1
|
In vitro proliferation and long-term preservation of functional primary rat hepatocytes in cell fibers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8813. [PMID: 35614100 PMCID: PMC9133069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocytes are essential cellular resources for drug screening and medical transplantation. While culture systems have already succeeded in reconstituting the biomimetic microenvironment of primary hepatocytes, acquiring additional capabilities to handle them easily as well as to expand them remains unmet needs. This paper describes a culture system for primary rat hepatocytes, based on cell fiber technology, that brings scalability and handleability. Cell fibers are cell-laden core–shell hydrogel microfibers; in the core regions, cells are embedded in extracellular matrix proteins, cultured three-dimensionally, and exposed to soluble growth factors in the culture medium via the hydrogel shells. By encapsulating primary rat hepatocytes within cell fibers, we first demonstrated their proliferation while maintaining their viability and their hepatic specific functions for up to thirty days of subsequent culture. We then demonstrated the efficiency of proliferating primary rat hepatocytes in cell fibers not only as cell-based sensors to detect drugs that damage hepatic functions and hepatocellular processes but also as transplants to improve the plasma albumin concentrations of congenital analbuminemia. Our culture system could therefore be included in innovative strategies and promising developments in applying primary hepatocytes to both pharmaceutical and medical fields.
Collapse
|
2
|
Metabolic Activation of Cholestatic Drug-Induced Bile Acid-Dependent Toxicity in Human Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2509-2514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Lou R, Yu W, Song Y, Ren Y, Zheng H, Guo X, Lin Y, Pan G, Wang X, Ma X. Fabrication of stable galactosylated alginate microcapsules via covalent coupling onto hydroxyl groups for hepatocytes applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:456-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
4
|
Lou R, Xie H, Zheng H, Ren Y, Gao M, Guo X, Song Y, Yu W, Liu X, Ma X. Alginate-based microcapsules with galactosylated chitosan internal for primary hepatocyte applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1133-1140. [PMID: 27667543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alginate-galactosylated chitosan/polylysine (AGCP) microcapsules with excellent stability and high permeability were developed and employed in primary hepatocyte applications. The galactosylated chitosan (GC), synthesized via the covalent coupling of lactobionic acid (LA) with low molecular weight and water-soluble chitosan (CS), was ingeniously introduced into the core of alginate microcapsules by regulating the pH of gelling bath. The internal GC of the microcapsules simultaneously provided a large number of binding sites for the hepatocytes and further promoted the hepatocyte-matrix interactions via the recognition of asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) on the hepatocyte surface, and afforded the AGCP microcapsules an excellent stability via the electrostatic interactions with alginate. As a consequence, primary hepatocytes in AGCP microcapsules demonstrated enhanced viability, urea synthesis, albumin secretion, and P-450 enzyme activity, showing great prospects for hepatocyte applications in microcapsule system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyun Lou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hongguo Xie
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Huizhen Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Ren
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yizhe Song
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Xiudong Liu
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116622, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herzog N, Hansen M, Miethbauer S, Schmidtke KU, Anderer U, Lupp A, Sperling S, Seehofer D, Damm G, Scheibner K, Küpper JH. Primary-like human hepatocytes genetically engineered to obtain proliferation competence display hepatic differentiation characteristics in monolayer and organotypical spheroid cultures. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:341-53. [PMID: 26715207 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary human hepatocytes are in great demand during drug development and in hepatology. However, both scarcity of tissue supply and donor variability of primary cells create a need for the development of alternative hepatocyte systems. By using a lentivirus vector system to transfer coding sequences of Upcyte® proliferation genes, we generated non-transformed stable hepatocyte cultures from human liver tissue samples. Here, we show data on newly generated proliferation-competent HepaFH3 cells investigated as conventional two-dimensional monolayer and as organotypical three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture. In monolayer culture, HepaFH3 cells show typical cobblestone-like hepatocyte morphology and anchorage-dependent growth for at least 20 passages. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that characteristic hepatocyte marker proteins cytokeratin 8, human serum albumin, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 were expressed. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that expression levels of analyzed phase I CYP enzymes were at similar levels compared to those of cultured primary human hepatocytes and considerably higher than in the liver carcinoma cell line HepG2. Additionally, transcripts for phase II liver enzymes and transporter proteins OATP-C, MRP2, Oct1, and BSEP were present in HepaFH3. The cells produced urea and converted model compounds such as testosterone, diclofenac, and 7-OH-coumarin into phases I and II metabolites. Interestingly, phases I and II enzymes were expressed at about the same levels in convenient monolayer cultures and complex 3D spheroids. In conclusion, HepaFH3 cells and related primary-like hepatocyte lines seem to be promising tools for in vitro research of liver functions and as test system in drug development and toxicology analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Herzog
