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Zheng Y, Shao M, Zheng Y, Sun W, Qin S, Sun Z, Zhu L, Guan Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li L. PPARs in atherosclerosis: The spatial and temporal features from mechanism to druggable targets. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00120-6. [PMID: 38555000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic and complex disease caused by lipid disorder, inflammation, and other factors. It is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, the chief cause of death globally. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are valuable anti-atherosclerosis targets that showcase multiple roles at different pathological stages of atherosclerosis and for cell types at different tissue sites. AIM OF REVIEW Considering the spatial and temporal characteristics of the pathological evolution of atherosclerosis, the roles and pharmacological and clinical studies of PPARs were summarized systematically and updated under different pathological stages and in different vascular cells of atherosclerosis. Moreover, selective PPAR modulators and PPAR-pan agonists can exert their synergistic effects meanwhile reducing the side effects, thereby providing novel insight into future drug development for precise spatial-temporal therapeutic strategy of anti-atherosclerosis targeting PPARs. KEY SCIENTIFIC Concepts of Review: Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of atherosclerosis, we have proposed the importance of stage- and cell type-dependent precision therapy. Initially, PPARs improve endothelial cells' dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and then regulate macrophages' lipid metabolism and polarization to improve fatty streak. Finally, PPARs reduce fibrous cap formation by suppressing the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, research on the cell type-specific mechanisms of PPARs can provide the foundation for space-time drug treatment. Moreover, pharmacological studies have demonstrated that several drugs or compounds can exert their effects by the activation of PPARs. Selective PPAR modulators (that specifically activate gene subsets of PPARs) can exert tissue and cell-specific effects. Furthermore, the dual- or pan-PPAR agonist could perform a better role in balancing efficacy and side effects. Therefore, research on cells/tissue-specific activation of PPARs and PPAR-pan agonists can provide the basis for precision therapy and drug development of PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Si Qin
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wang X, Xu C, Bian C, Ge P, Lei J, Wang J, Xiao T, Fan Y, Gu Q, Li HY, Xu J, Hu Z, Xie P. M2 microglia-derived exosomes promote vascular remodeling in diabetic retinopathy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:56. [PMID: 38336783 PMCID: PMC10854107 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening diabetic complication that is characterized by microvasculature impairment and immune dysfunction. The present study demonstrated that M2 microglia intensively participated in retinal microangiopathy in human diabetic proliferative membranes, mice retinas, retinas of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice, and retinas of streptozotocin-induced DR mice. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that exosomes derived from M2 polarized microglia (M2-exo) could reduce pericyte apoptosis and promote endothelial cell proliferation, thereby promoting vascular remodeling and reducing vascular leakage from the diabetic retina. These effects were further enhanced by M2-exo that facilitated M2 polarization of retinal microglia. Collectively, the study demonstrated the capability of M2-exo to induce retinal microvascular remodeling, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Changlin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Cunxin Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingfan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tianhao Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qinyuan Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hong-Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Chiarello DI, Ustáriz J, Marín R, Carrasco-Wong I, Farías M, Giordano A, Gallardo FS, Illanes SE, Gutiérrez J. Cellular mechanisms linking to outdoor and indoor air pollution damage during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1084986. [PMID: 36875486 PMCID: PMC9974835 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies are a critical window period for environmental influences over the mother and the offspring. There is a growing body of evidence associating indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Particulate matter (PM) could trigger oxi-inflammation and could also reach the placenta leading to placental damage with fetal consequences. The combination of strategies such as risk assessment, advise about risks of environmental exposures to pregnant women, together with nutritional strategies and digital solutions to monitor air quality can be effective in mitigating the effects of air pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I. Chiarello
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Delia I. Chiarello, ; Jaime Gutiérrez,
| | - Javier Ustáriz
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Marín
- Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry (CBB), Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ady Giordano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe S. Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Reproductive Biology Program, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Delia I. Chiarello, ; Jaime Gutiérrez,
