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Ma C, Huang J, Zheng Y, Na Y, Wei J, Shan J, Meng K, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wen Y, Ding J. Anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody modulates the dysregulation of Th1/Th17 cells and attenuates granuloma formation in sarcoidosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112360. [PMID: 38852524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease characterized by non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas. One of its immunological hallmarks is the differentiation of CD4 + naïve T cells into Th1/Th17 cells, accompanied by the release of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines. The TL1A/DR3 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in activating effector lymphocytes, thereby triggering pro-inflammatory responses. The primary aim of this investigation was to scrutinize the impact of anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody on the dysregulation of Th1/Th17 cells and granuloma formation in sarcoidosis. Initially, the abnormal activation of the TL1A/DR3 signaling pathway in pulmonary tissues of sarcoidosis patients was confirmed using qPCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. Subsequently, employing a murine model of sarcoidosis, the inhibitory effects of anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody on the TL1A/DR3 signaling pathway in sarcoidosis were investigated through qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot experiments. The influence of anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody on granulomas was assessed through HE staining, while their effects on sarcoidosis Th1/Th17 cells and associated cytokine mRNA levels were evaluated using flow cytometry and qPCR, respectively. Immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments corroborated the inhibitory effects of anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody on the aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in sarcoidosis. The findings of this study indicate that the TL1A/DR3 signaling pathway is excessively activated in sarcoidosis. Anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody effectively inhibit this abnormal activation in sarcoidosis, thereby alleviating the dysregulation of Th1/Th17 cells and reducing the formation of pulmonary granulomas. This effect may be associated with the inhibition of the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic intervention for sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Na
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Shan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaifang Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Wen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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Li Y, Jin F, Li T, Yang X, Cai W, Li S, Gao X, Mao N, Liu H, Xu H, Yang F. Minute Cellular Nodules as Early Lesions in Rats with Silica Exposure via Inhalation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060251. [PMID: 35737303 PMCID: PMC9227695 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of silicosis have yet to be clarified, and pathological conditions are inaccurately described in some experimental studies on silicosis. This study was aimed at describing initial lesions in silicosis, as observed in rats with silica exposure via inhalation, and major histopathologic alterations. Male Wistar rats were exposed to silica for 24 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated the presence of “cellular nodule+ macrophage alveolitis” in rats exposed to silica from the 2–16 weeks time points and “fibrotic cellular + cellular nodule” in rats exposed to silica via inhalation for 24 weeks. By immunohistochemistry, the following were noted: a continual increase in the positive expression of CD68 in macrophages in the lungs of rats exposed to silica; hyperplasia in alveolar type II cells (AT2); loss of original phenotypes in fibrotic cellular nodules, macrophages, and AT2 cells; loss of endothelial cells in silicotic nodules; and positive expression of α-smooth muscle actin in macrophages. Typical pathological changes in silicosis were also summarized. Among these changes were macrophage alveolitis, cellular nodules, and fibrotic cellular nodules, including an increase in minute cellular nodules in the early stages and the formation of fibrotic cellular nodules in the late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Xu
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +86-151-33967479 (H.X.); +86-188-32571018 (F.Y.)
| | - Fang Yang
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +86-151-33967479 (H.X.); +86-188-32571018 (F.Y.)
