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Verrey D, Durand S, Thomas O, Lelévrier V, Quénel P, Le Bot B. A new washing procedure for inorganic element analysis of hair. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:706-717. [PMID: 30670772 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hair incorporates chemical compounds from the bloodstream and external sources as it grows. Different analytical procedures are proposed, but no consensus can be found for external contamination removal (washing stage). Thus, a major limitation of the use of hair analysis for human biomonitoring is the issue related to the washing efficiency, and the objective of this study was to propose a simple washing method for a better cleaning of external contamination. Based on a sequence of three steps of detergent or acid washing (Triton, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid), the TNCl method was tested on raw and spiked samples and compared to other methods. Thirty-seven inorganic elements were analyzed by inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after washing and acid digestion of 10 hair samples (Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, N, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ru, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Lu, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U). The inorganic element concentrations in the hair samples were compared to those reported in the literature. The TNCl method was shown to be more efficient than other methods based on the use of surfactants and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Verrey
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35043, France
| | - Séverine Durand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35043, France
| | - Olivier Thomas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35043, France
| | - Vanessa Lelévrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35043, France
| | - Philippe Quénel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35043, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35043, France.
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Albert O, Huang JY, Aleksa K, Hales BF, Goodyer CG, Robaire B, Chevrier J, Chan P. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and phthalates in healthy men living in the greater Montreal area: A study of hormonal balance and semen quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 116:165-175. [PMID: 29684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between exposure of young men to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) or phthalates and hormone levels or semen quality have produced inconsistent results. Our goal was to investigate the association of exposure to PBDEs or phthalate metabolites with changes in markers of thyroid (TSH, free T3 and free T4) and reproductive function (sperm concentrations, motility, and quality; serum LH and testosterone) in 153 healthy young men from the greater Montreal area. Using covariate-adjusted models, we found that each 10-fold increase in BDE-47 was associated with lower TSH levels (-17.3%; 95% CI: -31.5, 0.0; p = 0.05). BDE-47 exposure was also associated with a decrease in sperm concentration (-19.7%; 95% CI: -36.8; 2.0; p = 0.07) and motility (-25.5%; 95% CI: -44.5, 0.1; p = 0.05). Trends towards decreases in these parameters were also observed in association with exposure to BDE-100 and the sum of BDE-47, -99, and -100 (∑3BDEs). These associations were not accompanied by effects on sperm chromatin quality, as assessed with the HT-COMET assay. There were no substantial associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations, either individually or grouped by molecular weight or parent compound, and sperm quality parameters; however, there was a positive association between elevated MECCP and free T4 (0.98; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.94; p = 0.05). Inverse associations between BDE-47 and ∑3BDEs and free T3 and positive associations between MEHP and free T3 were stronger among individuals with BMI ≥ 25, suggesting that weight status may modify the effects of these endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Albert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katarina Aleksa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Goodyer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Peter Chan
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Multi-class method for biomonitoring of hair samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8725-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Investigating the use of hair to assess polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure retrospectively. Ther Drug Monit 2015; 36:244-51. [PMID: 24625542 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3182a69a8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are chemicals that are added to a variety of consumer products as flame-retardants and have been classified as emerging endocrine disruptors. They are persistent and have been detected in humans. Previous studies have suggested that hair is a suitable matrix for examining human exposure to organic pollutants such as PBDEs. It is believed that the majority of exposure is from our indoor environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in PBDE patterns and levels along the hair shaft, by using segmental analysis to retrospectively assess long-term exposure over a 1-year period. METHODS Questionnaires and hair samples from 65 women were collected at the Hospital for Sick Children, in Toronto, as part of a larger study. To assess long-term stability, hair samples were separated into 4- and 3-cm segments representing a 1-year period. Hair segments were analyzed for levels of 8 PBDE congeners, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS). A Friedman test was used to detect the differences in exposure among segments, and factors such as dietary habits, hair care routine, and site of residence were investigated to determine if they might affect hair levels. RESULTS A significant increase (P < 0.0001) in total PBDEs was seen among segments moving from proximal (root end) to distal along the hair shaft (median in pg/mg): first (33.3), second (43.0), third (61.6), and fourth (75.5) segments. Significantly lower levels of PBDEs were observed in artificially colored hair samples (P = 0.032), and a significant increase in PBDE levels was observed in women who consumed meat on a daily basis as opposed to weekly consumption (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS The increase in PBDEs along the hair shaft suggests that hair PBDEs may be influenced by diet and artificial coloring. More work is needed to validate the use of PBDEs in hair as a biomarker of long-term exposure.
