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Melones-Herrero J, Alcalá S, Ruiz-Cañas L, Benítez-Buelga C, Batres-Ramos S, Calés C, Lorenzo O, Perona R, Quiroga AG, Sainz B, Sánchez-Pérez I. Platinum iodido drugs show potential anti-tumor activity, affecting cancer cell metabolism and inducing ROS and senescence in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:353. [PMID: 38519773 PMCID: PMC10959927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has associated clinical disadvantages, such as high toxicity and resistance. Thus, the development of new antitumor metallodrugs able to overcome different clinical barriers is a public healthcare priority. Here, we studied the mechanism of action of the isomers trans and cis-[PtI2(isopropylamine)2] (I5 and I6, respectively) against gastrointestinal cancer cells. We demonstrate that I5 and I6 modulate mitochondrial metabolism, decreasing OXPHOS activity and negatively affecting ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate. Consequently, I5 and I6 generated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), provoking oxidative damage and eventually the induction of senescence. Thus, herein we propose a loop with three interconnected processes modulated by these iodido agents: (i) mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruptions; (ii) ROS generation and oxidative damage; and (iii) cellular senescence. Functionally, I5 reduces cancer cell clonogenicity and tumor growth in a pancreatic xenograft model without systemic toxicity, highlighting a potential anticancer complex that warrants additional pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Melones-Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer (BioPAC) Group. Area 3 Cancer -Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer (BioPAC) Group. Area 3 Cancer -Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer (BioPAC) Group. Area 3 Cancer -Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Benítez-Buelga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Batres-Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer (BioPAC) Group. Area 3 Cancer -Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmela Calés
- Department of Biochemistry. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jimenez Díaz, CIBERDEM, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área Rare Diseases, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adoración G Quiroga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Sciences, IAdChem, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer (BioPAC) Group. Area 3 Cancer -Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área Cáncer, CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale" IIBM-CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer (BioPAC) Group. Area 3 Cancer -Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área Rare Diseases, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Olaya‐Abril A, Biełło K, Rodríguez‐Caballero G, Cabello P, Sáez LP, Moreno‐Vivián C, Luque‐Almagro VM, Roldán MD. Bacterial tolerance and detoxification of cyanide, arsenic and heavy metals: Holistic approaches applied to bioremediation of industrial complex wastes. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14399. [PMID: 38206076 PMCID: PMC10832572 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic compound that is found in wastewaters generated from different industrial activities, such as mining or jewellery. These residues usually contain high concentrations of other toxic pollutants like arsenic and heavy metals that may form different complexes with cyanide. To develop bioremediation strategies, it is necessary to know the metabolic processes involved in the tolerance and detoxification of these pollutants, but most of the current studies are focused on the characterization of the microbial responses to each one of these environmental hazards individually, and the effect of co-contaminated wastes on microbial metabolism has been hardly addressed. This work summarizes the main strategies developed by bacteria to alleviate the effects of cyanide, arsenic and heavy metals, analysing interactions among these toxic chemicals. Additionally, it is discussed the role of systems biology and synthetic biology as tools for the development of bioremediation strategies of complex industrial wastes and co-contaminated sites, emphasizing the importance and progress derived from meta-omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya‐Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Karolina Biełło
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Gema Rodríguez‐Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Purificación Cabello
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Lara P. Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Conrado Moreno‐Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Víctor Manuel Luque‐Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de RabanalesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
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Pereira LM, Portapilla GB, Brancini GTP, Possato B, Bronzon da Costa CM, Abreu-Filho PG, Wainwright M, Yatsuda AP, Braga GÚL. The potential of phenothiazinium dyes as cytotoxicity markers in cisplatin-treated cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10203. [PMID: 37353536 PMCID: PMC10290130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the in vitro toxicity of compounds on cell cultures is an important step during the screening of candidate molecules for diverse applications. Among the strategies employed to determine cytotoxicity, MTT, neutral red, and resazurin are commonly used. Methylene blue (MB), a phenothiazinium salt, has several uses, such as dye, redox indicator, and even as treatment for human disease and health conditions, such as malaria and methemoglobinemia. However, MB has only been sparsely used as a cellular toxicity indicator. As a viability indicator, MB is mostly applied to fixed cultures at high concentrations, especially when compared to MTT or neutral red. Here we show that MB and its related compounds new methylene blue (NMB), toluidine blue O (TBO), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) can be used as cytotoxicity indicators in live (non-fixed) cells treated for 72 h with DMSO and cisplatin. We compared dye uptake between phenothiazinium dyes and neutral red by analyzing supernatant and cell content via visible spectra scanning and microscopy. All dyes showed a similar ability to assess cell toxicity compared to either MTT or neutral red. Our method represents a cost-effective alternative to in vitro cytotoxicity assays using cisplatin or DMSO, indicating the potential of phenothiazinium dyes for the screening of candidate drugs and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Gisele Bulhões Portapilla
