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Chong ZX, Yong CY, Ong AHK, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Deciphering the roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in regulating carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2023; 495:153596. [PMID: 37480978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent receptor that belongs to the superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The activation of the canonical AHR signaling pathway is known to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, facilitating the detoxification metabolism in the human body. Additionally, AHR could interact with various signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor ekappa B (NF-κβ), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways. Over the past 30 years, several studies have reported that various chemical, physical, or biological agents, such as tobacco, hydrocarbon compounds, industrial and agricultural chemical wastes, drugs, UV, viruses, and other toxins, could affect AHR expression or activity, promoting cancer development. Thus, it is valuable to overview how these factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis. Current findings have reported that many compounds could act as AHR ligands to drive the expressions of AHR-target genes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MMPs, and AXL, and other targets that exert a pro-proliferation or anti-apoptotic effect, like XIAP. Furthermore, some other physical and chemical agents, such as UV and 3-methylcholanthrene, could promote AHR signaling activities, increasing the signaling activities of a few oncogenic pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways. Understanding how various factors regulate AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes helps clinicians and scientists plan personalized therapeutic strategies to improve anti-cancer treatment efficacy. As many studies that have reported the roles of AHR in regulating carcinogenesis are preclinical or observational clinical studies that did not explore the detailed mechanisms of how different chemical, physical, or biological agents promote AHR-mediated carcinogenesis processes, future studies should focus on conducting large-scale and functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanism of how AHR interacts with different factors in regulating carcinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alan Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Geng SL, Li HY, Zhang XS, Wang T, Zhou SP, Xu WH. CBR1 decreases protein carbonyl levels via the ROS/Akt/CREB pathway to extend lifespan in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. FEBS J 2022; 290:2127-2145. [PMID: 36421037 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered a major cause of ageing and ageing-related diseases through protein carbonylation. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that confer protection against ROS. Here, we observed that, compared with nondiapause-destined pupae, high protein carbonyl levels are present in the brains of diapause-destined pupae, which is a 'non-ageing' phase in the moth Helicoverpa armigera. Protein carbonyl levels respond to ROS and decrease metabolic activity to induce diapause in order to extend lifespan. However, protein carbonylation in the brains of diapause-destined pupae still occurs at a physiological level compared to young adult brains. We find that ROS activate Akt, and Akt then phosphorylates the transcription factor CREB to facilitate its nuclear import. CREB binds to the promoter of carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) and regulates its expression. High CBR1 levels reduce protein carbonyl levels to maintain physiological levels. This is the first report showing that the moth brain can naturally control protein carbonyl levels through a distinct ROS-Akt-CREB-CBR1 pathway to extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Li D, Liang J, Yang W, Guo W, Song W, Zhang W, Wu X, He B. A distinct lipid metabolism signature of acute myeloid leukemia with prognostic value. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876981. [PMID: 35957912 PMCID: PMC9359125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy characterized by extensive genetic abnormalities that might affect the prognosis and provide potential drug targets for treatment. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism plays important roles in tumorigenesis and progression and has been newly recognized a new hallmark of malignancy, and some related molecules in the signal pathways could be prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, the clinical value of lipid metabolism reprogramming in AML has not been systematically explored. In this study, we aim to explore the clinical value of lipid metabolism reprogramming and develop a prognostic risk signature for AML. Methods We implemented univariate Cox regression analysis to identify the prognosis-related lipid metabolism genes, and then performed LASSO analysis to develop the risk signature with six lipid metabolism-related genes (LDLRAP1, PNPLA6, DGKA, PLA2G4A, CBR1, and EBP). The risk scores of samples were calculated and divided into low- and high-risk groups by the median risk score. Results Survival analysis showed the high-risk group hold the significantly poorer outcomes than the low-risk group. The signature was validated in the GEO datasets and displayed a robust prognostic value in the stratification analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed the signature was an independent prognostic factor for AML patients and could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in clinical evaluation. Furthermore, the risk signature was also found to be closely related to immune landscape and immunotherapy response in AML. Conclusions Overall, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolism in AML and constructed a risk signature with six genes related to lipid metabolism for the malignancy, prognosis, and immune landscape of AML, and our study might contribute to better understanding in the use of metabolites and metabolic pathways as the potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoxia He, ; Xuan Wu,
| | - Baoxia He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoxia He, ; Xuan Wu,
