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Yang Z, Fang X, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zhao L, Zhou X. Ginkgolic acids induce liver injury in mice through cell cycle arrest and immune stress under specific condition. Toxicon 2024; 245:107788. [PMID: 38823652 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is a valuable plant, which can be used for medicine, food and ornamental purposes. Despite the above benefits, the components of ginkgolic acids (GA) in ginkgo are considered to cause allergies, embryotoxicity, liver damage and some other adverse reactions. However, the mechanism of GA induced liver injury is still unclear. In this study, we developed an acute liver injury model induced by GA in mice, and investigated the mechanism of GA induced liver injury from the perspectives of oxidative stress, steatosis, apoptosis, and immune response. Intraperitoneal injection of GA (400 mg/kg) can cause liver damage. The levels of serum transaminase, oxidation and triglycerides were increased, liver fibrosis, hepatocyte apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest of the hepatic cell cycle and monocyte infiltration in the liver were detected in GA-treated mice. Flow cytometry analysis of cells separated from the spleen showed that the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells were increased, and the proportion of Th2 cells were decreased in GA-treated mice. The rise in Th1/Th2 ratio and Th17 cell ratio usually cause inflammatory problems. At the same time, cleaved Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 were detected in hepatocytes, indicating that GA may induce apoptosis through FADD pathway. Although GA is capable of causing the above problems, the inflammation and damage in liver tissue are not severe and there are certain individual differences. Our study reveals the potential hepatotoxicity of GA in ginkgo and its mechanism of action, providing a new perspective for the intervention and prevention of ginkgo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xianying Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xinhu Zhou
- Yanghe Distillery Co. Ltd, Suqian, 223800, China.
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Zhou H, Qi Z, Liu D, Xue X, Wang C. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Urushiol Derivatives as Potent Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300238. [PMID: 37366008 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel series of 11 urushiol-based hydroxamic acid histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Compounds 1-11 exhibited good to excellent inhibitory activities against HDAC1/2/3 (IC50 : 42.09-240.17 nM) and HDAC8 (IC50 : 16.11-41.15 nM) in vitro, with negligible activity against HDAC6 (>1409.59 nM). Considering HDAC8, docking experiments revealed some important features contributing to inhibitory activity. According to Western blot analysis, select compounds could notably enhance the acetylation of histone H3 and SMC3 but not-tubulin, indicating their privileged structure is appropriate for targeting class I HDACs. Furthermore, antiproliferation assays revealed that six compounds exerted greater in vitro antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines (A2780, HT-29, MDA-MB-231, and HepG2, with IC50 values ranging from 2.31-5.13 μM) than suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; administration of these compounds induced marked apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, with cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Collectively, specific synthesized compounds could be further optimized and biologically explored as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xingyin Xue
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, 210042, China
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3
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Boateng ID. Ginkgols and bilobols in Ginkgo biloba L. A review of their extraction and bioactivities. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3211-3223. [PMID: 37190926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (GB) has enormous bioactives with anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and immune-stimulating properties, with global sales exceeding $10 billion. The terpene trilactones (ginkgolides A, B, and C) and flavonoids (mostly quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol) have received the most significant focus in GB research to date, whereas other bioactive compounds such as ginkgols and bilobols with various bioactivities such as anti-viral, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor actions have received less attention. Therefore, for the first time, this review focused on GB ginkgols, bilobols extraction, and bioactivities. This review showed that petroleum ether and acetone extraction had successfully extracted ginkgols and bilobols. Furthermore, bioactivities such as anti-tumor activity and so on have been demonstrated for ginkgols, and bilobols, providing theoretical justification for ginkgols and bilobol as raw material for nutraceuticals, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Future research could look into other biological applications (such as anti-oxidant, antitoxins, anti-radiation, anti-microbial, and antiparasite) and their applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. Besides, the primary research should be on developing green and effective methods for preparing ginkgols and bilobols and fully utilizing their pharmacological activity. This will also provide a new avenue for efficiently utilizing these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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4
