1
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Ge Z, Chen Y, Ma L, Hu F, Xie L. Macrophage polarization and its impact on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1444964. [PMID: 39131154 PMCID: PMC11310026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1444964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease that worsens over time, causing fibrosis in the lungs and ultimately resulting in respiratory failure and a high risk of death. Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system, showing flexibility by transforming into either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages when exposed to different stimuli, ultimately impacting the development of IPF. Recent research has indicated that the polarization of macrophages is crucial in the onset and progression of IPF. M1 macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines and agents causing early lung damage and fibrosis, while M2 macrophages support tissue healing and fibrosis by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Developing novel treatments for IPF relies on a thorough comprehension of the processes involved in macrophage polarization in IPF. The review outlines the regulation of macrophage polarization and its impact on the development of IPF, with the goal of investigating the possible therapeutic benefits of macrophage polarization in the advancement of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leikai Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, China
| | - Lubin Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Tang Y, Cui G, Liu H, Han Y, Cai C, Feng Z, Shen H, Zeng S. Converting "cold" to "hot": epigenetics strategies to improve immune therapy effect by regulating tumor-associated immune suppressive cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:601-636. [PMID: 38715348 PMCID: PMC11194457 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant developments in cancer treatment have been made since the advent of immune therapies. However, there are still some patients with malignant tumors who do not benefit from immunotherapy. Tumors without immunogenicity are called "cold" tumors which are unresponsive to immunotherapy, and the opposite are "hot" tumors. Immune suppressive cells (ISCs) refer to cells which can inhibit the immune response such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T (Treg) cells and so on. The more ISCs infiltrated, the weaker the immunogenicity of the tumor, showing the characteristics of "cold" tumor. The dysfunction of ISCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may play essential roles in insensitive therapeutic reaction. Previous studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of ISCs. Regulating ISCs may be a new approach to transforming "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors. Here, we focused on the function of ISCs in the TME and discussed how epigenetics is involved in regulating ISCs. In addition, we summarized the mechanisms by which the epigenetic drugs convert immunotherapy-insensitive tumors into immunotherapy-sensitive tumors which would be an innovative tendency for future immunotherapy in "cold" tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Tang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Guangzu Cui
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Haicong Liu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Ziyang Feng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
- National Clinical Resaerch Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
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3
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Huang R, Kang T, Chen S. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:238. [PMID: 38713256 PMCID: PMC11076352 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor growth is closely linked to the activities of various cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly immune cells. During tumor progression, circulating monocytes and macrophages are recruited, altering the TME and accelerating growth. These macrophages adjust their functions in response to signals from tumor and stromal cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), similar to M2 macrophages, are key regulators in the TME. METHODS We review the origins, characteristics, and functions of TAMs within the TME. This analysis includes the mechanisms through which TAMs facilitate immune evasion and promote tumor metastasis. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs. RESULTS TAMs are instrumental in mediating tumor immune evasion and malignant behaviors. They release cytokines that inhibit effector immune cells and attract additional immunosuppressive cells to the TME. TAMs primarily target effector T cells, inducing exhaustion directly, influencing activity indirectly through cellular interactions, or suppressing through immune checkpoints. Additionally, TAMs are directly involved in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Developing innovative tumor-targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies is currently a promising focus in oncology. Given the pivotal role of TAMs in immune evasion, several therapeutic approaches have been devised to target them. These include leveraging epigenetics, metabolic reprogramming, and cellular engineering to repolarize TAMs, inhibiting their recruitment and activity, and using TAMs as drug delivery vehicles. Although some of these strategies remain distant from clinical application, we believe that future therapies targeting TAMs will offer significant benefits to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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4
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Elahi M, Ebrahim Soltani Z, Afrooghe A, Ahmadi E, Dehpour AR. Sex Dimorphism in Pain Threshold and Neuroinflammatory Response: The Protective Effect of Female Sexual Hormones on Behavior and Seizures in an Allergic Rhinitis Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38652402 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that allergic rhinitis could impact behavior and seizure threshold in male mice. However, due to the complex hormonal cycles and hormonal influences on behavior in female mice, male mice are more commonly used for behavioral tests. In this study, we aimed to determine whether these findings were replicable in female mice and to explore the potential involvement of sexual hormones in regulating neuroinflammation in an allergic model. Our results indicate that pain threshold was decreased in female mice with allergic rhinitis and the levels of IL-23/IL-17A/IL-17R were increased in their Dorsal root ganglia. However, unlike males, female mice with AR did not display neuropsychological symptoms such as learning and memory deficits, depression, and anxiety-like behavior. This was along with decreased levels of DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) and inflammatory cytokines in their hippocampus. Ovariectomized mice were used to mitigate hormonal effects, and the results showed that they had behavioral changes and neuroinflammation in their hippocampus similar to male mice, as well as increased levels of DNMT1. These findings demonstrate sex differences in how allergic rhinitis affects behavior, pain sensitivity, and seizure thresholds. Furthermore, our data suggest that DNMT1 may be influenced by sexual hormones, which could play a role in modulating inflammation in allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Elahi
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Afrooghe
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Kumar M, Sharma S, Kumar J, Barik S, Mazumder S. Mitochondrial electron transport chain in macrophage reprogramming: Potential role in antibacterial immune response. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 5:100077. [PMID: 38572399 PMCID: PMC10987323 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2024.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages restrain microbial infection and reinstate tissue homeostasis. The mitochondria govern macrophage metabolism and serve as pivot in innate immunity, thus acting as immunometabolic regulon. Metabolic pathways produce electron flows that end up in mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC), made of super-complexes regulating multitude of molecular and biochemical processes. Cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence mtETC structure and function, impacting several aspects of macrophage immunity. These factors provide the macrophages with alternate fuel sources and metabolites, critical to gain functional competence and overcoming pathogenic stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generated through the mtETC are important innate immune attributes, which help macrophages in mounting antibacterial responses. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of mtETC in governing mitochondrial dynamics and macrophage polarization (M1/M2). M1 macrophages are important for containing bacterial pathogens and M2 macrophages promote tissue repair and wound healing. Thus, mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism are intimately coupled with innate immunity. In this review, we have addressed mtETC function as innate rheostats that regulate macrophage reprogramming and innate immune responses. Advancement in this field encourages further exploration and provides potential novel macrophage-based therapeutic targets to control unsolicited inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jai Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sailen Barik
- EonBio, 3780 Pelham Drive, Mobile, AL 36619, USA
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Delhi, India
