1
|
Saravanakumar K, Park S, Vijayasarathy S, Swaminathan A, Sivasantosh S, Kim Y, Yoo G, Madhumitha H, MubarakAli D, Cho N. Cellular metabolism and health impacts of dichlorvos: Occurrence, detection, prevention, and remedial strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117600. [PMID: 37939806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, [DDVP]) belongs to the class of organophosphates and is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture farming and post-harvest storage units. Extensive research has been conducted to assess the factors responsible for the presence of DDVP in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the entire food chain. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of DDVP metabolites in the food chain and their toxicity to mammals. These studies emphasize that both immediate and chronic exposure to DDVP can disrupt the host's homeostasis, leading to multi-organ damage. Furthermore, as a potent carcinogen, DDVP can harm aquatic systems. Therefore, understanding the contamination of DDVP and its toxicological effects on both plants and mammals is vital for minimizing potential risks and enhancing safety in the future. This review aimed to comprehensively consolidate information about the distribution, ecological effects, and health impacts of DDVP, as well as its metabolism, detection, prevention, and remediation strategies. In summary, this study observes the distribution of DDVP contaminations in vegetables and fruits, resulting in significant toxicity to humans. Although several detection and bioremediation strategies are emerging, the improper application of DDVP and the alarming level of DDVP contamination in foods lead to human toxicity that requires attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sampathkumar Vijayasarathy
- The Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | | | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hariharamohan Madhumitha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palaniswamy S, Abass K, Rysä J, Grimalt JO, Odland JØ, Rautio A, Järvelin MR. Investigating the relationship between non-occupational pesticide exposure and metabolomic biomarkers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248609. [PMID: 37900012 PMCID: PMC10602903 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between pesticide exposures and metabolomics biomarkers is not well understood. We examined the changes in the serum metabolome (early biomarkers) and the metabolic pathways associated with various pesticide exposure scenarios (OPE: overall exposure, PEM: exposure in months, PEY: exposure in years, and PEU: reported specific pesticides use) using data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 31-year cross-sectional examination. We utilized questionnaire data on pesticide exposures and serum samples for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analyses. For exposures and metabolites associations, participants size varied between 2,361 and 5,035. To investigate associations between metabolomics biomarkers and exposure to pesticide scenarios compared to those who reported no exposures multivariable regression analyses stratified by sex and adjustment with covariates (season of pesticide use, socioeconomic position (SEP), alcohol consumption, BMI, and latitude of residence) were performed. Multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied. Pesticide exposures differed by sex, season of pesticide use, alcohol, SEP, latitude of residence. Our results showed that all pesticide exposure scenarios were negatively associated with decreased HDL concentrations across all lipoprotein subclasses in women. OPE, PEY, and PEU were associated with decreased branched-chain amino acid concentrations in men and decreased albumin concentrations in women. OPE, PEY and PEU were also associated with changes in glycolysis metabolites and ketone bodies in both sexes. Specific pesticides exposure was negatively associated with sphingolipids and inflammatory biomarkers in men. In women, OPE, PEM, and PEU were associated with decreased apolipoprotein A1 and increased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Our findings suggest that identification of early biomarkers of disease risk related to pesticide exposures can inform strategies to reduce exposure and investigate causal pathways. Women may be more susceptible to non-occupational pesticide exposures when compared to men, and future sex-specific studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joan O. Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arja Rautio
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Konstantinou C, Gaengler S, Oikonomou S, Delplancke T, Charisiadis P, Makris KC. Use of metabolomics in refining the effect of an organic food intervention on biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative damage in primary school children in Cyprus: A cluster-randomized cross-over trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107008. [PMID: 34991267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides has been associated with oxidative stress in animals and humans. Previously, we showed that an organic food intervention reduced pesticide exposure and oxidative damage (OD) biomarkers over time; however associated metabolic changes are not fully understood yet. OBJECTIVES We assessed perturbations of the urine metabolome in response to an organic food intervention for children and its association with pesticides biomarkers [3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CN)]. We also evaluated the molecular signatures of metabolites associated with