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Thomaz Pereira Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Possato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cássia Mariana Bronzon da Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Péricles Gama Abreu-Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Ana Patrícia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Bromatológicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Bromatológicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8122. [PMID: 35897696 PMCID: PMC9368024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The relentless, protracted evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposes tremendous pressure on herd immunity and demands versatile adaptations by the human host genome to counter transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic alterations associated with a wide range of short- and long-term manifestations during acute infection and post-acute recovery, respectively. To promote viral replication during active infection and viral persistence, the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein regulates host cell microenvironment including pH and ion concentrations to maintain a high oxidative environment that supports template switching, causing extensive mitochondrial damage and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial distress induce dynamic changes to both the host and viral RNA m6A methylome, and can trigger the derepression of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1), resulting in global hypomethylation, epigenetic changes, and genomic instability. The timely application of melatonin during early infection enhances host innate antiviral immune responses by preventing the formation of "viral factories" by nucleocapsid liquid-liquid phase separation that effectively blockades viral genome transcription and packaging, the disassembly of stress granules, and the sequestration of DEAD-box RNA helicases, including DDX3X, vital to immune signaling. Melatonin prevents membrane depolarization and protects cristae morphology to suppress glycolysis via antioxidant-dependent and -independent mechanisms. By restraining the derepression of LINE1 via multifaceted strategies, and maintaining the balance in m6A RNA modifications, melatonin could be the quintessential ancient molecule that significantly influences the outcome of the constant struggle between virus and host to gain transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic dominance over the host genome during acute infection and PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Song W, Han Q, Wan Y, Qian X, Wei M, Jiang Y, Wang Q. Repeated measurements of 21 urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds and their associations with three selected oxidative stress biomarkers in 0-7-year-old healthy children from south and central China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132065. [PMID: 34496338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are extensively and concurrently exposed to multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs, including some Class I human carcinogens), which may induce oxidative stress in human body. Data on urinary metabolites of VOCs (mVOCs) among young children are limited. No studies have examined their inter-day variability of mVOCs and their associations with oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) using repeated urine samples from children. In this study, we measured twenty one mVOCs and three OSBs [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; for DNA), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG; for RNA], and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNEMA; for lipid)] in 390 urine samples of 130 children (three samples on three consecutive days provided by each participant) aged 0-7 years from September 2018 to January 2019 in Shenzhen, south China, and Wuhan, central China. HPMMA (3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl mercapturic acid/N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-l-cysteine), 3HPMA (3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid/N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine), and ATCA (2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid) had higher specific gravity-adjusted median concentrations (1 383, 286, and 273 μg/L, respectively) than the others. Intraclass correlation coefficients of mVOCs ranged from 0.29 to 0.71. After false-discovery rate (FDR, defined as FDR q-value < 0.05) adjustment, linear mixed-effects models revealed that 14 mVOCs were positively associated with 8-OHdG (β range: 0.09-0.37), 11 mVOCs were positively associated with 8-OHG (β range: 0.08-0.30), and 11 mVOCs were positively associated with HNEMA (β range: 0.21-0.70) in urine. Considering the weight of the mVOC index accounted for the associations, based on the weighted quantile sum regression model, parent compounds of DHBMA (3,4-dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid/N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-l-cysteine) and t,t-MA (trans,trans-muconic acid) should be listed as priority VOCs for management to mitigate health risks. For the first time, this study characterized the inter-day variability of urinary mVOCs and their associations with selected OSBs (8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and NHEMA) in young, healthy Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Qing Han