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Baig MS, Barmpoutsi S, Bharti S, Weigert A, Hirani N, Atre R, Khabiya R, Sharma R, Sarup S, Savai R. Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355012. [PMID: 38482001 PMCID: PMC10933033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways that are tightly regulated and interconnected. This process involves, among others, autoregulatory loops that activate and deactivate macrophages through various cytokines, stimulants, and other chemical mediators. Adaptor proteins play an indispensable role in facilitating various inflammatory signals. These proteins are dynamic and flexible modulators of immune cell signaling and act as molecular bridges between cell surface receptors and intracellular effector molecules. They are involved in regulating physiological inflammation and also contribute significantly to the development of chronic inflammatory processes. This is at least partly due to their involvement in the activation and deactivation of macrophages, leading to changes in the macrophages' activation/phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the 20 adaptor molecules and proteins that act as negative regulators of inflammation in macrophages and effectively suppress inflammatory signaling pathways. We emphasize the functional role of adaptors in signal transduction in macrophages and their influence on the phenotypic transition of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1-like states to anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. This endeavor mainly aims at highlighting and orchestrating the intricate dynamics of adaptor molecules by elucidating the associated key roles along with respective domains and opening avenues for therapeutic and investigative purposes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S. Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Spyridoula Barmpoutsi
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Shivmuni Sarup
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Reyes ME, Pulgar V, Vivallo C, Ili CG, Mora-Lagos B, Brebi P. Epigenetic modulation of cytokine expression in gastric cancer: influence on angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347530. [PMID: 38455038 PMCID: PMC10917931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins that act in the immune response and inflammation and have been associated with the development of some types of cancer, such as gastric cancer (GC). GC is a malignant neoplasm that ranks fifth in incidence and third in cancer-related mortality worldwide, making it a major public health issue. Recent studies have focused on the role these cytokines may play in GC associated with angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, which are key factors that can affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression, quality, and patient survival. These inflammatory mediators can be regulated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone protein modification, and non-coding RNA, which results in the silencing or overexpression of key genes in GC, presenting different targets of action, either direct or mediated by modifications in key genes of cytokine-related signaling pathways. This review seeks insight into the relationship between cytokine-associated epigenetic regulation and its potential effects on the different stages of development and chemoresistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Victoria Pulgar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Vivallo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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8
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Lefkowitz RB, Miller CM, Martinez-Caballero JD, Ramos I. Epigenetic Control of Innate Immunity: Consequences of Acute Respiratory Virus Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:197. [PMID: 38399974 PMCID: PMC10893272 DOI: 10.3390/v16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by acute respiratory viruses induce a systemic innate immune response, which can be measured by the increased levels of expression of inflammatory genes in immune cells. There is growing evidence that these acute viral infections, alongside transient transcriptomic responses, induce epigenetic remodeling as part of the immune response, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which might persist after the infection is cleared. In this article, we first review the primary mechanisms of epigenetic remodeling in the context of innate immunity and inflammation, which are crucial for the regulation of the immune response to viral infections. Next, we delve into the existing knowledge concerning the impact of respiratory virus infections on the epigenome, focusing on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A Virus (IAV), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Finally, we offer perspectives on the potential consequences of virus-induced epigenetic remodeling and open questions in the field that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Bella Lefkowitz
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.B.L.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Clare M. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.B.L.); (C.M.M.)
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan David Martinez-Caballero
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.B.L.); (C.M.M.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.B.L.); (C.M.M.)
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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9
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Lin W, Qin Y, Ren Y. Flunitrazepam and its metabolites compromise zebrafish nervous system functionality: An integrated microbiome, metabolome, and genomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122949. [PMID: 37981184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The psychotropic drug flunitrazepam (FLZ) is frequently detected in aquatic environments, yet its neurotoxicity to aquatic organisms has not received sufficient attention. In this study, microbiome, metabolome, and genome analyses were conducted to study the effects of FLZ and its metabolite 7-aminoflunitrazepam (7-FLZ) on the zebrafish nervous system and understand their toxic mechanisms. The results demonstrated that drug exposure induced gut dysbiosis, decreased short-chain fatty acids and promoted the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS entered the brain and interacted with Toll-like receptors to cause neuroinflammation by upregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and NF-κB. The increased ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine in brain tissues indicated abnormal expression of Dnmt1 gene. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing displayed an increase in differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated-genes and pertinent biological pathways encompassed the MAPK signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Correlation analysis confirmed connections between gut microbiota, their metabolites, inflammatory factors, and DNA methylation-related markers in brain tissue. These findings indicate that while the toxicity is somewhat reduced in metabolized products, both FLZ and 7-FLZ can induce DNA methylation in brain tissue and ultimately affect the biological function of the nervous system by disrupting gut microbiota and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingjun Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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10
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Li S, Zhang J, Ma M, Zhang M, Li L, Chen W, Li S. NaAsO 2 regulates TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway through DNMT1/SOCS1 to cause apoptosis and inflammation in hepatic BRL-3A cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:258-267. [PMID: 36988786 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced liver injury has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential mechanism of NaAsO2-induced cytotoxicity in BRL-3A cells and to provide a basis for the mechanism of arsenic poisoning. BRL-3A cells were treated with different doses of NaAsO2, DNMT1 inhibitor (DC_517), TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242), and transfection of SOCS1 plasmid. Cell activity, apoptosis, inflammation and protein expression of DNMT1, SOCS1, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were detected by CCK8 assay, Annexin V-FITC and Western blot, respectively. With increasing NaAsO2 doses, BAX and caspase-3 expression increased, Bcl-2 expression decreased, pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased, and cell activity decreased causing increased apoptosis. When BRL-3A was intervened with 10, and 20 μmol/L NaAsO2, DNMT1 expression was elevated, SOCS1 expression was decreased, and TLR4, MyD88, p-IκBα/IκBα, and p-p65/p65 expression were elevated. After the combination of NaAsO2 and DC_517, compared to the NaAsO2 group, apoptosis and inflammation were attenuated, SOCS1 expression was elevated and TLR4, MyD88, p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 expression was decreased. Apoptosis and inflammation were attenuated after co-treatment of SOCS1 high expression with NaAsO2 compared to the NaAsO2 group. In addition, TLR4, MyD88, p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 expression was reduced. When NaAsO2 and TAK-242 were combined, apoptosis and inflammation were attenuated. Besides MyD88, p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 expression was reduced compared to the NaAsO2 group. We found that NaAsO2 induce apoptosis and inflammation in BLR-3A cells, which may be related to inhibit SOCS1 through regulation of DNMT1 and thus activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Mingxiao Ma
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shugang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Beijing, China.