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Olumegbon LT, Lawal AO, Oluyede DM, Adebimpe MO, Elekofehinti OO, I Umar H. Hesperetin protects against diesel exhaust particles-induced cardiovascular oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52574-52589. [PMID: 35262885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air particulate matter exposure has been linked to cardiovascular and atherosclerosis as a result of increase oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of hesperetin (HESP) as a therapeutic agent to mitigate the cardiovascular oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of diesel exhaust particles in Wistar rats. DEP was collected from an Iveco cargo engine truck, and n-hexane fraction (hDEP) was obtained. Forty Wistar strains of male albino rats (6 weeks) were divided into 8 groups: control group received DMSO and CMC-Na; other groups received either n-hexane extract of DEP (0.064 or 0.640 mg/kg hDEP) or Standard Reference Material 2975 (0.064 mg/kg hSRM) in the presence or absence of 200 mg/kg HESP. Extracts were administered orally. Serum lipids, lipid peroxidation (LPO), conjugated dienes (CDs), and GSH levels were determined. Also, inflammatory cytokines, PCSK-9, LDL-receptor, and antioxidant genes expression were assessed by RT-PCR in both the heart and aorta. The molecular interaction of targeted proteins with HESP was assessed by the in silico approach. Extracts of DEP caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in serum lipids but significantly decreased HDL-CHOL. It also increased CDs and MDA levels but decreased GSH levels. In addition, the particulate extracts caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in pro-inflammatory genes expression in the heart and aorta but significantly decreased IL-10 and LDL-R gene expressions. Pre-treatment with hesperetin significantly reversed all these effects. This study shows that hesperetin has the ability to protect against DEP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateefat T Olumegbon
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Akeem O Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Dare M Oluyede
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Monsurat O Adebimpe
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola O Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Haruna I Umar
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
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Middleton JD, Sivakumar S, Hai T. Chemotherapy-Induced Changes in the Lung Microenvironment: The Role of MMP-2 in Facilitating Intravascular Arrest of Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10280. [PMID: 34638621 PMCID: PMC8508901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) 4 days before intravenous injection of breast cancer cells had more cancer cells in the lung at 3 h after cancer injection than control counterparts without CTX. At 4 days after its injection, CTX is already excreted from the mice, allowing this pre-treatment design to reveal how CTX may modify the lung environment to indirectly affect cancer cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the increase in cancer cell abundance at 3 h by CTX is due to an increase in the adhesiveness of vascular wall for cancer cells. Our data from protein array analysis and inhibition approach combined with in vitro and in vivo assays support the following two-prong mechanism. (1) CTX increases vascular permeability, resulting in the exposure of the basement membrane (BM). (2) CTX increases the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in mouse serum, which remodels the BM and is functionally important for CTX to increase cancer abundance at this early stage. The combined effect of these two processes is the increased accessibility of critical protein domains in the BM, resulting in higher vascular adhesiveness for cancer cells to adhere. The critical protein domains in the vascular microenvironment are RGD and YISGR domains, whose known binding partners on cancer cells are integrin dimers and laminin receptor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Middleton
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (S.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Subhakeertana Sivakumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (S.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Li K, Yan J, Wang S, Liang X, Lin B, Tian L, Liu H, Liu X, Xi Z. Acute Exposure of Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles Induced Inflammation Response and Dysregulated TGFβ/Smads Signaling Pathway in ApoE -/- Mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:410-421. [PMID: 33475962 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) referred to particular matters with aerosol diameter less than 100 nm. Because of the lightweight and small size, UFPs have become an occupational inhalation risk. The UFPs will be accumulated in the deep lung through inhalation, and then reach into all the organs via circulation system; some UFPs even stay in the brain. As previous study reported, UFPs exposure is usually associated with cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis (AS). In our study, we tried to understand how acute UFP exposure caused the biological dysregulation in atherosclerosis. Acute exposure of UFPs were applied to mice for 6 consecutive days, mice were sacrificed after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days post-exposure. Aorta and serum were collected for histological and biomarkers analysis. Mice aortic adventitial fibroblasts (MAFs) were isolated from mice and used to further study to understand the mechanism of UFPs induced atherosclerosis. Compared to the untreated control, the inflammation responses and nitrate stress were observed after acute exposure of UFPs, with increased IL-6, MCP-1, p47phox, and 3-NT levels in the mice serum. Besides, upregulation of microRNAs: miR-301b-3p and Let-7c-1-3p, and their downstream target: Smad2, Smad3, and TGFβ1 were also observed in mouse aorta after acute exposure of UFPs. Similar results were identified in vitro as well. Acute exposure of UFPs induced the systematic nitrate stress and inflammation responses, along with the changes of vascular permeability. Dysregulated miRNAs and TGFβ/Smads signaling pathway indicated the higher risk of atherosclerosis/vasculature remodeling when exposed to UFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Binzhou Center Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xiaotian Liang