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Max Hansen
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Miethbauer
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Schmidtke
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Anderer
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sperling
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Scheibner
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vernetti LA, Senutovitch N, Boltz R, DeBiasio R, Shun TY, Gough A, Taylor DL. A human liver microphysiology platform for investigating physiology, drug safety, and disease models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015. [PMID: 26202373 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215592121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development and characterization of a microphysiology platform for drug safety and efficacy in liver models of disease that includes a human, 3D, microfluidic, four-cell, sequentially layered, self-assembly liver model (SQL-SAL); fluorescent protein biosensors for mechanistic readouts; as well as a microphysiology system database (MPS-Db) to manage, analyze, and model data. The goal of our approach is to create the simplest design in terms of cells, matrix materials, and microfluidic device parameters that will support a physiologically relevant liver model that is robust and reproducible for at least 28 days for stand-alone liver studies and microfluidic integration with other organs-on-chips. The current SQL-SAL uses primary human hepatocytes along with human endothelial (EA.hy926), immune (U937) and stellate (LX-2) cells in physiological ratios and is viable for at least 28 days under continuous flow. Approximately, 20% of primary hepatocytes and/or stellate cells contain fluorescent protein biosensors (called sentinel cells) to measure apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or cell location by high content analysis (HCA). In addition, drugs, drug metabolites, albumin, urea and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are monitored in the efflux media. Exposure to 180 μM troglitazone or 210 μM nimesulide produced acute toxicity within 2-4 days, whereas 28 μM troglitazone produced a gradual and much delayed toxic response over 21 days, concordant with known mechanisms of toxicity, while 600 µM caffeine had no effect. Immune-mediated toxicity was demonstrated with trovafloxacin with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not levofloxacin with LPS. The SQL-SAL exhibited early fibrotic activation in response to 30 nM methotrexate, indicated by increased stellate cell migration, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen, type 1, alpha 2. Data collected from the in vitro model can be integrated into a database with access to related chemical, bioactivity, preclinical and clinical information uploaded from external databases for constructing predictive models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nina Senutovitch
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Robert Boltz
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Richard DeBiasio
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tong Ying Shun
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou H, Liu H, Ezzelarab M, Schmelzer E, Wang Y, Gerlach J, Gridelli B, Cooper DKC. Experimental hepatocyte xenotransplantation--a comprehensive review of the literature. Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:239-48. [PMID: 25950141 PMCID: PMC4519403 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation (Tx) is a potential therapy for certain diseases of the liver, including hepatic failure. However, there is a limited supply of human livers as a source of cells and, after isolation, human hepatocytes can be difficult to expand in culture, limiting the number available for Tx. Hepatocytes from other species, for example, the pig, have therefore emerged as a potential alternative source. We searched the literature through the end of 2014 to assess the current status of experimental research into hepatocyte xenoTx. The literature search identified 51 reports of in vivo cross-species Tx of hepatocytes in a variety of experimental models. Most studies investigated the Tx of human (n = 23) or pig (n = 19) hepatocytes. No studies explored hepatocytes from genetically engineered pigs. The spleen was the most common site of Tx (n = 23), followed by the liver (through the portal vein [n = 6]) and peritoneal cavity (n = 19). In 47 studies (92%), there was evidence of hepatocyte engraftment and function across a species barrier. The data provided by this literature search strengthen the hypothesis that xenoTx of hepatocytes is feasible and potentially successful as a clinical therapy for certain liver diseases, including hepatic failure. By excluding vascular structures, hepatocytes isolated from genetically engineered pig livers may address some of the immunological problems of xenoTx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zhou