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Ivanova E, Hue-Beauvais C, Chaulot-Talmon A, Castille J, Laubier J, De Casanove C, Aubert-Frambourg A, Germon P, Jammes H, Le Provost F. DNA methylation and gene expression changes in mouse mammary tissue during successive lactations: part I - the impact of inflammation. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2215633. [PMID: 37302099 PMCID: PMC10732689 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2215633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is among the main reasons women cease breastfeeding, which leads to them supplementing breast milk with artificial formula. In farm animals, mastitis results in significant economic losses and the premature culling of some animals. Nevertheless, researchers do not know enough about the effect of inflammation on the mammary gland. This article discusses the changes to DNA methylation in mouse mammary tissue caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation (4 h post-injection of lipopolysaccharide). We analysed the expression of some genes related to mammary gland function, epigenetic regulation, and the immune response. The analysis focused on three comparisons: inflammation during the first lactation, inflammation during second lactation with no history of inflammation, and inflammation during second lactation with previous inflammation. We identified differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs), differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each comparison. The three comparisons shared some DEGs; however, few DMCs and only one DMR were shared. These observations suggest that inflammation is one of several factors affecting epigenetic regulation during successive lactations. Furthermore, the comparison between animals in second lactation with and without inflammation, with no inflammation history during first lactation showed a different pattern compared to the other conditions in this experiment. This indicates that inflammation history plays an important role in determining epigenetic changes. The data presented in this study suggest that lactation rank and previous inflammation history are equally important when explaining mammary tissue gene expression and DNA methylation changes.Abbreviations: RRBS, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing; RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; MEC, mammary epithelial cells; TSS, transcription start site; TTS, transcription termination site; UTR, untranslated region; SINE, short interspersed nuclear element; LINE, long interspersed nuclear element; CGI, CpG island; DEG, differentially expressed gene; DMC, differentially methylated cytosine; DMR, differentially methylated region; GO term, gene ontology term; MF, molecular function; BP, biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ivanova
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParistech, GABI, France
| | | | - A. Chaulot-Talmon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-En-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J. Castille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParistech, GABI, France
| | - J Laubier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParistech, GABI, France
| | - C De Casanove
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParistech, GABI, France
| | - A. Aubert-Frambourg
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-En-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P. Germon
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - H. Jammes
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-En-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F. Le Provost
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParistech, GABI, France
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12
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Zhao H, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Feng R, Li J, Ma T, Huang C. Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase Contributes to Spontaneous Regression of Liver Fibrosis may by Interacting with Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1. Inflammation 2023; 46:1653-1669. [PMID: 37233920 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs), converted to myofibroblasts, produce fibrous scars, which is an essential event during liver fibrogenesis. Clinical and experimental fibrosis undergo remarkable regression when the underlying etiological agent is removed. Some myofibroblasts revert to an inactive phenotype (iHSCs) during the regression of fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying HSC activation and reversal remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that the expression of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) was increased in fibrotic livers but decreased after spontaneous recovery in vivo and in vitro, which was correlated with the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen (COL-1). Further investigation indicated that specific knockdown of LCK by a recombination adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) in C57BL/6 mice ameliorated liver fibrosis. Co-incubation of TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells with LCK-siRNA inhibited cell proliferation and activation. Overexpression of LCK inhibited activated HSCs going to inactivated phenotype. Interestingly, we found that LCK may interact with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and may influence the expression of p-JAK1 and p-STAT1/3. These data suggest that LCK may play a regulatory role in liver fibrosis by inhibiting SOCS1, indicating that LCK is a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Zhao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuhao Ding
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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13
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Ren J, Xu B, Ren J, Liu Z, Cai L, Zhang X, Wang W, Li S, Jin L, Ding L. The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1269. [PMID: 37759870 PMCID: PMC10526262 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment because of its high invasiveness, metabolic rate, and heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and indirectly promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAM is divided into tumor-suppressive M1-like (classic activation of macrophages) and tumor-supportive M2-like (alternatively activated macrophages) polarized cells. TAMs exhibit an M1-like phenotype in the initial stages of tumor progression, and along with the promotion of lysing tumors and the functions of T cells and NK cells, tumor growth is suppressed, and they rapidly transform into M2-like polarized macrophages, which promote tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which M1- and M2-polarized macrophages promote or inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and indicate the future directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Ren
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Bangjie Xu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianghao Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lingyu Cai
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Shaoxun Li
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Luhao Jin
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223000, China; (J.R.); (B.X.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (L.J.)
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14
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Chen S, Saeed AFUH, Liu Q, Jiang Q, Xu H, Xiao GG, Rao L, Duo Y. Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:207. [PMID: 37211559 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers. Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings, which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and, therefore, must be precisely regulated. Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered. In addition, the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology. Moreover, they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Herein, we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling, mechanical stresses and modulation, metabolic signaling pathways, mitochondrial and transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions. Moreover, we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Lastly, we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Abdullah F U H Saeed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Gorini F, Miceli M, de Antonellis P, Amente S, Zollo M, Ferrucci V. Epigenetics and immune cells in medulloblastoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1135404. [PMID: 36968588 PMCID: PMC10036437 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1135404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant childhood tumor of the cerebellum. Transcriptional and epigenetic signatures have classified MB into four molecular subgroups, further stratified into biologically different subtypes with distinct somatic copy-number aberrations, driver genes, epigenetic alterations, activated pathways, and clinical outcomes. The brain tumor microenvironment (BTME) is of importance to regulate a complex network of cells, including immune cells, involved in cancer progression in brain malignancies. MB was considered with a “cold” immunophenotype due to the low influx of immune cells across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Recently, this assumption has been reconsidered because of the identification of infiltrating immune cells showing immunosuppressive phenotypes in the BTME of MB tumors. Here, we are providing a comprehensive overview of the current status of epigenetics alterations occurring during cancer progression with a description of the genomic landscape of MB by focusing on immune cells within the BTME. We further describe how new immunotherapeutic approaches could influence concurring epigenetic mechanisms of the immunosuppressive cells in BTME. In conclusion, the modulation of these molecular genetic complexes in BTME during cancer progression might enhance the therapeutic benefit, thus firing new weapons to fight MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Miceli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, ‘AOU Federico II Policlinico, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Ferrucci,
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16
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Chen C, Liu T, Tang Y, Luo G, Liang G, He W. Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization in wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac057. [PMID: 36687556 PMCID: PMC9844119 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating skin wound healing. Macrophages, the main component of infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a pivotal role in shaping the immune microenvironment in the process of skin wound healing. Macrophages comprise the classic proinflammatory M1 subtype and anti-inflammatory M2 population. In the early inflammatory phase of skin wound closure, M1-like macrophages initiate and amplify the local inflammatory response to disinfect the injured tissue. In the late tissue-repairing phase, M2 macrophages are predominant in wound tissue and limit local inflammation to promote tissue repair. The biological function of macrophages is tightly linked with epigenomic organization. Transcription factors are essential for macrophage polarization. Epigenetic modification of transcription factors determines the heterogeneity of macrophages. In contrast, transcription factors also regulate the expression of epigenetic enzymes. Both transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes form a complex network that regulates the plasticity of macrophages. Here, we describe the latest knowledge concerning the potential epigenetic mechanisms that precisely regulate the biological function of macrophages and their effects on skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Academy of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
| | - Guangping Liang
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
| | - Weifeng He
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
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17
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Tien FM, Lu HH, Lin SY, Tsai HC. Epigenetic remodeling of the immune landscape in cancer: therapeutic hurdles and opportunities. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:3. [PMID: 36627707 PMCID: PMC9832644 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment represents a sophisticated ecosystem where various immune cell subtypes communicate with cancer cells and stromal cells. The dynamic cellular composition and functional characteristics of the immune landscape along the trajectory of cancer development greatly impact the therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcome in patients receiving systemic antitumor therapy. Mounting evidence has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms are the underpinning of many aspects of antitumor immunity and facilitate immune state transitions during differentiation, activation, inhibition, or dysfunction. Thus, targeting epigenetic modifiers to remodel the immune microenvironment holds great potential as an integral part of anticancer regimens. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic profiles and key epigenetic modifiers in individual immune cell types that define the functional coordinates of tumor permissive and non-permissive immune landscapes. We discuss the immunomodulatory roles of current and prospective epigenetic therapeutic agents, which may open new opportunities in enhancing cancer immunotherapy or overcoming existing therapeutic challenges in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Tien
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233 Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hsuan Lu
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yung Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chen Tsai
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Center for Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Rm542, Taipei, 100233 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225 Taiwan
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18
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Guan H, Zhu N, Tang G, Du Y, Wang L, Yuan W. DNA methyltransferase 1 knockdown reverses PTEN and VDR by mediating demethylation of promoter and protects against renal injuries in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:98. [PMID: 35765066 PMCID: PMC9238139 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, including hypermethylation of key genes that inhibit fibrosis and inflammation, have been described in human kidney diseases. However, the role of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) remains unclear.