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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Ko R, Hayashi M, Tanaka M, Okuda T, Nishita-Hara C, Ozaki H, Uchio E. Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3417. [PMID: 33564109 PMCID: PMC7873058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-30-3, Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishita-Hara
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and Health, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ozaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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An Embryonic Zebrafish Model to Screen Disruption of Gut-Vascular Barrier upon Exposure to Ambient Ultrafine Particles. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040107. [PMID: 33228016 PMCID: PMC7711522 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) are the redox-active sub-fraction of PM2.5, harboring elemental and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from urban environmental sources including diesel and gasoline exhausts. The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) regulates paracellular trafficking and systemic dissemination of ingested microbes and toxins. Here, we posit that acute UFP ingestion disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier by modulating intestinal Notch activation. Using zebrafish embryos, we performed micro-gavage with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated dextran (FD10, 10 kDa) to assess the disruption of GVB integrity upon UFP exposure. Following micro-gavage, FD10 retained in the embryonic GI system, migrated through the cloaca. Conversely, co-gavaging UFP increased transmigration of FD10 across the intestinal barrier, and FD10 fluorescence occurred in the venous capillary plexus. Ingestion of UFP further impaired the mid-intestine morphology. We performed micro-angiogram of FD10 to corroborate acute UFP-mediated disruption of GVB. Transient genetic and pharmacologic manipulations of global Notch activity suggested Notch regulation of the GVB. Overall, our integration of a genetically tractable embryonic zebrafish and micro-gavage technique provided epigenetic insights underlying ambient UFP ingestion disrupts the GVB.
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Smyth T, Veazey J, Eliseeva S, Chalupa D, Elder A, Georas SN. Diesel exhaust particle exposure reduces expression of the epithelial tight junction protein Tricellulin. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:52. [PMID: 33059747 PMCID: PMC7560077 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While exposure to diesel exhaust particles has been linked to aberrant immune responses in allergic diseases such as asthma, little attention has been paid to their effects on the airway epithelial barrier. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of diesel exhaust exposure on airway epithelial barrier function and composition using in vitro and in vivo model systems. METHODS 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells were grown on collagen coated Transwell inserts and exposed to 5 to 50 μg/cm2 SRM 2975 diesel particulate matter (DEP) suspended in cell culture medium or vehicle controls. Changes in barrier function were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to 4 kDa FITC Dextran. Neonatal BALB/c mice were exposed to aerosolized DEP (255 ± 89 μg/m3; 2 h per day for 5 days) and changes in the tight junction protein Tricellulin were assessed 2 weeks post exposure. RESULTS A six-hour incubation of epithelial cells with diesel exhaust particles caused a significant concentration-dependent reduction in epithelial barrier integrity as measured by decreased TEER and increased permeability to 4 kDa FITC-Dextran. This reduction in epithelial barrier integrity corresponded to a significant reduction in expression of the tight junction protein Tricellulin. siRNA mediated knockdown of Tricellulin recapitulated changes in barrier function caused by DEP exposure. Neonatal exposure to aerosolized DEP caused a significant reduction in lung Tricellulin 2 weeks post exposure at both the protein and mRNA level. CONCLUSION Short term exposure to DEP causes a significant reduction in epithelial barrier integrity through a reduction in the tight junction protein Tricellulin. Neonatal exposure to aerosolized DEP caused a significant and sustained reduction in Tricellulin protein and mRNA in the lung, suggesting that early life exposure to inhaled DEP may cause lasting changes in airway epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janelle Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Box 692, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Box 692, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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11