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Muhong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Nanshan District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518054, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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Guo L, Chen S, Ou L, Li S, Ye ZN, Liu HF. Disrupted Alpha-Ketoglutarate Homeostasis: Understanding Kidney Diseases from the View of Metabolism and Beyond. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1961-1974. [PMID: 35783031 PMCID: PMC9248815 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s369090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key intermediate of various metabolic pathways including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, anabolic and catabolic reactions of amino acids, and collagen biosynthesis. Meanwhile, AKG also participates in multiple signaling pathways related to cellular redox regulation, epigenetic processes, and inflammation response. Emerging evidence has shown that kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury are associated with metabolic disorders. In consistence with metabolic role of AKG, further metabolomics study demonstrated a dysregulated AKG level in kidney diseases. Intriguingly, earlier studies during the years of 1980s and 1990s indicated that AKG may benefit wound healing and surgery recovery. Recently, interests on AKG are arising again due to its protective roles on healthy ageing, which may shed light on developing novel therapeutic strategies against age-related diseases including renal diseases. This review will summarize the physiological and pathological properties of AKG, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with a special emphasis on kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhen-Nan Ye; Hua-Feng Liu, Email ;
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
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Qian X, Wan Y, Wang A, Xia W, Yang Z, He Z, Xu S. Urinary metabolites of multiple volatile organic compounds among general population in Wuhan, central China: Inter-day reproducibility, seasonal difference, and their associations with oxidative stress biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117913. [PMID: 34426205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
General population are concurrently and extensively exposed to many volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including some Group 1 human carcinogens, such as 1,3-butadiene. However, only a few studies assessed internal exposure levels of VOCs; particularly, very limited studies have examined associations between the urinary concentrations of multiple VOC metabolites (mVOCs) and oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) among the general population. In this study, 21 mVOCs and three OSBs including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; for DNA), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG; for RNA), and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNEMA; for lipid) were measured in 406 urine samples collected from 128 healthy adults during autumn and winter of 2018 in Wuhan, central China, including repeated samples taken in 3 d from 75 volunteers. Inter-day reproducibility for most mVOCs was good to excellent; urinary concentrations of mVOCs in winter were generally higher than those in autumn. Risk assessment was conducted by calculating hazard quotients for the parent compounds, and the results suggested that acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, and cyanide should be considered as high-priority hazardous ones for management. After false-discovery adjustment, 16 of the studied mVOCs were positively associated with 8-OHdG and 8-OHG (β values ranged from 0.04 to 0.48), and four mVOCs were positively associated with HNEMA (β values ranged from 0.21 to 0.78). Weighted quantile sum regression analyses were used to assess associations of mVOC mixture and OSBs, and we found significantly positive associations between the mixture index and OSBs, among which the strongest mVOC contributors for the associations were 2-methylhippuric acid for both DNA (20%) and RNA (17%) oxidative damage, and trans,trans-muconic acid (50%) for lipid peroxidation. This study firstly reported good to excellent short-term reproducibility, seasonal difference in autumn and winter, and possible health risk in urinary concentrations of multiple mVOCs among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | | | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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Pinheiro CVG, da Silva WMB, Rodrigues JPV, Rocha YM, Teixeira MJ, de Oliveira RN, de Souza NV, Nicolete R. Anti-Leishmania infantum in vitro effect of n-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole and its ADME/TOX parameters. J Parasit Dis 2021; 46:317-322. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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9
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Figurová D, Tokárová K, Greifová H, Knížatová N, Kolesárová A, Lukáč N. Inflammation, It's Regulation and Antiphlogistic Effect of the Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin. Molecules 2021; 26:5972. [PMID: 34641516 PMCID: PMC8512454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction accompanies in part or in full any disease process in the vascularized metazoan. This complicated reaction is controlled by regulatory mechanisms, some of which produce unpleasant symptomatic manifestations of inflammation. Therefore, there has been an effort to develop selective drugs aimed at removing pain, fever, or swelling. Gradually, however, serious adverse side effects of such inhibitors became apparent. Scientific research has therefore continued to explore new possibilities, including naturally available substances. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside present, e.g., in bitter almonds. This glycoside has already sparked many discussions among scientists, especially about its anticancer potential and related toxic cyanides. However, toxicity at different doses made it generally unacceptable. Although amygdalin given at the correct oral dose may not lead to poisoning, it has not yet been accurately quantified, as its action is often affected by different intestinal microbial consortia. Its pharmacological activities have been studied, but its effects on the body's inflammatory response are lacking. This review discusses the chemical structure, toxicity, and current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of amygdalin activity on immune functions, including the anti-inflammatory effect, but also discusses inflammation as such, its mediators with diverse functions, which are usually targeted by drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.F.); (H.G.); (N.K.); (A.K.); (N.L.)
