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Effect of Ellagic Acid on Seizure Threshold in Two Acute Seizure Tests in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164841. [PMID: 34443428 PMCID: PMC8398784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural dietary polyphenol that has many beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. Studies have revealed that EA may modulate seizure activity in chemically induced animal models of seizures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EA on the seizure threshold in two acute seizure tests in male mice, i.e., in the intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure test and in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test. The obtained results showed that EA (100 mg/kg) significantly elevated the threshold for both the first myoclonic twitch and generalized clonic seizure in the i.v. PTZ seizure test. At the highest dose tested (200 mg/kg), EA increased the threshold for tonic hindlimb extension in the MEST test. EA did not produce any significant changes in motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) or muscular strength (investigated in the grip-strength test). The plasma and total brain concentration-time profiles of EA after intraperitoneal and oral administration were also determined. Although further studies are necessary to confirm the anticonvulsant activity of EA, our findings suggest that it may modulate seizure susceptibility in animal models.
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Aslan A, Beyaz S, Gok O, Can MI, Erman F, Erman O. The impact of ellagic acid on some apoptotic gene expressions: a new perspective for the regulation of pancreatic Nrf-2/NF-κB and Akt/VEGF signaling in CCl 4-induced pancreas damage in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:145-152. [PMID: 33455449 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1869255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid (EA) in the treatment of pancreatic injury. EA has been found to have strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. The effects of EA on pancreati˜c star cell (PSC) activation and cell functions have been evaluated and it has been shown that it inhibits the activation of basic cell functions and PSCs and. it has antidiabetic activity through its effect on β-pancreas cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, 36 Wistar albino rats (n = 36, 8 weeks old) were used. Rats were divided to 4 groups and 9 rats were each group. Groups: Group 1: control group; Group 2: EA group; Group 3: carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group; Group 4: EA + CCl4 group. Animals were decapitated after 8 weeks and their pancreas tissue samples were taken and researched. In pancreas tissue, NF-κB, TNF-α, Nrf-2, VEGF, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and Akt proteins expression ratios were analyzed by western blotting method, CAT activity and GSH levels were determined by spectrophotometer and ROS production was detected by MDA. RESULTS In our results, the Nrf-2 and caspase-3 protein expressions, catalase activities and GSH levels increased, TNF-α, NF-κB, Bcl-2, VEGF, and Akt protein expressions and MDA levels reduced in EA + CCl4 group comparable to the CCl4 group. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that EA decreases pancreas tissue injury in rats and that EA may also be used as a drug against pancreas tissue injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ismail Can
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fazilet Erman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ellagic acid prevents kidney injury and oxidative damage via regulation of Nrf-2/NF-κB signaling in carbon tetrachloride induced rats. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7959-7970. [PMID: 33006714 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals, bioactive food compounds, found in plants have been described as protective agents against renal injury. This work was planned to evaluate the effects of EA on anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation pathways in kidney damage induced with carbon tetrachloride. In this study, experimental animals (n = 36, 8 weeks old rats) were divided into 4 groups as follows: 1) Control group 2) EA group (10 mg/kg body weight) 3) CCl4 group (1.5 ml/kg, body weight) 4) EA + CCl4 group. The potentially protective effect of EA on kidney damage exposed by CCl4 in rats were evaluated. EA administration protects CCl4 induced kidney damage against oxidative stress through its antioxidant protection. Treatment of EA significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and improved glutathione and catalase enzyme activity. Recently studies showed that EA activated caspase-3 and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 related factor driven antioxidant signal pathway and protected the kidney against damage induced by oxidative stress. Furthermore, EA also markedly decreased the level of cyclooxygenase-2, the vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and suppressed the protein synthesis of nuclear factor-kappa-B. This study reveals that EA has kidney protective effect against CCl4 induced oxidative damage and inflammation.
