1
|
Kharrazi M, Berger K, Pearl M, Li Y, DeGuzman J, Behniwal P, Morse A, Moskalenko I, Williams RJ, She J. Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis in Six Race/Ethnicity Groups during the First Three Years after Legalization of Cannabis for Recreational Use in California. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 21:11. [PMID: 38276799 PMCID: PMC10815235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There are known health concerns linked to prenatal tobacco and cannabis exposures. This study aims to objectively determine the level of exposure to tobacco and cannabis in pregnant individuals from six race/ethnicity groups (Black, Hispanic, Asian Indian, Native American, Vietnamese, and White) in the first three years following legalization of recreational marijuana use in 2018 in California. We used a cross-sectional sample of prenatal screening program participants (2018-2020) from southern and central California (N = 925). Exposures were estimated by a lab analysis of cotinine (tobacco) and 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (OH-THC, cannabis) in banked serum. Disparities in tobacco exposure were evident, with Black subjects experiencing the highest smoking rate (16%) followed by Native American (10%) and White (8%) subjects, and ≤2% among Hispanic, Asian Indian, and Vietnamese subjects. Environmental tobacco exposure generally showed a similar pattern of exposure to tobacco smoking across race/ethnicity groups. Cannabis detection ranged from 5% among Hispanic subjects to 12% and 13% among White and Black subjects, respectively, and was higher among tobacco users and those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke than those with no cotinine detected. Tobacco and cannabis exposure were generally greatest in younger subjects and those with indices of a lower economic status; however, among Black subjects, cannabis exposure was greatest in older subjects and those with a higher socioeconomic status. Race/ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic factors can inform targeting of high-exposure groups for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Sequoia Foundation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Paramjit Behniwal
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Allison Morse
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | - Rebecca J Williams
- California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sultana D, Kauffman D, Castorina R, Paulsen MH, Bartlett R, Ranjbar K, Gunier RB, Aguirre V, Rowen M, Garban N, DeGuzman J, She J, Patterson R, Simpson CD, Bradman A, Hoover S. The East Bay Diesel Exposure Project: a biomonitoring study of parents and their children in heavily impacted communities. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00622-1. [PMID: 38102301 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust (DE) exposures pose concerns for serious health effects, including asthma and lung cancer, in California communities burdened by multiple stressors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate DE exposures in disproportionately impacted communities using biomonitoring and compare results for adults and children within and between families. METHODS We recruited 40 families in the San Francisco East Bay area. Two metabolites of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), a marker for DE exposures, were measured in urine samples from parent-child pairs. For 25 families, we collected single-day spot urine samples during two sampling rounds separated by an average of four months. For the 15 other families, we collected daily spot urine samples over four consecutive days during the two sampling rounds. We also measured 1-NP in household dust and indoor air. Associations between urinary metabolite levels and participant demographics, season, and 1-NP levels in dust and air were evaluated. RESULTS At least one 1-NP metabolite was present in 96.6% of the urine samples. Detection frequencies for 1-NP in dust and indoor air were 97% and 74%, respectively. Results from random effect models indicated that levels of the 1-NP metabolite 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (6-OHNP) were significantly higher in parents compared with their children (p-value = 0.005). Urinary 1-NP metabolite levels were generally higher during the fall and winter months. Within-subject variability was higher than between-subject variability (~60% of total variance versus ~40%, respectively), indicating high short-term temporal variability. IMPACT Biomonitoring, coupled with air monitoring, improves understanding of hyperlocal air pollution impacts. Results from these studies will inform the design of effective exposure mitigation strategies in disproportionately affected communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sultana
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Duyen Kauffman
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary Castorina
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Paulsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Russell Bartlett
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Ranjbar
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victor Aguirre
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marina Rowen
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Garban
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Regan Patterson
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Sara Hoover
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng C, Xu Q, Qiu X, Jin Y, Ji J, Lin Y, Le S, Xue L, Chen Y, She J, Xiao P, Lu D, Wang G. Profiling of pesticides and pesticide transformation products in Chinese herbal teas. Food Chem 2022; 383:132431. [PMID: 35180605 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Herbal teas have potential health benefits, but they also contain a variety of pesticides and pesticide transformation products (PTPs) that might brings health risks. Our study maps the pesticides and PTPs in two herbal teas (chrysanthemum and Lusterleaf Holly) from two main producing areas in China. Almost all 122 samples contain pesticides, with concentration ranging from 0.0005 to 10.305 mg/kg. Nearly 40% carbendazim and imidacloprid in chrysanthemum teas and λ-cyhalothrin in Lusterleaf Holly have higher concentration levels than the values permitted in EC Regulation No. 396/2005. Distinct distributions of pesticides were found in different teas and production areas. Eight PTPs were identified along with their parents, and were confirmed using a biosynthetic strategy. Acute, chronic and cumulative health risk assessments of pesticides revealed acceptable results. Our study uncovers the profile of pesticides in herbal teas, and provides new insight into discovering the potential environmental pollution and food contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jieyun Ji
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Sunyang Le
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Liming Xue
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Ping Xiao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choe KY, Gajek R, Waldman J, She J. Evaluation of trace-element contamination from serum collection tubes used by the California Biobank Program. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126946. [PMID: 35180596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum samples archived by the California Biobank Program (CBP) can be a valuable resource to researchers with multiple benefits: affordability, relatively large sample sizes, and racial and geographical representativeness. However, there has been little attention given to the reliability of CBP samples for trace-element analysis. The objectives of this study are to estimate the contamination levels from the serum separation tubes (SST, BD 367983) utilized by the CBP for 13 trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb and U) and to evaluate the feasibility of the use of CBP serum samples for biomonitoring trace elements in human body. METHODS Serum separation tubes were tested using deionized (DI) water and whole blood and compared with two alternative sampling devices, plasma separation tubes (PST, BD 365047) and acid-cleaned blood tubes (ABT, BD 367856). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The leaching tests for SSTs with DI water demonstrated that detectable levels of Cr, Mn, Co, Sr, Sb, Pb and U were measured, while Sb was elevated. Tests of PSTs also revealed contamination of Mn, Co, Sr and Sb, with Co and Sr being much higher than those found from SSTs. As a more direct approach to estimate trace element contamination, a 45-day time series was conducted using human blood. The differences in elemental concentrations leached into serum/plasma was not considerable between the three types of sampling tubes for Cr, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Hg and Tl. However, SSTs had far greater concentrations than the ABTs for Mn, Co, Sr, Sb and U. For Co and Sr, the PSTs had higher concentrations throughout the experiment than both ABTs and SSTs. Pb showed lower concentrations from the PSTs than the other tubes; we speculate this may be due to re-suspension of settled cellular materials that are elevated in Pb, or re-dissolution of Pb from these materials. Trace-element measurements from 200 samples archived by the CBP using SSTs suggest that SST contamination was negligible for Se and Mo. For Mn, As, Sr, Cd and Hg, based on our leaching results, only a fraction of these samples had considerably high concentrations (e.g., > 10×) compared to the contamination from the SST. For Cr, Co, Sb, Tl, Pb and U, analyte levels were too low in most samples compared to the contamination from the SSTs. Our study also demonstrated that the PSTs could be a "cleaner" alternative to SSTs for analytes such as Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Tl, Pb and U.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Key-Young Choe