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10
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Zuhra K, Szabo C. The two faces of cyanide: an environmental toxin and a potential novel mammalian gasotransmitter. FEBS J 2021; 289:2481-2515. [PMID: 34297873 PMCID: PMC9291117 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is traditionally viewed as a cytotoxic agent, with its primary mode of action being the inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). However, recent studies demonstrate that the effect of cyanide on Complex IV in various mammalian cells is biphasic: in lower concentrations (nanomolar to low micromolar) cyanide stimulates Complex IV activity, increases ATP production and accelerates cell proliferation, while at higher concentrations (high micromolar to low millimolar) it produces the previously known (‘classic’) toxic effects. The first part of the article describes the cytotoxic actions of cyanide in the context of environmental toxicology, and highlights pathophysiological conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas colonization) where bacterially produced cyanide exerts deleterious effects to the host. The second part of the article summarizes the mammalian sources of cyanide production and overviews the emerging concept that mammalian cells may produce cyanide, in low concentrations, to serve biological regulatory roles. Cyanide fulfills many of the general criteria as a ‘classical’ mammalian gasotransmitter and shares some common features with the current members of this class: nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Mixed Salts of Cobalt (II) with Ketoand Mercaptocarboxylic Acids – A Novel Potential Type of Antidote for Cyanides. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Glaros T, Dhummakupt ES, Rizzo GM, McBride E, Carmany DO, Wright LKM, Forster JS, Renner JA, Moretz RW, Dorsey R, Marten MR, Huso W, Doan A, Dorsey CD, Phillips C, Benton B, Mach PM. Discovery of treatment for nerve agents targeting a new metabolic pathway. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3249-3264. [PMID: 32720192 PMCID: PMC7415758 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is regarded as the primary toxic mechanism of action for chemical warfare agents. Recently, there have been numerous reports suggesting that metabolic processes could significantly contribute to toxicity. As such, we applied a multi-omics pipeline to generate a detailed cascade of molecular events temporally occurring in guinea pigs exposed to VX. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling resulted in the identification of several enzymes and metabolic precursors involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle. All lines of experimental evidence indicated that there was a blockade of the TCA cycle at isocitrate dehydrogenase 2, which converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. Using a primary beating cardiomyocyte cell model, we were able to determine that the supplementation of α-ketoglutarate subsequently rescued cells from the acute effects of VX poisoning. This study highlights the broad impacts that VX has and how understanding these mechanisms could result in new therapeutics such as α-ketoglutarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Glaros
- Research and Technology Directorate, BioSciences Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Building E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA.
- BioSciences Division, B11 Bioenergy and Biome Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, SM30, Mailstop E529, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Dhummakupt
- Research and Technology Directorate, BioSciences Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Building E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Rizzo
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Ave, Suite 360, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Ethan McBride
- Research and Technology Directorate, BioSciences Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Building E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, NRC Research Associateship Programs, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Daniel O Carmany
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Ave, Suite 360, Springfield, VA, 22150, USA
| | - Linnzi K M Wright
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Jeffry S Forster
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Julie A Renner
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Ruth W Moretz
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Russell Dorsey
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Mark R Marten
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Engineering Building, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walker Huso
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Engineering Building, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Doan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Engineering Building, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carrie D Dorsey
- Kirk U.S. Army Health Clinic, 6455 Machine Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21005, USA
| | - Christopher Phillips
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Bernard Benton
- Research and Technology Directorate, Toxicology and Obscurants Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Research and Technology Directorate, BioSciences Division, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Building E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Gunpowder, MD, 21010, USA.
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13
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Neuromodulatory activity of trèvo on cyanide-induced neurotoxicity viz neurochemical, antioxidants, cytochrome C oxidase and p53. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Jaswal V, Palanivelu J, C R. Effects of the Gut microbiota on Amygdalin and its use as an anti-cancer therapy: Substantial review on the key components involved in altering dose efficacy and toxicity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:125-132. [PMID: 29872744 PMCID: PMC5986699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is popularly used due to side-effects and failure of approved methods, for diseases like Epilepsy and Cancer. Amygdalin, a cyanogenic diglycoside is commonly administered for cancer with other CAM therapies like vitamins and seeds of fruits like apricots and bitter almonds, due to its ability to hydrolyse to hydrogen cyanide (HCN), benzaldehyde and glucose. Over the years, several cases of cyanide toxicity on ingestion have been documented. In-vitro and in-vivo studies using various doses and modes of administration, like IV administration studies that showed no HCN formation, point to the role played by the gut microbiota for the commonly seen poisoning on consumption. The anaerobic Bacteriodetes phylum found in the gut has a high β-glucosidase activity needed for amygdalin hydrolysis to HCN. However, there are certain conditions under which these HCN levels rise to cause toxicity. Case studies have shown toxicity on ingestion of variable doses of amygdalin and no HCN side-effects on consumption of high doses. This review shows how factors like probiotic and prebiotic consumption, other CAM therapies, obesity, diet, age and the like, that alter gut consortium, are responsible for the varying conditions under which toxicity occurs and can be further studied to set-up conditions for safe oral doses. It also indicates ways to delay or quickly treat cyanide toxicity due to oral administration and, reviews conflicts on amygdalin's anti-cancer abilities, dose levels, mode of administration and pharmacokinetics that have hindered its official acceptance at a therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramalingam C