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APOC3 promotes TNF-α-induced expression of JAM-1 in endothelial cell via PI3K-IKK2-p65 pathway. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 41:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Graber M, Mohr S, Baptiste L, Duloquin G, Blanc-Labarre C, Mariet AS, Giroud M, Béjot Y. Air pollution and stroke. A new modifiable risk factor is in the air. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:619-624. [PMID: 31153597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that outdoor air pollution is now a well-known major problem of public health, mainly in low and middle income countries. Contrasting with myocardial infarction, there are few data on the association of air pollution and stroke. METHODS We propose a narrative literature review of the effects and the underlying biological mechanisms of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on stroke risk and mortality, using the following key-words: stroke, cerebrovascular events, ischemic and haemorrhage stroke, transient ischaemic attack, mortality, air pollution and air pollutants. RESULTS Twenty-one papers were selected. Air pollution, of which whose small particulate matter are the most toxic, contributes to about one-third of the global burden of stroke. We can identify vulnerable patients with classical neuro-vascular risk factors or a prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attack or persons living in low-income countries. Biological mechanisms of this new morbid association are discussed. CONCLUSION Air pollution should be recognized as a silent killer inducing stroke whose mortality rates remain elevated by its role as a new modifiable neurovascular risk factor, needing public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graber
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - S Mohr
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - L Baptiste
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - G Duloquin
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - C Blanc-Labarre
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - A S Mariet
- Clinical investigation center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, Inserm, biostatistique, biomathématique, pharmacoepidemiologie et maladies infectieuses (B2 PHI), UMR 1181, university Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - M Giroud
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Y Béjot
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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13
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Ding X, Gu R, Zhang M, Ren H, Shu Q, Xu G, Wu H. Microglia enhanced the angiogenesis, migration and proliferation of co-cultured RMECs. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:249. [PMID: 30223824 PMCID: PMC6142340 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention is increasingly being given to microglia-related inflammation in neovascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular disease. Evidence shows that activated microglia contribute to disruption of the blood–retinal barrier, however, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether and how microglia affect the function of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs). Methods We activated microglia by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. After co-culturing static or activated microglia with RMECs using the Transwell system, we evaluated the function of RMECs. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels in the supernatant from the lower chamber were evaluated by ELISA. Angiogenesis, migration, and proliferation of RMECs were assessed by tube formation, wound healing, and WST-1 assays. The expression levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and endothelial markers (CD31 and CD34) were examined by Western blot analysis. Results We successfully established an LPS-activated microglia model and co-culture system of static or activated microglia with RMECs. In the co-culture system, we showed that microglia, especially activated microglia stimulated VEGF-A and PDGF-BB expression, enhanced angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and permeability, and altered the phenotype of co-cultured RMECs. Conclusions Microglia, especially activated microglia, play important roles in angiogenesis and maintenance of vascular function hemostasis in the retinal microvasculature. The mechanism needs further investigation and clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Qinmeng Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Haixiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Eye Research, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University), Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Xiong L, Wu T, Zhang T, Kong L, Xue Y, Tang M. Analysis of differentially changed gene expression in EA.hy926 human endothelial cell after exposure of fine particulate matter on the basis of microarray profile. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:213-220. [PMID: 29753823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have illustrated that PM2.5 is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but underlying toxicological mechanisms are not yet clear. The main purpose of this study is to disclose the potential biological mechanisms responsible for PM2.5-dependent adverse cardiovascular outcomes through the appliance of genome-wide transcription microarray. From results, compared with the control group, there are 97 genes significantly altered in 2.5 μg/cm2 PM2.5 treated group and 440 differentially expressed genes in 10 μg/cm2 group. Of note, when 2.5 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 group were respectively compared with the control group, 46 significantly altered genes showed a consistent tendency in two treated groups, of which 31 genes were upregulated while 15 genes were meanwhile downregulated. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, altered genes are mainly gathered in functions of cellular processes and immune regulation. Pathway analysis indicated that TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor (NLRs) signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and gap junction are vital pathways involved in PM2.5-induced toxicity in EA.hy926. Moreover, results from RT-qPCR further corroborated that changed genes are implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic disorder. In addition, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway is the critical pathway which may serve as a target to prevent PM2.5-induced CVD. To sum up, our effort provides a fundamental data for further studies regarding mechanisms of PM2.5-induced cardiovascular toxicity on the basis of genome-wide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Environmental Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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15