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Kidney Transplantation, Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Heng(1)yang, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, ShanXi, China
| | - Mohamed Ezzelarab
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Kidney Transplantation, Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Heng(1)yang, Hunan, China
| | - Jörg Gerlach
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruno Gridelli
- Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khetani SR, Berger DR, Ballinger KR, Davidson MD, Lin C, Ware BR. Microengineered liver tissues for drug testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:216-50. [PMID: 25617027 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214566939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of drug attrition. Significant and well-documented differences between animals and humans in liver pathways now necessitate the use of human-relevant in vitro liver models for testing new chemical entities during preclinical drug development. Consequently, several human liver models with various levels of in vivo-like complexity have been developed for assessment of drug metabolism, toxicity, and efficacy on liver diseases. Recent trends leverage engineering tools, such as those adapted from the semiconductor industry, to enable precise control over the microenvironment of liver cells and to allow for miniaturization into formats amenable for higher throughput drug screening. Integration of liver models into organs-on-a-chip devices, permitting crosstalk between tissue types, is actively being pursued to obtain a systems-level understanding of drug effects. Here, we review the major trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with development and implementation of engineered liver models created from primary cells, cell lines, and stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. We also present key applications where such models are currently making an impact and highlight areas for improvement. In the future, engineered liver models will prove useful for selecting drugs that are efficacious, safer, and, in some cases, personalized for specific patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman R Khetani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dustin R Berger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly R Ballinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christine Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brenton R Ware
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmitz A, Zielinski J, Dick B, Mevissen M. In vitro
metabolism of testosterone in the horse liver and involvement of equine CYPs 3A89, 3A94 and 3A95. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:338-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schmitz
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - J. Zielinski
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - B. Dick
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology; Inselspital; Bern Switzerland
| | - M. Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zafar S, Choudhary MI, Dalvandi K, Mahmood U, Ul-Haq Z. Molecular docking simulation studies on potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors obtained from microbial transformation of dihydrotestosterone. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:164. [PMID: 24103815 PMCID: PMC4126177 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotransformation is an effective technique for the synthesis of libraries of bioactive compounds. Current study on microbial transformation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (1) was carried out to produce various functionalized metabolites. RESULTS Microbial transformation of DHT (1) by using two fungal cultures resulted in potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. Biotransformation with Macrophomina phaseolina led to the formation of two known products, 5α-androstan-3β,17β-diol (2), and 5β-androstan-3α,17β-diol (3), while biotransformation with Gibberella fujikuroi yielded six known metabolites, 11α,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (4), androst-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (5), 11α-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (6), 11α-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (7), 12β-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (8), and 16α-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (9). Metabolites 2 and 3 were found to be inactive, while metabolite 4 only weakly inhibited the enzyme. Metabolites 5-7 were identified as significant inhibitors of BChE. Furthermore, predicted results from docking simulation studies were in complete agreement with experimental data. Theoretical results were found to be helpful in explaining the possible mode of action of these newly discovered potent BChE inhibitors. Compounds 8 and 9 were not evaluated for enzyme inhibition activity both in vitro and in silico, due to lack of sufficient quantities. CONCLUSION Biotransformation of DHT (1) with two fungal cultures produced eight known metabolites. Metabolites 5-7 effectively inhibited the BChE activity. Cholinesterase inhibition is among the key strategies in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experimental findings were further validated by in silico inhibition studies and possible modes of action were deduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zafar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi- 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi- 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah- 21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kourosh Dalvandi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Mahmood
