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (F.Z.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Investigador por México, CONACyT-Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología-Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28627, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Zamudio
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico; (H.V.-M.); (T.O.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (F.Z.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Lourival D. Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico; (H.V.-M.); (T.O.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (F.Z.); (L.D.P.)
| | - Lidia Riaño-Umbarila
- Investigadora por México, CONACyT-Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.R.-U.); (B.B.); Tel.: +52-(777)-329-1669 (B.B.)
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Mexico; (H.V.-M.); (T.O.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (F.Z.); (L.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.-U.); (B.B.); Tel.: +52-(777)-329-1669 (B.B.)
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8
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Souza JB, Cardoso R, Almeida-Souza HO, Carvalho CP, Correia LIV, Faria PCB, Araujo GR, Mendes MM, Rodrigues RS, Rodrigues VM, Dandekar AM, Goulart LR, Nascimento R. Generation and In-planta expression of a recombinant single chain antibody with broad neutralization activity on Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1241-1251. [PMID: 32035152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The main systemic alterations present in bothropic envenomation are hemostasis disorders, for which the conventional treatment is based on animal-produced antiophidic sera. We have developed a neutralizing antibody against Bothrops pauloensis (B. pauloensis) venom, which is member of the genus most predominant in snakebite accidents in Brazil. Subsequently, we expressed this antibody in plants to evaluate its enzymatic and biological activities. The ability of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) molecules to inhibit fibrinogenolytic, azocaseinolytic, coagulant and hemorrhagic actions of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) contained in B. pauloensis venom was verified through proteolytic assays. The antibody neutralized the toxic effects of envenomation, particularly those related to systemic processes, by interacting with one of the predominant classes of metalloproteinases. This novel molecule is a potential tool with great antivenom potential and provides a biotechnological antidote to snake venom due to its broad neutralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Souza
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rone Cardoso
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Hebréia O Almeida-Souza
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila P Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias 11, 13418-310 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ian Veloso Correia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina B Faria
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Galber R Araujo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirian M Mendes
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos Rodrigues
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M Rodrigues
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Nascimento
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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9
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Abstract
Single chain variable fragments (scFvs) are generated by joining together the variable heavy and light chain of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) via a peptide linker. They offer some advantages over the parental mAb such as low molecular weight, heterologous production, multimeric form, and multivalency. The scFvs were produced against more than 50 antigens till date using 10 different plant species as the expression system. There were considerable improvements in the expression and purification strategies of scFv in the last 24 years. With the growing demand of scFv in therapeutic and diagnostic fields, its biosynthesis needs to be increased. The easiness in development, maintenance, and multiplication of transgenic plants make them an attractive expression platform for scFv production. The review intends to provide comprehensive information about the use of plant expression system to produce scFv. The developments, advantages, pitfalls, and possible prospects of improvement for the exploitation of plants in the industrial level are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padikara Kutty Satheeshkumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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