biomarkers of OD (8-iso-PGF2a and 8-OHdG) and related biological pathways. METHODS We used data from the ORGANIKO LIFE + trial (NCT02998203), a cluster-randomized cross-over trial conducted among primary school children in Cyprus. Participants (n = 149) were asked to follow an organic food intervention for 40 days and their usual food habits for another 40 days, providing up to six first morning urine samples (>850 samples in total). Untargeted GC-MS metabolomics analysis was performed. Metabolites with RSD ≤ 20% and D-ratio ≤ 50% were retained for analysis. Associations were examined using mixed-effect regression models and corrected for false-discovery rate of 0.05. Pathway analysis followed. RESULTS Following strict quality checks, 156 features remained out of a total of 610. D-glucose was associated with the organic food intervention (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.37,-0.10), aminomalonic acid showed a time-dependent increase during the intervention period (βint = 0.012; 95% CI:0.002, 0.022) and was associated with the two OD biomarkers (β = -0.27, 95% CI:-0.34,-0.20 for 8-iso-PGF2a and β = 0.19, 95% CI:0.11,0.28 for 8-OHdG) and uric acid with 8-OHdG (β = 0.19, 95% CI:0.11,0.26). Metabolites were involved in pathways such as the starch and sucrose metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. DISCUSSION This is the first metabolomics study providing evidence of differential expression of metabolites by an organic food intervention, corroborating the reduction in biomarkers of OD. Further mechanistic evidence is warranted to better understand the biological plausibility of an organic food treatment on children's health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Stephanie Gaengler
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Stavros Oikonomou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Thibaut Delplancke
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Pantelis Charisiadis
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan Q, Paul KC, Walker DI, Furlong MA, Del Rosario I, Yu Y, Zhang K, Cockburn MG, Jones DP, Ritz BR. High-Resolution Metabolomic Assessment of Pesticide Exposure in Central Valley, California. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1337-1347. [PMID: 33913694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in the agricultural Central Valley region of California. Historically, this has included organophosphates (OPs), organochlorines (OCs), and pyrethroids (PYRs). This study aimed to identify perturbations of the serum metabolome in response to each class of pesticide and mutual associations between groups of metabolites and multiple pesticides. We conducted high-resolution metabolomic profiling of serum samples from 176 older adults living in the California Central Valley using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We estimated chronic pesticide exposure (from 1974 to year of blood draw) to OPs, OCs, and PYRs from ambient sources at homes and workplaces with a geographic information system (GIS)-based model. Based on partial least-squares regression and pathway enrichment analysis, we identified metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with one or multiple pesticide classes, including mitochondrial energy metabolism, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Utilizing an integrative network approach, we found that the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway is a common pathway shared across all three pesticide classes. The disruptions of the serum metabolome suggested that chronic pesticide exposure might result in oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which have been previously implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Overall, our findings provided a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of chronic pesticide toxicity, and, for the first time, our approach informs exposome research by moving from macrolevel population exposures to microlevel biologic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10019, United States
| | - Melissa A Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Myles G Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Beate R Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meng F, Fan L, Sun L, Yu Q, Wang M, Sun C. Serum biomarkers of the calcium-deficient rats identified by metabolomics based on UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:99. [PMID: 33292300 PMCID: PMC7708254 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified the urinary biomarkers to diagnose calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS). To find biomarkers of calcium deficiency and further confirm these biomarkers in serum, we performed serum metabolomics analysis of calcium-deficient rats. METHODS A calcium-deficient rat model was established with a low-calcium diet for 12 weeks. Serum metabolomics based UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify the alterations in metabolites associated with calcium deficiency in rats. RESULTS Bone mineral density, serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the low-calcium diet group (LCG) compared to the normal calcium diet group (NCG). Serum metabolic-profiling analysis could definitively distinguish between the LCG and NCG and identified 24 calcium-deficient biomarkers. Three metabolites (indoxyl sulfate, phosphate, and taurine) of the 24 biomarkers were found in our previous urinary metabolomics study of rats with a calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of these three biomarkers were greater than 0.8, and the combination of any two biomarkers was higher than 0.95. CONCLUSION Dietary calcium deficiency induced the alterations of metabolites in the serum of rats, and the three identified biomarkers had relatively high diagnostic values for calcium deficiency in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Meng