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Baek KI, Packard RRS, Hsu JJ, Saffari A, Ma Z, Luu AP, Pietersen A, Yen H, Ren B, Ding Y, Sioutas C, Li R, Hsiai TK. Ultrafine Particle Exposure Reveals the Importance of FOXO1/Notch Activation Complex for Vascular Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1209-1223. [PMID: 29037123 PMCID: PMC5912723 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Redox active ultrafine particles (UFP, d < 0.2 μm) promote vascular oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Notch signaling is intimately involved in vascular homeostasis, in which forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) acts as a co-activator of the Notch activation complex. We elucidated the importance of FOXO1/Notch transcriptional activation complex to restore vascular regeneration after UFP exposure. RESULTS In a zebrafish model of tail injury and repair, transgenic Tg(fli1:GFP) embryos developed vascular regeneration at 3 days post amputation (dpa), whereas UFP exposure impaired regeneration (p < 0.05, n = 20 for control, n = 28 for UFP). UFP dose dependently reduced Notch reporter activity and Notch signaling-related genes (Dll4, JAG1, JAG2, Notch1b, Hey2, Hes1; p < 0.05, n = 3). In the transgenic Tg(tp1:GFP; flk1:mCherry) embryos, UFP attenuated endothelial Notch activity at the amputation site (p < 0.05 vs. wild type [WT], n = 20). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) inhibitor or dominant negative (DN)-Notch1b messenger RNA (mRNA) disrupted the vascular network, whereas notch intracellular cytoplasmic domain (NICD) mRNA restored the vascular network (p < 0.05 vs. WT, n = 20). UFP reduced FOXO1 expression, but not Master-mind like 1 (MAML1) or NICD (p < 0.05, n = 3). Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence demonstrated that UFP attenuated FOXO1-mediated NICD pull-down and FOXO1/NICD co-localization, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 3). Although FOXO1 morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) attenuated Notch activity, FOXO1 mRNA reversed UFP-mediated reduction in Notch activity to restore vascular regeneration and blood flow (p < 0.05 vs. WT, n = 5). Innovation and Conclusion: Our findings indicate the importance of the FOXO1/Notch activation complex to restore vascular regeneration after exposure to the redox active UFP. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1209-1223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arian Saffari
- 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhao Ma
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anh Phuong Luu
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Pietersen
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hilary Yen
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bin Ren
- 4 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,5 Blood Research Institute , Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yichen Ding
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Rongsong Li
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,6 Research Services, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles , California
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16
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Lee KK, Miller MR, Shah ASV. Air Pollution and Stroke. J Stroke 2018; 20:2-11. [PMID: 29402072 PMCID: PMC5836577 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse health effects of air pollution have long been recognised; however, there is less awareness that the majority of the morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution is due to its effects on the cardiovascular system. Evidence from epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Although the relative risk is small at an individual level, the ubiquitous nature of exposure to air pollution means that the absolute risk at a population level is on a par with "traditional" risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Of particular concern are findings that the strength of this association is stronger in low and middle income countries where air pollution is projected to rise as a result of rapid industrialisation. The underlying biological mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their effect on the vasculature are still an area of intense discussion. A greater understanding of the effect size and mechanisms is necessary to develop effective strategies at individual and policy levels to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Ken Lee
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark R. Miller
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anoop S. V. Shah
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Fukuoka A, Matsushita K, Morikawa T, Takano H, Yoshimoto T. Diesel exhaust particles exacerbate allergic rhinitis in mice by disrupting the nasal epithelial barrier. Clin Exp Allergy 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fukuoka
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases; Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | - K. Matsushita
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases; Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | - T. Morikawa
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases; Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Faculty of Medical Science; University of Fukui; Fukui Japan
| | - H. Takano
- Environmental Health Division; Department of Environmental Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - T. Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases; Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