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Abdelrahman RS, Shawky NM. Trimetazidine, a metabolic modulator, attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and decreases lactate levels and LDH activity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23071. [PMID: 35403780 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis has been recently linked to metabolic dysregulation. Silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats was employed by the current study to explore the effects of trimetazidine (a metabolic modulator-antianginal drug; TMZ) on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intranasal instillation of silica (50 mg/100 µl/rat) in TMZ versus vehicle-treated rats. Body weights of rats, weights of lungs, and wet-to-dry lung weights were determined. Various parameters were also measured in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in addition to lung tissue homogenates. Moreover, histopathological examination of sectioned lungs for lesion score and distribution and histochemical detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues were also performed. No significant differences were observed in body weight gains, lung coefficients, lung weights, and wet-to-dry lung weight in silica versus control rats. Elevated lactate levels in serum and lung homogenates were significantly attenuated by TMZ. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase activity, transforming growth factor-β, and total proteins in BALF were significantly normalized with TMZ. Moreover, TMZ significantly increased reduced glutathione and adenosine triphosphate levels and decreased nitrate/nitrite and hydroxyproline content in lungs of silica-treated rats. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed more than 56% reduction in lesion score and distribution by TMZ. MPO expression in lungs of silica-treated rats was also significantly attenuated by TMZ. TMZ attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, an effect that could be mediated by suppressing anaerobic glycolysis-induced excessive lactate production. Regulation of oxidative stress could also play a role in TMZ-promoted protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Salum KCR, Castro MCS, Nani ÂSF, Kohlrausch FB. Is individual genetic susceptibility a link between silica exposure and development or severity of silicosis? A systematic review. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:375-387. [PMID: 33006295 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1825569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a lung disease of fibrotic nature resulting from the inhalation and deposition of dust containing crystalline silica. Subjects exposed to the same environmental factors may show distinct radiological manifestations, and since silicosis is known as a multifactorial disease, it is plausible that individual genetic susceptibility may play a role in the pathology. This review of the literature aims to provide an assessment of the present data on the genetic association studies in silicosis and describe the genes that potentially might influence silicosis susceptibility in silica-exposed individuals. METHODS We accessed the database of PubMed for articles published in English about interindividual genetic susceptibility to silicosis using terms related to the subject matter. RESULTS Following the evaluation process, 28 studies were included in this systematic review, including 23 original studies and 5 meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the advances in the knowledge of the importance of gene variations in silicosis, more studies need to be performed, in particular, special polygenic and genome-wide investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcos Cesar Santos Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Barzotto Kohlrausch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Zhou Z, Yan H, Liu Y, Xiao D, Li W, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Sun K, Zhang M, Lu M. Adipose-derived stem-cell-implanted poly(ϵ-caprolactone)/chitosan scaffold improves bladder regeneration in a rat model. Regen Med 2018; 13:331-342. [PMID: 29717628 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study investigated the feasibility of seeding adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) onto a poly(ϵ-caprolactone)/chitosan (PCL/CS) scaffold for bladder reconstruction using a rat model of bladder augmentation. MATERIALS & METHODS In the experimental group, the autologous ASCs were seeded onto the PCL/CS scaffold for bladder augmentation. An unseeded scaffold was used for bladder augmentation as control group. The sham group was also set. RESULT 8 weeks after implantation, more densely smooth muscles were detected in the experimental group with a larger bladder capacity and more intensive blood vessels. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that some of the smooth muscle cells were transdifferentiated from the ASCs. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that ASC-seeded PCL/CS may be a potential scaffold for bladder tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Mujun Lu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
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Lian X, Chen X, Sun J, An G, Li X, Wang Y, Niu P, Zhu Z, Tian L. MicroRNA-29b inhibits supernatants from silica-treated macrophages from inducing extracellular matrix synthesis in lung fibroblasts. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:878-888. [PMID: 30090550 PMCID: PMC6062342 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is pathologically characterized by diffused pulmonary fibrosis and abundant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The ECM is mainly secreted by myofibroblasts which are the activated state of fibroblasts. MicroRNA-29b (miR-29b) is one of the well-known microRNAs involved in fibrosis, but its roles in silicosis have not been specified. In this study, we hypothesized that miR-29b might play a protective role in the progression of silicosis. MTT assay, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied. The results demonstrated that the supernatants from silica-treated macrophages not only caused the proliferation of fibroblasts (NIH-3T3 and MRC-5) but were also involved in the down-regulation of miR-29b. Meanwhile they could induce fibroblast activation, increasing the expression of ECM components such as collagen1 and collagen3, in a silica dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-29b by transfecting mimics markedly reduced the expression of ECM components and inhibited ECM synthesis. These findings indicate that miR-29b inhibits the supernatants from silica-treated macrophages from inducing extracellular matrix synthesis, thus miR-29b might have a strong anti-fibrotic capacity in silicosis and serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Lian
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Jingping Sun
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Guoliang An
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Piye Niu
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 10 83911506
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing , 100069 , P.R. China