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Fan
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingli Yu
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Maoqing Wang
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gender- and dose-related metabolome alterations in rat offspring after in utero and lactational exposure to PCB 180. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:56-64. [PMID: 30880216 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that are still causing potentially harmful effects to humans and wildlife. While the adverse health effects of PCBs have been extensively studied for decades, little is known about the effects specifically caused by the less potent, yet abundant non-dioxin-like congeners (NDL-PCBs). Here a non-targeted metabolic profiling of rat offspring exposed in utero and lactationally to total doses of 0, 300 or 1000 mg/kg body weight of ultrapure PCB 180 is reported. Serum samples from 5 male, and 5 female offspring from each group taken 12 weeks after birth were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS system, and subsequent metabolite alterations were studied. Statistical analysis revealed gender and dose-dependent alterations in serum metabolite levels at doses that did not adversely influence maternal or offspring body weight development. Male rats exhibited a higher number of altered metabolites, as well as stronger dose-dependency. A total of 51 metabolites were identified based on spectral matching. Most notably, 20 of these were glycerophospholipids, mainly lysophosphocholines with systematically decreased concentrations especially in the high-dose males. Other major metabolite groups include amino acids, their derivatives and carnitines. Our findings are consistent with the earlier reported liver effects, as well as neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects of PCB 180. They also emphasize the potential value of metabolomics in characterizing toxic effects and in identifying sensitive biomarkers with potential future use in health risk assessment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dai X, Fan F, Ye Y, Lu X, Chen F, Wu Z, Liao L. An experimental study on investigating the postmortem interval in dichlorvos poisoned rats by GC/MS-based metabolomics. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 36:28-36. [PMID: 30326392 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is always a key issue in forensic science. Although many attempts based on metabolomics approaches have been proven to be feasible and accurate for PMI estimation, there have been no reports regarding the determination of the PMI in acute dichlorvos (DDVP) poisoning. In this study, all rats were killed by acute DDVP poisoning at a dose three fold the oral LD50 (240 mg/kg). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to investigate the metabolic profiling of blood samples at various times after death up to 72 h. A total of 39 metabolites were found to be associated with PMI, and the combinations of various numbers of metabolites were used to establish support vector regression (SVR) models to investigate the PMI. The SVR model constructed by 23 metabolites had a minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 5.49 h for the training set. Then, the SVR model was validated by prediction set with an MSE of 10.33 h, suggesting good predictive ability of the model for investigating the PMI. The findings demonstrated the great potential of GC/MS-based metabolomics combined with the SVR model in determining the PMI of DDVP poisoned rats and provided an experimental basis for the application of this approach in investigating the PMI of other toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Dai
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Fan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ye
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rong M, Wang P, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Deng H. Metabolomic analysis of serum from rats following long-term intake of Chinese sausage. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1447. [PMID: 30013460 PMCID: PMC6043965 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Owing to the contamination of chemical pollutants, especially nitrosamines and their precursors, in Chinese sausage, long-term intake of Chinese sausage may have potential health effects. Objection This study investigated the effects of long-term intake of Chinese sausage with different contaminations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) on rat liver and the potential biomarkers in the serum. Methods Serum metabolomic analysis was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry at weeks 7, 17, 25, and 33; simultaneously, liver histopathological examination was conducted and its relationship with the serum metabolomics was also investigated. Results In the study, long-term intake of Chinese sausage with different NDMA contents induced significant changes in serum metabolites and liver histopathology in rats. Metabonomic analysis showed that seven metabolites – β-alanine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, aminooxyacetic acid, D-alanyl-D-alanine, pelargonic acid, palmitic acid (PA), and linoleic acid (LA) – in three sausage diet groups were significantly decreased at four time points, where three other metabolites were notably increased, which