Methods
We explored the underlying mechanism by establishing HBV X protein (HBx) overexpressing renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells and human podocytes with DNMT1 knockdown. Using RNA-sequencing to determine the downstream targets of DNMT1 and evaluate its levels of promoter methylation. HBV transgenic mice were used to examine the effects of DNMT1 inhibitor on renal in vivo.
Results
DNMT1 was significantly upregulated in the renal tissue of HBV-GN patients, accompanied by injuries of HK-2 cells and podocytes. HBx markedly upregulated DNMT1 and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation in HK-2 cells and human podocytes. This increased DNMT1 expression was attenuated after DNMT1 knockdown, accompanied by restored HK-2 cells and podocyte injuries resulting from the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Hypermethylation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) promoter and vitamin D receptor (VDR) was induced in HBx-overexpressing HK-2 cells and podocytes, respectively, whereas DNMT1 knockdown effectively corrected these alterations. Furthermore, PTEN and VDR ablation resulted in marked EMT and inflammation induction in HBx-overexpressing HK-2 cells and human podocytes even with DNMT1 knockdown. Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-related pathway attenuated HBx-induced EMT and inflammation in HK-2 cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed VDR as a direct target of the Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) in HBx-overexpressing podocytes. DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine alleviated urinary protein and renal inflammation in HBV transgenic mice via PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling and VDR signaling axis.
Conclusions
Our study clarifies the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying HBx-induced renal injuries in HBV-GN and the renoprotective effects of inhibiting DNMT1, which can provide important insights into the development of treatments for HBV-GN.
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Elrakaybi A, Ruess DA, Lübbert M, Quante M, Becker H. Epigenetics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Impact on Biology and Utilization in Diagnostics and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235926. [PMID: 36497404 PMCID: PMC9738647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with high potential of metastases and therapeutic resistance. Although genetic mutations drive PDAC initiation, they alone do not explain its aggressive nature. Epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications, significantly contribute to inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, disease progression and metastasis. Thus, increased understanding of the epigenetic landscape in PDAC could offer new potential biomarkers and tailored therapeutic approaches. In this review, we shed light on the role of epigenetic modifications in PDAC biology and on the potential clinical applications of epigenetic biomarkers in liquid biopsy. In addition, we provide an overview of clinical trials assessing epigenetically targeted treatments alone or in combination with other anticancer therapies to improve outcomes of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elrakaybi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Dietrich A. Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center of Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becker
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-36000
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20
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Sharan M, Jha M, Chandel R, Syeda S, Mathur R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Goel H, Shrivastava A, Chauhan S, Pamidimarri S, Jha AK. Demethylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 using capsaicin in cervical cancer cell line. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:649-657. [PMID: 36441265 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of women's mortality in developing countries. The prevalence of cervical cancer is higher in developing countries like India and continents like Africa. Hyper-methylation of tumor suppressor genes through human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be one of the major causes of cervical cancer. The promoter hypermethylation of the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS1) genes due to DNMT1 overexpression leads to their epigenetic silencing followed by gene repression causing cervical cancer. In silico study on the inhibition effect of capsaicin on DNMT1 was simulated by different servers. The binding energy was observed to be -7.8 kcal/mol. In vitro studies on the effect of capsaicin on aberrant methylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 were performed on the adenocarcinoma cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. The IC50 of capsaicin was observed to be 160 μM through crystal violet assay. DNA methylation of the CADM1 and SOCS1 was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR along with their reversal using capsaicin (20 μM) by treating the cells for 72 h and 6 days. In silico results suggested that capsaicin has an inhibitory effect on DNMT1, which regulates DNA methylation leading to the hypermethylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 genes. The in vitro studies suggested that hypermethylation leads to the inhibition of CADM1 and SOCS1 expression, which could be reversed using capsaicin with visible changes in methylation-specific and unmethylation-specific bands in MS-PCR, respectively. The present study shows the reversal of methylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 after 72 h which showed a further increase in case of 6 days of treatment using 20 μM capsaicin, which makes capsaicin a potent candidate for causing demethylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 genes that may lead to the reactivation of the downregulated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahek Sharan
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Meenakshi Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Runjhun Mathur
- A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Laboratory of the Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, AIIMS, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sushma Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sudheer Pamidimarri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
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21
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Liotti A, Ferrara AL, Loffredo S, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Di Rella F, Maniscalco GT, Belardo M, Vastano R, Prencipe R, Pignata L, Romano R, Spadaro G, de Candia P, Pezone A, De Rosa V. Epigenetics: an Opportunity to Shape Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:451-470. [PMID: 36043705 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics connects genetic and environmental factors: it includes DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and the regulation of chromatin accessibility by non-coding RNAs, all of which control constitutive or inducible gene transcription. This plays a key role in harnessing the transcriptional programs of both innate and adaptive immune cells due to its plasticity and environmental-driven nature, piloting myeloid and lymphoid cell fate decision with no change in their genomic sequence. In particular, epigenetic marks at the site of lineage specific transcription factors and maintenance of cell type-specific epigenetic modifications, referred to as "epigenetic memory", dictate cell differentiation, cytokine production and functional capacity following repeated antigenic exposure in memory T cells. Moreover, metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming occurring during a primary innate immune response leads to enhanced responses to secondary challenges, a phenomenon known as "trained immunity". Here we discuss how stable and dynamic epigenetic states control immune cell identity and plasticity in physiological and pathological conditions. Dissecting the regulatory circuits of cell fate determination and maintenance is of paramount importance for understanding the delicate balance between immune cell activation and tolerance, in healthy conditions and in autoimmune diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Liotti
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Department of Breast and Thoracic Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco
- Neurological Clinic and Stroke Unit and Multiple Sclerosis Center "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Belardo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Vastano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Prencipe
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Pignata
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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22
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Ding J, Jiang H, Su B, Wang S, Chen X, Tan Y, Shen L, Wang J, Shi M, Lin H, Zhang Z. DNMT1/miR-130a/ZEB1 Regulatory Pathway Affects the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:479-486. [PMID: 35486848 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a global health care issue that affects millions of people. DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1)-mediated DNA methylation is involved in a number of human diseases by affecting many types of cellular progression events. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of DNMT1 in development of sepsis remain largely unknown. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung fibrosis in the sepsis mouse model, and DNMT1 was upregulated in lung tissues of a sepsis mouse model compared with lung tissues from control mice. Then, this study demonstrated that LPS induced the production of interleukin (IL)-7 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and promoted DNMT1 expression in primary type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII cells). Knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited IL-7 and TNF-α secretion in AECII cells exposed to LPS. Further study demonstrated that DNMT1 repressed the expression of miR-130a in AECII cells with or without LPS exposure. Next, this study demonstrated that miR-130a inhibited ZEB1 expression in AECII cells exposed to LPS. Ultimately, this study revealed the role of the DNMT1/miR-130a/ZEB1 regulatory pathway in AECII cells exposed to LPS. Overall, our data revealed that LPS induced the secretion of inflammatory factors by modulating the DNMT1/miR-130a/ZEB1 regulatory pathway in AECII cells, thus providing a novel theoretical basis that might be beneficial for establishment of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurong Ding
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Central Laboratory, and Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanmei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Tan
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minxing Shi
- Department of Respirology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixu Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, and Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhemin Zhang