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Nakashita Y, Sano T, Yoshioka H, Shimada T, Hori R, Usami M, Hamada Y. Nonconcordant regulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the kidneys of 5/6 nephrectomized mice. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2018; 64:255-261. [PMID: 28954992 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.64.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia induces nonconcordant regulation of renal mitochondrial respiratory complexes, increases oxidative stress, and causes diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension is a complication associated with diabetes and involves glomerular hyperfiltration, the effects of which on mitochondrial respiratory complexes are not well understood. To investigate the effect of glomerular hyperfiltration on renal mitochondrial respiratory complexes, we used the 5/6 nephrectomized BKS. Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J, Dock7m+/+Leprdb mice (db/m-5/6Nx mice) as a model for glomerular hyperfiltration. The BKS. Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/J, +Leprdb/+Leprdb mice (db/db mice), a model for type 2 diabetes, was used as the positive control. We investigated the activities and protein levels of the mitochondrial complex, and the mitochondrial DNA and adenosine triphosphate content in the kidneys of these models. Blood chemistry and renal histopathological examination were performed for characterization of the disease. Both models showed expansion of the mesangial matrix of the glomeruli, which is indicative of glomerular hyperfiltration. The activities of complexes I and IV and the protein levels of complexes I and III were nonconcordant in db/m-5/6Nx mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that nonconcordant regulation of mitochondrial complexes in db/m-5/6Nx mice involved with glomerular hyperfiltration. The progression and/or severity of nephropathy might be affected through a synergistic effect of mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration. J. Med. Invest. 64: 255-261, August, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Nakashita
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.,Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Tomoya Sano
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Hiroaki Yoshioka
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Tomoki Shimada
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Ryotaro Hori
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Yasuhiro Hamada
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School.,Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University Hospital
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16
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Bhattacharya R, Singh P, John JJ, Gujar NL. Oxidative damage mediated iNOS and UCP-2 upregulation in rat brain after sub-acute cyanide exposure: dose and time-dependent effects. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:577-584. [PMID: 29609494 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1451876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide-induced chemical hypoxia is responsible for pronounced oxidative damage in the central nervous system. The disruption of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism has been associated with upregulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs). The present study addresses the dose- and time-dependent effect of sub-acute cyanide exposure on various non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress markers and their correlation with inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) expression. Animals received (oral) triple distilled water (vehicle control), 0.25 LD50 potassium cyanide (KCN) or 0.50 LD50 KCN daily for 21 d. Animals were sacrificed on 7, 14 and 21 d post-exposure to measure serum cyanide and nitrite, and brain malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CA) levels, together with iNOS and UCP-2 expression, and DNA damage. The study revealed that a dose- and time-dependent increase in cyanide concentration was accompanied by corresponding CCO inhibition and elevated MDA levels. Decrease in GSH levels was not followed by reciprocal change in GSSG levels. Diminution of SOD, GPx, GR and CA activity was congruent with elevated nitrite levels and upregulation of iNOS and UCP-2 expression, without any DNA damage. It was concluded that long-term cyanide exposure caused oxidative stress, accompanied by upregulation of iNOS. The upregulation of UCP-2 further sensitized the cells to cyanide and accentuated the oxidative stress, which was independent of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharya
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Jebin Jacob John
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Niranjan L Gujar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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17
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Guo S, Duan R, Wang L, Hou Y, Tan L, Cheng Q, Liao M, Ding B. Dietary α-ketoglutarate supplementation improves hepatic and intestinal energy status and anti-oxidative capacity of Cherry Valley ducks. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1753-1762. [PMID: 28594103 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is an extensively used dietary supplement in human and animal nutrition. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dietary AKG supplementation on the energy status and anti-oxidative capacity in liver and intestinal mucosa of Cherry Valley ducks. A total of 80 1-day-old ducks were randomly assigned into four groups, in which ducks were fed basal diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% AKG, respectively. Graded doses of AKG supplementation linearly decreased the ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver, but increased ATP content and adenylate energy charge (AEC) in a quadratic and linear manner, respectively (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary AKG supplemental levels produced linear positive responses in ATP content and AEC, and negative responses in AMP concentration, the ratio of AMP to ATP and total adenine nucleotide in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). All levels of dietary AKG reduced the production of jejunal hydrogen peroxide and hepatic malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). Hepatic and ileal messenger RNA expression of AMP kinase α-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were linearly up-regulated as dietary AKG supplemental levels increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary AKG supplementation linearly or quadratically enhanced hepatic and intestinal energy storage and anti-oxidative capacity of Cherry Valley ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linglin Tan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Liao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Alpha-Ketoglutarate as a Molecule with Pleiotropic Activity: Well-Known and Novel Possibilities of Therapeutic Use. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:21-36. [PMID: 27326424 PMCID: PMC5274648 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), an endogenous intermediary metabolite in the Krebs cycle, is a molecule involved in multiple metabolic and cellular pathways. It functions as an energy donor, a precursor in the amino acid biosynthesis, a signalling molecule, as well as a regulator of epigenetic processes and cellular signalling via protein binding. AKG is an obligatory co-substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which catalyse hydroxylation reactions on various types of substrates. It regulates the activity of prolyl-4 hydroxylase, which controls the biosynthesis of collagen, a component of bone tissue. AKG also affects the functioning of prolyl hydroxylases, which, in turn, influences the function of the hypoxia-inducible factor, an important transcription factor in cancer development and progression. Additionally, it affects the functioning of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications of chromatin: ten-eleven translocation hydroxylases involved in DNA demethylation and the Jumonji C domain containing lysine demethylases, which are the major histone demethylases. Thus, it regulates gene expression. The metabolic and extrametabolic function of AKG in cells and the organism open many different fields for therapeutic interventions for treatment of diseases. This review presents the results of studies conducted with the use of AKG in states of protein deficiency and oxidative stress conditions. It also discusses current knowledge about AKG as an immunomodulatory agent and a bone anabolic factor. Additionally, the regulatory role of AKG and its structural analogues in carcinogenesis as well as the results of studies of AKG as an anticancer agent are discussed.
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Singh P, Rao P, Yadav SK, Gujar NL, Satpute RM, Bhattacharya R. Time- and temperature-dependent changes in cytochrome c oxidase activity and cyanide concentration in excised mice organs and mice cadavers. J Forensic Sci 2014; 60 Suppl 1:S162-70. [PMID: 25420913 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem stability of cyanide biomarkers is often disputed. We assessed the time and temperature-dependent changes in cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and cyanide concentration in various organs of mice succumbing to cyanide. Immediately after death, excised mice organs and mice cadavers were stored at room temperature (35°C ± 5°C) or in frozen storage (-20°C ± 2°C). At various times after death, CCO activity and cyanide concentrations were measured in excised mice organs or organs removed from mice cadavers. The study revealed that (i) measuring both the biomarkers in mice cadavers was more reliable compared to excised mice organs, (ii) measuring temporal CCO activity and cyanide concentration in vital organs from mice cadavers (room temperature) was reliable up to 24 h, and (iii) CCO activity in the brain and lungs and cyanide concentration in organs from mice cadavers (frozen) were measurable beyond 21 days. This study will be helpful in postmortem determination of cyanide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defense Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India
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20
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Chen BL, Wang LT, Huang KH, Wang CC, Chiang CK, Liu SH. Quercetin attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-regulated autophagy pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1226-1234. [PMID: 25087994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of acute renal failure. Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, presents in many kinds of food. The molecular mechanism of quercetin on renal protection during I/R is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-regulated autophagy in renal protection by quercetin. To investigate whether quercetin protects renal cells from I/R-induced cell injury, an in vitro model of I/R and an in vivo I/R model were used. Cell apoptosis was determined by propidium iodide/annexin V staining. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the autophagy. AMPK expression was inhibited with appropriate short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In cultured renal tubular cell I/R model, quercetin decreased the cell injury, up-regulated the AMPK phosphorylation, down-regulated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and activated autophagy during I/R. Knockdown of AMPK by shRNA transfection decreased the quercetin-induced autophagy but did not affect the mTOR phosphorylation. In I/R mouse model, quercetin decreased the increased serum creatinine level and altered renal histological score. Quercetin also increased AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited the mTOR phosphorylation and activated autophagy in the kidneys of I/R mice. These results suggest that quercetin activates an AMPK-regulated autophagy signaling pathway, which offers a protective effect in renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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21
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Martin-Montalvo A, Mercken EM, Mitchell SJ, Palacios HH, Mote PL, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Gomes AP, Ward TM, Minor RK, Blouin MJ, Schwab M, Pollak M, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Becker KG, Bohr VA, Ingram DK, Sinclair DA, Wolf NS, Spindler SR, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2192. [PMID: 23900241 PMCID: PMC3736576 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a drug commonly prescribed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we show that long-term treatment with metformin (0.1% w/w in diet) starting at middle age extends healthspan and lifespan in male mice, while a higher dose (1% w/w) was toxic. Treatment with metformin mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction, such as improved physical performance, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels without a decrease in caloric intake. At a molecular level, metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity and increases antioxidant protection, resulting in reductions in both oxidative damage accumulation and chronic inflammation. Our results indicate that these actions may contribute to the beneficial effects of metformin on healthspan and lifespan. These findings are in agreement with current epidemiological data and raise the possibility of metformin-based interventions to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Potent antioxidative and UVB protective effect of water extract of Eclipta prostrata L. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:759039. [PMID: 24683358 PMCID: PMC3934447 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, including Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced skin damage, is involved in numerous diseases. This study demonstrates that water extract of Eclipta prostrata L. (WEP) has a potent effect in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radicals, and chelating ferrous ion, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.23 mg/mL, 0.48 mg/mL, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The WEP total phenol content was 176.45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g sample. Chlorogenic acid, a component of the plant's active ingredients, was determined by HPLC and antioxidative assay. However, no caffeic acid, stigmasterol, or wedelolactone was present in WEP. WEP absorbs both UVA and UVB irradiation, and furthermore, the extract shows a dose-dependent response in the protection of HaCaT human keratinocytes and mouse fibroblasts 3T3 cells against UVB-induced cytotoxicity, which may result from a synergistic effect between chlorogenic acid and other active components present in WEP.