included putrescine, ethanolamine phosphate, and taurine. Among the various treatments, the NDMA (sausage-free) group demonstrated the most remarkable changes. Phenylalanine was decreased followed by an increase, and tyrosine persistently declined, both of which were elevated in the NDMA group. In addition, the histopathological result was consistent with that of the serum metabolomic analysis, and the changes in serum metabolites in each sausage diet group and the NDMA group were consistently associated with disorders of lipids, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Conclusion This work indicates that excessive NDMA content in sausage may cause liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minxian Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuesheng Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Jin M, Liu Y, Chen Q, Si L, Li G, Zhang Y, Huang J. Oral Bioavailability of Kinsenoside in Beagle Dogs Measured by LC-MS/MS: Improvement of Ex Vivo Stability of a Lactone-Containing Compound. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030087. [PMID: 29987203 PMCID: PMC6161302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinsenoside (KD), an active compound isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii, has demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities including hepatoprotection, antihyperliposis, antihyperglycemia, and antiosteoporosis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no available data concerning its preclinical pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in beagle dogs. To support preclinical pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study, a reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed for KD concentration measurements in beagle dog plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Atlantis® Hilic Silica column with an optimum mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium acetate in water (pH 3.0 adjusted with acetic acid) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass spectrometric analyses were carried out by monitoring multiple reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 265.2→102.9 for KD and m/z 174.0→128.0 for l-phenyl-d5-alanine-2,3,3-d3 (IS). The stability of KD in beagle dog whole blood and plasma was systematically evaluated. Lowering the temperature played a more critical role in stabilizing KD than decreasing the pH and adding esterase inhibitors, indicating that the major reason for instability of KD was probably due to chemical hydrolysis rather than esterase-mediated degradation. The currently developed method was validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of KD in beagle dogs following oral administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The absolute oral bioavailability for KD was determined to be 27.6%. Compared with typical glycosides, KD has a better bioavailability and is suitable for developing an oral dosage form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yuping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qimingxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Luqin Si
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Gao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carvalho WSP, Wei M, Ikpo N, Gao Y, Serpe MJ. Polymer-Based Technologies for Sensing Applications. Anal Chem 2017; 90:459-479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nduka Ikpo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bevan R, Brown T, Matthies F, Sams C, Jones K, Hanlon J, La Vedrine M. Human biomonitoring data collection from occupational exposure to pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
12
|
Xu F, Cui ZM, Li H, Luo YL. Electrochemical determination of trace pesticide residues based on multiwalled carbon nanotube grafted acryloyloxy ferrocene carboxylates with different spacers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the preparation of nanohybrid composites with good electrochemical response for the detection of pesticide residues by combining esterification with ATRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-Miao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ashani Y, Leader H, Aggarwal N, Silman I, Worek F, Sussman JL, Goldsmith M. In vitro evaluation of the catalytic activity of paraoxonases and phosphotriesterases predicts the enzyme circulatory levels required for in vivo protection against organophosphate intoxications. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:252-256. [PMID: 27163850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic scavengers of organophosphates (OPs) are considered very promising antidote candidates for preventing the adverse effects of OP intoxication as stand alone treatments. This study aimed at correlating the in-vivo catalytic efficiency ((kcat/KM)[Enzyme]pl), established prior to the OP challenge, with the severity of symptoms and survival rates of intoxicated animals. The major objective was to apply a theoretical approach to estimate a lower limit for (kcat/KM)[Enzyme]pl that will be adequate for establishing the desired kcat/KM value and plasma concentration of efficacious catalytic bioscavengers. Published data sets by our group and others, from in vivo protection experiments executed in the absence of any supportive medicine, were analyzed. The kcat/KM values of eight OP hydrolyzing enzymes and their plasma concentrations in four species exposed to OPs via s.c., i.m. and oral gavage, were analyzed. Our results show that regardless of the OP type and the animal species employed, sign-free animals were observed following bioscavenger treatment provided the theoretically estimated time period required to detoxify 96% of the OP (t96%) in vivo was ≤10 s. This, for example, can be achieved by an enzyme with kcat/KM = 5 × 107 M-1 min-1 and a plasma concentration of 0.4 μM ((kcat/KM)[Enzyme]pl = 20 min-1). Experiments in which animals were intoxicated by i.v. OP injections did not always conform to this rule, and in some cases resulted in high mortality rates. We suggest that in vivo evaluation of catalytic scavengers should avoid the unrealistic bolus i.v. route of OP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacov Ashani