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Ryszard Gajek
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Jed Waldman
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berger K, Pearl M, Kharrazi M, Li Y, DeGuzman J, She J, Behniwal P, Lyall K, Windham G. The association of in utero tobacco smoke exposure, quantified by serum cotinine, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2021; 14:2017-2026. [PMID: 34165248 PMCID: PMC10752221 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on in utero exposure to maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or maternal active smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have not been entirely consistent, and no studies have examined in utero cotinine concentrations as an exposure classification method. We measured cotinine in stored second trimester maternal serum for 498 ASD cases and 499 controls born in California in 2011-2012. We also obtained self-reported maternal cigarette smoking during and immediately prior to pregnancy, as well as covariate data, from birth records. Using unconditional logistic regression, we found no association between log10 cotinine concentrations and odds for developing ASD among children of non-smokers (aOR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.69, 1.25] per ng/ml), which represents exposure to ETS, though there may be a possible interaction with race. We found no association between cotinine-defined smoking (≥3.08 ng/ml vs. <3.08 ng/ml) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.35, 1.54)) or self-reported smoking (aOR: 1.64 [95% CI: 0.65, 4.16]) and ASD. In one of the few studies of ETS and the first with measured cotinine, our results indicate no overall relationship between in utero exposure to tobacco smoke from maternal ETS exposure or active smoking, and development of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study found that women who smoke or are exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are not more likely to have children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This is the first ASD study to measure a chemical in the mother's blood during pregnancy to identify exposure to tobacco smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Marty Kharrazi
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Paramjit Behniwal
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gayle Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng C, Xu Q, Qiu X, Jin Y, Ji J, Lin Y, Le S, She J, Lu D, Wang G. Evaluation and application of machine learning-based retention time prediction for suspect screening of pesticides and pesticide transformation products in LC-HRMS. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129447. [PMID: 33476874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Computational QSAR models have gradually been preferred for retention time prediction in data mining of emerging environmental contaminants using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Generally, the model performance relies on the components such as machine learning algorithms, chemical features, and example data. In this study, we evaluated the performances of four algorithms on three feature sets, using 321 and 77 pesticides as the training and validation sets, respectively. The results were varied with different combinations of algorithms on distinct feature sets. Two strategies including enhancing the complexity of chemical features and enlarging the size of the training set were proved to improve the results. XGBoost, Random Forest, and lightGBM algorithms exhibited the best results when built on a large-scale chemical descriptors, while the Keras algorithm preferred fingerprints. These four models have comparable prediction accuracies that at least 90% of pesticides in validation set can be successfully predicted with ΔRT <1.0 min. Meanwhile, a blended prediction strategy using average results from four models presented a better result than any single model. This strategy was used for assisting identification of pesticides and pesticide transformation products in 120 strawberry samples from a national survey of food contamination. Twenty pesticides and twelve pesticide transformation products were tentatively identified, where all pesticides and two pesticide transformation products (bifenazate diazene and spirotetramat-enol) were confirmed by standard materials. The outcome of this study suggested that retention time prediction is a valuable approach in compound identification when integrated with in silico MS2 spectra and other MS identification strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jieyun Ji
- Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Sunyang Le
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin Y, Le S, Feng C, Qiu X, Xu Q, Jin S, Zhang H, Jin Y, Wen Y, Xu H, Liu P, Rao Q, She J, Lu D. Exposure and health risk assessment of secondary contaminants closely related to brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk in shanghai. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115121. [PMID: 33139099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), as the secondary environmental pollutants of the widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), possess the similar physicochemical and toxic properties as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). However, studies on human body exposure to them are extremely limited. In this study, forty human milk samples collected in Shanghai were measured for 13 PBDD/F congeners using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), to investigate their exposure level and characteristics, potential source and corresponding health risks to breastfed infants. The results showed no PBDDs but three PBDF congeners including 2,3,7,8-TBDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF and OBDF (mean concentration (detection rates) are 3.2 pg/g (72.5%), 9.5 pg/g (100%) and 28 pg/g (67.5%), respectively) were detected. The average toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ, 0.42 pg/g lw) presented the highest concentration level compared to other regions reported. The contribution of PBDFs to the total TEQ of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs is 6.8%. The correlation between PBDD/Fs and age or dietary habits was not observed, which normally existed in their chlorinated analogues-PCDD/Fs. Significant correlations were observed between PBDFs and highly brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (especially for BDE 183 and BDE 209). The correlation between PCDD/Fs and PBDFs was not observed except 2,3,7,8-TBDF. The high PBDFs exposure in Shanghai may originate from the emission of PBDEs and/or non-PBDE BFRs in environment, according to the consistency of the environmental data previously reported. The average estimated dietary intakes (EDI) for breastfed infants is 2.0 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day (0.13-13 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day), within the range of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for TCDD (1-4 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, given the high toxicity of PBDD/Fs, the potential health risks of these pollutants for breastfed infants should be of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Sunyang Le
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shuping Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yimin Wen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shanghai Hongqiao Street Community Health Service Center, No.4 Lane 961 Hongqiao Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Jiangzhen Community Health Service Center, 762 Dongting Road, Shanghai, 201202, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
She J, Zhuo B. Meta-analysis comparing impact of age, sex and renal function on the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants vs. vitamin K antagonists for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolisms. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
New direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs), as a preferable treatment option for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been recommended with practical advantages as compared to Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in clinical practice.
Purpose
In our study, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of NOACs vs. VKAs in patients with different age, sex and renal function for the treatment of VTE.
Methods
Electronic databases (accessed October 2019) were systematically searched to identify RCTs evaluating apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban versus VKAs for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism.
Results
NOACs was associated with a borderline higher efficacy in female (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.02), and a significantly higher efficacy in patients with age more than 75 (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.80) and creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–0.99). NOACs also show advantage in terms of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding in male (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.86), and patients with creatinine clearance more than 50 mL/min (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67–0.84).