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Poon S, Wade MG, Aleksa K, Rawn DFK, Carnevale A, Gaertner DW, Sadler A, Breton F, Koren G, Ernest SR, Lalancette C, Robaire B, Hales BF, Goodyer CG. Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14650-14658. [PMID: 25387207 DOI: 10.1021/es502789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of using hair as a biomarker for exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants was assessed in humans and an animal model. Paired human hair and serum samples were obtained from adult men and women (n = 50). In parallel, hair, serum, liver, and fat were collected from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to increasing doses of the PBDE mixture found in house dust for 70 days via the diet. All samples were analyzed by GC-MS for eight common PBDEs: BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, and -209. Paired human hair and serum samples had five congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -154) with significant individual correlations (0.345-0.566). In rat samples, BDE-28 and BDE-183 were frequently below the level of detection. Significant correlations were observed for BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -209 in rat hair, serum, liver, and fat across doses, with r values ranging from 0.803 to 0.988; weaker correlations were observed between hair and other tissues when data from the lowest dose group or for BDE-209 were analyzed. Thus, human and rat hair PBDE measurements correlate strongly with those in alternative matrices, validating the use of hair as a noninvasive biomarker of long-term PBDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Poon
- Hospital for Sick Children , 555 University Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Lu D, Feng C, Lin Y, Wang D, Ip HSS, Qiu X, Wang G, She J. Determination of organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human hair: estimation of external and internal exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:327-336. [PMID: 25113219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human hair samples. External contaminants of hair were extracted with acetone under sonication, while washed hair was further hydrolyzed in formic acid and acetone (1:4, v/v) with microwave assisted extraction (MAE) for internal contaminant measurements. Both internal and external extracts were cleaned up with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and then solid phase extraction (SPE), before analyzed by a large volume injection-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVI-GC-MS/MS) using triple quadruple mass analyzer. Good linearity (R(2)⩾ 0.996) was established within a concentration range between 0.1 and 100 ng mL(-)(1) among all target analytes. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The developed method is intended to be cost effective and robust for the routine human hair analysis of PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs including acid-labile OCPs. The described method has been applied in pilot biomonitoring study and the preliminary data suggested that the contaminant profiles with the use of partial least-squares analysis discriminant analysis (PLA-DA) could be useful in differentiating external and internal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
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Król S, Namieśnik J, Zabiegała B. Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in house dust and hair samples from Northern Poland; an assessment of human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 110:91-6. [PMID: 24630866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among most ubiquitous compounds to be found in indoor environment and ingestion of household dust is considered an important route of exposure to PBDEs, especially in toddlers and young children. The present work reported concentration levels of PBDE congeners (PBDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and -209) in hair and dust samples from selected households from Northern Poland. The concentrations of PBDEs in dust ranged from <MDL to 615ngg(-)(1) while from <MDL to 25ngg(-1) in human hair. PBDE-209 was reported the dominating congener. Two separated exposure scenarios (mean and 95th percentile) were used to provide a comprehensive overview of possible risks arising from ingestion of household dust. The estimated exposure to ∑PBDEs via ingestion of household dust varied from 21 to 92ngd(-1) in toddlers and from 3.7 to 20ngd(-1) in adults. By comparison of correlation between the concentrations of PBDEs in paired hair and dust samples the present work also investigated the possibility of use of hair for reflecting the actual exposure to PBDEs in humans. Finally the possible uncertainties associated with exposure assessment were investigated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Król
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bożena Zabiegała
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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Kapoor A, Lubach G, Hedman C, Ziegler TE, Coe CL. Hormones in infant rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) hair at birth provide a window into the fetal environment. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:476-81. [PMID: 24418932 PMCID: PMC3961505 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is established that maternal parity can affect infant growth and risk for several disorders, but the prenatal endocrine milieu that contributes to these outcomes is still largely unknown. Recently, it has been shown that hormones deposited in hair can provide a retrospective reflection of hormone levels while the hair was growing. Taking advantage of this finding, our study utilized hair at birth to investigate if maternal parity affected fetal hormone exposure during late gestation. METHODS Hair was collected from primiparous and multiparous mother and infant monkeys at birth and used to determine steroid hormones embedded in hair while the infant was in utero. A high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technique was refined, which enabled the simultaneous measurement of eight hormones. RESULTS Hormone concentrations were dramatically higher in neonatal compared to maternal hair, reflecting extended fetal exposure as the first hair was growing. Further, hair cortisone was higher in primiparous mothers and infants when compared to the multiparous dyads. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates that infant hair can be used to track fetal hormone exposure and a panel of steroid hormones can be quantified from hair specimens. Given the utility in nonhuman primates, this approach can be translated to a clinical setting with human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Correspondence: Dr. Amita Kapoor Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1223 Capital Court, Rm 205, Madison, WI, 53715, U.S.A. Tel: (608) 890-4386
| | - Gabriele Lubach
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Curtis Hedman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI
| | - Toni E. Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Cooke GM. Biomonitoring of human fetal exposure to environmental chemicals in early pregnancy. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:205-24. [PMID: 24828452 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.898167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The first trimester of human fetal life, a period of extremely rapid development of physiological systems, represents the most rapid growth phase in human life. Interference in the establishment of organ systems may result in abnormal development that may be manifest immediately or programmed for later abnormal function. Exposure to environmental chemicals may be affecting development at these early stages, and yet there is limited knowledge of the quantities and identities of the chemicals to which the fetus is exposed during early pregnancy. Clearly, opportunities for assessing fetal chemical exposure directly are extremely limited. Hence, this review describes indirect means of assessing fetal exposure in early pregnancy to chemicals that are considered disrupters of development. Consideration is given to such matrices as maternal hair, fingernails, urine, saliva, sweat, breast milk, amniotic fluid and blood, and fetal matrices such as cord blood, cord tissue, meconium, placenta, and fetal liver. More than 150 articles that presented data from chemical analysis of human maternal and fetal tissues and fluids were reviewed. Priority was given to articles where chemical analysis was conducted in more than one matrix. Where correlations between maternal and fetal matrices were determined, these articles were included and are highlighted, as these may provide the basis for future investigations of early fetal exposure. The determination of fetal chemical exposure, at the time of rapid human growth and development, will greatly assist regulatory agencies in risk assessments and establishment of advisories for risk management concerning environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Cooke
- a Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate , Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre , Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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