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Chen Y, Li C, Lu Y, Zhuang H, Gu W, Liu B, Liu F, Sun J, Yan B, Weng D, Chen J. IL-10-Producing CD1d hiCD5 + Regulatory B Cells May Play a Critical Role in Modulating Immune Homeostasis in Silicosis Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:110. [PMID: 28243231 PMCID: PMC5303715 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis, which are extremely harmful to human health. The pathogenesis of silicosis involves uncontrolled immune processes. Evidence supports that regulatory B cells (Bregs) produce negative regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, which can negatively regulate immune responses in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Our previous study found that IL-10-producing B cells were involved in the development of silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis of mice. However, little is known about the role of Bregs in silicosis patients (SP). In this study, we found that serum concentrations of IL-10 were significantly increased in SP by using protein array screening. We further determined that the frequency of IL-10-producing CD1dhiCD5+ Bregs, not IL-10-producing non-B lymphocytes, was significantly higher in SP compared to subjects under surveillance (SS) and healthy workers (HW) by flow cytometry. We also found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) were significantly increased in SP. Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were not significantly different between SP, SS, and HW. Our study indicated that IL-10-producing CD1dhiCD5+ Bregs might maintain Tregs and regulate Th1/Th2 polarization in SP, suggesting that IL-10-producing Bregs may play a critical role in modulating immune homeostasis in SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Huiying Zhuang
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Weijia Gu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jinkai Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang No. 9 Hospital , Shenyang , China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang No. 9 Hospital , Shenyang , China
| | - Dong Weng
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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Abstract
Silicosis is the most common pneumoconiosis globally, with higher prevalence and incidence in developing countries. To date, there is no effective treatment to halt or reverse the disease progression caused by silica-induced lung injury. Significant advances have to be made in order to reduce morbidity and mortality related to silicosis. In this review, we have highlighted the main mechanisms of action that cause lung damage by silica particles and summarized the data concerning the therapeutic promise of cell-based therapy for silicosis.
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Arafa MH, Mohamed DA, Atteia HH. Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:26-43. [PMID: 23900960 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYP) is one of the most widely used insecticides. It may become an air pollutant and adversely affect the health. The present study was designed to determine whether treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant, can be useful for the management of the deleterious effects of α-CYP on lung tissues. For this purpose, thirty two male rats were divided into four different groups (eight rats for each). Group (I) gavaged with corn oil (control group), group (II) gavaged daily with NAC (150 mg kg(-1) body weight), group (III) gavaged with α-CYP (14.5 mg kg(-1) body weight/day, dissolved in corn oil), group (IV) gavaged with NAC then with α-CYP 2 h later for 12 weeks. α-CYP significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pulmonary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) content in lung. It also provoked higher levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), lung interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hydroxyproline (Hyp) as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-К B) gene expression in lung tissues. Histopathological alterations in lung with congestion, cellular infiltration, necrotic changes and thickening of inter-alveolar septa were observed following α-CYP administration. NAC reduced the adverse effects of α-CYP on lung tissues and improved the histological architecture of lung since it showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on lung tissues. Our results indicate that NAC exerts a potent protective effect against α-CYP-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Hamed Arafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Government, Egypt
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Chen Y, Li C, Weng D, Song L, Tang W, Dai W, Yu Y, Liu F, Zhao M, Lu C, Chen J. Neutralization of interleukin-17A delays progression of silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 275:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghosh AK, Quaggin SE, Vaughan DE. Molecular basis of organ fibrosis: potential therapeutic approaches. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:461-81. [PMID: 23856899 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213489441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a non-physiological wound healing in multiple organs, is associated with end-stage pathological symptoms of a wide variety of vascular injury and inflammation related diseases. In response to chemical, immunological and physical insults, the body's defense system and matrix synthetic machinery respond to healing the wound and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled wound healing leads to scarring or fibrosis, a pathological condition characterized by excessive synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, loss of tissue homeostasis and organ failure. Understanding the actual cause of pathological wound healing and identification of igniter(s) of fibrogenesis would be helpful to design novel therapeutic approaches to control pathological wound healing and to prevent fibrosis related morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the significance of a few key cytokines (TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-10) transcriptional activators (Sp1, Egr-1, Smad3), repressors (Smad7, Fli-1, PPAR-γ, p53, Klotho) and epigenetic modulators (acetyltransferase, methyltransferases, deacetylases, microRNAs) involved in major matrix protein collagen synthesis under pathological stage of wound healing, and the potentiality of these regulators as therapeutic targets for fibrosis treatment. The significance of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and senescence, two newly emerged fields in fibrosis research, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute & Division of Nephrology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Do mesenchymal stem cells modulate the milieu of reconstructed bladder wall? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:483-93. [PMID: 23974130 PMCID: PMC3898129 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influence on cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in rat bladder wall regeneration. MSCs cultures from the bone marrow were established. Acellular matrices from the bladder submucosa were prepared. Bladders were reconstructed using cell-seeded (n = 5) and unseeded (n = 5) grafts. MSCs were injected into the bladder wall (n = 5), bladders were incised and MSCs were injected into the circulation (n = 5) or were left intact (n = 5). Animals were killed after 3 months. Bladder histology and immunohistochemical staining of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were done. Bladders reconstructed with cell-seeded grafts mimicked native tissue, while unseeded grafts revealed shrinkage and morphological irregularities. There were no morphological changes in bladders of other groups. Different pattern of cytokine and MMP expression was observed. Increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in bladder promotes detrusor regeneration.