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Aslan A, Gok O, Beyaz S, Arslan E, Erman O, Ağca CA. The preventive effect of ellagic acid on brain damage in rats via regulating of Nrf-2, NF-kB and apoptotic pathway. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13217. [PMID: 32250487 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of ellagic acid (EA) on CCl4 -induced brain injury in rats. In this study, the rats were divided into four groups. Groups: (1) Control group; (2) EA group; (3) CCl4 group; (4) EA + CCl4 group. In brain tissue, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa b (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf-2), cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase-3), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting. MDA (malondialdehyde), catalase enzyme activity (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) analysis were determined by spectrophotometer. In our findings, EA ameliorated Nrf-2 and caspase-3 protein expression levels, GSH and catalase activities, NF-kB, TNF-α, VEGF, Bcl-2, COX-2 protein expression levels and MDA levels in CCl4 intoxicated rats. These results suggest that EA demonstrated the neuroprotective effect on CCl4 -induced brain damage in rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ellagic acid has different biological activities, these are; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antifibrosis, anticancer, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective. For example it was reported that EA protects the cells against DNA injury induced by free radicals and it can prevent the traumatic brain injury. These results obtained from this study reveals that EA has a protective effect against rat brain damage and it may be used as an alternative drugs for the brain injury treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Faculty of Science, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Emre Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Bingol, Bingol, Turkey
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The effect of ellagic acid on caspase-3/bcl-2/Nrf-2/NF-kB/TNF-α /COX-2 gene expression product apoptosis pathway: a new approach for muscle damage therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2573-2582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aslan A, Hussein YT, Gok O, Beyaz S, Erman O, Baspinar S. Ellagic acid ameliorates lung damage in rats via modulating antioxidant activities, inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators and apoptosis-inducing activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7526-7537. [PMID: 31885062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals is considered one of the most effective and safe alternative therapy against oxidative linked lung diseases. Ellagic acid (EA), an important component of fruits, nuts, and vegetables, are partly responsible for their beneficial health effects against oxidation-related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of EA on lung damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar male albino rats. Thirty-six male rats (n = 36, 8-week old) were divided into 4 groups, each with 9 rats. The groups were: Control group: received standard diet; EA group: administered with EA (10 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal); CCl4 group: administered with CCl4 (1.5 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal); EA+CCl4 group: administered with EA and CCl4. . The rats were decapitated at the end of experimental period of 8 weeks and the lung tissues were examined. CCl4-induced rats showed elevation in the expressions of inflammatory proteins, nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); and the indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA). Intraperitoneal administration of EA significantly reduced the levels of these markers. EA administration increased the protein expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and enhanced the activity of glutathione (GSH) and catalase enzyme (CAT). In addition, EA administration increased the expression levels of the executioner protein of apoptosis, caspase-3, and decreasing pro-survival protein, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). In conclusion, these results establishes the protective role of EA in the treatment of lung damage and that in the future, this may have the potential to be used as a medication for the prevention or attenuation of lung diseases. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Yousif Taha Hussein
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
- Nursing Department, Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Serpil Baspinar
- Health Services Vocational High School, Department of Medical Imaging, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ávila RID, Ferreira CC, Alvarenga CBM, Vieira MDS, Cortez AP, Batista AC, Costa EA, Valadares MC. Toxicological evaluation of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. (Lythraceae) stem bark extract: Acute and subchronic studies in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000217289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Aslan A, Gok O, Erman O, Kuloglu T. Ellagic acid impedes carbontetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats through suppression of NF-kB, Bcl-2 and regulating Nrf-2 and caspase pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:662-669. [PMID: 29902765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of natural antioxidants instead of conventional treatments is considered effective and safe alternative therapy for hepatotoxicity. Ellagic acid (EA) is a strong antioxidant matter having protecting effect particularly on the liver. Hepatotoxic compounds can cause very heavy damage. Among these chemical hepatotoxins, CCl4 are responsible for the trichloromethyl radical resulting from biotransformation of the liver. The aim of this study was to examine whether EA plays a protective role against to liver damage induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. In this study, 36 male wistar albino (n = 36, 8 weeks old) rats were used. The rats were distributed into 4 groups, and 9 rats involved in each group. The groups were: (i) Control Group: Fed with standard diet; (ii) EA Group: Fed with standard diet + EA; (iii) CCl4 Group: Fed with standard diet + CCl4; (iv) CCl4 + EA Group: Fed with standard diet + CCl4 + EA. After 8 weeks, the rats were decapitated and the liver tissue were examined. As a result; EA application created a significant difference (p < 0.05) on caspase-3, bcl-2, NF-kB and Nrf-2 expression in the CCl4 + EA group in comparison to CCl4 group. Caspase-3 and Nrf-2 expression levels were increased in the CCl4 + EA group in comparison to CCl4 group, but bcl-2 and NF-kB expression levels were decreased. In TUNEL assay examinations, apoptotic index ratio was decreased in the CCl4 + EA group in comparison to CCl4 group. These results show that EA reduce liver damage ratio at wistar albino rats and also these results suggest that ellagic acid may be a potentially protective drug against to liver damage in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erman