- Department of Respirology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Niu Y, Chen J, Qiao Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A New Perspective for an Old Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836223. [PMID: 35140725 PMCID: PMC8818998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is frequently accompanied by chronic inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be considered an ecosystem that consists of tumor cells, endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and acellular components such as extracellular matrix. For tumor cells, their survival advantages are dependent on both genetic and epigenetic alterations, while other cells mainly present epigenetic modifications. Macrophages are the most plastic type of immune cells and undergo diverse epigenetic alterations in the TME. Some of these epigenetic modifications mitigate against cancer progression, and others accelerate this process. Due to the complex roles of macrophages in the TME, it is urgent to understand their epigenetic modifications associated with the TME. Here, we mainly summarize recent findings on TME-associated epigenetic alterations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation. At the end of this review, we also discuss the translational potential of these epigenetic modifications for developing novel cancer therapies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
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24
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Seth A, Kar S. Understanding the Crosstalk Between Epigenetics and Immunometabolism to Combat Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:581-616. [PMID: 36301507 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between metabolic and epigenetic events shapes metabolic adaptations of cancer cells and also helps rewire the proliferation and activity of surrounding immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies indicate that the TME imposes metabolic constraints on immune cells, inducing them to attain a tolerogenic state, incompetent of mounting effective tumor eradication. Owing to extensive mutations acquired over repeated cell divisions, tumor cells selectively accumulate metabolites that regulate the activity of key epigenetic enzymes to mediate activation/suppression of genes associated with T-cell function and macrophage polarization. Further, multiple modulators connecting epigenetic and metabolic pathways help dictate the preferential induction of cytokines and expression of lineage-specifying genes associated with immunosuppressive T-cell differentiation.In this chapter, we attempt to discuss the mechanisms underpinning the metabolic and epigenetic interplay in immune cells of the TME and how modulating these events can boost the application of existing anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Seth
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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25
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Zeinalzadeh E, Valerievich Yumashev A, Rahman HS, Marofi F, Shomali N, Kafil HS, Solali S, Sajjadi-Dokht M, Vakili-Samiani S, Jarahian M, Hagh MF. The Role of Janus Kinase/STAT3 Pathway in Hematologic Malignancies With an Emphasis on Epigenetics. Front Genet 2021; 12:703883. [PMID: 34992627 PMCID: PMC8725977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway has been known to be involved in cell growth, cellular differentiation processes development, immune cell survival, and hematopoietic system development. As an important member of the STAT family, STAT3 participates as a major regulator of cellular development and differentiation-associated genes. Prolonged and persistent STAT3 activation has been reported to be associated with tumor cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Therefore, the JAK-STAT pathway can be a potential target for drug development to treat human cancers, e.g., hematological malignancies. Although STAT3 upregulation has been reported in hematopoietic cancers, protein-level STAT3 mutations have also been reported in invasive leukemias/lymphomas. The principal role of STAT3 in tumor cell growth clarifies the importance of approaches that downregulate this molecule. Epigenetic modifications are a major regulatory mechanism controlling the activity and function of STAT3. So far, several compounds have been developed to target epigenetic regulatory enzymes in blood malignancies. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about STAT3 abnormalities and carcinogenic functions in hematopoietic cancers, novel STAT3 inhibitors, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in STAT3 regulation, and targeted therapies, by focusing on STAT3-related epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zeinalzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Solali
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sajjadi-Dokht
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Majid Farshdousti Hagh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Zhu H, Zhao H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li J, Huang C, Ma T. Sennoside A alleviates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the hypermethylation of SOCS1 in CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105926. [PMID: 34619344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the consequence of chronic liver injury and is a major challenge to global health. However, successful therapy for liver fibrosis is still lacking. Sennoside A (SA), a commonly used clinical stimulant laxative, is reported to improve hepatic disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we show for the first time that SA enhanced suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) expression in a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-dependent manner and thereby attenuated liver fibrosis. Consistently, SA inhibited the expression of the liver fibrogenesis markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha-1 (Col1α1) and suppressed inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro. Coculture experiments with macrophages/hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) revealed that SA suppressed HSC proliferation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Mechanically, SA promoted the aberrant expression of SOCS1 in liver fibrosis. However, blocking SOCS1 expression weakened the inhibitory effect of SA on HSC proliferation, indicating that SOCS1 may play an important role in mediating the antifibrotic effect of SA. Furthermore, SA inhibited DNMT1-mediated SOCS1 and reduced HSC proliferation by inhibiting inflammatory responses in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huizi Zhao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Songbing Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuhao Ding
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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27
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Zubair K, You C, Kwon G, Kang K. Two Faces of Macrophages: Training and Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111596. [PMID: 34829825 PMCID: PMC8615871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all body tissues. They detect and quickly respond to “environmental signals” in the tissue. Macrophages have been associated with numerous beneficial roles, such as host defense, wound healing, and tissue regeneration; however, they have also been linked to the development of diverse illnesses, particularly cancers and autoimmune disorders. Complex signaling, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways drive macrophage training and tolerance. The induced intracellular program differs depending on the type of initial stimuli and the tissue microenvironment. Due to the essential roles of macrophages in homeostatic and their association with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, recent studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage training and tolerance. This review discusses the role of factors involved in macrophage training and tolerance, along with the current studies in human diseases.
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28
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Noonepalle SKR, Karabon L, Chiappinelli KB, Villagra A. Editorial: Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775101. [PMID: 34675944 PMCID: PMC8523980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satish kumar R. Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katherine B. Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
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29
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Qin W, Scicluna BP, van der Poll T. The Role of Host Cell DNA Methylation in the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696280. [PMID: 34394088 PMCID: PMC8358789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cells undergo complex transcriptional reprogramming upon infection. Epigenetic changes play a key role in the immune response to bacteria, among which DNA modifications that include methylation have received much attention in recent years. The extent of DNA methylation is well known to regulate gene expression. Whilst historically DNA methylation was considered to be a stable epigenetic modification, accumulating evidence indicates that DNA methylation patterns can be altered rapidly upon exposure of cells to changing environments and pathogens. Furthermore, the action of proteins regulating DNA methylation, particularly DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases, may be modulated, at least in part, by bacteria. This review discusses the principles of DNA methylation, and recent insights about the regulation of host DNA methylation during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Jung BC, Kang S. Epigenetic regulation of inflammatory factors in adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159019. [PMID: 34332076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a strong risk factor for insulin resistance. Chronic low-grade tissue inflammation and systemic inflammation have been proposed as major mechanisms that promote insulin resistance in obesity. Adipose tissue has been recognized as a nexus between inflammation and metabolism, but how exactly inflammatory gene expression is orchestrated during the development of obesity is not well understood. Epigenetic modifications are defined as heritable changes in gene expression and cellular function without changes to the original DNA sequence. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs, nucleopositioning/remodeling and chromatin reorganization. Epigenetic mechanisms provide a critical layer of gene regulation in response to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence supports that epigenetics plays a large role in the regulation of inflammatory genes in adipocytes and adipose-resident immune cell types. This review focuses on the association between adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and major epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jung
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.