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Sharawy MH, El-Agamy DS, Shalaby AA, Ammar ESM. Protective effects of methyl palmitate against silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Guo J, Gu N, Chen J, Shi T, Zhou Y, Rong Y, Zhou T, Yang W, Cui X, Chen W. Neutralization of interleukin-1 beta attenuates silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1963-1973. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yang G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Gao A, Niu P, Tian L. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 inhibits silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:103-8. [PMID: 23639248 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) has been shown to inhibit liver and renal fibrosis in in vivo and vitro studies. There is no study to investigate BMP-7's role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica. In the current study, we used the rat model to explore the potential antifibrotic role of BMP-7 and its underlying mechanism in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups. Control group received saline, silica group received silica and BMP-7 treated group received silica and BMP-7. BMP-7 was administered to silica-treated rats intraperitoneally at a dose of 300μg/kg/injection from day 8 to day 30 every other day. After the animals were sacrificed on day 15 and 30, hydroxyproline levels, the protein expressions of BMP/Smad and TGF-β/Smad signaling, and histopathology in lung tissues were analyzed. The hydroxyproline contents in BMP-7 treated groups were significantly lower than the silica groups (P<0.05). Histopathological results showed BMP-7 could reduce the progression of silica induced fibrosis. Furthermore, the expression of p-Smad1/5/8, a marker of BMP/Smad signaling, was significantly up-regulated in BMP-7 treated groups (P<0.05) compared with the silica groups. On the contrary, the expression of p-Smad2/3, a marker for TGF-β/Smad signaling, reduced significantly in BMP-7-treated groups compared with silica groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica in rats was significantly reduced with the therapeutic treatment of BMP-7. The antifibrotic effect of BMP-7 could be related to the activation of BMP/Smad signaling and inhibition of TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxia Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Chitra P, Saiprasad G, Manikandan R, Sudhandiran G. Berberine attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis via suppressing NF-κB dependant TGF-β activation: a biphasic experimental study. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:178-93. [PMID: 23523906 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, debilitating and fatal lung disorder with high mortality rate. Unfortunately, to date the treatment for IPF remains unsatisfying and in severe cases lung transplantations are performed as a therapeutic measure. Thus, it becomes great interest to find novel agents to treat IPF. Berberine, a plant alkaloid known for its broad pharmacological activities remains a remedy against multiple diseases. This study was hypothesized to investigate the antifibrotic potential of berberine against bleomycin-induced lung injury and fibrosis, a tentative animal model. Male wistar rats were subjected to single intratracheal instillation of 2.5 U/kg of bleomycin on day 0. Berberine treatments were either provided in preventive or therapeutic mode respectively. Berberine administration significantly ameliorated the bleomycin mediated histological alterations and reduced the inflammatory cell infiltrate in BALF. Berberine significantly blocked collagen accumulations with parallel reduction in the hydroxyproline level. The immunological sign of bleomycin stimulated mast cell deposition and histamine release were considerably reduced by berberine. Berberine enhanced the antioxidant status, through upregulating the redox sensing transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Berberine inhibited the bleomycin mediated activation of inflammatory mediator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and suppressed its downstream target inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Strikingly, berberine exhibited target attenuation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and key pro-fibrotic mediator, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Taken together, this study reveals the beneficial effects of berberine against bleomycin mediated fibrotic challenge through activating Nrf2 and suppressing NF-κB dependent inflammatory and TGF-β1 mediated fibrotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Chitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yao Y, Zhang J, Tan DQ, Chen XY, Ye DF, Peng JP, Li JT, Zheng YQ, Fang L, Li YK, Fan MX. Interferon-γ Improves Renal Interstitial Fibrosis and Decreases Intrarenal Vascular Resistance of Hydronephrosis in an Animal Model. Urology 2011; 77:761.e8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells depletion may attenuate the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15404. [PMID: 21072213 PMCID: PMC2972313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of silica dust characterized by lung inflammation and fibrosis. Previous study showed that Th1 and Th2 cytokines are involved in silicosis, but Th1/Th2 polarization during the development of silicosis is still a matter of debate. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) represent a crucial role in modulation of immune homeostasis by regulating Th1/Th2 polarization, but their possible implication in silicosis remains to be explored. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To evaluate the implication of Treg cells in the development of silicosis, we generated the Treg-depleted mice model by administration of anti-CD25 mAbs and mice were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation to establish experimental model of silica-induced lung fibrosis. The pathologic examinations show that the Treg-depleted mice are susceptive to severer inflammation in the early stage, with enhanced infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, depletion of Treg cells causes a delay of the progress of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice model. Further study of mRNA expression of cytokines reveals that depletion of Tregs leads to the increased production of Th1-cytokines and decreased production of Th2-cytokine. The Flow Cytometry and realtime PCR study show that Treg cells exert the modulation function both directly by expressing CTLA-4 at the inflammatory stage, and indirectly by secreting increasing amount of IL-10 and TGF-β during the fibrotic stage in silica-induced lung fibrosis. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our study suggests that depletion of Tregs may attenuate the progress of silica-induced lung fibrosis and enhance Th1 response and decelerate Th1/Th2 balance toward a Th2 phenotype in silica-induced lung fibrosis. The regulatory function of Treg cells may depend on direct mechanism and indirect mechanism during the inflammatory stage of silicosis.
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Sun Y, Yang F, Yan J, Li Q, Wei Z, Feng H, Wang R, Zhang L, Zhang X. New anti-fibrotic mechanisms of n-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in silicon dioxide-induced silicosis. Life Sci 2010; 87:232-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xin Wang, Lina Lv, Ying Chen, Jie Chen. A CD36 synthetic peptide inhibits silica-induced lung fibrosis in the mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:47-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709359274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a kind of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica dust, which is characterized by lung fibrosis. The biologically active form of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in the development of lung fibrosis. CD36 is involved in the transformation of latent TGF-β1 (L-TGF-β1) to active TGF-β1. The antagonistic effect of the synthetic peptide was analyzed by the administration of CD36 (93-110) synthetic peptide to the silicosis model of mice. The hydroxyproline content of the silica + CD36 (93-110) synthetic peptide group was significantly lower than that of the other experimental groups [silica and silica + CD36 (208-225) synthetic peptide groups] (p < .05). Inflammation, fibrotic degree and distribution of collagen fibers in silicotic nodules of the silica + CD36 (93-110) synthetic peptide group were less than those of the other experimental groups. The expressions of collagen I and III of the silica + CD36 (93-110) synthetic peptide group were significantly lower than those of the other experimental groups (p < .05). CD36 (93-110) synthetic peptide reduced the tissue fibrotic pathologies and collagen accumulation in the silicosis model of mice, resulting in the decreased severity of silica-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lina Lv
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China,
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Wang X, Chen Y, Lv L, Chen J. Inhibition of latent transforming growth factor-beta1 activation by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting the CD36 gene in NR8383 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:1649-55. [PMID: 19513812 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CD36, a cell surface receptor for thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), is believed to interact with latent transforming growth factor-beta1 (L-TGF-beta1) thereby activating its fibrogenic bioactivity. In this study, a lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the rat CD36 gene (Lv-shCD36) is developed and tested. To observe the inhibitory effect of Lv-shCD36 on the activation of L-TGF-beta1, a rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383), infected with either Lv-shCD36 or Lv-shCD36-NC (non-silenced control lentivirus), was treated with 0.1 microg/ml bleomycin, which is known to stimulate alveolar macrophages to release increasing amounts of TGF-beta1. The results show that Lv-shCD36 can suppress expression of CD36 mRNA and protein in bleomycin-treated NR8383 cells. By quantifying active and total TGF-beta1 in the supernatant, it was discovered that the quantity of total TGF-beta1 is not significantly different between the three groups, while the quantity and percent of active TGF-beta1 in the Lv-shCD36 group was significantly lower than in either the bleomycin-treated group or the Lv-shCD36-NC group, respectively (P < 0.05). These results suggest