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloglu
- Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, Turkey
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The effect of the phenol compound ellagic acid on Ca2+ homeostasis and cytotoxicity in liver cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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de Oliveira MR. The Effects of Ellagic Acid upon Brain Cells: A Mechanistic View and Future Directions. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1219-28. [PMID: 26846140 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno; C14H6O8) is a polyphenol derived from fruits (pomegranates, berries) and nuts. EA exhibits antioxidant capacity and induces anti-inflammatory actions in several mammalian tissues. EA has been characterized as a possible neuroprotective agent, but the number of reports is still limited to conclude whether and how EA exerts neuroprotection in humans. In this regard, performing additional studies considering the potential beneficial and/or toxicological roles for EA on brain cells would be an important step towards fully understanding of when and how EA may be securely utilized by humans as a neuroprotective agent. The aim of the present work is to discuss data related to the neuronal and glial effects of EA and the mechanisms underlying such events. Moreover, future directions are suggested as a potential guide to be utilized by researchers interested in investigating the neuronal and glial actions of EA hereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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Meschini R, Berni A, Filippi S, Pepe G, Grossi MR, Natarajan AT, Palitti F. The micronucleus assay in mammalian cells in vitro to assess health benefits of various phytochemicals. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:79-85. [PMID: 26520376 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the protective effects of Gentiana lutea extracts (GLEx) and 6-Gingerol (6-G) on clastogenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) in vitro on HepG2 cells using the frequencies of induced micronuclei (MN) as the end point. Pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments with GLEx or 6-G and the carcinogens were carried out. Both GLEx post- and simultaneous treatments reduced the frequencies of MN induced by MNNG and DMBA. Probably this effect is due to an increase of cytostasis and a physico-chemical interaction between GLEx and DMBA under simultaneous treatment. Pre- and simultaneous treatments with 6-G significantly reduced the yield of MNNG-induced micronuclei without affecting % of cytostasis. Simultaneous treatment with 6-G plus DMBA resulted in reduction in the frequency of MN and an increase in cytotoxicity compared to sample treated alone with DMBA, whereas a post-treatment, caused a significant decrease in the yield of MN compared with DMBA alone without any cytotoxic effect. These results are compared with our earlier data obtained in the same system with other phytochemicals. It is concluded that for a critical evaluation of the protective effects of phytochemicals, both the influence on the induced MN and induced cytostasis have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Meschini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Berni
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Filippi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pepe
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Grossi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Adayapalam T Natarajan
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palitti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Leotta CG, Federico C, Brundo MV, Tosi S, Saccone S. HLXB9 gene expression, and nuclear location during in vitro neuronal differentiation in the SK-N-BE neuroblastoma cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105481. [PMID: 25136833 PMCID: PMC4138170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Different parts of the genome occupy specific compartments of the cell nucleus based on the gene content and the transcriptional activity. An example of this is the altered nuclear positioning of the HLXB9 gene in leukaemia cells observed in association with its over-expression. This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of a chromosomal translocation with breakpoint proximal to the HLXB9 gene. Before becoming an interesting gene in cancer biology, HLXB9 was studied as a developmental gene. This homeobox gene is also known as MNX1 (motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1) and it is relevant for both motor neuronal and pancreatic beta cells development. A spectrum of mutations in this gene are causative of sacral agenesis and more broadly, of what is known as the Currarino Syndrome, a constitutional autosomal dominant disorder. Experimental work on animal models has shown that HLXB9 has an essential role in motor neuronal differentiation. Here we present data to show that, upon treatment with retinoic acid, the HLXB9 gene becomes over-expressed during the early stages of neuronal differentiation and that this corresponds to a reposition of the gene in the nucleus. More precisely, we used the SK-N-BE human neuroblastoma cell line as an in vitro model and we demonstrated a transient transcription of HLXB9 at the 4th and 5th days of differentiation that corresponded to the presence, predominantly in the cell nuclei, of the encoded protein HB9. The nuclear positioning of the HLXB9 gene was monitored at different stages: a peripheral location was noted in the proliferating cells whereas a more internal position was noted during differentiation, that is while HLXB9 was transcriptionally active. Our findings suggest that HLXB9 can be considered a marker of early neuronal differentiation, possibly involving chromatin remodeling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giovanna Leotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Biologia Animale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Biologia Animale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Biologia Animale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Leukaemia and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Biologia Animale, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
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