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31
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Diomede F, Fonticoli L, Guarnieri S, Della Rocca Y, Rajan TS, Fontana A, Trubiani O, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. The Effect of Liposomal Curcumin as an Anti-Inflammatory Strategy on Lipopolysaccharide e from Porphyromonas gingivalis Treated Endothelial Committed Neural Crest Derived Stem Cells: Morphological and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7534. [PMID: 34299157 PMCID: PMC8305631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a yellow polyphenol extracted from the turmeric root is used as a diet supplement. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties by modulating different intracellular mechanisms. Due to their low solubility in water, the curcumin molecules must be encapsulated into liposomes to improve the bioavailability and biomedical potential. For the periodontal tissue and systemic health, it is essential to regulate the local inflammatory response. In this study, the possible beneficial effect of liposomes loaded with curcumin (CurLIP) in neural crest-derived human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and in endothelial-differentiated hPDLSCs (e-hPDLSCs) induced with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide obtained from Porphyromonas gingivalis, LPS-G) was evaluated. The CurLIP formulation exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect by the downregulation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB)/NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1/Interleukin (IL)-1β inflammation cascade and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Moreover, the exposure to LPS-G caused significant alterations in the expression of epigenetic modifiers, such as DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and P300, while the CurLIP treatment showed physiological expression. Overall, our in vitro study provides novel mechanistic insights into the intracellular pathway exert by CurLIP in the regulation of inflammation and epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.)
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.)
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.)
| | | | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.)
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Shi CX, Wang Y, Jiao FZ, Chen Q, Cao P, Pei MH, Zhang LY, Guo J, Deng W, Wang LW, Gong ZJ. Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Macrophage in Chronic Liver Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683526. [PMID: 34276405 PMCID: PMC8281248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation is a complex pathological process under different stress conditions, and the roles of stellate cells and macrophages in chronic liver inflammation have been widely reported. Moderate liver inflammation can protect the liver from damage and facilitate the recovery of liver injury. However, an inflammatory response that is too intense can result in massive death of hepatocytes, which leads to irreversible damage to the liver parenchyma. Epigenetic regulation plays a key part in liver inflammation. This study reviews the regulation of epigenetics on stellate cells and macrophages to explore the new mechanisms of epigenetics on liver inflammation and provide new ideas for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mao-Hua Pei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuo-Jiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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33
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Immune Cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:377-383. [PMID: 34182142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of immune response involves reversible and heritable changes that do not alter the DNA sequence. Though there have been extensive studies accomplished relating to epigenetic changes in cancer cells, recent focus has been shifted on epigenetic-mediated changes in the immune cells including T cells, Macrophages, Natural Killer cells and anti-tumor immune responses. This review compiles the most relevant and recent literature related to the role of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications in immune cells of wide range of cancers. We also include recent research with respect to role of the most relevant transcription factors that epigenetically control the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, a statement of future direction that promises to look forward for strategies to improve immunotherapy in cancer.
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34
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Kakoki M, Ramanathan PV, Hagaman JR, Grant R, Wilder JC, Taylor JM, Charles Jennette J, Smithies O, Maeda-Smithies N. Cyanocobalamin prevents cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes by modulating oxidative stress and DNMT-SOCS1/3-IGF-1 signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:775. [PMID: 34163008 PMCID: PMC8222371 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with long-standing diabetes have a high risk for cardiac complications that is exacerbated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that feeding cyanocobalamin (B12), a scavenger of superoxide, not only prevented but reversed signs of cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic Elmo1H/H Ins2Akita/+ mice. ROS reductions in plasma and hearts were comparable to those in mice treated with other antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or tempol, but B12 produced better cardioprotective effects. Diabetes markedly decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels, while B12, but not N-acetyl-L-cysteine nor tempol, restored them. B12 activated hepatic IGF-1 production via normalization of S-adenosylmethionine levels, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-1/3a/3b mRNA, and DNA methylation of promoters for suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1/3. Reductions of cardiac IGF-1 mRNA and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptors were also restored. Thus, B12 is a promising option for preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy via ROS reduction and IGF-1 retrieval through DNMT-SOCS1/3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Purushotham V Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John R Hagaman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruriko Grant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C Wilder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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35
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Xia Y, Li Y, Wu X, Zhang Q, Chen S, Ma X, Yu M. Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669566. [PMID: 34054839 PMCID: PMC8149954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, iron orchestrates macrophage polarization through several aspects, including cellular signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Therefore, iron modulates the development and progression of multiple macrophage-associated diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and liver diseases. Collectively, this review highlights the crucial role of iron for macrophage polarization, and indicates the potential application of iron supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in different inflammatory disorders relative to the balance of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhuo Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Decitabine Promotes Modulation in Phenotype and Function of Monocytes and Macrophages That Drive Immune Response Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040868. [PMID: 33921194 PMCID: PMC8069756 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decitabine is an approved hypomethylating agent used for treating hematological malignancies. Although decitabine targets altered cells, epidrugs can trigger immunomodulatory effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of immunoregulation in treated patients. We therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of decitabine treatment on the phenotype and functions of monocytes and macrophages, which are pivotal cells of the innate immunity system. In vitro decitabine administration increased bacterial phagocytosis and IL-8 release, but impaired microbicidal activity of monocytes. In addition, during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, treatment promoted the M2-like profile, with increased expression of CD206 and ALOX15. Macrophages also demonstrated reduced infection control when exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. However, cytokine production remained unchanged, indicating an atypical M2 macrophage. Furthermore, when macrophages were cocultured with lymphocytes, decitabine induced a reduction in the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, maintaining IL-10 production, suggesting that decitabine could potentialize M2 polarization and might be considered as a therapeutic against the exacerbated immune response.
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37
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Maes K, Mondino A, Lasarte JJ, Agirre X, Vanderkerken K, Prosper F, Breckpot K. Epigenetic Modifiers: Anti-Neoplastic Drugs With Immunomodulating Potential. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652160. [PMID: 33859645 PMCID: PMC8042276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are under the surveillance of the host immune system. Nevertheless, a number of immunosuppressive mechanisms allow tumors to escape protective responses and impose immune tolerance. Epigenetic alterations are central to cancer cell biology and cancer immune evasion. Accordingly, epigenetic modulating agents (EMAs) are being exploited as anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory agents to restore immunological fitness. By simultaneously acting on cancer cells, e.g. by changing expression of tumor antigens, immune checkpoints, chemokines or innate defense pathways, and on immune cells, e.g. by remodeling the tumor stroma or enhancing effector cell functionality, EMAs can indeed overcome peripheral tolerance to transformed cells. Therefore, combinations of EMAs with chemo- or immunotherapy have become interesting strategies to fight cancer. Here we review several examples of epigenetic changes critical for immune cell functions and tumor-immune evasion and of the use of EMAs in promoting anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we provide our perspective on how EMAs could represent a game changer for combinatorial therapies and the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Maes
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.,Hemato-oncology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.,Hemato-oncology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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38
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Caloric restriction following early-life high fat-diet feeding represses skeletal muscle TNF in male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108598. [PMID: 33549890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic metabolic diseases are on the rise worldwide and their etiology is multifactorial. Among them, inflammatory components like Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), contribute to whole-body metabolic impairment. Caloric Restriction (CR) combats metabolic diseases, but how it reduces inflammation remains understudied. We aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic CR on muscle inflammation, in particular TNF. In our study, 4-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HF, 45% Kcal of fat from lard) ad libitum for 3 months. After estimation of their energy requirement (1 month), they were then divided into three groups: HF ad libitum (OL), weight maintenance with AIN93M (9.5% Kcal from fat; ML, 100% of energy requirement), and caloric restriction (CR, AIN93M with 75% of energy requirement). This dietary intervention continued for six months. At this point, rats were sacrificed and gastrocnemius muscle was collected. CR induced a profound shift in fat and lean mass, and decreased growth factor IGF-1. Muscle qPCR analysis showed a marked decrease in inflammation and TNF (premRNA, mRNA, and protein) by CR, accompanied by Tnf promoter DNA hypermethylation. CR increased expression of histone deacetylase Sirt6 and decreased methyltransferase Suv39h1, together with decreased Tnf promoter and coding region binding of NF- κB and C/EBP-β. Following miRNA database mining, qPCR analysis revealed that CR downregulated the proinflammatory miR-19b and increased the anti-inflammatory miR-181a and its known targets. Chronic CR is able to regulate muscle-specific inflammation by targeting the NF-κB pathway as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of Tnf gene.