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Li F, Boateng ID, Yang X, Li Y. Extraction, Purification, and Elucidation of Six Ginkgol Homologs from Ginkgo biloba Sarcotesta and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227777. [PMID: 36431878 PMCID: PMC9699512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgols are active constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. (GB) and have pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In our previous report, only five ginkgols were separated. However, ginkgol C17:1 had two isomers, for which their separation, identification, and bioactivities have not yet been investigated. Hence, this research reports the successful isolation of six ginkgol homologs with alkyl substituents-C17:1-Δ12, C15:1-Δ8, C13:0, C17:2, C17:1-Δ10, and C15:0-for the first time using HPLC. This was followed by the identification of their chemical structures using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. The results showed that two ginkgol isomers, C17:1-Δ12 and C17:1-Δ10, were obtained simultaneously from the ginkgol C17:1 mixture and identified entirely for the first time. That aside, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the six ginkgol homologs possessed significant antiproliferation effects against HGC and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the ginkgols with unsaturated side chains (C17:2, C15:1-Δ8, C17:1-Δ12, and C17:1-Δ10) exhibited more potent inhibitory effects than ginkgols with saturated side chains (C13:0, C15:0). In addition, unsaturated ginkgol C15:1-Δ8 showed the most potent cytotoxicity on HepG2 and HGC cells, of which the half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 18.84 ± 2.58 and 13.15 ± 2.91 μM, respectively. The IC50 for HepG2 and HGC cells for the three unsaturated ginkgols (C17:1-Δ10, C17:2 and C17:1-Δ12) were ~59.97, ~60.82, and ~68.97 μM for HepG2 and ~30.97, ~33.81, and ~34.55 μM for HGC cells, respectively. Comparing the ginkgols' structure-activity relations, the findings revealed that the position and number of the double bonds of the ginkgols with 17 side chain carbons in length had no significant difference in anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengnan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Isaac Duah Boateng
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang 212004, China
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Zhao Y, He X, Wang H, Wang H, Shi Z, Zhu S, Cui Z. Polyphenol-Enriched Extract of Lacquer Sap Used as a Dentine Primer with Benefits of Improving Collagen Cross-Linking and Antibacterial Functions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3741-3753. [PMID: 35793160 PMCID: PMC9472228 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercial dentin adhesive systems are applied to restorations due to their resistant bonding properties, but they suffer from the lack of bioactivity and are prone to hydrolysis. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, an eco-friendly natural monomer, urushiol, was adopted to be a primer in dentin bonding due to its interaction with collagen and antibacterial activity, preventing further hydrolysis development. First, urushiol was determined to be capable of improving the biological stability of dentin collagen through cross-linking. Using high-fidelity analytical chemistry techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we quantified the effects of urushiol on collagen molecules. It could also effectively decrease weight loss after collagenase ingestion by improving the stability of dentin. Moreover, urushiol inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth as well as its biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that the urushiol primer could improve the bonding strength, particularly after aging. The cross-linking and antibacterial functions of urushiol have provided promising developmental prospects for biomaterials in dentin adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zuosen Shi
- State
Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R.
China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State
Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R.
China
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Boateng ID. Potentialities of Ginkgo extract on toxicants, toxins, and radiation: a critical review. Food Funct 2022; 13:7960-7983. [PMID: 35801619 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to toxins is a severe threat to human health and life in today's developing and industrialized world. Therefore, identifying a protective chemical could be valuable and fascinating in this case. The purpose of this article was to bring together thorough review of studies on Ginkgo biloba to aid in the creation of ways for delivering its phytoconstituents to treat toxicants and radiation. This review gathered and evaluated studies on the defensive impact of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against toxicities caused by toxic chemical agents (such as lead, cadmium, and aluminum), natural toxins (for example, lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity and damage, gossypol, latadenes, and lotaustralin), and radiation (for example, gamma, ultra-violet, and radio-frequency radiation). According to this review, GBE has a considerable therapeutic effect by influencing specific pathophysiological targets. Furthermore, GBE has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antigenotoxicity properties against various toxicities. These are due to flavone glycosides (primarily isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin) and terpene trilactones (ginkgolides A, B, C, and bilobalide) that aid GBEs' neutralizing effect against radiation and toxins by acting independently or synergistically. This will serve as a reference for the functional food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Boateng ID. A critical review of current technologies used to reduce ginkgotoxin, ginkgotoxin-5'-glucoside, ginkgolic acid, allergic glycoprotein, and cyanide in Ginkgo biloba L. seed. Food Chem 2022; 382:132408. [PMID: 35176549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Ginkgo biloba has astonished scholars globally with enormous bioactives, with sales exceeding $10 billion since 2017. The Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) is an essential part of culinary culture. Nevertheless, toxins in fresh Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) have limited GBSs' daily consumption. Ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin-5-glucoside cause poisoning, tonic-clonic convulsions, and neurotoxic effects. Ginkgolic acid causes cytotoxicity and allergies. Allergic glycoprotein in GBS causes nausea, seizures, dyspnea, mydriasis, vomiting, and bellyache. The amygdalin-derived hydrocyanic acid cause dizziness, vomiting, cramping, and sleeping disorders. Food products are frequently exposed to various processing techniques to increase food safety and functionality. As a result, this review focused on the technologies that have been used to minimize toxins in GBS. In addition, a comparison of these techniques was made based on their benefits, drawbacks, feasibility, pharmacological activities, and future direction or opportunities to improve current ones were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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Smolyaninov IV, Burmistrova DA, Arsenyev MV, Polovinkina MA, Pomortseva NP, Fukin GK, Poddel’sky AI, Berberova NT. Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of New Catechol Thioethers with the Methylene Linker. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103169. [PMID: 35630646 PMCID: PMC9144179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel catechol thio-ethers with different heterocyclic substituents at sulfur atom were prepared by reacting 3,5-di-tert-butyl-6-methoxymethylcatechol with functionalized thiols under acidic conditions. A common feature of compounds is a methylene bridge between the catechol ring and thioether group. Two catechols with the thio-ether group, bound directly to the catechol ring, were also considered to assess the effect of the methylene linker on the antioxidant properties. The crystal structures of thio-ethers with benzo-thiazole moieties were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The radical scavenging and antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical test, ABTS∙+, CUPRAC (TEAC) assays, the reaction with superoxide radical anion generated by xanthine oxidase (NBT assay), the oxidative damage of the DNA, and the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenates in vitro. Most catechol-thioethers exhibit the antioxidant effect, which varies from mild to moderate depending on the model system. The dual anti/prooxidant activity characterizes compounds with adamantyl or thio-phenol substituent at the sulfur atom. Catechol thio-ethers containing heterocyclic groups (thiazole, thiazoline, benzo-thiazole, benzo-xazole) can be considered effective antioxidants with cytoprotective properties. These compounds can protect molecules of DNA and lipids from the different radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.S.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Daria A. Burmistrova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Maxim V. Arsenyev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Maria A. Polovinkina
- Toxicology Research Group of Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova Str., 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda P. Pomortseva
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Andrey I. Poddel’sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.A.); (G.K.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.S.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Nadezhda T. Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva Str., 414056 Astrakhan, Russia; (D.A.B.); (N.P.P.); (N.T.B.)
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Boateng ID. A critical review of Ginkgolic acid in Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb). Toxicity, technologies to remove the ginkgolic acids and its promising bioactivities. Food Funct 2022; 13:9226-9242. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb) is high in bioactive components (over 170), which are used in food additives, medicine, cosmetics, health products, and other sectors. Nonetheless, ginkgolic acids (GAs) in...
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10
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Smolyaninov IV, Burmistrova DA, Arsenyev MV, Almyasheva NR, Ivanova ES, Smolyaninova SA, Pashchenko KP, Poddel'sky AI, Berberova NT. Catechol‐ and Phenol‐Containing Thio‐Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties and Biological Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry Astrakhan State Technical University 16 Tatischeva str. Astrakhan 414056 Russia
| | - Daria A. Burmistrova
- Department of Chemistry Astrakhan State Technical University 16 Tatischeva str. Astrakhan 414056 Russia
| | - Maxim V. Arsenyev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str. 603137 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Nailya R. Almyasheva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics 11/1 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str. Moscow 119021 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Ivanova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology 24 Kashirskoye Shosse Moscow 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Susanna A. Smolyaninova
- Department of Chemistry Astrakhan State Technical University 16 Tatischeva str. Astrakhan 414056 Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Pashchenko
- Department of Chemistry Astrakhan State Technical University 16 Tatischeva str. Astrakhan 414056 Russia
| | - Andrey I. Poddel'sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str. 603137 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Nadezhda T. Berberova