Conclusions
NOACs have exhibited clinical preference among patients with acute VTE as compared to VKA with significantly decreased thrombosis events and lower bleeding complications, especially in patients with age more than 75 and creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800390) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi province (2018KW067).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J She
- First Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - B.Z Zhuo
- First Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo G, Shi F, Zhu J, Shao Y, Gong W, Zhou G, Wu H, She J, Shi W. Piperine, a functional food alkaloid, exhibits inhibitory potential against TNBS-induced colitis via the inhibition of IκB-α/NF-κB and induces tight junction protein (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) signaling pathway in experimental mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:477-491. [PMID: 31835924 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119892042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Piperine, an alkaloid, has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiulcer potential. AIM To elucidate the plausible mechanisms of action of piperine on experimental trinitrobenzenesufonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis by assessing various biochemical, molecular, histological, and ultrastructural modifications. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Then, the rats were treated with piperine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. RESULTS TNBS induced significant (p < 0.05) colonic damage, which was assessed by disease activity index, macroscopic score, and stool consistency. The administration of piperine (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) these damages. Treatments with piperine (20 and 40 mg/kg) notably inhibited (p < 0.05) the TNBS-induced elevation of oxido-nitrosative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide), 5-hydroxytryptamine, and hydroxyproline content in the colon. Furthermore, colonic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were upregulated after TNBS instillation and piperine (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) these elevated mRNA expressions. TNBS decreased the expressions of tight junction (TJ) protein (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) and increased the expressions of proapoptotic (caspase-1) protein. These expressions were markedly inhibited (p < 0.05) by piperine treatment. Histological and ultrastructural studies of transmission electron microscopy suggested that piperine significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) TNBS-induced colonic aberrations. CONCLUSION Piperine ameliorated the progression of TNBS-induced colitis by modulating the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL's), COX-2, iNOs, oxido-nitrosative stress, and proapoptotic proteins (caspase-1) that may improve the expression of TJ protein (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guo
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - F Shi
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - W Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - G Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - J She
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - W Shi
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang L, Qiu F, Li Y, Wang S, DeGuzman J, Wang J, She J. Determination of carbazole and halogenated carbazoles in human serum samples using GC-MS/MS. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 184:109609. [PMID: 31518828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole and halogenated carbazoles have been widely detected throughout the environment in soil, river deposits, and lake sediments. Human exposure to these compounds may occur through inhalation, drinking water, dietary intake and/or skin contact, and exposure levels in the body may be evaluated by measuring them in serum or blood. This paper reports the method development and validation for the analysis of carbazole and 11 halogenated carbazoles in human blood and/or serum samples. A small sample size of 100 μL of blood or serum was employed for the analysis. The samples were prepared through salting-out liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) by using hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1, v/v) as the extraction solvent and aqueous MgSO4 (37.5 wt%) as the salting-out regent, respectively. Sample analysis was performed using gas-chromatography (GC) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) in an electron impact (EI) mode. The developed method demonstrated low detection limits in the range of 0.02-0.27 ng/mL, intra-day accuracy ranging from 81.2% to 125%, and inter-day accuracy from 91.0% to 117%. The intra- and inter-day precisions, calculated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), were in the ranges of 1.0-16.0% and 1.8-16.4%, respectively. The developed method was applied to the analysis of 50 human serum samples collected from pregnant women in Southern California in 2012. Low concentrations of carbazole were measured in 18 samples, while halogenated carbazoles were not detected in any of the samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood (Zhoushan Municipal District Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Zhoushan, 316021, China; Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Fengmei Qiu
- Daishan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Daishan, Zhejiang, 316200, China
| | - Ying Li
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ye Y, Luo Q, Jiang HQ, Zhang J, Wang J, She J. [Renal clear cell carcinoma transferred to infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa: A case report]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:998-999. [PMID: 31623054 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRenal clear cell carcinoma is prone to distant metastasis, especially in the head and neck, but it is rare to transfer to infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa. We reported a 62-year-old male patient with complains of numbness and burning sensation on the left side of the face for more than 3 months. Left kidney removal was performed 8 years ago due to renal cancer. Preoperative enhancement CT showed a large blood-rich occupation in the left nasopharyngeal and pterygopalatine with adjacent paranasal sinus and skull base bone destruction. Under the general anesthesia, the anterior lacrimal recess approach was used for tumor resection. Preoperative interventional embolization of the feeding artery, intraoperative pathology, frozen section showed metastasis of renal cell carcinoma, and postoperative immunohistochemical examination, confirmed metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma(infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa). The patients were transferred to the oncology department for further radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong LJ, She J, Zhu L. [The role of leukotriene in the pathogenesis of cough variant asthma]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019; 42:219-222. [PMID: 30845400 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
13
|
Jiang J, Ip HSS, Zhou J, Guan Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Garrotto N, Lu Y, DeGuzman J, She J. Supported-liquid phase extraction in combination with isotope-dilution gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine. Environ Pollut 2019; 248:304-311. [PMID: 30802744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with a number of them being carcinogenic. One of the approaches to assess human exposure to PAHs is to measure their urinary metabolites, monohydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), with a method allowing for high throughput and short turn-around time. We developed a method to quantify nine urinary OH-PAHs by using supported liquid phase extraction (SLE) and isotope dilution gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). SLE demonstrated advantages over the traditionally used liquid-liquid extraction techniques. The target analytes with spiked deuterated and 13C-labeled internal standards were extracted from urine by SLE after enzymatic cleavage of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The extracted analytes were then derivatized with N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Six solvent mixtures were evaluated as the SLE extraction solvent, and pentane:chloroform (7:3, v/v) was selected due to its best overall analytical performance. Method detection limits for the 9 analytes ranged from 2.3 to 13.8 pg/mL. Precision and accuracy were satisfactory. SLE and internal isotope labeled standard combination reduced matrix effect effectively. This new method using SLE sample preparation techniques coupled with GC-MS/MS proves applicable to urinary measurements for PAH exposure studies for general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA; Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Junqiang Zhou
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Yufeng Guan
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Natalia Garrotto
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Yifu Lu
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berger KP, Kogut KR, Bradman A, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Parra KL, Harley KG. Personal care product use as a predictor of urinary concentrations of certain phthalates, parabens, and phenols in the HERMOSA study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2019; 29:21-32. [PMID: 29317738 PMCID: PMC6037613 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-017-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Use of personal care products, such as makeup, soaps, and sunscreen, may expose adolescent girls to potential endocrine disruptors, including phthalates, parabens, and other phenols. We evaluated the relationship between recent self-reported personal care product use and concentrations for urinary metabolites of phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in 100 Latina adolescents. Girls who reported using makeup every day vs. rarely/never had higher urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (102.2 ng/mL vs. 52.4 ng/mL, P-value: 0.04), methyl paraben (MP) (120.5 ng/mL vs. 13.4 ng/mL, P-value < 0.01), and propyl paraben (PP) (60.4 ng/mL vs. 2.9 ng/mL, P-value < 0.01). Girls who reported recent use of specific makeup products, including foundation, blush, and mascara, had higher urinary concentrations of MEP, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), MP, and PP. Use of Colgate Total toothpaste was associated with 86.7% higher urinary triclosan concentrations. Use of sunscreen was associated with 57.8% higher urinary concentrations of BP-3. Our findings suggest that personal care product use is associated with higher exposure to certain phthalates, parabens, and other phenols in urine. This may be especially relevant in adolescent girls who have high use of personal care products during a period of important reproductive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Qi Gavin
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Rana Zahedi
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | | | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
She J. P3855Dual versus single antiplatelet therapy in combination with antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J She
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China People's Republic of