- Dept. of Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Haim Leader
- Dept. of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Nidhi Aggarwal
- Dept. of Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Israel Silman
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Franz Worek
- The Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
| | - Joel L Sussman
- Dept. of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin Z, Roede JR, He C, Jones DP, Filipov NM. Short-term oral atrazine exposure alters the plasma metabolome of male C57BL/6 mice and disrupts α-linolenate, tryptophan, tyrosine and other major metabolic pathways. Toxicology 2014; 326:130-41. [PMID: 25445803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to the commonly used herbicide atrazine (ATR) affects several organ systems, including the brain. Previously, we demonstrated that short-term oral ATR exposure causes behavioral deficits and dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction in the brains of mice. Using adult male C57BL/6 mice, the present study aimed to investigate effects of a 10-day oral ATR exposure (0, 5, 25, 125, or 250mg/kg) on the mouse plasma metabolome and to determine metabolic pathways affected by ATR that may be reflective of ATR's effects on the brain and useful to identify peripheral biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Four hours after the last dosing on day 10, plasma was collected and analyzed with high-performance, dual chromatography-Fourier-transform mass spectrometry that was followed by biostatistical and bioinformatic analyses. ATR exposure (≥5mg/kg) significantly altered plasma metabolite profile and resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of metabolites with ion intensities significantly different from the control group. Pathway analyses revealed that ATR exposure strongly correlated with and disrupted multiple metabolic pathways. Tyrosine, tryptophan, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid metabolic pathways were among the affected pathways, with α-linolenic acid metabolism being affected to the greatest extent. Observed effects of ATR on plasma tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism may be reflective of the previously reported perturbations of brain dopamine and serotonin homeostasis, respectively. ATR-caused alterations in the plasma profile of α-linolenic acid metabolism are a potential novel and sensitive plasma biomarker of ATR effect and plasma metabolomics could be used to better assess the risks, including to the brain, associated with ATR overexposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - James R Roede
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Chunla He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang M, Yang X, Ren L, Li S, He X, Wu X, Liu T, Lin L, Li Y, Sun C. Biomarkers identified by urinary metabonomics for noninvasive diagnosis of nutritional rickets. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4131-42. [PMID: 25051233 DOI: 10.1021/pr500517u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional rickets is a worldwide public health problem; however, the current diagnostic methods retain shortcomings for accurate diagnosis of nutritional rickets. To identify urinary biomarkers associated with nutritional rickets and establish a noninvasive diagnosis method, urinary metabonomics analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis were employed to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with nutritional rickets in 200 children with or without nutritional rickets. The pathophysiological changes and pathogenesis of nutritional rickets were illustrated by the identified biomarkers. By urinary metabolic profiling, 31 biomarkers of nutritional rickets were identified and five candidate biomarkers for clinical diagnosis were screened and identified by quantitative analysis and receiver operating curve analysis. Urinary levels of five candidate biomarkers were measured using mass spectrometry or commercial kits. In the validation step, the combination of phosphate and sebacic acid was able to give a noninvasive and accurate diagnostic with high sensitivity (94.0%) and specificity (71.2%). Furthermore, on the basis of the pathway analysis of biomarkers, our urinary metabonomics analysis gives new insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of nutritional rickets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Wang