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39
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Mehdi A, Rabbani SA. Role of Methylation in Pro- and Anti-Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030545. [PMID: 33535484 PMCID: PMC7867049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA methylation play a vital role in the transcriptional regulation of various cell types including the differentiation and function of immune cells involved in pro- and anti-cancer immunity. Interactions of tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are complex. TME shapes the fate of tumors by modulating the dynamic DNA (and RNA) methylation patterns of these immune cells to alter their differentiation into pro-cancer (e.g., regulatory T cells) or anti-cancer (e.g., CD8+ T cells) cell types. This review considers the role of DNA and RNA methylation in myeloid and lymphoid cells in the activation, differentiation, and function that control the innate and adaptive immune responses in cancer and non-cancer contexts. Understanding the complex transcriptional regulation modulating differentiation and function of immune cells can help identify and validate therapeutic targets aimed at targeting DNA and RNA methylation to reduce cancer-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehdi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shafaat A. Rabbani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-843-1632
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40
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Zhou L, Xu N, Shibata H, Saloura V, Uppaluri R. Epigenetic modulation of immunotherapy and implications in head and neck cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:141-152. [PMID: 33403469 PMCID: PMC7897200 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression is facilitated by distinct mechanisms developed by cancer cells to avoid immune recognition and clearance. The clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), via monoclonal antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4, has achieved promising durable therapeutic response in various cancer types, including recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). HNSCC represents a rational target of ICB treatment given its relatively high mutation burden and the presence of immune infiltrates. However, the limited response rates and recent negative clinical trials data identify an urgent need for new strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Preclinical studies have revealed an important contribution of epigenetic regulators in the anti-tumor immune response. Multiple components of the tumor and host immune system interaction are under epigenetic regulation, including the cancer cells themselves, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Epigenetic targeting drugs such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase, and methyltransferase inhibitors have demonstrated the potential to reverse immune suppression in various cancer models. The aim of this review is to summarize recent preclinical studies focused on investigating the function of epigenetic modulation in the host immune and cancer cell interface. We also provide a perspective on combining epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy in the management of HNSCC to improve outcomes—an area of great interest in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Vassiliki Saloura
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Pan X, Zheng L. Epigenetics in modulating immune functions of stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:940-953. [PMID: 32699350 PMCID: PMC7609272 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in cancer cells has been extensively studied in recent decades, resulting in the FDA approval of multiple epigenetic agents for treating different cancer types. Recent studies have revealed novel roles of epigenetic dysregulation in altering the phenotypes of immune cells and tumor-associated stromal cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells. As a result, epigenetic dysregulation of these cells reshapes the tumor microenvironment (TME), changing it from an antitumor environment to an immunosuppressive environment. Here, we review recent studies demonstrating how specific epigenetic mechanisms drive aspects of stromal and immune cell differentiation with implications for the development of solid tumor therapeutics, focusing on the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) TME as a representative of solid tumors. Due to their unique ability to reprogram the TME into a more immunopermissive environment, epigenetic agents have great potential for sensitizing cancer immunotherapy to augment the antitumor response, as an immunopermissive TME is a prerequisite for the success of cancer immunotherapy but is often not developed with solid tumors. The idea of combining epigenetic agents with cancer immunotherapy has been tested both in preclinical settings and in multiple clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the basic biological mechanisms underlying the synergy between epigenetic therapy and immunotherapy and discuss current efforts to translate this knowledge into clinical benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Pan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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42
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Cruz-Carrillo G, Montalvo-Martínez L, Cárdenas-Tueme M, Bernal-Vega S, Maldonado-Ruiz R, Reséndez-Pérez D, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Lund G, Garza-Ocañas L, Camacho-Morales A. Fetal Programming by Methyl Donors Modulates Central Inflammation and Prevents Food Addiction-Like Behavior in Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:452. [PMID: 32581665 PMCID: PMC7283929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming by hypercaloric intake leads to food addiction-like behavior and brain pro-inflammatory gene expression in offspring. The role of methylome modulation during programming on central immune activation and addiction-like behavior has not been characterized. We employed a nutritional programming model exposing female Wistar rats to chow diet, cafeteria (CAF), or CAF-methyl donor’s diet from pre-pregnancy to weaning. Addiction-like behavior in offspring was characterized by the operant training response using Skinner boxes. Food intake in offspring was determined after fasting–refeeding schedule and subcutaneous injection of ghrelin. Genome-wide DNA methylation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell was performed by fluorescence polarization, and brain immune activation was evaluated using real-time PCR for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-1α, and IL-6). Molecular effects of methyl modulators [S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or 5-azatidine (5-AZA)] on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and phagocytosis were identified in the cultures of immortalized SIM-A9 microglia cells following palmitic acid (100 μM) or LPS (100 nM) stimulation for 6 or 24 h. Our results show that fetal programming by CAF exposure increases the number of offspring subjects and reinforcers under the operant training response schedule, which correlates with an increase in the NAc shell global methylation. Notably, methyl donor’s diet selectively decreases lever-pressing responses for reinforcers and unexpectedly decreases the NAc shell global methylation. Also, programmed offspring by CAF diet shows a selective IL-6 gene expression in the NAc shell, which is reverted to control values by methyl diet exposure. In vitro analysis identified that LPS and palmitic acid activate IL-1β, TNF-1α, and IL-6 gene expression, which is repressed by the methyl donor SAM. Finally, methylation actively represses phagocytosis activity of SIM-A9 microglia cells induced by LPS and palmitic acid stimulation. Our in vivo and in vitro data suggest that fetal programming by methyl donors actively decreases addiction-like behavior to palatable food in the offspring, which correlates with a decrease in NAc shell methylome, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, and activity of phagocytic microglia. These results support the role of fetal programming in brain methylome on immune activation and food addiction-like behavior in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Larisa Montalvo-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Marcela Cárdenas-Tueme
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Sofia Bernal-Vega
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Roger Maldonado-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Garza-Ocañas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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43
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Transcriptional, Epigenetic and Metabolic Programming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061411. [PMID: 32486098 PMCID: PMC7352439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulate primary tumor growth, vascularization, metastatic spread and tumor response to various types of therapies. The present review highlights the mechanisms of macrophage programming in tumor microenvironments that act on the transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic levels. We summarize the latest knowledge on the types of transcriptional factors and epigenetic enzymes that control the direction of macrophage functional polarization and their pro- and anti-tumor activities. We also focus on the major types of metabolic programs of macrophages (glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation), and their interaction with cancer cells and complex TME. We have discussed how the regulation of macrophage polarization on the transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic levels can be used for the efficient therapeutic manipulation of macrophage functions in cancer.