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu N, Shu S, Lin Y, She J, Ip HSS, Qiu X, Zhu Y. High efficiency cabin air filter in vehicles reduces drivers' roadway particulate matter exposures and associated lipid peroxidation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188498. [PMID: 29176859 PMCID: PMC5703570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Commuters who spend long hours on roads are exposed to high levels of traffic related air pollutants (TRAPs). Despite some well-known multiple adverse effects of TRAPs on human health, limited studies have focused on mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. In this study, we measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations inside and outside 17 taxis simultaneously while they were driven on roadways. The drivers’ urinary monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations just before and right after the driving tests were also determined. Data were collected under three driving conditions (i.e. no mitigation (NM), window closed (WC), and window closed plus using high efficiency cabin air filters (WC+HECA)) for each taxi and driver. The results show that, compared to NM, the WC+HECA reduced in-cabin PM2.5 and UFP concentrations, by 37% and 47% respectively (p < 0.05), whereas the reductions on PAH exposures were insignificant. Although nonsignificant, a reduction of 17% was also observed in the drivers’ urinary MDA under WC+HECA. The MDA concentrations were found to be significantly associated with the in-cabin PM2.5 and UFP concentrations, suggesting the reduction of the drivers’ lipid peroxidation can be at least partially attributed to the PM2.5 and UFP reduction by WC+HECA. Overall, these results suggest HECA filters have potential to reduce particle levels inside taxis and protect drivers’ health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Shi Shu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California, United States
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California, United States
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu D, Jin Y, Feng C, Wang D, Lin Y, Qiu X, Xu Q, Wen Y, She J, Wang G, Zhou Z. Multi-analyte method development for analysis of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PBDE metabolites in human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5307-5317. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
18
|
Lodd E, She J, Fleming TH, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Glo1-/- zebrafish mutants display differential susceptibility of vascular and renal systems. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Lodd
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J She
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Mannheim, Germany
| | - TH Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - PP Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kroll
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luderer U, Christensen F, Johnson WO, She J, Ip HSS, Zhou J, Alvaran J, Krieg EF, Kesner JS. Associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and reproductive function during menstrual cycles in women. Environ Int 2017; 100:110-120. [PMID: 28065424 PMCID: PMC5291797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Essentially all women are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials, including fossil fuels, wood, foods, and tobacco. PAHs are ovarian toxicants in rodents, and cigarette smoking is associated with reproductive abnormalities in women. Biomonitoring of hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites in urine provides an integrated measure of exposure to PAHs via multiple routes and has been used to characterize exposure to PAHs in humans. We hypothesized that concentrations of OH-PAHs in urine are associated with reproductive function in women. We recruited women 18-44years old, living in Orange County, California to conduct daily measurement of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) using a microelectronic fertility monitor for multiple menstrual cycles; these data were used to calculate endocrine endpoints. Participants also collected urine samples on cycle day 10 for measurement of nine OH-PAHs. Models were constructed for eight endpoints using a Bayesian mixed modeling approach with subject-specific random effects allowing each participant to act as a baseline for her set of measurements. We observed associations between individual OH-PAH concentrations and follicular phase length, follicular phase LH and E13G concentrations, preovulatory LH surge concentrations, and periovulatory E13G slope and concentration. We have demonstrated the feasibility of using urinary reproductive hormone data obtained via fertility monitors to calculate endocrine endpoints for epidemiological studies of ovarian function during multiple menstrual cycles. The results show that environmental exposure to PAHs is associated with changes in endocrine markers of ovarian function in women in a PAH-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Luderer
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health and Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Dept of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Fletcher Christensen
- Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Wesley O Johnson
- Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Junqiang Zhou
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Josephine Alvaran
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Krieg
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - James S Kesner
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morello-Frosch R, Cushing LJ, Jesdale BM, Schwartz JM, Guo W, Guo T, Wang M, Harwani S, Petropoulou SSE, Duong W, Park JS, Petreas M, Gajek R, Alvaran J, She J, Dobraca D, Das R, Woodruff TJ. Environmental Chemicals in an Urban Population of Pregnant Women and Their Newborns from San Francisco. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:12464-12472. [PMID: 27700069 PMCID: PMC6681912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to environmental pollutants in utero may increase the risk of adverse health effects. We measured the concentrations of 59 potentially harmful chemicals in 77 maternal and 65 paired umbilical cord blood samples collected in San Francisco during 2010-2011, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in serum and metals in whole blood. Consistent with previous studies, we found evidence that concentrations of mercury (Hg) and lower-brominated PBDEs were often higher in umbilical cord blood or serum than in maternal samples (median cord:maternal ratio > 1), while for most PFCs and lead (Pb), concentrations in cord blood or serum were generally equal to or lower than their maternal pair (median cord:maternal ratio ≤ 1). In contrast to the conclusions of a recent review, we found evidence that several PCBs and OCPs were also often higher in cord than maternal serum (median cord:maternal ratio > 1) when concentrations are assessed on a lipid-adjusted basis. Our findings suggest that for many chemicals, fetuses may experience higher exposures than their mothers and highlight the need to characterize potential health risks and inform policies aimed at reducing sources of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Corresponding authors: or , Telephone: (510) 643-6358 or 415-476-3198
| | - Lara J. Cushing
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bill M. Jesdale
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jackie M. Schwartz
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Weihong Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tan Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Suhash Harwani
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Syrago-Styliani E. Petropoulou
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Wendy Duong
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ryszard Gajek
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Josephine Alvaran
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Dina Dobraca
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Rupali Das
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Corresponding authors: or , Telephone: (510) 643-6358 or 415-476-3198
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Harley KG, Kogut K, Madrigal DS, Cardenas M, Vera IA, Meza-Alfaro G, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Parra KL. Reducing Phthalate, Paraben, and Phenol Exposure from Personal Care Products in Adolescent Girls: Findings from the HERMOSA Intervention Study. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:1600-1607. [PMID: 26947464 PMCID: PMC5047791 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care products are a source of exposure to potentially endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) for adolescent girls. METHODS We enrolled 100 Latina girls in a youth-led, community-based participatory research intervention study to determine whether using personal care products whose labels stated they did not contain these chemicals for 3 days could lower urinary concentrations. Pre- and postintervention urine samples were analyzed for phthalate metabolites, parabens, triclosan, and BP-3 using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) decreased by 27.4% (95% CI: -39.3, -13.2) on average over the 3-day intervention; no significant changes were seen in urinary concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP). Methyl and propyl paraben concentrations decreased by 43.9% (95% CI: -61.3, -18.8) and 45.4% (95% CI: -63.7, -17.9), respectively. Unexpectedly, concentrations of ethyl and butyl paraben concentrations increased, although concentrations were low overall and not detected in almost half the samples. Triclosan concentrations decreased by 35.7% (95% CI: -53.3, -11.6), and BP-3 concentrations decreased by 36.0% (95% CI: -51.0, -16.4). DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that techniques available to consumers, such as choosing personal care products that are labeled to be free of phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and BP-3, can reduce personal exposure to possible endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Involving youth in the design and implementation of the study was key to recruitment, retention, compliance, and acceptability of the intervention. CITATION Harley KG, Kogut K, Madrigal DS, Cardenas M, Vera IA, Meza-Alfaro G, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Parra KL. 2016. Reducing phthalate, paraben, and phenol exposure from personal care products in adolescent girls: findings from the HERMOSA Intervention Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1600-1607; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510514.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim G. Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Address correspondence to K.G. Harley, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), UC Berkeley, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Telephone: (510) 643-1310. E-mail:
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniel S. Madrigal
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Maritza Cardenas
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Irene A. Vera
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gonzalo Meza-Alfaro
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Heath, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Qi Gavin
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Heath, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Rana Zahedi