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4
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Pan Z, Liu Q, Xu J, Li W, Lin H. Microplastic contamination in seafood from Dongshan Bay in southeastern China and its health risk implication for human consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119163. [PMID: 35305345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been a considerable concern due to its ubiquity in the environment and its potential to harm human health. Unfortunately, the exact levels of MP in various species of seafood species have not been established. It is also unclear whether or not consuming seafood contaminated with MPs directly jeopardizes human health. Here, eight popular species of seafood in Dongshan Bay, China were investigated to determine the presence of MP pollution and its implications on human health. The abundance, color, size, shape, type, surface morphology, danger of the MPs extracted from the seafood were analyzed. Results showed that the average MP abundance in the shellfish and fish was 1.88 ± 1.44 and 1.98 ± 1.98 items individual-1, respectively. The heavy presence of fibers may be attributed to the shellfish and fish's feeding behaviors as well as their habitat and environment. The sizes of MPs found were below 1.0 mm. The main types of MP found in the shellfish were PES and PET, whereas the main types found in the fish were PS and PES. Risk assessment suggested that MPs in the shellfish (risk Level V) posed a greater and more direct threat to human health if the shellfish is eaten whole. The MPs in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of fish (risk Level IV) have a relatively limited effect on human health since GITs are seldom consumed by humans unless the fish is heavily processed (canned or dried). MPs-induced health risk is predicted using a technique called molecular docking. The results of this study not only establish levels of MP pollution in popular seafood species but also help understand the implications of consuming MP-contaminated seafood on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Pan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Costal Zone in Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, 363216, China; Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Strait, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Qianlong Liu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
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5
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Bell RMB, Villalobos E, Nixon M, Miguelez-Crespo A, Murphy L, Fawkes A, Coutts A, Sharp MGF, Koerner MV, Allan E, Meijer OC, Houtman R, Odermatt A, Beck KR, Denham SG, Lee P, Homer NZM, Walker BR, Morgan RA. Carbonyl reductase 1 amplifies glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue and impairs glucose tolerance in lean mice. Mol Metab 2021; 48:101225. [PMID: 33785425 PMCID: PMC8095185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbonyl reductase 1 (Cbr1), a recently discovered contributor to tissue glucocorticoid metabolism converting corticosterone to 20β-dihydrocorticosterone (20β-DHB), is upregulated in adipose tissue of obese humans and mice and may contribute to cardiometabolic complications of obesity. This study tested the hypothesis that Cbr1-mediated glucocorticoid metabolism influences glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor activation in adipose tissue and impacts glucose homeostasis in lean and obese states. METHODS The actions of 20β-DHB on corticosteroid receptors in adipose tissue were investigated first using a combination of in silico, in vitro, and transcriptomic techniques and then in vivo administration in combination with receptor antagonists. Mice lacking one Cbr1 allele and mice overexpressing Cbr1 in their adipose tissue underwent metabolic phenotyping before and after induction of obesity with high-fat feeding. RESULTS 20β-DHB activated both the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor in adipose tissue and systemic administration to wild-type mice induced glucose intolerance, an effect that was ameliorated by both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism. Cbr1 haploinsufficient lean male mice had lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance compared with littermate controls, a difference that was abolished by administration of 20β-DHB and absent in female mice with higher baseline adipose 20β-DHB concentrations than male mice. Conversely, overexpression of Cbr1 in adipose tissue resulted in worsened glucose tolerance and higher fasting glucose in lean male and female mice. However, neither Cbr1 haploinsfficiency nor adipose overexpression affected glucose dyshomeostasis induced by high-fat feeding. CONCLUSIONS Carbonyl reductase 1 is a novel regulator of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor activation in adipose tissue that influences glucose homeostasis in lean mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M B Bell
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisa Villalobos
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Nixon
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Allende Miguelez-Crespo
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Lee Murphy
- Genetics Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Angie Fawkes
- Genetics Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Audrey Coutts
- Genetics Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew G F Sharp
- Transgenics Core, Bioresearch & Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Martha V Koerner
- Transgenics Core, Bioresearch & Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma Allan
- Transgenics Core, Bioresearch & Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Renè Houtman
- Pamgene International, Den Bosch, the Netherlands.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina R Beck
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Scott G Denham
- Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Patricia Lee
- Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth A Morgan
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
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6