- Department of Immunology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
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18
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Clark J, Gregory CC, Matthews IP, Hoogendoorn B. The biological effects upon the cardiovascular system consequent to exposure to particulates of less than 500 nm in size. Biomarkers 2015; 21:1-47. [PMID: 26643755 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ultrafine particulate matter contribution to cardiovascular disease is not known and not regulated. PM up to 500 nm are abundant in urban air and alveolar deposition is significant. OBJECTIVE Effects beyond the alveolar barrier within the body or in vitro tissues exposed to particles <500 nm. METHODS AND RESULTS DATABASES MEDLINE; Ovid-MEDLINE PREM; Web of Science; PubMed (SciGlobe). 127 articles. Results in tables: "subject type exposed", "exposure type", "technique". CONCLUSION Heart rate, vasoactivity, atherosclerotic advancement, oxidative stress, coagulability, inflammatory changes are affected. Production of reactive oxygen species is a useful target to limit outcomes associated with UFP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clark
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Clive C Gregory
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Ian P Matthews
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Bastiaan Hoogendoorn
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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19
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Thompson LC, Holland NA, Snyder RJ, Luo B, Becak DP, Odom JT, Harrison BS, Brown JM, Gowdy KM, Wingard CJ. Pulmonary instillation of MWCNT increases lung permeability, decreases gp130 expression in the lungs, and initiates cardiovascular IL-6 transsignaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L142-54. [PMID: 26589480 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00384.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary instillation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has the potential to promote cardiovascular derangements, but the mechanisms responsible are currently unclear. We hypothesized that exposure to MWCNT would result in increased epithelial barrier permeability by 24 h postexposure and initiate a signaling process involving IL-6/gp130 transsignaling in peripheral vascular tissue. To test this hypothesis we assessed the impact of 1 and 10 μg/cm(2) MWCNT on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and expression of barrier proteins and cell activation in vitro using normal human bronchial epithelial primary cells. Parallel studies using male Sprague-Dawley rats instilled with 100 μg MWCNT measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts, BAL fluid total protein, and lung water-to-tissue weight ratios 24 h postexposure and quantified serum concentrations of IL-6, soluble IL-6r, and soluble gp130. Aortic sections were examined immunohistochemically for gp130 expression, and gp130 mRNA/protein expression was evaluated in rat lung, heart, and aortic tissue homogenates. Our in vitro findings indicate that 10 μg/cm(2) MWCNT decreased the development of TEER and zonula occludens-1 expression relative to the vehicle. In rats MWCNT instillation increased BAL protein, lung water, and induced pulmonary eosinophilia. Serum concentrations of soluble gp130 decreased, aortic endothelial expression of gp130 increased, and expression of gp130 in the lung was downregulated in the MWCNT-exposed group. We propose that pulmonary exposure to MWCNT can manifest as a reduced epithelial barrier and activator of vascular gp130-associated transsignaling that may promote susceptibility to cardiovascular derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Ryan J Snyder
- NanoHealth Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Daniel P Becak
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jillian T Odom
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin S Harrison
- Wake Forest University Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina;
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20
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Paclitaxel-induced lung injury and its amelioration by parecoxib sodium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12977. [PMID: 26256764 PMCID: PMC4530342 DOI: 10.1038/srep12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of paclitaxel-induced lung injury and its amelioration by parecoxib sodium. In this study, rats were randomly divided into: the control group (Con); the paclitaxel chemotherapy group (Pac); the paclitaxel+ parecoxib sodium intervention group (Pac + Pare); and the parecoxib sodium group (Pare). We observed changes in alveolar ventilation function, alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, lung tissue pathology and measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in lung tissue, the expression of tight junction proteins (Zo-1 and Claudin-4). Compared with the Con group, the lung tissue of the Pac group showed significantly increased expression of Cox-2 protein (p < 0.01), significant lung tissue inflammatory changes, significantly increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, decreased expression of Zo-1 and Claudin-4 proteins (p < 0.01), increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability (p < 0.01), and reduced ventilation function (p < 0.01). Notably, in Pac + Pare group, intraperitoneal injection of parecoxib sodium led to decreased Cox-2 and ICAM-1 levels and reduced inflammatory responses, the recovered expression of Zo-1 and Claudin-4, reduced level of indicators reflecting the high permeability state, and close-to-normal levels of ventilation function. Intervention by the Cox-2-specific inhibitor parecoxib sodium can block this damage.