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Heath, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feng Y, Tian J, Xie HQ, She J, Xu SL, Xu T, Tian W, Fu H, Li S, Tao W, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhang W, Guo TL, Zhao B. Effects of Acute Low-Dose Exposure to the Chlorinated Flame Retardant Dechlorane 602 and Th1 and Th2 Immune Responses in Adult Male Mice. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:1406-1413. [PMID: 27081854 PMCID: PMC5010418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane (Dec) 602 has been detected in food, human blood, and breast milk, there is limited information on potential health effects, including possible immunotoxicity. OBJECTIVES We determined the immunotoxic potential of Dec 602 in mice by examining the expression of phenotypic markers on thymocyte and splenic lymphocyte subsets, Th1/Th2 transcription factors, and the production of cytokines and antibodies. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to environmentally relevant doses of Dec 602 (1 and 10 μg/kg body weight per day) for 7 consecutive days. Thymocyte and splenic CD4 and CD8 subsets and splenocyte apoptosis were examined by flow cytometric analysis. Cytokine expression was measured at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Levels of the transcription factors Th1 (T-bet and STAT1) and Th2 (GATA3) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgE were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were decreased compared with vehicle controls, and apoptosis was significantly increased in splenic CD4+ T cells. Expression (mRNA and protein) of Th2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13] increased, and that of Th1 cytokines [IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] decreased. The Th2 transcriptional factor GATA3 increased, whereas the Th1 transcriptional factors T-bet and STAT1 decreased. As additional indicators of the Th2-Th1 imbalance, production of IgG1 was significantly increased, whereas IgG2a was reduced. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we are the first to report evidence of the effects of Dec 602 on immune function in mice, with findings indicating that Dec 602 exposure favored Th2 responses and reduced Th1 function. CITATION Feng Y, Tian J, Xie HQ, She J, Xu SL, Xu T, Tian W, Fu H, Li S, Tao W, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhang W, Guo TL, Zhao B. 2016. Effects of acute low-dose exposure to the chlorinated flame retardant dechlorane 602 and Th1 and Th2 immune responses in adult male mice. Environ Health Perspect 124:1406-1413; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510314.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, State of California, Richmond, California USA
| | - Sherry Li Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hualing Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaizhang Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wuqun Tao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai L. Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin Y, Feng C, Xu Q, Lu D, Qiu X, Jin Y, Wang G, Wang D, She J, Zhou Z. A validated method for rapid determination of dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk: focus on utility of tandem solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4897-906. [PMID: 27178547 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An improved method based on tandem solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) has been validated for a rapid determination of dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), marker polychlorinated biphenyls (M-PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using a large volume (50 mL) of human milk. This method was well validated for the measurement of these analytes in human milk from the general population with low limits of detection (LODs, 0.004-0.12 ng/g lipid), satisfactory accuracy (75-120 % of recoveries), and precision [less than 10 % of relative standard deviations (RSDs)]. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of this method, a good, presently validated and routinely used method based on an automated sample clean-up system (ASCS, based on the commercial acid multilayer silica, basic alumina, and carbon columns) was used in parallel for comparison. Compared with the ASCS method, this method presented comparable specificity. Additionally, this method, in contrast to ASCS method, highly reduced consumption of solvents (40 mL versus 500 mL), which results in much lower background in the procedural blank, reduced time, and enhanced sample pretreatment throughput. This method was also applied in a pilot study to measure a batch of human milk samples with satisfactory results. Graphical Abstract Characteristics of the application of tandem SPE cleanup for determination of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs,M-PCBs and PBDEs in human milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Dongli Wang
- California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health/Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu D, Zhang S, Wang D, Feng C, Liu S, Jin Y’, Xu Q, Lin Y, Wu C, Tang L, She J, Wang G, Zhou Z. Identification of flurochloridone metabolites in rat urine using liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1445:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Waldman JM, Gavin Q, Anderson M, Hoover S, Alvaran J, Ip HSS, Fenster L, Wu NT, Krowech G, Plummer L, Israel L, Das R, She J. Exposures to environmental phenols in Southern California firefighters and findings of elevated urinary benzophenone-3 levels. Environ Int 2016; 88:281-287. [PMID: 26821331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters are at increased risk for exposure to toxic chemicals compared to the general population, but few studies of this occupational group have included biomonitoring. We measured selected phenolic chemicals in urine collected from 101 Southern California firefighters. The analytes included bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan, benzophenone-3 (BP-3), and parabens, which are common ingredients in a range of consumer products. BP-3, BPA, triclosan, and methyl paraben were detected in almost all study subjects (94-100%). The BP-3 geometric mean for firefighters was approximately five times higher than for a comparable National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) subgroup. Demographic and exposure data were collected from medical records and via a questionnaire, and covariates were examined to assess associations with BP-3 levels. BP-3 levels were elevated across all firefighter age groups, with the highest levels observed in the 35 to 39year old group. Body fat percentage had a significant inverse association with BP-3 concentrations. Our results indicate pervasive exposure to BP-3, BPA, triclosan, and methyl paraben in this population of firefighters, consistent with studies of other populations. Further research is needed to investigate possible explanations for the higher observed BP-3 levels, such as occupational or California-specific exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed M Waldman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Qi Gavin
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Anderson
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Sara Hoover
- Safer Alternatives Assessment and Biomonitoring Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Josephine Alvaran
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Laura Fenster
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Nerissa T Wu
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Gail Krowech
- Safer Alternatives Assessment and Biomonitoring Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Plummer
- Safer Alternatives Assessment and Biomonitoring Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Israel
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rupali Das
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu D, Lin Y, Feng C, Wang D, She J, Shen H, Wang G, Zhou Z. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in breast milk in Shanghai, China: A temporal upward trend. Chemosphere 2015; 137:14-24. [PMID: 25966445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk samples were collected from 150 mothers in 2011 and 2012 in Shanghai, China and analyzed for 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs). The up-bound Toxic Equivalent Quantity (TEQ) ranged from 0.27 to 16.8 pg TEQ/g lipid (mean 5.4 pg TEQ/g lipid) for ∑PCDD/Fs and from 0.75 to 10.2 pg TEQ/g lipid (mean 2.9 pg TEQ/g lipid) for ∑DL-PCBs. TEQs in our study were lower than those in most countries worldwide, and displayed a notable uptrend, in contrast with those in China's national survey in 2007. TEQs in mother milks from urban areas were higher than those from rural areas, and an orderly distribution was found in four geographical regions: Eastern China>Central China≈Southwestern China>Northwestern China. Levels of analytes in Shanghai native mothers' milk ranked the first among those from all provinces and cities investigated. Migrant mothers to Shanghai from other inland provinces could potentially represent the population for exposure and risk assessment in their birth and grown-up places. Both the distribution and the uptrend were associated with release of these pollutants due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Fine correlations were observed between TEQs and age of mothers, and weak correlations between TEQs and consumption of meat & meat products. Participants, who preferred both fresh water and marine fish to freshwater fish only, were prone to be exposed to higher level of PCBs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) doses for breastfed neonates entirely exceeded the tolerable intake dose by WHO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China; School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li J, Lu S, Liu G, Zhou Y, Lv Y, She J, Fan R. Co-exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and toluene and their dose-effects on oxidative stress damage in kindergarten-aged children in Guangzhou, China. Sci Total Environ 2015; 524-525:74-80. [PMID: 25889546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene and toluene (BT) are ubiquitous toxic pollutants in the environment. Children are sensitive and susceptible to exposure to these contaminants. To investigate the potential oxidative DNA damage from the co-exposure of PAHs and BT in children, 87 children (aged 3-6) from a kindergarten in Guangzhou, China, were recruited. Ten urinary PAHs and four BT metabolites, as well as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage)in urine, were determined using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer. The results demonstrated that the levels of PAHs and BT in children from Guangzhou were 2-30 times higher than those in children from the other countries based on a comparison with recent data from the literature. In particular, the difference is more substantial for pyrene and volatile BT. Co-exposure to PAHs and BT could lead to additive oxidative DNA damage. Significant dose-effects were observed between the sum concentration of urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (∑OH-PAHs), the sum concentration of the metabolites of BT (∑BT) and 8-OHdG levels. Every one percent increase in urinary PAHs and BT generated 0.33% and 0.02% increases in urinary 8-OHdG, respectively. We also determined that the urinary levels of PAHs and BT were negatively associated with the age of the children. Moreover, significant differences in the levels of ∑OH-PAHs and ∑BT were determined between 3- and 6-year-old children (p<0.05), which may be caused by different metabolism capabilities or inhalation frequencies. In conclusion, exposure to PAHs or BT could lead to oxidative DNA damage, and 8-OHdG is a good biomarker for indicating the presence of DNA damage. There exists a significant dose-effect relationship between PAH exposure, BT exposure and the concentration of 8-OHdG in urine. Toddlers (3-4 years old) face a higher burden of PAH and BT exposure compared with older children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanxiu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanshan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, United States