that Lv-shCD36 can inhibit activation of L-TGF-beta1 secreted in bleomycin-treated NR8383 cells by decreasing the expression of CD36 on the cell membrane, thereby reducing binding of CD36 to TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Chen Y, Lv L, Chen J. Silencing CD36 gene expression results in the inhibition of latent-TGF-beta1 activation and suppression of silica-induced lung fibrosis in the rat. Respir Res 2009; 10:36. [PMID: 19439069 PMCID: PMC2698900 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The biologically active form of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in the development of lung fibrosis. CD36 is involved in the transformation of latent TGF-β1 (L-TGF-β1) to active TGF-β1. To clarify the role of CD36 in the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis, a rat silicosis model was used to observe both the inhibition of L-TGF-β1 activation and the antifibrotic effect obtained by lentiviral vector silencing of CD36 expression. Methods The rat silicosis model was induced by intratracheal injection of 10 mg silica per rat and CD36 expression was silenced by administration of a lentiviral vector (Lv-shCD36). The inhibition of L-TGF-β1 activation was examined using a CCL-64 mink lung epithelial growth inhibition assay, while determination of hydroxyproline content along with pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were used for observation of the inhibition of silica-induced lung fibrosis. Results The lentiviral vector (Lv-shCD36) silenced expression of CD36 in alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the activation of L-TGF-β1 in the BALF was inhibited by Lv-shCD36. The hydroxyproline content of silica+Lv-shCD36 treated groups was significantly lower than in other experimental groups. The degree of fibrosis in the silica+Lv-shCD36-treated groups was less than observed in other experimental groups. The expression of collagen I and III in the silica+Lv-shCD36-treated group was significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. Conclusion These results indicate that silencing expression of CD36 can result in the inhibition of L-TGF-β1 activation in a rat silicosis model, thus further preventing the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Attik G, Brown R, Jackson P, Creutzenberg O, Aboukhamis I, Rihn BH. Internalization, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Various Dusts Occurring in the Ceramics Industry. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:1101-12. [DOI: 10.1080/08958370802136731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wu F, Qu Y, Tang Y, Cao D, Sun P, Xia Z. Lack of association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese iron miners. J Occup Health 2008; 50:445-54. [PMID: 18931463 DOI: 10.1539/joh.l8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease produced by the inhalation and deposition of silica dust. The association between silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has been well established. Cytokines participate in the development and progression of silicosis and PTB. Functional polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been identified that alter cytokine production. The aims of the current investigation were to determine whether functional polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene at position -308; in the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) gene at positions -509, +869 (codon 10), and +915 (codon 25); in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene at position -1,082, -819 and -592; and in the intron 1 of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene at position +874 are associated with silicosis and PTB. We conducted a case-control study with 183 silicosis patients and 111 silica-exposed miners, and a 1:2 matched case-control study of 61 PTB cases and 122 PTB-free miners. Genotype analysis was performed on genomic DNA, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. There was complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the -819C and -592C alleles of the IL-10 gene. The genotype frequencies were similar between cases and control subjects for all investigated cytokine polymorphisms (p>0.05). We did not find an association between the different genotypes and severity of silicosis. We assume that these genetic variants do not play a dominant role in silicosis and PTB in our Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
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Chen Y, Wang X, Weng D, Tao S, Lv L, Chen J. A TSP-1 functional fragment inhibits activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta1 derived from rat alveolar macrophage after bleomycin treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 61:67-73. [PMID: 18722097 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic antibiotic, bleomycin, is known to induce a well-recognized model of lung fibrosis. Active transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays a key role in lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin, TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) being critical to the activation of L (latent)-TGF-beta1 by virtue of an association of the TSP-1/L-TGF-beta1 complex with CD36, involving the sequence CSVTCG of the TSP-1 functional fragment. To observe the