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University , 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dall'Acqua S, Stocchero M, Clauser M, Boschiero I, Ndoum E, Schiavon M, Mammi S, Schievano E. Changes in urinary metabolic profile after oral administration of curcuma extract in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:348-356. [PMID: 25200426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of phytochemicals in health promoting products is growing, but studies related to their effects on healthy subjects are still lacking despite the large consumption of natural products as nutraceuticals or food supplements. In many cases, research supports the in vitro antioxidant activity of phytochemicals, but the health claims attributed to the final marketed nutraceutical products have dubious scientific foundation. Also, studies focussed on the definition of their biological targets and mechanisms of action can be useful to assess their efficacy and safety. In this study, the effect of oral administration of 80mg/kg of Curcuma longa Linn. extract to 12 healthy rats over 25 days was evaluated by monitoring the changes of urinary composition. 24-h urine was collected during the animal experiment and the composition was analyzed by (1)H NMR and HPLC-MS. The two datasets were studied individually through a metabolomic approach and the multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the control and the treated group. Curcumin levels were also measured in 24-h urine samples by HPLC-MS. Both the (1)H NMR and the HPLC-MS dataset showed that the administration of 80mg/kg of Curcuma longa extract to healthy animals induces changes in urinary composition. Decreased allantoin urinary levels can be considered a partial demonstration of the in vivo effect of curcumin on oxidative stress in a healthy animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche, Via Ferrari 14, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Maria Clauser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Boschiero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Ndoum
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariano Schiavon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schievano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of quercetin against dichlorvos induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
MS-based metabolomics facilitates the discovery of in vivo functional small molecules with a diversity of biological contexts. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1953-65. [PMID: 24175746 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo small molecules as necessary intermediates are involved in numerous critical metabolic pathways and biological processes associated with many essential biological functions and events. There is growing evidence that MS-based metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool to facilitate the discovery of functional small molecules that can better our understanding of development, infection, nutrition, disease, toxicity, drug therapeutics, gene modifications and host-pathogen interaction from metabolic perspectives. However, further progress must still be made in MS-based metabolomics because of the shortcomings in the current technologies and knowledge. This technique-driven review aims to explore the discovery of in vivo functional small molecules facilitated by MS-based metabolomics and to highlight the analytic capabilities and promising applications of this discovery strategy. Moreover, the biological significance of the discovery of in vivo functional small molecules with different biological contexts is also interrogated at a metabolic perspective.
Collapse
|
19
|
Metabonomic analysis of quercetin against the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level dichlorvos in rats via ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:230-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
20
|
Du L, Li S, Qi L, Hou Y, Zeng Y, Xu W, Wang H, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabonomic analysis of the joint toxic action of long-term low-level exposure to a mixture of four organophosphate pesticides in rat plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:1153-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Bonvallot N, Tremblay-Franco M, Chevrier C, Canlet C, Debrauwer L, Cravedi JP, Cordier S. Potential input from metabolomics for exploring and understanding the links between environment and health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:21-44. [PMID: 24597908 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.860318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Humans may be exposed via their environment to multiple chemicals as a consequence of human activities and use of synthetic products. Little knowledge is routinely generated on the hazards of these chemical mixtures. The metabolomic approach is widely used to identify metabolic pathways modified by diseases, drugs, or exposures to toxicants. This review, based on the state of the art of the current applications of metabolomics in environmental health, attempts to determine whether metabolomics might constitute an original approach to the study of associations between multiple, low-dose environmental exposures in humans. Studying the biochemical consequences of complex environmental exposures is a challenge demanding the development of careful experimental and epidemiological designs, in order to take into account possible confounders associated with the high level of interindividual variability induced by different lifestyles. The choices of populations studied, sampling and storage procedures, statistical tools used, and system biology need to be considered. Suggestions for improved experimental and epidemiological designs are described. Evidence indicates that metabolomics may be a powerful tool in environmental health in the identification of both complex exposure biomarkers directly in human populations and modified metabolic pathways, in an attempt to improve understanding the underlying environmental causes of diseases. Nevertheless, the validity of biomarkers and relevancy of animal-to-human extrapolation remain key challenges that need to be properly explored.