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Martin-Montalvo A, de Cabo R. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming induced by calorie restriction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:310-20. [PMID: 22901095 PMCID: PMC3691909 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calorie restriction (CR) is a known intervention that delays most aging processes. Most of the beneficial effects of CR are mediated by improved maintenance of mitochondrial performance in aged individuals. The control of mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and protein turnover is required for healthy aging. CR is able to induce molecular mechanisms that preserve oxidative capacity and decrease oxidative damage. RECENT ADVANCES AND CRITICAL ISSUES Published data indicate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is activated in old animals under CR conditions compared to ad libitum counterparts, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Molecular regulation of PGC-1α has recently attracted significant research interest. We discuss the master regulators of energy metabolism such as AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin 1 among others that have been demonstrated to activate mitochondrial biogenesis through increased PGC-1α activity at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Additionally, we describe the latest findings that explain how CR promotes mitochondrial efficiency and decreases mitochondrial-derived oxidative damage. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the beneficial mitochondrial changes conferred by CR will aid design of therapies for age-related diseases and help slow the aging process. Given the difficulty for humans to adhere to CR, we also explore new molecules that have been proposed during the last years to mimic the CR phenotype and their potential as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Satpute R, Lomash V, Hariharakrishnan J, Rao P, Singh P, Gujar N, Bhattacharya R. Oxidative stress and tissue pathology caused by subacute exposure to ammonium acetate in rats and their response to treatments with alpha-ketoglutarate and N-acetyl cysteine. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:12-24. [PMID: 22661398 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712448117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a widely used industrial chemical that is recognized as a potent neurotoxin and environmental pollutant. The present study addresses the oxidative stress and tissue pathology caused by 4 weeks of exposure to ammonium acetate (AMA; 100 mg/kg daily; orally) in rats, and their response to oral treatments with alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG; 1.0 g/kg), a potential cyanide antidote, and/or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; 10 mg/kg), an antioxidant. The organ-body weight index of brain and liver was significantly increased by AMA but kidney was unaffected. Also, plasma ammonia levels were significantly elevated without any concomitant change in blood gas status and hematology but levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the brain and liver were diminished, accompanied by elevated levels of malondialdehyde. Levels of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were unaffected, but the ratio of GSH:GSSG was reduced. Plasma alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were raised but urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were not altered. AMA also caused temporal, hepatic and renal pathology. However, the renal pathology was not supported by any biochemical alterations. A-KG or NAC alone afforded less protection against AMA as compared to both given together. The protective efficacy of A-KG can be ascribed to its ability to detoxify ammonia and additionally both A-KG and NAC have antioxidant properties as well. The study suggests a new therapeutic regimen for ammonia poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rm Satpute
- 1Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Cytotoxicity of cyanide in primary culture of rat hepatocytes and its interaction with alpha-ketoglutarate. Mol Cell Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-012-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hall AM, Campanella M, Loesch A, Duchen MR, Unwin RJ. Albumin uptake in OK cells exposed to rotenone: a model for studying the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on endocytosis in the proximal tubule? Nephron Clin Pract 2010; 115:p9-p19. [PMID: 20484937 PMCID: PMC2889685 DOI: 10.1159/000314540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The renal proximal tubule (PT) is clinically vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction; sub-lethal injury can lead to the Fanconi syndrome, with elevated urinary excretion of low-molecular-weight proteins. As the mechanism that couples mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired PT low-molecular weight protein uptake is unknown, we investigated the effect of respiratory chain (RC) inhibitors on endocytosis of FITC-albumin in PT-derived OK cells. Methods Uptake of FITC-albumin was quantified using confocal microscopy. Cytosolic ATP levels were measured in real time using both luciferin/luciferase assays and measurements of free [Mg2+]. Reactive oxygen species production was measured using mitosox. Results RC blockade produced only a small decrease in cytosolic ATP levels and had minimal effect on FITC-albumin uptake. Inhibition of glycolysis caused a much bigger decrease in both cytosolic ATP levels and FITC-albumin endocytosis. Rotenone led to higher rates of reactive oxygen species production than other RC inhibitors. Rotenone also caused widespread structural damage on electron microscopy, which was mimicked by colchicine and prevented by taxol; consistent with inhibition of microtubule polymerisation as the underlying mechanism. Conclusions Endocytosis of FITC-albumin is ATP-dependent in OK cells, but the cells are very glycolytic and therefore represent a poor metabolic model of the PT. Rotenone has toxic extra-mitochondrial structural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hall
- Centre for Nephrology, University of London, London , UK.