inhibitory effects of TSP-1 functional fragments, critical for CD36 binding, on the activation of L-TGF-beta1, we isolated alveolar macrophages from Wistar rat lungs 7 days after bleomycin administration (5mg/kg body weight) and cultured the cells with or without TSP-1 functional or control fragments. We observed a cell surface association of TGF-beta1 with CD36 by immunofluorescence and quantified the active and total TGF-beta1 by ELISA. The co-localization of CD36 with TGF-beta1, shown by a yellow fluorescence deriving from a mixture of the green and red of the two components, for the TSP-1 functional fragment groups was clearly less than that of the TSP-1 control fragment groups. The quantities and the percentages of active TGF-beta1 in the TSP-1 functional fragment groups were lower than those in the TSP-1 control fragment groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These findings suggest that TSP-1 functional fragments could inhibit the activation of L-TGF-beta1 secreted by activated alveolar macrophages through blocking the binding of TSP-1 to CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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Chen Y, Wang X, Weng D, Tian L, Lv L, Tao S, Chen J. A TSP-1 synthetic peptide inhibits bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 61:59-65. [PMID: 18579356 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin showed toxicity to lung and was recognized to induce a well model of lung fibrosis. Activated alveolar macrophages released increased amounts of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) in response to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) was involved in the activation of latent TGF-beta1(L-TGF-beta1) through the association of the TSP-1/L-TGF-beta1 complex with the cell receptor of TSP-1, CD36. The antagonistic effects of the synthetic peptides were studied by the administration of TSP-1 (447-452) synthetic peptides to the mouse model. The hydroxyproline contents of the TSP-1-treated groups were significantly lower than those of other experimental groups. Inflammation, fibrotic degree and distribution of collagen fibers in the interstitial and alveolar in the TSP-1-treated groups were less than those of the other experimental groups. The expressions of collagen I and III in TSP-1-treated groups were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. TSP-1 synthetic peptide reduced the tissue fibrotic pathologies and collagen accumulation in the model, resulting in the decreased severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is compelling evidence that the immune responses induced by crystalline silica particles are implicated in the development of silicosis. This article reviews recent observations which further delineate how innate and adaptive immunity are involved in this lung disease. RECENT FINDINGS First, silica particles are recognized to have pathogen-associated molecular patterns by the innate immune system. The MARCO receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages appears crucial for the recognition and the uptake of silica as well as the activation of these immune cells in silicosis. Additional data support a major role of inflammation (mast cells, B lymphocytes and TNFalpha) in the development of lung fibrosis but also cancer. Silica-induced acute inflammation is accompanied by thrombosis; strongly suggesting that inhaled silica particles may also induce extrapulmonary lesions. Surprisingly, a pronounced anti-inflammatory reaction may also contribute to silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice and represent an additional etiopathogenic pathway of silicosis. Interestingly, it has been proposed that the pulmonary expression of IL-9 (a T lymphocyte-related interleukin) or Heme oxygenase-1 (an anti-inflammatory molecule) attenuated silicotic disease progression in animals. SUMMARY New pathogenic routes involving innate receptors and antiinflammation as well as new antifibrotic immune mediators have been recently described in experimental silicosis, highlighting new potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Huaux
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Hagiwara S, Iwasaka H, Matsumoto S, Noguchi T. Introduction of antisense oligonucleotides to heat shock protein 47 prevents pulmonary fibrosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumopathy of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564:174-80. [PMID: 17400207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2006] [Revised: 02/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) confers high morbidity, and in part due to pulmonary fibrosis. The 47-kDa heat shock protein 47 (HSP 47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that has been shown to play a major role in the processing and secretion of procollagen. We examined the effect of antisense oligonucleotides against HSP 47 in Wistar rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. These rats expressed heat shock protein (HSP) 47 and collagen in response to LPS. The distribution of HSP 47 was similar to that of collagen, and all control rats displayed pulmonary fibrosis after intratracheal administration of 20 mg/kg LPS alone. Antisense oligonucleotides (100 nmol/kg dissolved in saline) were administered with the LPS among