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Yin B, Chan CKW, Liu S, Hong H, Wong SHD, Lee LKC, Ho LWC, Zhang L, Leung KCF, Choi PCL, Bian L, Tian XY, Chan MN, Choi CHJ. Intrapulmonary Cellular-Level Distribution of Inhaled Nanoparticles with Defined Functional Groups and Its Correlations with Protein Corona and Inflammatory Response. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14048-14069. [PMID: 31725257 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the health risks associated with airborne exposure to ultrafine particles [PM0.1, or nanoparticles (NPs)] call for a comprehensive understanding in the interactions of inhaled NPs along their respiratory journey. We prepare a collection of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles that bear defined functional groups commonly identified in atmospheric particulates (Au@PEG-X NPs, where X = OCH3, COOH, NH2, OH, or C12H25). Regardless of the functional group, these ∼50 nm NPs remain colloidally stable following aerosolization and incubation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), without pronouncedly crossing the air-blood barrier. The type of BALF proteins adhered onto the NPs is similar, but the composition of protein corona depends on functional group. By subjecting Balb/c mice to inhalation of Au@PEG-X NPs for 6 h, we demonstrate that the intrapulmonary distribution of NPs among the various types of cells (both found in BALF and isolated from the lavaged lung) and the acute inflammatory responses induced by inhalation are sensitive to the functional group of NPs and postinhalation period (0, 24, or 48 h). By evaluating the pairwise correlations between the three variables of "lung-nano" interactions (protein corona, intrapulmonary cellular-level distribution, and inflammatory response), we reveal strong statistical correlations between the (1) fractions of albumin or carbonyl reductase bound to NPs, (2) associations of inhaled NPs to neutrophils in BALF or macrophages in the lavaged lung, and (3) level of total protein in BALF. Our results provide insights into the effect of functional group on lung-nano interactions and health risks associated with inhalation of PM0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon , Hong Kong
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Stapelfeld C, Dammann C, Maser E. Sex‐specificity in lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2376-2382. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stapelfeld
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - Christine Dammann
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
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Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes in the lung of experimental animals, man and in human lung models. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3419-3489. [PMID: 31673725 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The xenobiotic metabolism in the lung, an organ of first entry of xenobiotics into the organism, is crucial for inhaled compounds entering this organ intentionally (e.g. drugs) and unintentionally (e.g. work place and environmental compounds). Additionally, local metabolism by enzymes preferentially or exclusively occurring in the lung is important for favorable or toxic effects of xenobiotics entering the organism also by routes other than by inhalation. The data collected in this review show that generally activities of cytochromes P450 are low in the lung of all investigated species and in vitro models. Other oxidoreductases may turn out to be more important, but are largely not investigated. Phase II enzymes are generally much higher with the exception of UGT glucuronosyltransferases which are generally very low. Insofar as data are available the xenobiotic metabolism in the lung of monkeys comes closed to that in the human lung; however, very few data are available for this comparison. Second best rate the mouse and rat lung, followed by the rabbit. Of the human in vitro model primary cells in culture, such as alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells as well as the A549 cell line appear quite acceptable. However, (1) this generalization represents a temporary oversimplification born from the lack of more comparable data; (2) the relative suitability of individual species/models is different for different enzymes; (3) when more data become available, the conclusions derived from these comparisons quite possibly may change.
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Guo Y, Shen Y, Xia Y, Gu J. Association between CBR1 polymorphisms and NSCLC in the Chinese population. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6291-6297. [PMID: 29113280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is theorized to participate in various cellular processes, such as signal transduction, apoptosis, carcinogenesis and drug resistance, and is highly expressed in certain malignancies, including lung tumors. Several studies have provided evidence that gene polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between the CBR1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3787728 and rs2835267, and NSCLC in a Chinese population. The data indicated that the allele frequency in CBR1 rs3787728 was significantly different between patients with NSCLC and the controls [odds ratio (OR)=1.209; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.013-1.442; P=0.0349], and was significantly different between male patients with NSCLC and the corresponding controls (OR=1.278; 95% CI=1.016-1.607; P=0.0358). The CBR1 rs3787728 thymine (T)/T allele homozygote was associated with an increased risk of NSCLC in all patients (OR=1.382; 95% CI=1.019-1.875; P=0.037), and patients possessing the rs3787728 T/T major allele homozygote exhibited a 1.537-fold greater risk with respect to developing lung squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) in all patients (95% CI=1.019-2.318; P=0.0395). The CBR1 rs3787728 cytosine (C)/C allele homozygote was associated with a decreased risk of adenocarcinoma (ADC) in male patients (OR=0.633; 95% CI=0.413-0.969; P=0.0348); however, no significant association was observed in CBR1 rs2835267 between SNPs and SCC or ADC-type NSCLC. In conclusion, the results revealed that genetic polymorphisms of CBR1 rs3787728 were associated with susceptibility to NSCLC. Additional studies are required to identify the functional impact of CBR1 expression and activity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Xia