Collapse
|
22
|
Du L, Wang H, Xu W, Zeng Y, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Sun C. Application of ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabonomic techniques to analyze the joint toxic action of long-term low-level exposure to a mixture of organophosphate pesticides on rat urine profile. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:195-206. [PMID: 23580312 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previously published articles, we evaluated the toxicity of four organophosphate (OP) pesticides (dichlorvos, dimethoate, acephate, and phorate) to rats using metabonomic technology at their corresponding no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Results show that a single pesticide elicits no toxic response. This study aimed to determine whether chronic exposure to a mixture of the above four pesticides (at their corresponding NOAEL) can lead to joint toxic action in rats using the same technology. Pesticides were administered daily to rats through drinking water for 24 weeks. The above mixture of the four pesticides showed joint toxic action at the NOAEL of each pesticide. The metabonomic profiles of rats urine were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The 16 metabolites statistically significantly changed in all treated groups compared with the control group. Dimethylphosphate and dimethyldithiophosphate exclusively detected in all treated groups can be used as early, sensitive biomarkers for exposure to a mixture of the OP pesticides. Moreover, exposure to the OP pesticides resulted in increased 7-methylguanine, ribothymidine, cholic acid, 4-pyridoxic acid, kynurenine, and indoxyl sulfate levels, as well as decreased hippuric acid, creatinine, uric acid, gentisic acid, C18-dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine, suberic acid, and citric acid. The results indicated that a mixture of OP pesticides induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, disturbed the metabolism of lipids, and interfered with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Ensuring food safety requires not only the toxicology test data of each pesticide for the calculation of the acceptable daily intake but also the joint toxic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang J, Wang H, Xu W, Hao D, Du L, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabolomic analysis of rat plasma following chronic low-dose exposure to dichlorvos. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:196-205. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112459533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - W Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - D Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - L Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - C Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang JW, Ren ZG, Cui GY, Zhang Z, Xie HY, Zhou L. Chronic bile duct hyperplasia is a chronic graft dysfunction following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1038-47. [PMID: 22416178 PMCID: PMC3296977 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i10.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate pathological types and influential factors of chronic graft dysfunction (CGD) following liver transplantation (LT) in rats.
METHODS: The whole experiment was divided into three groups: (1) normal group (n = 12): normal BN rats without any drug or operation; (2) syngeneic transplant group (SGT of BN-BN, n = 12): both donors and recipients were BN rats; and (3) allogeneic transplant group (AGT of LEW-BN, n = 12): Donors were Lewis and recipients were BN rats. In the AGT group, all recipients were subcutaneously injected by Cyclosporin A after LT. Survival time was observed for 1 year. All the dying rats were sampled, biliary tract tissues were performed bacterial culture and liver tissues for histological study. Twenty-one day after LT, 8 rats were selected randomly in each group for sampling. Blood samples from caudal veins were collected for measurements of plasma endotoxin, cytokines and metabonomic analysis, and faeces were analyzed for intestinal microflora.
RESULTS: During the surgery of LT, no complications of blood vessels or bile duct happened, and all rats in each group were still alive in the next 2 wk. The long term observation revealed that a total of 8 rats in the SGT and AGT groups died of hepatic graft diseases, 5 rats in which died of chronic bile duct hyperplasia. Compared to the SGT and normal groups, survival ratio of rats significantly decreased in the AGT group (P < 0.01). Moreover, liver necrosis, liver infection, and severe chronic bile duct hyperplasia were observed in the AGT group by H and E stain. On 21 d after LT, compared with the normal group (25.38 ± 7.09 ng/L) and SGT group (33.12 ± 10.26 ng/L), plasma endotoxin in the AGT group was remarkably increased (142.86 ± 30.85 ng/L) (both P < 0.01). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were also significantly elevated in the AGT group (593.6 ± 171.67 pg/mL, 323.8 ± 68.30 pg/mL) vs the normal (225.5 ± 72.07 pg/mL, 114.6 ± 36.67 pg/mL) and SGT groups (321.3 ± 88.47 pg/mL, 205.2 ± 53.06 pg/mL) (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Bacterial cultures of bile duct tissues revealed that the rats close to death from the SGT and AGT groups were strongly positive, while those from the normal group were negative. The analysis of intestinal microflora was performed. Compared to the normal group (7.98 ± 0.92, 8.90 ± 1.44) and SGT group (8.51 ± 0.46, 9.43 ± 0.69), the numbers of Enterococcus and Enterobacteria in the AGT group (8.76 ± 1.93, 10.18 ± 1.64) were significantly increased (both P < 0.01). Meanwhile, compared to the normal group (9.62 ± 1.60, 9.93 ± 1.10) and SGT group (8.95 ± 0.04, 9.02 ± 1.14), the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AGT group (7.83 ± 0.72, 8.87 ± 0.13) were remarkably reduced (both P < 0.01). In addition, metabonomics analysis showed that metabolic profiles of plasma in rats in the AGT group were severe deviated from the normal and SGT groups.
CONCLUSION: Chronic bile duct hyperplasia is a pathological type of CGD following LT in rats. The mechanism of this kind of CGD is associated with the alterations of inflammation, intestinal barrier function and microflora as well as plasma metabolic profiles.
Collapse
|