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Ramirez-Garcia SA, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Topete-González LR, Charles-Niño C, Mazariegos-Rubi M, Dávalos-Rodríguez NO. [High frequency of ancestral allele of the TJP1 polymorphism rs2291166 in Mexican population, conformational effect and applications in surgery and medicine]. CIR CIR 2015; 84:28-36. [PMID: 26259745 DOI: 10.1016/j.circir.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TJP1 gene encodes a ZO-1 protein that is required for the recruitment of occludins and claudins in tight junction, and is involved in cell polarisation. It has different variations, the frequency of which has been studied in different populations. In Mexico there are no studies of this gene. These are required because their polymorphisms can be used in studies associated with medicine and surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of alleles and genotypes of rs2291166 gene polymorphism TJP1 in Mexico Mestizos population, and to estimate the conformational effect of an amino acid change. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 473 individuals were included. The rs2291166 polymorphism was identified PASA PCR-7% PAGE, and stained with silver nitrate. The conformational effect of amino acid change was performed in silico, and was carried out with servers ProtPraram Tool and Search Database with Fasta. RESULTS The most frequent allele in the two populations is the ancestral allele (T). A genotype distribution similar to other populations was found. The polymorphism is in Hardy-Weinberg, p>0.05. Changing aspartate to alanine produced a conformational change. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals a high frequency of the ancestral allele at rs2291166 polymorphism in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alberto Ramirez-Garcia
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Salud Pública, Sistema de Universidades Estatales de Oaxaca (SUNEO), Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, México
| | | | - Luz Rosalba Topete-González
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, Hospital Regional Valentín Gómez Farías, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los trabajadores del Estado, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Claudia Charles-Niño
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Benemérita Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Manuel Mazariegos-Rubi
- Laboratorio de Variación Genética y Enfermedad del Instituto de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Benemérita Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Nory Omayra Dávalos-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Variación Genética y Enfermedad del Instituto de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Benemérita Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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22
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Natural antioxidant betanin protects rats from paraquat-induced acute lung injury interstitial pneumonia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:608174. [PMID: 25861636 PMCID: PMC4377444 DOI: 10.1155/2015/608174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of betanin on a rat paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was investigated. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and betanin (25 and 100 mg/kg/d) was orally administered 3 days before and 2 days after paraquat administration. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last betanin dosage, and lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. In rats treated only with paraquat, extensive lung injury characteristic of ALI was observed, including histological changes, elevation of lung : body weight ratio, increased lung permeability, increased lung neutrophilia infiltration, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced claudin-4 and zonula occluden-1 protein levels, increased BALF interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, reduced BALF IL-10 levels, and increased lung nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) activity. In rats treated with betanin, paraquat-induced ALI was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results indicate that betanin attenuates paraquat-induced ALI possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, the potential for using betanin as an auxilliary therapy for ALI should be explored further.
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23
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van Berlo D, Hullmann M, Schins RPF. Toxicology of ambient particulate matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 101:165-217. [PMID: 22945570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that inhalation exposure to particulate matter (PM) can lead to or exacerbate various diseases, which are not limited to the lung but extend to the cardiovascular system and possibly other organs and tissues. Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence for associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular disease, while the evidence for a link with lung cancer is less strong. Novel research has provided first hints that exposure to PM might lead to diabetes and central nervous system (CNS) pathology. In the current review, an overview is presented of the toxicological basis for adverse health effects that have been linked to PM inhalation. Oxidative stress and inflammation are discussed as central processes driving adverse effects; in addition, profibrotic and allergic processes are implicated in PM-related diseases. Effects of PM on key cell types considered as regulators of inflammatory, fibrotic and allergic mechanisms are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiën van Berlo