experimental subjects. Subsequent immunoblot analysis confirmed the inhibition of HSP 47 by the administration of antisense oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides significantly improved pulmonary fibrosis among those rats administered LPS, but the oligonucletides themselves did not produce any significant changes in the behavior or histology of the lungs among control rats. These findings suggest that HSP 47 antisense oligonucleotides improve lung fibrosis among rats with LPS-induced pneumopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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Misson P, Brombacher F, Delos M, Lison D, Huaux F. Type 2 immune response associated with silicosis is not instrumental in the development of the disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L107-13. [PMID: 16997884 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00503.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the development of lung fibrosis is associated with a T helper type 2 response, mainly characterized by IL-4 and IL-13 production. We investigated the potential role of type 2 immune polarization in the silicotic process and examined the pulmonary response to silica particles in mice genetically deficient for IL-4. We found that IL-4−/− mice were not protected against the development of silicosis, suggesting that IL-4 is not essential for the development of this fibrotic disease. By evaluating the intensity of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice deficient for IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), we showed that the establishment of pulmonary fibrosis was independent of both IL-4 and IL-13. Strong impairment of the type 2 immune response (IgG1) in the lungs of IL-4−/− and IL-4Rα−/− mice did not affect the development of the disease. Measurement of IL-13α2 receptor expression and IgG2a, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ levels in silica-treated IL-4−/− and IL-4Rα−/− animals showed that the development of silicosis was not related to an IL-13 signaling pathway or a switch to a type 1 response in deficient animals. Our data clearly indicate that the type 2 immune response associated with silicosis in mice is not required for the development of this inflammatory and fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Misson
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, 53.02 Ave. E. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Davis GS, Pfeiffer LM, Hemenway DR, Rincon M. Interleukin-12 is not essential for silicosis in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2006; 3:2. [PMID: 16396683 PMCID: PMC1360681 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis features foci of inflammation where macrophages and lymphocytes precede and accompany fibroblast proliferation, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and increased deposition of connective tissue matrix material. In the mouse following silica inhalation there is recruitment of natural killer-, B-, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes to the alveolar spaces, enlargement of bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT), and aggregation of lymphocytes surrounding small airways and blood vessels. A substantial fraction of the recruited lung lymphocytes produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IFN-gamma gene-deleted mice develop less silicosis than wild-type mice. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an important pathway for driving the adaptive immune response towards a TH1-like phenotype. We hypothesized that IL-12 might stimulate lymphocyte activation and the up-regulation of IFN-gamma, and consequently be an essential mediator for silicosis. RESULTS C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-12 deficient (IL-12 KO) mice were exposed to sham-air or crystobalite silica (61 mg/m3) by inhalation for 5 hours/day for 12 days and then studied from 1 to 112 days after exposure. Mice exposed to sham-air had normal lung histology at all time points. WT mice exposed to titanium dioxide (72 mg/m3) showed pulmonary macrophage recruitment but no increase in lung collagen. Both WT and IL-12 KO mice exposed to silica showed similar progressive lung pathology, increased wet lung weight and increased total lung collagen (hydroxyproline). IL-12 p35 mRNA was not increased in either strain after silica exposure; IL-12 p40 mRNA was up-regulated after silica in WT mice and constitutively absent in the IL-12 KO mice. IL-18 mRNA was not increased after silica exposure. The expression of IL-15 (an important driver for innate immunity, Natural Killer cell activation, and IFN-gamma production) was abundant in air-exposed mice and was increased slightly in the lungs of mice with silicosis. CONCLUSION The axis of IL-12 driving IFN-gamma production is not essential for the full manifestations of silicosis in mice exposed to a crystobalite silica aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Davis
- Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Linda M Pfeiffer
- Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - David R Hemenway
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mercedes Rincon
- Immunobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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