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Anderson R, Roddam L, Bettiol S, Sanderson K, Reid D. Biosignificance of bacterial cyanogenesis in the CF lung. J Cyst Fibros 2010; 9:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Satpute RM, Hariharakrishnan J, Bhattacharya R. Effect of alpha-ketoglutarate and N-acetyl cysteine on cyanide-induced oxidative stress mediated cell death in PC12 cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:297-308. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710365695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is a mitochondrial poison, which is ubiquitously present in the environment. Cyanide-induced oxidative stress is known to play a key role in mediating the neurotoxicity and cell death in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. PC12 cells are widely used as a model for neurotoxicity assays in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG), a potential cyanide antidote, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant against toxicity of cyanide in PC12 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations (0.625—1.25 mM) of potassium cyanide (KCN) for 4 hours, in the presence or absence of simultaneous treatment of A-KG (0.5 mM) and NAC (0.25 mM). Cyanide caused marked decrease in the levels of cellular antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Lipid peroxidation indicated by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) was found to be accompanied by decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) of the cells. Cyanide-treated cells showed notable increase in caspase-3 activity and induction of apoptotic type of cell death after 24 hours. A-KG and NAC alone were very effective in restoring the levels of GSH and TAS, but together they significantly resolved the effects of cyanide on antioxidant enzymes, MDA levels, and caspase-3 activity. The present study reveals that combination of A-KG and NAC has critical role in abbrogating the oxidative stress-mediated toxicity of cyanide in PC12 cells. The results suggest potential role of A-KG and NAC in cyanide antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- RM Satpute
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, India
| | - J. Hariharakrishnan
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, India
| | - R. Bhattacharya
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, India,
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Guangwei X, Rongzhu L, Wenrong X, Suhua W, Xiaowu Z, Shizhong W, Ye Z, Aschner M, Kulkarni SK, Bishnoi M. Curcumin pretreatment protects against acute acrylonitrile-induced oxidative damage in rats. Toxicology 2009; 267:140-6. [PMID: 19913070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylonitrile (AN) is widely used in the manufacturing of fibers, plastics and pharmaceuticals. Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation is implicated in the toxicity of AN. The present study was designed to examine the ability of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, to attenuate acute AN-induced lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered curcumin at doses of 0 (olive oil control), 50 or 100 mg/kg bodyweight daily for 7 consecutive days. Two hours after the last dose of curcumin, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg AN/kg bodyweight. Acute exposure to AN significantly increased the generation of lipid peroxidation products, reflected by high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) both in the brain and liver. These increases were accompanied by a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and a significant reduction in catalase (CAT) activity in the same tissues. No consistent changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed between the control and AN-treatment groups in both tissues. Pretreatment with curcumin reversed the AN-induced effects, reducing the levels of MDA and enhancing CAT activity and increasing reduced GSH content both in the brain and liver. Furthermore, curcumin effectively prevented AN-induced decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity in both liver and brain. These results establish that curcumin pretreatment has a beneficial role in mitigating AN-induced oxidative stress both in the brains and livers of exposed rats and these effects are mediated independently of cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibition. Accordingly, curcumin should be considered as a potential safe and effective approach in attenuating the adverse effects produced by AN-related toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guangwei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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