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aravalli RN, Cressman EN, Steer CJ. Hepatic differentiation of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Vet J 2012; 194:369-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Acikgöz A, Giri S, Bader A. Detection of nanolevel drug metabolites in an organotypic culture of primary human hepatocytes and porcine hepatocytes with special reference to a two-compartment model. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5859-72. [PMID: 23226017 PMCID: PMC3512542 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of drug metabolites produced during drug metabolism is a growing concern for the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, and others. As 70% of drugs are known reactive metabolites and have black box warnings, they are a major cause of drug-induced injury and lead to drug attrition in early or late clinical stages. According to a 2006 survey report of pharmaceutical companies, drug-induced liver injury was ranked first in terms of adverse events, and it remains the most common reason for restriction or withdrawal of a drug from the market by the Food and Drug Administration. Although there are many reasons underlying drug-induced liver injury, one of the most important is liver failure induced by drug metabolites. Generally, a drug produces metabolites that may bind to cellular molecules and trigger a toxicological effect, cause serious adverse drug reactions, or alter cellular functions. Experimental cellular models that attempt to qualify drug metabolites from cell cultures rely on human plasma and urine obtained from clinical trials and supernatant during early in vitro experiments. However, there is a lack of information about the quantification of drug metabolites inside human hepatocytes, where the drug is extensively metabolized. To overcome this limitation, we used the highly accepted, gold standard organotypic cellular model of primary human hepatocytes to investigate and quantify the parent drug, as well as drug metabolites inside human hepatocytes and outside human hepatocytes to evaluate the quantity of drug metabolites, which are assumed to have remained inside the primary human hepatocytes. We refer to this as a two-compartment model, where one compartment is supernatant compared with in vivo hepatic blood circulation, and the other is inside the hepatocyte cell compared with the inside of in vivo human liver. We detected the nanoconcentrations of all major metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam) of the diazepam drug, both inside the cells (matrix) and outside the hepatocyte cells (supernatant) at different time points (primary human hepatocytes: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours; primary porcine hepatocytes: 0, 1, 2, 5, and 24 hours) during biotransformation in an organotypic sandwich cellular model. Although it is difficult to detect tissue distribution of metabolites in humans, we strongly recommend testing in a two-compartment model of primary human hepatocytes, as nonhuman models may not reflect human metabolism. Preclinical drug screening assessment tests that use this two-compartment strategy may facilitate safer registration of new drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Acikgöz
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
LeCluyse EL, Witek RP, Andersen ME, Powers MJ. Organotypic liver culture models: meeting current challenges in toxicity testing. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:501-48. [PMID: 22582993 PMCID: PMC3423873 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.682115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in humans from in vitro data continues to be a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Generally, conventional in vitro hepatic model systems (i.e. 2-D static monocultures of primary or immortalized hepatocytes) are limited by their inability to maintain histotypic and phenotypic characteristics over time in culture, including stable expression of clearance and bioactivation pathways, as well as complex adaptive responses to chemical exposure. These systems are less than ideal for longer-term toxicity evaluations and elucidation of key cellular and molecular events involved in primary and secondary adaptation to chemical exposure, or for identification of important mediators of inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis. Progress in implementing a more effective strategy for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and human risk assessment depends on significant advances in tissue culture technology and increasing their level of biological complexity. This article describes the current and ongoing need for more relevant, organotypic in vitro surrogate systems of human liver and recent efforts to recreate the multicellular architecture and hemodynamic properties of the liver using novel culture platforms. As these systems become more widely used for chemical and drug toxicity testing, there will be a corresponding need to establish standardized testing conditions, endpoint analyses and acceptance criteria. In the future, a balanced approach between sample throughput and biological relevance should provide better in vitro tools that are complementary with animal testing and assist in conducting more predictive human risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward L LeCluyse