- Department of Chemistry Astrakhan State Technical University 16 Tatischeva str. Astrakhan 414056 Russia
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11
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Ibrahim MA, Ramadan HH, Mohammed RN. Evidence that Ginkgo Biloba could use in the influenza and coronavirus COVID-19 infections. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:131-143. [PMID: 33594843 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic invades the world. Public health evaluates the incidence of infections and death, which should be reduced and need desperately quarantines for infected individuals. This article review refers to the roles of Ginkgo Biloba to reduce the risk of infection in the respiratory tract, the details on the epidemiology of corona COVID-19 and influenza, and it highlights how the Ginko Biloba could have been used as a novel treatment.Ginkgo Biloba can reduce the risk of infection by several mechanisms; these mechanisms involve Ginkgo Biloba contains quercetin and other constituents, which have anti-inflammatory and immune modulator effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations. Cytokines cause inflammation which have been induced the injuries in lung lining.Some observational studies confirmed that Ginkgo Biloba reduced the risk of asthma, sepsis and another respiratory disease as well as it reduced the risk of cigarette smoking on respiratory symptoms. While other evidences suggested the characters of Ginkgo Biloba as an antivirus agent through several mechanisms. Ginkgolic acid (GA) can inhibit the fusion and synthesis of viral proteins, thus, it inhibit the Herpes Simplex Virus type1 (HSV-1), genome replication in Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the infections of the Zika Virus (ZIKV). Also, it inhibits the wide spectrum of fusion by inhibiting the three types of proteins that have been induced fusion as (Influenza A Virus [IAV], Epstein Barr Virus [EBV], HIV and Ebola Virus [EBOV]).The secondary mechanism of GA targeting inhibition of the DNA and protein synthesis in virus, greatly have been related to its strong effects, even afterward the beginning of the infection, therefore, it potentially treats the acute viral contaminations like (Measles and Coronavirus COVID-19). Additionally, it has been used topically as an effective agent on vigorous lesions including (varicella-zoster virus [VZV], HSV-1 and HSV-2). Ginkgo Biloba may be useful for treating the infected people with coronavirus COVID-19 through its beneficial effect. To assess those recommendations should be conducted with random control trials and extensive population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, University of Basra, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Hanan H Ramadan
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy College, University of Basra, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Rasha N Mohammed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, University of Basra, Basrah, Iraq
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Bhutta MS, Shechter O, Gallo ES, Martin SD, Jones E, Doncel GF, Borenstein R. Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010086. [PMID: 33435520 PMCID: PMC7826900 DOI: 10.3390/v13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a lifelong latent infection with an estimated global prevalence of 66%. Primary and recurrent HSV infections are characterized by a tingling sensation, followed by an eruption of vesicles, which can cause painful erosions. Commonly used antiviral drugs against HSV infection are nucleoside analogues including acyclovir (ACV), famciclovir, and valacyclovir. Although these nucleoside analogues reduce morbidity and mortality in immunocompetent individuals, ACV-resistant HSV strains (ACVR-HSV) have been isolated from immunocompromised patients. Thus, ACVR-HSV infection poses a critical emerging public health concern. Recently, we reported that ginkgolic acid (GA) inhibits HSV-1 by disrupting viral structure, blocking fusion, and inhibiting viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we showed GA affords a broad spectrum of fusion inhibition of all three classes of fusion proteins, including those of HIV, Ebola, influenza A and Epstein Barr viruses. Here we report GA’s antiviral activity against HSV-1 skin infection in BALB/cJ mice. GA-treated mice demonstrated a significantly reduced mortality rate and decreased infection scores compared to controls treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-vehicle. Furthermore, GA efficiently inhibited ACVR-HSV-1 strain 17+ in vitro and in vivo. Since GA’s mechanism of action includes virucidal activity and fusion inhibition, it is expected to work alone or synergistically with other anti-viral drugs, and we anticipate it to be effective against additional cutaneous and potentially systemic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona S. Bhutta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (M.S.B.); (O.S.); (S.D.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Oren Shechter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (M.S.B.); (O.S.); (S.D.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Elisa S. Gallo