- Department of Oncology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Altered gene expression profiles in the lungs of benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:8-19. [PMID: 28987381 PMCID: PMC5703654 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory lung diseases are often additionally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like B[a]P and B[a]P-induced alterations in gene expression in these patients may contribute to the development of lung cancer. Mice were intra-nasally treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 μg/mouse) to induce pulmonary inflammation and subsequently exposed to B[a]P (0.5 mg/mouse) by intratracheal instillation. Gene expression changes were analyzed in mouse lungs by RNA microarrays. Analysis of genes that are known to be involved in the cellular response to B[a]P indicated that LPS significantly inhibited gene expression of various enzymes linked to B[a]P metabolism, which was confirmed by phenotypic analyses of enzyme activity. Ultimately, these changes resulted in higher levels of B[a]P-DNA adducts in the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P with prior LPS treatment compared to the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P alone. Using principle component analysis (PCA), we found that of all the genes that were significantly altered in their expression, those that were able to separate the different exposure conditions were predominantly related to immune-response. Moreover, an overall analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that cell-cell adhesion and cell-cell communication was inhibited in lungs of mice that received both B[a]P and LPS. Our results indicate that pulmonary inflammation increased the genotoxicity of B[a]P via inhibition of both phase I and II metabolism. Therefore, inflammation could be a critical contributor to B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis in humans. Inflammation inhibits the expression of genes involved in B[a]P metabolism. Changes in gene-expression do not necessarily reflect the changes in phenotype. Exposure to B[a]P affects the expression of genes involved in inflammation. Presence of inflammation enhances the formation of DNA adducts by B[a]P.
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11
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Morgan RA, Beck KR, Nixon M, Homer NZM, Crawford AA, Melchers D, Houtman R, Meijer OC, Stomby A, Anderson AJ, Upreti R, Stimson RH, Olsson T, Michoel T, Cohain A, Ruusalepp A, Schadt EE, Björkegren JLM, Andrew R, Kenyon CJ, Hadoke PWF, Odermatt A, Keen JA, Walker BR. Carbonyl reductase 1 catalyzes 20β-reduction of glucocorticoids, modulating receptor activation and metabolic complications of obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10633. [PMID: 28878267 PMCID: PMC5587574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl Reductase 1 (CBR1) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic enzyme important in exogenous drug metabolism but the physiological function of which is unknown. Here, we describe a role for CBR1 in metabolism of glucocorticoids. CBR1 catalyzes the NADPH- dependent production of 20β-dihydrocortisol (20β-DHF) from cortisol. CBR1 provides the major route of cortisol metabolism in horses and is up-regulated in adipose tissue in obesity in horses, humans and mice. We demonstrate that 20β-DHF is a weak endogenous agonist of the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Pharmacological inhibition of CBR1 in diet-induced obesity in mice results in more marked glucose intolerance with evidence for enhanced hepatic GR signaling. These findings suggest that CBR1 generating 20β-dihydrocortisol is a novel pathway modulating GR activation and providing enzymatic protection against excessive GR activation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Morgan
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Katharina R Beck
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nixon
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew A Crawford
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - René Houtman
- PamGene International, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Stomby
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna J Anderson
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rita Upreti
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roland H Stimson
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tom Michoel
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ariella Cohain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth Andrew
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Kenyon
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John A Keen
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Chen X, Peng H, Xiao J, Guan A, Xie B, He B, Chen Q. Benzo(a)pyrene enhances the EMT-associated migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by upregulating Twist1. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2141-2147. [PMID: 28791412 PMCID: PMC5652958 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), an important toxic component of cigarette smoke, can cause lung cancer and lead to the progression of lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of BaP on the migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BaP (1 µM) promoted the migration of A549 cells in a time-dependent manner and upregulated the expression of the Twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist1). BaP also induced upregulation of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin and downregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. When the expression of Twist1 was knocked down in A549 cells that were treated with BaP for 4 weeks (A549BaP-4w), the expression of Twist1 decreased, which inhibited the migration capacity of A549BaP-4w cells, the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was downregulated and the expression of E-cadherin was upregulated. In addition, morphological observations of A549BaP-4w cells revealed that the epithelial characteristics of A549 cells became mesenchymal characteristics. When the expression of Twist1 was knocked down, the A549BaP-4w cells were transformed back to cells with epithelial characteristics. In conclusion, the results from the present study indicate that BaP enhances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by upregulating Twist1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bixiu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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13