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu L, She J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Tian M, Huang Q, Shah Eqani SAMA, Shen H. Online background cleanup followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in human blood. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:247-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangpo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Jianwen She
- Biochemistry Section; Environmental Health Laboratory Branch; California Department of Public Health; CA USA
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital; Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen P. R. China
| | | | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health; Institute of Urban Environment; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xiamen P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dong H, Wang Y, Ou Y, She J, Shen X, Li J, Zhang C, Liu L. Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer for chiral recognition of racemic 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diamine by HPLC. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Lu D, Feng C, Lin Y, Wang D, Ip HSS, Qiu X, Wang G, She J. Determination of organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human hair: estimation of external and internal exposure. Chemosphere 2014; 114:327-336. [PMID: 25113219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human hair samples. External contaminants of hair were extracted with acetone under sonication, while washed hair was further hydrolyzed in formic acid and acetone (1:4, v/v) with microwave assisted extraction (MAE) for internal contaminant measurements. Both internal and external extracts were cleaned up with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and then solid phase extraction (SPE), before analyzed by a large volume injection-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVI-GC-MS/MS) using triple quadruple mass analyzer. Good linearity (R(2)⩾ 0.996) was established within a concentration range between 0.1 and 100 ng mL(-)(1) among all target analytes. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The developed method is intended to be cost effective and robust for the routine human hair analysis of PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs including acid-labile OCPs. The described method has been applied in pilot biomonitoring study and the preliminary data suggested that the contaminant profiles with the use of partial least-squares analysis discriminant analysis (PLA-DA) could be useful in differentiating external and internal exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shen H, Xu W, Peng S, Scherb H, She J, Voigt K, Alamdar A, Schramm KW. Pooling samples for "top-down" molecular exposomics research: the methodology. Environ Health 2014; 13:8. [PMID: 24524244 PMCID: PMC3978125 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposomics is the cutting-edge concept of screening the environmental risk factors for disease. In the novel "top-down" approach, we estimate the molecular exposome by measuring all body fluid analytes in a case-controlled study. However, to detect diverse pollutants, a sufficient sample size and multiple analytical methods are required. This may lead to dramatically increased costs and research workload. METHODS To help reduce complexity, we suggest a sample pooling strategy along with a scheme for combining both general unknown or multi-targeted screening with targeted analysis. The sample pooling method was tested using computer simulations. RESULTS By comprehensively analysis of pooled samples, it is possible to identify environmental risk factors. Factors are initially screened in the pooled case and control population samples, then in the randomized grouped and pooled case and control subpopulation samples. In the sample grouping, five or more pools were suggested for groups having 30 individuals per pool. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sample pooling is a useful strategy for exposomics research, which provides a hypothesis-free method for pollutant risk screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Weipan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Hagen Scherb
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85765 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Kristina Voigt
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85765 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang D, Behniwal P, Fan R, Simon Ip HS, She J. Matrix effects in analysis of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides in urine by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer. J Environ Sci Health B 2013; 48:177-182. [PMID: 23356338 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.730021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DAPs) are used as biomarkers to evaluate human exposure to organophosphate pesticides. The objective was to evaluate potential artifacts in urinary DAPs analysis during sample preparation and method calibration. Diluted urine pools were commonly used to prepare calibration standards to minimize the effects due to the complexity of urine matrix. Matrix effects on measurements of DAPs were evaluated by spiking known amount of standards into distilled water, synthetic urine and diluted urine pool. Different matrices resulted in similar concentrations detected for all target compounds, except dimethylphosphate (DMP) with the deviation of measurement as large as eight times the spiked amount. In this study, we also found that urinary particles, which usually appeared after thawing frozen human urine samples, could affect the measurements of DAPs, especially DMP and diethylthiophosphate (DETP). Results of DAPs measurements in three types of sample matrices, i.e. urine without particles, urine with particles and particles only were compared. DETP could be subject to large error during this preparation step. The use of deuterated and (13)C(12)-labeled DAPs as internal standards is also evaluated. Overall, these issues can cause misidentification and inaccuracies, which may significantly affect the data quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California 94804, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Salami F, Abels M, Hyöty H, Vaziri-Sani F, Aronsson C, Vehik K, Delli A, Hagopian W, Rewers M, Ziegler A, Simell O, Akolkar B, Krischer J, She J, Lernmark A. DETECTION OF LACTOBACILLI IN MONTHLY MAIL-IN STOOL SAMPLES FROM 3-18 MONTHS OLD INFANTS AT GENETIC RISK FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2012; 7:135-144. [PMID: 25045339 PMCID: PMC4101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility to detect lactobacilli in mail-in infant stools collected monthly from 3-18 months old children was investigated. The aim was to determine total lactobacilli and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) content (ng/g feces) in 50 infants each from Colorado (648 samples), Finland (624 samples) and Sweden (685 samples) who participated in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. Total lactobacilli content varied markedly between 5 and 16,800 ng/g feces in the three clinical sites within and between individuals especially in infants. L.plantarum also varied markedly intra- and inter-individually from <0.5 - 736 ng/g feces. A higher variability of total lactobacilli was found before 10 months of age than after in the three different clinical sites. Sweden had the lowest total lactobacilli content compared to Colorado and Finland while the L.plantarum content was higher in Sweden. Mail-in stool samples from infants should prove useful in analyzing probiotics in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Salami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Abels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - F Vaziri-Sani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ca Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Vehik
- Morsani College of Medicine, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - A Delli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wa Hagopian
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ag Ziegler
- Diabetes Research Institute, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - O Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - J Krischer
- Morsani College of Medicine, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu W, Bao H, Liu F, Liu L, Zhu YG, She J, Dong S, Cai M, Li L, Li C, Shen H. Environmental exposure to arsenic may reduce human semen quality: associations derived from a Chinese cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2012; 11:46. [PMID: 22776062 PMCID: PMC3419631 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent observations in in vitro and in vivo models suggest that arsenic (As) is an endocrine disruptor at environmentally-relevant levels. When exposed to As, male rats and mice show steroidogenic dysfunction that can lead to infertility. However, the possible effects of As on human male semen quality remain obscure. METHODS We monitored the profile of As species in the urine of a reproductive-age human cohort and assessed its association with semen quality. Men (n = 96) were recruited in an infertility clinic from July 2009 to August 2010 in the Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Institute for Population and Family Planning. Five urinary As species were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Clinical information on the semen volume, sperm concentration and motility was employed to catalogue and evaluate semen quality according to WHO guidelines. As species concentrations in addition to other continuous variables were dichotomized by the medians and modelled as categorical variables in order to explore using the binary logistic regression possible associations between As exposure and semen quality. RESULTS Urinary concentrations (geometric mean ± SD, μg g(-1) creatinine) of different As species were 7.49 (± 24.8) for AsB, 20.9 (± 13.7) for DMA, 2.77 (± 3.33) for MMA, and 4.03 (± 3.67) for Asi (Asi(III )and Asi(V)). DMA concentrations above the median were significantly associated with below-reference sperm concentrations (P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), abstinence, smoking and drinking habits. In addition, smoking was positively associated with MMA. CONCLUSION Reduced parameters in human semen quality are positively associated with As exposure in a reproductive-age Chinese cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weipan Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huaqiong Bao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Institute for Population and Family Planning, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Sijun