- Board-Certified Dermatologist and Independent Researcher, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Stephen D. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (M.S.B.); (O.S.); (S.D.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Esther Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (M.S.B.); (O.S.); (S.D.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Arlington, VA 22209, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ronen Borenstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (M.S.B.); (O.S.); (S.D.M.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wössner N, Alhalabi Z, González J, Swyter S, Gan J, Schmidtkunz K, Zhang L, Vaquero A, Ovaa H, Einsle O, Sippl W, Jung M. Sirtuin 1 Inhibiting Thiocyanates (S1th)-A New Class of Isotype Selective Inhibitors of NAD + Dependent Lysine Deacetylases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:657. [PMID: 32426286 PMCID: PMC7203344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylase associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. In many cancer types Sirt1 expression is increased and higher levels have been associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. However, it was also shown, that Sirt1 can have tumor suppressing properties and in some instances even a dual role for the same cancer type has been reported. Increased Sirt1 activity has been linked to extension of the life span of cells, respectively, organisms by promoting DNA repair processes and downregulation of tumor suppressor proteins. This may have the downside of enhancing tumor growth and metastasis. In mice embryonic fibroblasts depletion of Sirt1 was shown to decrease levels of the DNA damage sensor histone H2AX. Impairment of DNA repair mechanisms by Sirt1 can promote tumorigenesis but also lower chemoresistance toward DNA targeting therapies. Despite many biological studies, there is currently just one small molecule Sirt1 inhibitor in clinical trials. Selisistat (EX-527) reached phase III clinical trials for treatment of Huntington's Disease. New small molecule Sirt1 modulators are crucial for further investigation of the contradicting roles of Sirt1 in cancer. We tested a small library of commercially available compounds that were proposed by virtual screening and docking studies against Sirt1, 2 and 3. A thienopyrimidone featuring a phenyl thiocyanate moiety was found to selectively inhibit Sirt1 with an IC50 of 13 μM. Structural analogs lacking the thiocyanate function did not show inhibition of Sirt1 revealing this group as key for the selectivity and affinity toward Sirt1. Further analogs with higher solubility were identified through iterative docking studies and in vitro testing. The most active compounds (down to 5 μM IC50) were further studied in cells. The ratio of phosphorylated γH2AX to unmodified H2AX is lower when Sirt1 is depleted or inhibited. Our new Sirtuin 1 inhibiting thiocyanates (S1th) lead to similarly lowered γH2AX/H2AX ratios in mouse embryonic fibroblasts as Sirt1 knockout and treatment with the reference inhibitor EX-527. In addition to that we were able to show antiproliferative activity, inhibition of migration and colony forming as well as hyperacetylation of Sirt1 targets p53 and H3 by the S1th in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). These results reveal thiocyanates as a promising new class of selective Sirt1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wössner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Zayan Alhalabi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica González
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sören Swyter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jin Gan
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Protein Crystallography, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Department of Protein Crystallography, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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14
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Borenstein R, Hanson BA, Markosyan RM, Gallo ES, Narasipura SD, Bhutta M, Shechter O, Lurain NS, Cohen FS, Al-Harthi L, Nicholson DA. Ginkgolic acid inhibits fusion of enveloped viruses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4746. [PMID: 32179788 PMCID: PMC7075884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolic acids (GA) are alkylphenol constituents of the leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba. GA has shown pleiotropic effects in vitro, including: antitumor effects through inhibition of lipogenesis; decreased expression of invasion associated proteins through AMPK activation; and potential rescue of amyloid-β (Aβ) induced synaptic impairment. GA was also reported to have activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Several mechanisms for this activity have been suggested including: SUMOylation inhibition; blocking formation of the E1-SUMO intermediate; inhibition of fatty acid synthase; non-specific SIRT inhibition; and activation of protein phosphatase type-2C. Here we report that GA inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by inhibition of both fusion and viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we report that GA inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome replication and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of normal human astrocytes (NHA). We show a broad spectrum of fusion inhibition by GA of all three classes of fusion proteins including HIV, Ebola virus (EBOV), influenza A virus (IAV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV). In addition, we show inhibition of a non-enveloped adenovirus. Our experiments suggest that GA inhibits virion entry by blocking the initial fusion event. Data showing inhibition of HSV-1 and CMV replication, when GA is administered post-infection, suggest a possible secondary mechanism targeting protein and DNA synthesis. Thus, in light of the strong effect of GA on viral infection, even after the infection begins, it may potentially be used to treat acute infections (e.g. Coronavirus, EBOV, ZIKV, IAV and measles), and also topically for the successful treatment of active lesions (e.g. HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Borenstein
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Barbara A Hanson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruben M Markosyan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Srinivas D Narasipura
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maimoona Bhutta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Oren Shechter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Nell S Lurain