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Shi SM, Di L. The role of carbonyl reductase 1 in drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:859-870. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1356820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Di
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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14
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Quiñones-Lombraña A, Blair RH, Blanco JG. Investigation of the role of DNA methylation in the expression of ERBB2 in human myocardium. Gene 2017; 628:286-294. [PMID: 28735727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ERBB2 gene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. ERBB2 plays a pivotal role during heart development and is essential for normal cardiac function, particularly during episodes of cardiac stress. The monoclonal antibody drug trastuzumab is used for the therapy of breast cancers that overexpress ERBB2. The clinical use of trastuzumab is limited by the development of cardiotoxicity in some patients. Inter-individual differences in the expression of ERBB2 in cardiac tissue may impact the risk of cardiotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether DNA methylation status in the proximal promoter region of ERBB2 is associated to variable ERBB2 mRNA and ERBB2 protein expression in human myocardium. Complementary studies with ERBB2 gene reporter constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggest that differential methylation in specific CpG sites modify the binding of Sp1 to the promoter of ERBB2. DNA methylation in the ERBB2 locus may contribute to the variable expression of ERBB2 in human myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Quiñones-Lombraña
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Rachael Hageman Blair
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Javier G Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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15
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Hua W, Zhang H, Ryu S, Yang X, Di L. Human Tissue Distribution of Carbonyl Reductase 1 Using Proteomic Approach With Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1405-1411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ghosh A, Abdelwahab SH, Reeber SL, Reidel B, Marklew AJ, Garrison AJ, Lee S, Dang H, Herring AH, Glish GL, Kesimer M, Tarran R. Little Cigars are More Toxic than Cigarettes and Uniquely Change the Airway Gene and Protein Expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46239. [PMID: 28447619 PMCID: PMC5406835 DOI: 10.1038/srep46239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Little cigars (LCs) are regulated differently than cigarettes, allowing them to be potentially targeted at youth/young adults. We exposed human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs) to air or whole tobacco smoke from cigarettes vs. LCs. Chronic smoke exposure increased the number of dead cells, lactate dehydrogenase release, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion and decreased apical cilia, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein levels, and transepithelial resistance. These adverse effects were significantly greater in LC-exposed HBECs than cigarette exposed cultures. LC-exposure also elicited unique gene expression changes and altered the proteomic profiles of airway apical secretions compared to cigarette-exposed HBECs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that LCs produced more chemicals than cigarettes, suggesting that the increased chemical load of LCs may be the cause of the greater toxicity. This is the first study of the biological effects of LCs on pulmonary epithelia and our observations strongly suggest that LCs pose a more severe danger to human health than cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sabri H. Abdelwahab
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Steven L. Reeber
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Boris Reidel
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Abigail J. Marklew
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew J. Garrison
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shernita Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Amy H. Herring
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gary L. Glish
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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17
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Ertl NG, O'Connor WA, Brooks P, Keats M, Elizur A. Combined exposure to pyrene and fluoranthene and their molecular effects on the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:136-145. [PMID: 27286571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously detected in the water column, associated with particulate matter or in the tissue of marine organisms such as molluscs. PAH exposure and their resultant bioaccumulation in molluscs can cause a range of serious physiological effects in the affected animals. To examine the molecular response of these xenobiotics in bivalves, Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) were exposed to pyrene and fluoranthene for seven days. Chemical analysis of the soft-tissue of PAH stressed S. glomerata confirmed that pyrene and fluoranthene could be bioaccumulated by these oysters. RNA-Seq analysis of PAH-exposed S. glomerata showed a total of 765 transcripts differentially expressed between control and PAH-stressed oysters. Closer examination of the transcripts revealed a range genes encoding enzymes involved in PAH detoxification (e.g. cytochrome P450), innate immune responses (e.g. pathogen recognition, phagocytosis) and protein synthesis. Overall, pyrene and fluoranthene exposure appears to have resulted in a suppression of pathogen recognition and some protein synthesis processes, whereas transcripts of genes encoding proteins involved in clearance of cell debris and some transcripts of genes involved in PAH detoxification were induced in response to the stressors. Pyrene and fluoranthene exposure thus invoked a complex molecular response in S. glomerata, with results suggesting that oysters focus on removing the stressors from their system and dealing with the downstream effects of PAH exposure, potentially at the exclusion of other, less immediate concerns (e.g. protection from infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Ertl