- The Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu X, Wang J, Tan L, Bui J, Gjerstad E, McMillan K, Zhang W. In vitro ADME profiling using high-throughput rapidfire mass spectrometry: cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic stability assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:761-72. [PMID: 22460176 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112441013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drug candidates has become an essential component of modern drug discovery. ADME characterization is important in identifying compounds early that are likely to fail in later clinical development because of suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties or undesirable drug-drug interactions. Proper utilization of ADME results, meanwhile, can prioritize candidates that are more likely to have good pharmacokinetic properties and also minimize potential drug-drug interactions. By integrating a RapidFire system with an API4000 mass spectrometer (RF-MS), we have established a high-throughput capability to profile compounds (>100 compounds/wk) in a panel of ADME assays in parallel with biochemical and cellular characterizations. Cytochrome P450 inhibition and time-dependent inhibition assays and microsomal stability assays were developed and fully optimized on the system. Compared with the classic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, the RF-MS system generates consistent data with approximately 20-fold increase in throughput. The lack of chromatographic separation of compounds, substrates, and metabolites can complicate data interpretation, but this occurs in a small number of cases that are readily identifiable. Overall, this system has enabled a real-time and quantitative measurement of a large number of ADME samples, providing a rapid evaluation of clinically important drug-drug interaction potential and drug metabolic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- New Lead Discovery, Exelixis, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giantin M, Zancanella V, Lopparelli RM, Granato A, Carletti M, Vilei MT, Muraca M, Baratto C, Dacasto M. Effects of time culture and prototypical cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inducers on CYP2B22, CYP2C, CYP3A and nuclear receptor (NR) mRNAs in long-term cryopreserved pig hepatocytes (CPHs). Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:495-505. [PMID: 22447117 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, transcriptional and post-translational effects of culturing time and prototypical cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inducers on principal nuclear receptors (NRs), CYP2B22, 2C and 3A were investigated in long-term stored (~10 years) cryopreserved pig hepatocytes (CPHs). In the time-course study, a crush and rise effect was observed for pregnane X receptor (NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (NR1I3) mRNAs, while a time-dependent increase of retinoid X receptor alpha (NR2B1) was noticed. Cytochrome P450 gene expression profiles were down-regulated as a function of time. In the induction study, an increase of NR1I2, NR1I3 and NR2B1 mRNAs was observed in dexamethasone-exposed CPHs. About CYPs, an overall up-regulation was seen in CPHs exposed to phenobarbital, while dexamethasone and rifampicin up-regulated only CYP3A. In both studies, transcriptional CYP results were confirmed at the post-translational level (immunoblotting and enzyme activities), except for CYP2B immunoblotting in the induction study. The present data demonstrate that long-term stored CPHs may be used to investigate mechanisms involved in CYPs regulation, expression and function; provide further info about NR regulation of CYPs, and confirm species-differences in these mechanisms of regulation; finally, they suggest the usefulness and relevance of gene expression profiling to early detect any modulation of CYP expression and bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mery Giantin
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maringka M, Giri S, Nieber K, Acikgöz A, Bader A. Biotransformation of diazepam in a clinically relevant flat membrane bioreactor model using primary porcine hepatocytes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:343-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
17
|
Cabaret O, Puel O, Botterel F, Pean M, Khoufache K, Costa JM, Delaforge M, Bretagne S. Metabolic Detoxication Pathways for Sterigmatocystin in Primary Tracheal Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1673-81. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Cabaret
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Olivier Puel
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Françoise Botterel
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Michel Pean
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Khaled Khoufache
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Jean-Marc Costa
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Marcel Delaforge
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| | - Stéphane Bretagne
- UMR BIPAR, U-PEC, AFSSA, ENVA, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Créteil Cedex F-94010, France, INRA, UR 66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Toulouse F-31027, France, CEA, DSV, IBEB, Group Rech Appl Phytotechnol, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, CNRS, UMR Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France, Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance
| |
Collapse
|