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fredric S Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A Nicholson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Gerstmeier J, Seegers J, Witt F, Waltenberger B, Temml V, Rollinger JM, Stuppner H, Koeberle A, Schuster D, Werz O. Ginkgolic Acid is a Multi-Target Inhibitor of Key Enzymes in Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Mediator Biosynthesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:797. [PMID: 31379572 PMCID: PMC6650749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lipid mediators (LMs) comprise bioactive metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). They are essentially biosynthesized via cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) pathways in complex networks and regulate the progression as well as the resolution of inflammatory disorders including inflammation-triggered cancer. Ginkgolic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid contained in Ginkgo biloba L. with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumoral properties. Although LMs regulate microbial infections and tumor progression, whether GA affects LM biosynthesis is unknown and was investigated here in detail. Methods: Pharmacophore-based virtual screening was performed along with docking simulations. Activity assays were conducted for isolated human recombinant 5-LO, cytosolic phospholipase (PLA)2α, COX-2, and ovine COX-1. The activity of human mPGES-1 and thromboxane A2 synthase (TXAS) was determined in crude cellular fractions. Cellular LM formation was studied using human monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and M1- and M2-like macrophages. LMs were identified after (ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography by UV detection or ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: GA was identified as virtual hit in an mPGES-1 pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Cell-free assays revealed potent suppression of mPGES-1 activity (IC50 = 0.7 µM) that is fully reversible and essentially independent of the substrate concentration. Moreover, cell-free assays revealed COX-1 and TXAS as additional targets of GA with lower affinity (IC50 = 8.1 and 5.2 µM). Notably, 5-LO, the key enzyme in LT biosynthesis, was potently inhibited by GA (IC50 = 0.2 µM) in a reversible and substrate-independent manner. Docking simulations support the molecular interaction of GA with mPGES-1 and 5-LO and suggest concrete binding sites. Interestingly, interference of GA with mPGES-1, COX-1, TXAS, and 5-LO was evident also in intact cells with IC50 values of 2.1-3.8 µM; no radical scavenging or cytotoxic properties were obvious. Analysis of LM profiles from bacteria-stimulated human M1- and M2-like macrophages confirmed the multi-target features of GA and revealed LM redirection towards the formation of 12-/15-LO products including SPM. Conclusions: We reveal GA as potent multi-target inhibitor of key enzymes in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory LMs that contribute to the complex pharmacological and toxicological properties of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Seegers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Finja Witt
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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16
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Smolyaninov IV, Pitikova OV, Korchagina EO, Poddel'sky AI, Fukin GK, Luzhnova SA, Tichkomirov AM, Ponomareva EN, Berberova NT. Catechol thioethers with physiologically active fragments: Electrochemistry, antioxidant and cryoprotective activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103003. [PMID: 31132599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of asymmetrical thioethers based on 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol containing sulfur atom bonding with physiologically active groups in the sixth position of aromatic ring have been synthesized and the electrochemical properties, antioxidant, cryoprotective activities of new thioethers have been evaluated. Cyclic voltammetry was used to estimate the oxidation potentials of thioethers in acetonitrile. The electrooxidation of compounds at the first stage leads to the formation of o-benzoquinones. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were determined using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, experiments on the oxidative damage of the DNA, the reaction of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) induced glutathione depletion (GSH), the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenates in vitro, and iron(II) chelation test. Compounds 1-9 have greater antioxidant effectiveness than 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (CatH2) in all assays. The variation of physiologically active groups at sulfur atom allows to regulate lipophilic properties and antioxidant activity of compounds. Thioethers 3, 4 and 7 demonstrate the combination of radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and iron(II) binding properties. The researched compounds 1-9 were studied as possible cryoprotectants of the media for cryopreservation of the Russian sturgeon sperm. Novel cryoprotective additives in cryomedium reduce significantly the content of membrane-permeating agent (DMSO). A cryoprotective effect of an addition of the catechol thioethers depends on the structure of groups at sulfur atom. The cryoprotective properties of compounds 3, 4 and 7 are caused by combination of catechol fragment, bonded by a thioether linker with a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal ionizable group or with a biologically relevant acetylcysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyaninov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; Toxicology Research Group of Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia.