- Particle Research, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Tan D, Liu Y, Shi L, Li B, Liu L, Bai B, Meng X, Hou M, Liu X, Sheng L, Luo X. Blueberry anthocyanins-enriched extracts attenuate the cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 222:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Current Status of the Toxicology of Diesel Engine Exhaust — and the ACES Project. ZENTRALBLATT FUR ARBEITSMEDIZIN ARBEITSSCHUTZ UND ERGONOMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03346132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Zimmer CC, Liu YX, Morgan JT, Yang G, Wang KH, Kennedy IM, Barakat AI, Liu GY. New approach to investigate the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials using single cell mechanics. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1246-55. [PMID: 24417356 PMCID: PMC3980960 DOI: 10.1021/jp410764f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro methods to assess nanomaterial cytotoxicity involve various assays to monitor specific cellular dysfunction, such as metabolic imbalance or inflammation. Although high throughput, fast, and animal-free, these in vitro methods suffer from unreliability and lack of relevance to in vivo situations. New approaches, especially with the potential to reliably relate to in vivo studies directly, are in critical need. This work introduces a new approach, single cell mechanics, derived from atomic force microscopy-based single cell compression. The single cell based approach is intrinsically advantageous in terms of being able to directly correlate to in vivo investigations. Its reliability and potential to measure cytotoxicity is evaluated using known systems: zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NP) on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). This investigation clearly indicates the reliability of single cell compression. For example, ZnO NPs cause significant changes in force vs relative deformation profiles, whereas SiO2 NPs do not. New insights into NPs-cell interactions pertaining to cytotoxicity are also revealed from this single cell mechanics approach, in addition to a qualitative cytotoxicity conclusion. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are also compared with conventional cytotoxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Zimmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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27
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Donaldson K, Duffin R, Langrish JP, Miller MR, Mills NL, Poland CA, Raftis J, Shah A, Shaw CA, Newby DE. Nanoparticles and the cardiovascular system: a critical review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:403-23. [PMID: 23477334 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny particles with a diameter of less than 100 nm. Traffic exhaust is a major source of combustion-derived NPs (CDNPs), which represent a significant component in urban air pollution. Epidemiological, panel and controlled human chamber studies clearly demonstrate that exposure to CDNPs is associated with multiple adverse cardiovascular effects in both healthy individuals and those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. NPs are also manufactured from a large range of materials for industrial use in a vast array of products including for use as novel imaging agents for medical use. There is currently little information available on the impacts of manufactured NPs in humans, but experimental studies demonstrate similarities to the detrimental cardiovascular actions of CDNPs. This review describes the evidence for these cardiovascular effects and attempts to resolve the paradox between the adverse effects of the unintentional exposure of CDNPs and the intentional delivery of manufactured NPs for medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Donaldson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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28
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Tobwala S, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Wang HJ, Banks WA, Ercal N. Disruption of the integrity and function of brain microvascular endothelial cells in culture by exposure to diesel engine exhaust particles. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:1-7. [PMID: 23542817 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a by-product of diesel engine exhaust (DEE), are known to produce pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects, thereby leading to oxidative stress-induced damage. Given the key role of DEPs in inducing oxidative stress, we investigated the role of DEPs in disrupting the integrity and function of immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC). To study this, HBMVEC cells were exposed to media containing three different concentrations of DEPs or plain media for 24h. Those exposed to DEPs showed significantly higher oxidative stress than the untreated group, as indicated by the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. DEPs also induced oxidative stress-related disruption of the HBMVEC cells monolayer, as measured by trans-epithelial electrical resistance. Taken together, these data suggest that DEPs induce cell death and disrupt the function and integrity of HBMVEC cells, indicating a potential role of DEPs in neurotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Mattingly KA, Klinge CM. Diesel exhaust particulate extracts inhibit transcription of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and cell viability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:633-42. [PMID: 22105178 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease and is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we tested the hypothesis that diesel exhaust particulate extracts (DEPEs), prepared from a truck run at different speeds and engine loads, would inhibit genomic estrogen receptor activation of nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) transcription in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, we examined how DEPEs affect NRF-1-regulated TFAM expression and, in turn, Tfam-regulated mtDNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, MTCO1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (NDI) expression as well as cell proliferation and viability. We report that 17β-estradiol (E(2)), 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), and raloxifene increased NRF-1 transcription in HUVECs in an ER-dependent manner. DEPEs inhibited NRF-1 transcription, and this suppression was not ablated by concomitant treatment with E(2), 4-OHT, or raloxifene, indicating that the effect was not due to inhibition of ER activity. While E(2) increased HUVEC proliferation and viability, DEPEs inhibited viability but not proliferation. Resveratrol increased NRF-1 transcription in an ER-dependent manner in HUVECs, and ablated DEPE inhibition of basal NRF-1 expression. Given that NRF-1 is a key nuclear transcription factor regulating genes involved in mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, these data suggest that DEPEs may adversely affect mitochondrial function leading to endothelial dysfunction and resveratrol may block these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Mattingly
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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