Dong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Min Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Institute for Population and Family Planning, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Institute for Population and Family Planning, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Institute for Population and Family Planning, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fan R, Wang D, Mao C, Ou S, Lian Z, Huang S, Lin Q, Ding R, She J. Preliminary study of children's exposure to PAHs and its association with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in Guangzhou, China. Environ Int 2012; 42:53-8. [PMID: 21511339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous air pollutants generated mainly from incomplete combustion such as automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. Oxidative stress is believed to be involved in carcinogenesis, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as the biomarker to assess such DNA damage. The children's urinary PAH metabolite (OH-PAHs) level were explored in Guangzhou and their associations with 8-OHdG. Two groups of subjects were selected: (1) one group (n=39, 6-7 years old) from an elementary school situated near a heavy traffic road (polluted area) and (2) another group (n=35, 4-6 years old) from a kindergarten situated in a corner of the main campus of a big university (non-polluted area). Urinary 8-OHdG and nine urinary monohydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured, including 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHN), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF), 2-, 3-, 4-, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-, 3-, 4-, 9-OHPhe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 6-hydroxychrysene (6-OHChr) and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP). All other PAH metabolites were detected in urine samples from both children groups except for 6-OHChr and 3-OHBaP. Levels of 2-OHN, 2-OHF, 3-OHPhe, 9-OHPhe and 1-OHP were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05, T-test). The elementary school children from the polluted area had higher urinary levels of 2-OHN, 2-OHF, 2-, 3-, 4-OHPhe and 1-OHP ((9.10±7.39, 3.72±2.91, 0.32±0.50, 0.37±0.28, 0.23±0.29 and 0.64±0.07 μmol/mol creatinine, respectively) than those from the control group. The results suggested that heavy traffic pollution led to higher PAH body burden. There existed no significant difference for urinary 8-OHdG concentration between two groups (p>0.05, T-test), and no strong correlations between the individual OH-PAHs and 8-OHdG. However, the urinary 8-OHdG concentration in the elementary school children from the traffic polluted area was slightly higher than those in the non-polluted area (20.87±14.42 μmol/mol creatinine vs. 16.78±13.30 μmol/mol creatinine). It may be that the potential co-exposure of the children to other pollutants affects 8-OHdG concentration besides the PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fan R, Ramage R, Wang D, Zhou J, She J. Determination of ten monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid–liquid extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 93:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Lu D, Wang D, Ip HSS, Barley F, Ramage R, She J. Measurements of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a single drop of blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 891-892:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Fan R, Wang D, Ramage R, She J. Fast and Simultaneous Determination of Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and Ten Monohydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:491-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and
Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life
Science, South China Normal University,
Guangzhou, China 510631
- Environmental Health Laboratory
Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Dongli Wang
- Environmental Health Laboratory
Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Robert Ramage
- Environmental Health Laboratory
Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory
Branch, California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Park JS, She J, Holden A, Sharp M, Gephart R, Souders-Mason G, Zhang V, Chow J, Leslie B, Hooper K. High postnatal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via breast milk in California: does BDE-209 transfer to breast milk? Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:4579-85. [PMID: 21495631 DOI: 10.1021/es103881n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk samples collected during 2003-2005 from 82 first-time mothers in 24 communities located throughout California contained levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑(tri-hexa (8))PBDEs; median = 53.3 ng/g lw, range = 9.60-1291) and polychlorinated biphenyls (∑(12)PCBs; median = 73.4 ng/g lw, range = 22.2-433) that are among the highest in the world. PBDE levels varied 100-fold. BDE-47 was the dominant PBDE congener, with levels exceeding the U.S.EPA Reference Dose (RfD) for neurodevelopmental toxicity (100 ng/kg/day) in most (60%) breast milk samples. In some samples, BDE-209 (2/82) and/or BDE-153 (5/82) were the dominant congeners, suggesting that BDE-209 can transfer to breast milk and/or break down in the mother and transfer to the nursing infant as the lower-brominated PBDEs associated with adverse effects. PBDE levels in California breast milk are approaching those of PCBs, and the trend PBDEs > PCBs may continue as PBDEs migrate from products to the indoor and outdoor environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June-soo Park
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang M, Bush S, Ghamande SA, She J. Prognostic value of serum protein biomarkers in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
|
42
|
Bai C, She J, Goolaerts A, Song Y, Shen C, Shen J, Hong Q. Stress failure plays a major role in the development of high-altitude pulmonary oedema in rats. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:584-91. [PMID: 19741034 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and exertion are considered as the two main factors in the development of high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), however its pathophysiology remains unclear. Therefore, we established a model in which 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normoxic rest, hypoxic rest, normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise. An altitude of 4,700 m was simulated using hypobaric hypoxia, while exercise consisted 48 h walk with 15-20 min breaks every 4 h. Arterial blood gas, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and histological measurements were conducted on each animal. In rats exercising in hypoxia, BAL protein and lung W/D ratio were significantly increased but no changes in BAL leukotriene B(4) and immunoglobulin M were observed. In the same group, lung histology showed typical haemorrhagic lung oedema and disruption of both alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium while hypoxia or exertion alone only induced slight endothelium and epithelium swelling/disruption. Our study established a direct link between histological and physiological evidence of HAPE-like symptoms and we demonstrated that hypoxia and exertion can synergistically induce HAPE-like symptoms in Sprague-Dawley rats without inducing lung inflammation. We therefore propose that alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium stress failure play a major role in the development of HAPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bai
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Y, She J, Xiang H, Li Y, Liu J, Li D, Yu M. Improving auscultatory blood pressure measurement with electronic and computer technology: the visual auscultation method. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:624-9. [PMID: 19265786 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The auscultatory method is used as the reference standard in all prevalent protocols for validation of noninvasive blood pressure measuring devices, and a validation study is essentially based on the comparison between the device and observer measurements. Thus, the objectivity and accuracy of observer measurements are crucial to the validation result. METHODS To provide observers with more objective information about an auscultatory measurement so that sufficient information to make measurements with greater potential objectivity and accuracy can be available, a computerized data acquisition and analysis system has been developed. It cannot only acquire and store Korotkoff sound, cuff pressure, and oscillometric pulse signals, as well as the sphygmomanometer image, but it also can display the waveforms of the three signals and the sphygmomanometer video while playing the synchronous Korotkoff sounds. With this system, observers can make their measurements via the visual auscultation method, that is to say, by watching those waveforms, instead of the sphygmomanometer, while listening for synchronized Korotkoff sounds. The system was validated according to the International Protocol (IP). RESULTS The result showed that all the differences between system measurements by the visual auscultation method and observer measurements by the conventional auscultatory method were within 4 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS The visual auscultation method achieved a high degree of accuracy, and human observers can be replaced by the system in the validation study of blood pressure measuring devices.
Collapse
|
44
|
She J, Holden A, Adelsbach TL, Tanner M, Schwarzbach SE, Yee JL, Hooper K. Concentrations and time trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic bird eggs from San Francisco Bay, CA 2000-2003. Chemosphere 2008; 73:S201-S209. [PMID: 18466953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 169 avian eggs. We analyzed randomly collected eggs of two species of piscivorous birds: Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) (n=78) and Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) (n=76). We also analyzed fail-to-hatch eggs from two species protected under the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, that breed in the San Francisco Bay region: the piscivorous California Least tern (Sterna antillarum brownii) (n=11) and the omnivorous California Clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) (n=4). San Francisco Bay eggs were collected annually for four years (2000-2003), and additional 20 eggs were collected and analyzed from Gray's Harbor, Washington in 2001. Geometric mean PBDE concentrations did not significantly differ in the three tern species, but concentrations in eggs from the fail to hatch California Clapper rail eggs were significantly lower than those found in the randomly collected tern eggs. Median concentrations of SigmaPBDEs in Caspian tern eggs for 2000-2003 were 2410, 4730, 3720 and 2880 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively, in Forster's terns 1820, 4380, 5460 and 3600 ng/g lw, respectively, and in California Least terns for 2001 and 2002 were 5060 and 5170 ng/g lw, respectively. In contrast, median SigmaPBDEs concentration in California Clapper rail eggs for 2001 was 379 ng/g lw. Five PBDEs were the major congeners found and decreased in the order BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, and -154. BDE-32, -28, -71, -66, -85, -183 were less prevalent, minor congeners, as was BDE-209, which was measured in a subset of samples. PBDE concentrations in bird eggs from San Francisco Bay were site related. There was no significant difference in PBDE concentrations in Caspian tern eggs from San Francisco Bay and Gray's Harbor, WA. Average PBDE concentrations in eggs did not significantly increase over the period 2000-2003.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen She