| | - Olga V Pitikova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
| | - Eugenia O Korchagina
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
| | - Andrey I Poddel'sky
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Luzhnova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pyatigorsk Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Institute, 11 Kalinina str., Pyatigorsk 357500, Russia
| | - Andrey M Tichkomirov
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
| | - Elena N Ponomareva
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia; Toxicology Research Group of Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Nadezhda T Berberova
- Department of Chemistry, Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., Astrakhan 414056, Russia
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17
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Electrochemical transformations and antiradical activity of asymmetrical RS-substituted pyrocatechols. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Li R, Zhang T, Qin M, Yue P, Cai M, He X, Qiao H. An embryo-fetal development toxicity study with dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B in rats and rabbits. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1225-1235. [PMID: 30542606 PMCID: PMC6240900 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (a herbal product) has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Ginkgolide B is one of the important pharmacologically active components of Ginkgo biloba. Dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B (a novel ginkgolide B derivative) has been developed to overcome the poor water-solubility of natural drugs and to achieve higher bioavailability. This study investigated the potential effects of dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development in Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits following maternal exposure on gestational day (GD) 6-15 and GD 6-18, respectively. Dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B was administered by intravenous injection to pregnant rats (0, 10, 30 and 100 mg kg-1 d-1) and rabbits (0, 6, 18 and 60 mg kg-1 d-1). Maternal toxicity signs, such as lower maternal body weight gain and food consumption, were observed at 100 mg kg-1 d-1 in rats and 60 mg kg-1 d-1 in rabbits. The developmental toxic effects included a decrease in fetal and placental weights, increased incidences of skeletal variations and delay in fetal ossification. Fetal growth and development were affected by dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B in the high-dose group in rabbits. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of dimethylaminoethyl ginkgolide B is considered to be 30 mg kg-1 d-1 for rats and 18 mg kg-1 d-1 for rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , 211816 , China . ;
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , 211816 , China . ;
| | - Mei Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , 211816 , China . ;
| | - Peng Yue
- JiangSu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs , Nanjing , 211816 , China
| | - Ming Cai
- JiangSu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs , Nanjing , 211816 , China
| | - Xuejun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , 211816 , China . ;
| | - Hongqun Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , 211816 , China . ;
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19
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The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of ginkgolic acid (17 : 1) in vitro. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:829-837. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Qi Z, Wang C, Jiang J, Wu C. Novel C15 Triene Triazole, D-A Derivatives Anti-HepG2, and as HDAC2 Inhibitors: A Synergy Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103184. [PMID: 30332739 PMCID: PMC6214004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel C15 urushiol derivatives were designed by introducing a pechmann structure and F-, Cl-, and Br-nitro substituents with different electronic properties into its alkyl side chain, as well as a triazolyl functional group in its aromatic oxide. Their chemical structures were determined based on the analysis of the NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The results showed that compound 4 exhibited a strong inhibition of the HepG2 cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 2.833 μM to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and 80.905 μM to human normal hepatocytes (LO2)). Furthermore, it had an excellent synergistic effect with levopimaric acid. The nitrogen atom of the triazole ring formed a hydrogen-bonding interaction with Gly103, Gly154, and Tyr308, which made compound 4 bind to histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 more tightly. One triazole ring and His33 formed a π–π stacking effect; the other, whose branches were deep into the pocket, further enhanced the interaction with HDAC2. Meanwhile, compound 4 involved a hydrophobic interaction with the residues Phe210 and Leu276. The hydrophobic interaction and π–π stacking provided powerful van der Waals forces for the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Qi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, China Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
- Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, China.
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, China Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
- Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China.
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21
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Smolyaninov I, Pitikova O, Korchagina E, Poddel’sky A, Luzhnova S, Berberova N. Electrochemical behavior and anti/prooxidant activity of thioethers with redox-active catechol moiety. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Synthesis and Evaluation of C15 Triene Urushiol Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents and HDAC2 Inhibitor. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051074. [PMID: 29751548 PMCID: PMC6102549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of C15 triene urushiol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HepG2 aggregation in vitro. The results indicated that all compounds had an effective anti-HepG2 vitality. Compound 1 was a potent inhibitor of HepG2 with IC50 of 7.886 μM and 150 μM against LO2. Moreover, compound 1 increased the apoptosis of HepG2. Compound 1’s thiol sulfur formed hydrogen bonding interactions with Gly154 and Tyr308, respectively, and made it bound more closely to HDAC2. In addition, it also formed hydrophobic interactions with the residues His33, Pro106, Val107, Gly154, Phe155, and His183, and was provided with a strong van der Waals force by the hydrophobic action.