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. wayne.o'
| | - Peter Brooks
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael Keats
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Ebert B, Kisiela M, Maser E. Transcriptional regulation of human and murine short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs) – an in silico approach. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:183-217. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2016.1167902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ebert
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Kisiela
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Detoxification of Carbonyl Compounds by Carbonyl Reductase in Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:355-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Choi S, Lim TG, Hwang MK, Kim YA, Kim J, Kang NJ, Jang TS, Park JS, Yeom MH, Lee KW. Rutin inhibits B[a]PDE-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by targeting EGFR kinase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1468-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Regulation of human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1, SDR21C1) gene by transcription factor Nrf2. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 202:126-35. [PMID: 23247010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1, SDR21C1) is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and is involved in the metabolism of anthracycline anti-cancer drugs, prostaglandins, and isatin, which is an endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidases. Additionally, cancer progression may be partly regulated by CBR1. In the present study, we screened more than 10 drugs for the induction of the human CBR1 gene to investigate its regulation. Of the drugs, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was found to be an inducer. BHA induced the mRNA and protein expression of CBR1 in hepatoma HepG2 cells. In a luciferase reporter gene assay, the promoter region between -2062 bp and the transcription start site of CBR1 was also activated by BHA. The transcription factor Nrf2 is known to be activated by BHA. There are 2 anti-oxidant responsive elements (ARE) that are bound by Nrf2 in this region. Mutation analyses revealed that one of the AREs participates in the gene regulation of CBR1 by Nrf2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that Nrf2 binds the site. Moreover, to determine whether the functional ARE of CBR1 is conserved with the promoter region of homologues in other species, the nucleotide sequences of the functional AREs of the Chcr1 and Chcr2 genes, which are the Chinese hamster homologues of CBR1, were determined. The region has 2 AREs, and these genes were also induced by the forced expression of Nrf2 (cotransfection of pNrf2) in the luciferase reporter gene assay. In conclusion, Nrf2 is a novel transcriptional regulator of CBR1 genes in humans and the Chinese hamster. Because the regulation of CBR1 appears to be important for diseases, the induction of CBR1 by Nrf2 may be a therapeutic target.
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22
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Kalabus JL, Cheng Q, Blanco JG. MicroRNAs differentially regulate carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) gene expression dependent on the allele status of the common polymorphic variant rs9024. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48622. [PMID: 23133646 PMCID: PMC3486798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of a variety of human genes. To date, their involvement in the regulation of CBR1 is unknown. This study reports for the first time the identification of microRNA-574-5p (hsa-miR-574-5p) and microRNA-921 (hsa-miR-921) as two miRNAs capable of interacting with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the CBR1 gene and downregulating CBR1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CBR1 3'-UTR (rs9024, CBR1 1096G>A) differentially impacts the regulation of CBR1 by hsa-miR-574-5p and hsa-miR-921 dependent on genotype. First, four candidate miRNAs were selected based on bioinformatic analyses, and were tested in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with CBR1 3'-UTR constructs harboring either the G or A allele for rs9024. We found that hsa-miR-574-5p and hsa-miR-921 significantly decreased luciferase activity in CHO cells transfected with the CBR1 3'-UTR construct carrying the major rs9024 G allele by 35% and 46%, respectively. The influence of these miRNAs was different in cells transfected with a CBR1 3'-UTR construct containing the minor rs9024 A allele in that only hsa-miR-574-5p had a demonstrable effect (i.e., 52% decrease in lucifersase activity). To further determine the functional effects of miRNA-mediated regulation of polymorphic CBR1, we assessed CBR1 protein expression and CBR1 enzymatic activity for the prototypical substrate menadione in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with distinct rs9024 genotypes. We found that hsa-miR-574-5p and hsa-miR-921 significantly decreased CBR1 protein (48% and 40%, respectively) and CBR1 menadione activity (54% and 18%, respectively) in lymphoblastoid cells homozygous for the major rs9024 G allele. In contrast, only hsa-miR-574-5p decreased CBR1 protein and CBR1 activity in cells homozygous for the minor rs9024 A allele, and did so by 49% and 56%, respectively. These results suggest that regulation of human CBR1 expression by hsa-miR-574-5p and hsa-miR-921 depends upon rs9024 genotype status.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Kalabus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Javier G. Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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