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hooper K, She J, Sharp M, Chow J, Jewell N, Gephart R, Holden A. Depuration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk from California first-time mothers (primiparae). Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:1271-5. [PMID: 17805415 PMCID: PMC1964891 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the rates of loss (depuration) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from mothers during lactation. Depuration rates affect infant exposure to chemicals during breast-feeding, and fetal and lactational transfers during subsequent pregnancies. OBJECTIVE Our objective in this study was to estimate depuration rates of PBDEs and PCBs using serial samples of breast milk. METHOD Nine first-time mothers (primiparae) each collected samples at 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after birth. Nine additional primiparae each collected two samples at varying time intervals (18 to > 85 weeks after birth). Analytical precision was assessed to evaluate the accuracy of measured monthly percentage declines in PBDEs and PCBs. RESULTS The four major PBDE congeners decreased 2 or 3% +/- 1% per month over the 6-month period. These decreases were consistent over a 50-fold range (21-1,330 ng/g lipid weight) of initial PBDE concentrations in breast milk. The change in PCB-153 ranged from + 0.3% to -0.6% per month, with heterogeneous slopes and greater intraindividual variability. PBDE and PCB concentrations declined 1% per month over longer periods (up to 136 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PBDEs and PCBs are not substantially (4-18%) reduced in primiparae after 6 months of breast-feeding. Consequently, the fetal and lactational exposures for a second child may not be markedly lower than those for the first. Participants were volunteers from a larger study population (n = 82), and were typical in their PBDE/PCB levels and in many demographic and lifestyle factors. These similarities suggest that our results may have broader applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hooper
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
She J, Holden A, Sharp M, Tanner M, Williams-Derry C, Hooper K. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk from the Pacific Northwest. Chemosphere 2007; 67:S307-17. [PMID: 17280703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk samples from 40 first-time mothers from the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Total PBDEs (summation operator PBDEs), calculated by summing values for the 12 PBDEs congeners analyzed, ranged from 6 to 321 ppb (lipid weight) (mean=96 ppb; median=50 ppb). In approximately 40% of the women (15/40), summation operator PBDEs>100 ppb lw in their milk, and four samples had levels >250 ppb lw. PBDE 47 was the dominant congener in most samples, whereas PBDE 153 was predominant in a few (3/40). summation operator PCBs were calculated by summing values for the 82 PCB congeners analyzed, and ranged from 49 to 415 ppb (lipid weight) (mean=147 ppb; median=126 ppb). approximately 30% of the mothers (13/40) have summation operator PBDEs> summation operator PCBs in their milk samples, and approximately 65% (25/40) have BDE 47>PCB 153 in breast milk samples, with BDE 47 averaging 3-fold greater levels than PCB 153. Clearly, the lower brominated PBDEs are surpassing PCBs as a major environmental concern in North America, and are likely affecting significant portions of the populations in these regions. PBDEs have become a major persistent organic pollutant. However, there are no positive correlations between levels of summation operator PBDEs and summation operator PCBs, or between levels of PBDE 47 and PCB 153, suggesting there may be some differences in exposure pathways for PBDEs and PCBs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen She
- Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
She J, Forsberg E, Ao XY, He SL. High-efficiency polarization beam splitters based on a two-dimensional polymer photonic crystal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/8/3/019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
48
|
Petreas M, She J, Brown FR, Winkler J, Windham G, Rogers E, Zhao G, Bhatia R, Charles MJ. High body burdens of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in California women. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111:1175-9. [PMID: 12842770 PMCID: PMC1241571 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Following our first report on elevated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in California women, we expanded our investigation to include diverse groups of local women. We analyzed additional adipose and serum samples collected in the late 1990s from San Francisco Bay Area women participating in a breast cancer study and in a reproductive study, respectively. Adipose samples (n = 32) were analyzed by low-resolution mass spectrometry in negative-ion chemical ionization mode, whereas serum samples (n = 50) were analyzed by dual-column gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The results confirmed our earlier findings. Concentrations of 2,2,4,4 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in contemporary California women ranged between 5 and 510 ng/g lipid, with a median (16.5 ng/g lipid) 3-10 times higher than those reported from Europe. In contrast, PBDEs were not measurable in any of 420 archived serum samples collected in the 1960s from San Francisco Bay Area women participating in a study of child development. BDE-47 concentrations did not increase with age or with concentrations of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB-153), suggesting other routes of exposure in addition to diet. Rising body burdens of endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as PBDEs may pose a potential public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Petreas
- Hazardous Materials Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley 94704, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hooper K, She J. Lessons from the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): precautionary principle, primary prevention, and the value of community-based body-burden monitoring using breast milk. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111:109-14. [PMID: 12515688 PMCID: PMC1241314 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Levels of chemicals in humans (body burdens) are useful indicators of environmental quality and of community health. Chemical body burdens are easily monitored using breast milk samples collected from first-time mothers (primiparae) with infants 2-8 weeks of age. Currently, there is no body-burden monitoring program using breast milk in the United States, although ad hoc systems operate successfully in several European countries. In this article we describe the value of such monitoring and important considerations of how it might be accomplished, drawing from our experiences with pilot monitoring projects. Breast milk has several advantages as a sampling matrix: It is simple and noninvasive, with samples collected by the mother. It monitors body burdens in reproductive-age women and it estimates in utero and nursing-infant exposures, all important to community health. Time-trend data from breast milk monitoring serve as a warning system that identifies chemicals whose body burdens and human exposures are increasing. Time trends also serve as a report card on how well past regulatory actions have reduced environmental chemical exposures. Body-burden monitoring using breast milk should include educational programs that encourage breast-feeding. Finally, and most important, clean breast milk matters to people and leads to primary prevention--the limiting of chemical exposures. We illustrate these advantages with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a formerly obscure group of brominated flame retardants that rose to prominence and were regulated in Sweden when residue levels were found to be rapidly increasing in breast milk. A community-based body-burden monitoring program using breast milk could be set up in the United States in collaboration with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). WIC has a large number of lactating first-time mothers: It has 6,000 clinics nationwide and serves almost half (47%) the infants born in the United States. Educational programs (e.g., those run by WIC) are needed that encourage breast-feeding, especially in lower-income communities where breast-feeding rates are low and where breast-feeding may help protect the infant from the effects of environmental chemical exposures. Education is also needed about reducing chemical body burdens. A body-burden monitoring program would provide valuable data on time trends, background levels, and community hot spots in need of mitigation and follow-up health studies; develop analytic methods for new chemicals of concern; and archive breast milk samples for future analyses of other agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hooper
- Hazardous Materials Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
As an important neurotoxin, aluminium can cause cognitive dysfunctions and mental diseases. Previous studies have reported that aluminium impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo and in vitro. Here, we utilise two models of synaptic plasticity, LTP and long-term depression (LTD) to study the effects of aluminium on synaptic plasticity in vivo. Neonatal Wistar rats were chronically exposed to aluminium from birth to weaning via the milk of dams fed with 0.3% aluminium chloride solution. Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spikes (PS) were recorded from the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult rats by electrically stimulating the perforant path. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: (1) The input/output function indicated that, as compared to controls, aluminium increased the baseline amplitude of the PS, but decreased the baseline slope of EPSP. (2) Aluminium significantly prevented LTD in PS (controls: 77.36+/-6.7%, n=7; aluminium-exposed: 102.01+/-9.1%, n=7; P<0.05) and decreased the LTD amplitude in EPSP (controls: 76.61+/-4.1%, n=7; aluminium-exposed: 94.31+/-7.9% n=7, P<0.05). (3) Aluminium reduced the amplitude of LTP in both PS (controls: 190+/-16.1%, n=7; aluminium-exposed: 135+/-9.7%, n=7; P<0.05) and EPSP (control: 132+/-9.3%, n=7; aluminium-exposed: 115+/-10.6%, n=7; P<0.05). As for LTD and LTP, PS was impaired more seriously than EPSP in aluminium-exposed rats. (4) Aluminium exposure decreased the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of PS at 30-150 ms interpulse interval (IPI), and reduced 93.5% of PPF at 80 ms IPI in PS (controls: 243.4+/-39.8%, n=7; aluminium-exposed: 149.9+/-12.3%, n=7). There was no significant difference in EPSP of PPF. From these results we conclude that aluminium exposure in neonatal rats thus reduces the amplitude of LTP and PPF and blocks the induction of LTD in the DG. We suggest that aluminium affects both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms of synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 4, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|