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23
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Qi Z, Wang C, Jiang J. Synergies of urushiol and its pechmann derivative compatible with paclitaxel anti-HepG2 activity. Nat Prod Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1446013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Qi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, China
- Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, China
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, China
- Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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24
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Patel S, Rauf A. Oleoresin urushiol: Can its immunogenicity be exploited for healthcare? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:851-853. [PMID: 29499920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi Anbar-23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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25
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Zhou H, Wang C, Ye J, Chen H, Tao R. Design, virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of novel urushiol derivatives as potential HDAC2 selective inhibitors. Gene 2017; 637:63-71. [PMID: 28939339 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three series of novel urushiol derivatives were designed by introducing a hydroxamic acid moiety into the tail of an alkyl side chain and substituents with differing electronic properties or steric bulk onto the benzene ring and alkyl side chain. The binding affinity toward HDAC2 of the compounds was screened by Glide docking. The best scoring compounds were processed further with molecular docking, MD simulations and binding free energy studies to analyze the binding modes and mechanisms. Six compounds, 21, 23, 10, 19, 9 and 30, gave Glide scores of -7.9 to -8.5, which revealed that introducing F, Cl, triazole, benzamido, formamido, hydroxyl or nitro substituents onto the benzene ring could increase binding affinity significantly. Molecular docking studies revealed that zinc ion coordination, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions contributed to the high calculated binding affinities of these compounds toward HDAC2 and that His145, His146, Gly154, Glu103, His183, Asp104, Tyr308 and Phe155 contributed favorably to the binding. MD simulations and binding free energy studies showed that all complexes possessed good stability as characterized by low RMSDs; low RMSFs of residues, moderate hydrogen bonding and zinc ion coordination; and low values of binding free energies. van der Waals and electrostatic interactions provided major contributions to the stability of these complexes. These results show the promising potential of urushiol derivatives as potent HDAC2 binding lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
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Zhou H, Wang C, Deng T, Tao R, Li W. Novel urushiol derivatives as HDAC8 inhibitors: rational design, virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1344568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
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27
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28
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Sun S, Buer BC, Marsh ENG, Kennedy RT. A Label-free Sirtuin 1 Assay based on Droplet-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 8:3458-3465. [PMID: 27482292 PMCID: PMC4962873 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay00698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1(SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase which has been implicated in age-related diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and vascular diseases. SIRT1 modulators are of interest for their potential therapeutic use and potential as chemical probes to study the role of SIRT1. Fluorescence-based assays used to identify SIRT1 activators have been shown to have artifacts related to the fluorophore substrates used in the assays. Such problems highlight the potential utility of a label-free high throughput screening (HTS) strategy. In this work, we describe a label-free SIRT1 assay suitable for HTS based on segmented flow-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the assay, 0.5 μM SIRT1 was incubated with 20 μM acetylated 21-amino acid peptide, which acts as substrate for the protein. A stable-isotope labeled product peptide was added to the assay mixture as an internal standard after reaction quenching. The resulting samples are formatted into 100 nL droplets segmented by perfluorodecalin and then infused at 0.8 samples/s into an ESI-MS. To enable direct ESI-MS analysis, 11 μM SIRT1 was dialyzed into a 200 μM ammonium formate (pH 8.0) buffer prior to use in the assay. This buffer was demonstrated to minimally affect enzyme kinetics and yet be compatible with ESI-MS. The assay conditions were optimized through enzyme kinetic study, and tested by screening an 80-compound library. The assay Z-factor was 0.7. Four inhibitors and no activators were detected from the library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Sun
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Buer
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - E. Neil G. Marsh
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- University of Michigan, Department of Biological Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- University of Michigan, Department of Pharmacology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
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5-Benzylidene-hydantoin is a new scaffold for SIRT inhibition: From virtual screening to activity assays. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 85:59-67. [PMID: 26791955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of enzymes able to catalyze the deacetylation of the N-acetyl lysines of both histone and non-histone substrates. Inhibition of SIRTs catalytic activity was recently reported in the literature as being beneficial in human diseases, with very promising applications in cancer therapy and enzymatic neurodegeneration. By combining a structure-based virtual screening of the Specs database with cell-based assays, we identified the 5-benzylidene-hydantoin as new scaffold for the inhibition of SIRT2 catalytic activity. Compound 97 (Specs ID AH-487/41657829), active in the low μM range against SIRT2, showed the optimal physicochemical properties for passive absorption as well as relatively low cytotoxicity in vitro. Further studies revealed non-competitive and mixed-type kinetics toward acetyl-lysine substrates and NAD(+), respectively, and a non-selective profile for SIRT inhibition. A binding mode consistent with the experimental evidence was proposed by molecular modeling. Additionally, the levels of acetyl-p53 were shown to be increased in HeLa cells treated with 97. Taken together, these results encourage further investigation of 5-benzylidene-hydantoin derivatives for their SIRT-related therapeutic effects.
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