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44
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Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Romá-Mateo C, Carbonell N, Ferreres J, Rodríguez M, Mulet S, García-López E, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL. Epigenetic biomarkers for human sepsis and septic shock: insights from immunosuppression. Epigenomics 2020; 12:617-646. [PMID: 32396480 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body responds to an infection damaging its own tissues. Sepsis survivors sometimes suffer from immunosuppression increasing the risk of death. To our best knowledge, there is no 'gold standard' for defining immunosuppression except for a composite clinical end point. As the immune system is exposed to epigenetic changes during and after sepsis, research that focuses on identifying new biomarkers to detect septic patients with immunoparalysis could offer new epigenetic-based strategies to predict short- and long-term pathological events related to this life-threatening state. This review describes the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms underlying alterations in the innate and adaptive immune responses described in sepsis and septic shock, and their consequences for immunosuppression states, providing several candidates to become epigenetic biomarkers that could improve sepsis management and help predict immunosuppression in postseptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán-García
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Nieves Carbonell
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - José Ferreres
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Sandra Mulet
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Eva García-López
- EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia 46010, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.,INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain.,EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
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45
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Dan H, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Guan Q. DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors: Catalysts For Antitumour Immune Responses. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10903-10916. [PMID: 31849494 PMCID: PMC6913319 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s217767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a kind of heritable change that involves the unaltered DNA sequence and can have effects on gene expression. The regulatory mechanism mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA regulation. DNA methylation is currently the most studied aspect of epigenetics. It is widely present in eukaryotic cells and is the most important epigenetic mark in the regulation of gene expression in the cell. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) have been increasingly recognized in the field of cancer immunotherapy, have been approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and are widely being used in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapies. DNMTi promote the reactivation of tumour suppressor genes, enhance tumour immunogenicity, and stimulate a variety of immune cells to secrete cytokines that exert cytotoxic effects, promote tumour cell death, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression levels. Here, we mainly summarize the epigenetics related to DNMTi and their regulation of the antitumour immune response and DNMTi combined with immuno-therapeutics or histone deacetylase inhibitors to demonstrate the great development potential and clinical application value of DNMTi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dan
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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46
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Cai L, Zhan M, Li Q, Li D, Xu Q. DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 inhibits lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory response in human dental pulp cells involving the methylation changes of IL‑6 and TRAF6. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:959-968. [PMID: 31974603 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp inflammation is a pathological process characterized by local lesions in dental pulp and the accumulation of inflammatory mediators. DNA methylation of cytosine residues is a key epigenetic modification that is essential for gene transcription, and plays pivotal roles in inflammatory reactions and immune responses. However, the function of cytosine DNA methylation in the innate immune defense against the inflammation of dental pulp is poorly understood. To investigate the effect of DNA methylation in inflamed dental pulp upon innate immune responses, expression levels of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were evaluated by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q) PCR. Only DNMT1 expression was decreased, while the transcription of inflammatory cytokines was increased. In the immune responses of LPS‑induced hDPCs, the results of RT‑qPCR and ELISA showed that DNMT1 knockdown promoted the production of the pro‑inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8. Western blotting demonstrated that DNMT1 knockdown increased the phosphorylation levels of IKKα/β and p38 in the NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, MeDIP and RT‑qPCR analysis demonstrated that the 5‑methylcytosine levels of the IL‑6 and TNF receptor‑associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promoters were significantly decreased in DNMT1‑deficient hDPCs. Taken together, these results indicated that the expression of DNMT1 was decreased after LPS stimulation in hDPCs. DNMT1 depletion increased LPS‑induced cytokine secretion, and activated NF‑κB and MAPK signaling; these mechanisms may involve the decreased methylation levels of the IL‑6 and TRAF6 gene promoters. This study emphasized the role of DNMT1‑dependent DNA methylation on the inflammation of LPS‑infected dental pulp and provides a new rationale for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of inflamed dental pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Cai
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Minkang Zhan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Qimeng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Di Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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47
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Chen S, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. Epigenetic regulation of macrophages: from homeostasis maintenance to host defense. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:36-49. [PMID: 31664225 PMCID: PMC6952359 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial members of the innate immune response and important regulators. The differentiation and activation of macrophages require the timely regulation of gene expression, which depends on the interaction of a variety of factors, including transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes also give macrophages the ability to switch rapidly between cellular programs, indicating the ability of epigenetic mechanisms to affect phenotype plasticity. In this review, we focus on key epigenetic events associated with macrophage fate, highlighting events related to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, responses to different stimuli and the formation of innate immune memory. Further understanding of the epigenetic regulation of macrophages will be helpful for maintaining tissue integrity, preventing chronic inflammatory diseases and developing therapies to enhance host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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48
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Sun P, Zhang SJ, Maksim S, Yao YF, Liu HM, Du J. Epigenetic Modification in Macrophages: A Promising Target for Tumor and Inflammation-associated Disease Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1350-1362. [PMID: 31215380 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619143706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for supporting tissue homeostasis, regulating immune response, and promoting tumor progression. Due to its heterogeneity, macrophages have different phenotypes and functions in various tissues and diseases. It is becoming clear that epigenetic modification playing an essential role in determining the biological behavior of cells. In particular, changes of DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation regulated by the corresponding epigenetic enzymes, can directly control macrophages differentiation and change their functions under different conditions. In addition, epigenetic enzymes also have become anti-tumor targets, such as HDAC, LSD1, DNMT, and so on. In this review, we presented an overview of the latest progress in the study of macrophages phenotype and function regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, to better understand how epigenetic modification controls macrophages phenotype and function in inflammation-associated diseases, and the application prospect in anti-tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Semenov Maksim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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49
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Qi S, Li Y, Dai Z, Xiang M, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. Uhrf1-Mediated Tnf-α Gene Methylation Controls Proinflammatory Macrophages in Experimental Colitis Resembling Inflammatory Bowel Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3045-3053. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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TNF receptor 2 signaling prevents DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter and prevents pathogenic conversion of regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21666-21672. [PMID: 31597740 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909687116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Chronic inflammation is associated with reduced Foxp3 expression, function, and loss of phenotypic stability. Previous studies have established the importance of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in the generation and/or activation of Treg cells. In this study, we assess the importance of TNFR2 in healthy mice and under inflammatory conditions. Our findings reveal that, in health, TNFR2 is important not only for the generation of Treg cells, but also for regulating their functional activity. We also show that TNFR2 maintains Foxp3 expression in Treg cells by restricting DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter. In inflammation, loss of TNFR2 results in increased severity and chronicity of experimental arthritis, reduced total numbers of Treg cells, reduced accumulation of Treg cells in inflamed joints, and loss of inhibitory activity. In addition, we demonstrate that, under inflammatory conditions, loss of TNFR2 causes Treg cells to adopt a proinflammatory Th17-like phenotype. It was concluded that TNFR2 signaling is required to enable Treg cells to promote resolution of inflammation and prevent them from undergoing dedifferentiation. Consequently, TNFR2-specific agonists or TNF1-specific antagonists may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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