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Yu Y, Chu C, Wang K, Li Y, Mao Z, Hu L, Wang J, Yu Y, Sun H, Chen F. YAP/TAZ activation mediates PQ-induced lung fibrosis by sustaining senescent pulmonary epithelial cells. Respir Res 2024; 25:212. [PMID: 38762455 PMCID: PMC11102259 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide and a common cause of poisoning that leads to pulmonary fibrosis with a high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and whether pulmonary epithelial cell senescence is involved in the process remain elusive. In this study, PQ-induced pulmonary epithelial cell senescence and Hippo-YAP/TAZ activation were observed in both C57BL/6 mice and human epithelial cells. PQ-induced senescent pulmonary epithelial cells promoted lung fibroblast transformation through secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Yap/Taz knockdown in mice lungs significantly decreased the expression of downstream profibrotic protein Ctgf and senescent markers p16 and p21, and alleviated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interfering YAP/TAZ in senescent human pulmonary epithelial cells resulted in decreased expression of the anti-apoptosis protein survivin and elevated level of apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the involvement of Hippo-YAP/TAZ activation in pulmonary epithelial cell senescence mediates the pathogenesis of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis, thereby offering novel insights and potential targets for the clinical management of PQ poisoning as well as providing the mechanistic insight of the involvement of Yap/Taz activation in cell senescence in pulmonary fibrosis and its related pulmonary disorders. The YIN YANG balance between cell senescence and apoptosis is important to maintain the homeostasis of the lung, the disruption of which will lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Biomedical publications center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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Meamar R, Haddad S, Nasiri R, Borojeni GS, Kolahdoozan M, Eizadi-Mood N, Pourisfahani SA, Mahvari R, Rezaei A, Fesharaki M. Ferulic acid grafted into β-cyclodextrin nanosponges ameliorates Paraquat-induced human MRC-5 fibroblast injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:44-60. [PMID: 37615264 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a commercially important and effective herbicide in the world. Nevertheless, it has higher toxicity causing acute organ damage and different complications, mainly in the lungs and kidneys. Ferulic acid (FA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid imposes multiple pharmacological impacts. No protective effect of FA on PQ poisoning-caused human embryonic lung fibroblast damage has not been reported. Despite their many beneficial effects, FA is characterized by poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and phytochemical instability. To solve the problem, β-cyclodextrin nanosponge (β-CD NSs) was utilized to increase the solubility of FA so that it was grafted into β-CD NSs to establish β-CD@FA NSs. The purpose of this work was to examine for the first time the protective effect of β-CD@FA NS on MRC-5 human lung cells damages induced by PQ poisoning. MTS assay was performed to investigate the viability of MRC-5 cells at different concentrations of FA/β-CD@FA NSs when cells were co-cultured with 0.2 μg/mL PQ. The flow cytometry study was carried out to determine apoptosis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were detected using appropriate biochemistry kits. Compared with the PQ group, the cell activity, CAT, and SOD levels were significantly increased in the FA and chiefly in β-CD@FA NSs intervention groups, whereas apoptosis and MDA levels were markedly decreased. The inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 22 (IL-22) were detected. The results demonstrate that β-CD@FA NSs can inhibit PQ-induced cell damage by enhancing antioxidant stress capacity and regulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Meamar
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shadi Haddad
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gelare Sadeghi Borojeni
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kolahdoozan
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nastaran Eizadi-Mood
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Razieh Mahvari
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrafarin Fesharaki
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhou W, Dai Q, Su N, Liu Z, Hu J. IGF2BP2‑dependent STIM1 inhibition protects against LPS‑induced pneumonia in vitro by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory response. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:575. [PMID: 38023363 PMCID: PMC10652236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a disease caused by inflammation and has high morbidity and mortality rates. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the role of STIM1 in pneumonia has not yet been reported. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to A549 cells to construct a cell damage model. The expression of STIM1 in the model cells was detected by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Then, STIM1 expression was inhibited and cell survival was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. The expression of inflammatory factors was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Subsequently, the relationship between insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and STIM1 was verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay and actinomycin D treatment. Finally, the regulatory mechanism of IGF2BP2 and STIM1 in LPS-induced A549 cells was further investigated. The results of the present study demonstrated that STIM1 expression was increased in LPS-induced A549 cells and that STIM1 knockdown inhibited LPS-induced A549 cell apoptosis and alleviated LPS-induced A549 cell inflammation and ERS. In addition, IGF2BP2 enhanced the stability of STIM1 mRNA and knockdown of IGF2BP2-regulated STIM1 expression alleviated LPS-induced ERS and inflammatory responses in A549 cells. In conclusion, knockdown of IGF2BP2-regulated STIM1 improved cell damage in the LPS-induced pneumonia cell model by alleviating ERS and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Qigang Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510699, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511495, P.R. China
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Cai Q, Shen Q, Zhu W, Zhang S, Ke J, Lu Z. Paraquat-induced ferroptosis suppression via NRF2 expression regulation. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105655. [PMID: 37507096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an environmentally friendly and efficient herbicide, but PQ misuse or intentional self-use can cause death through multiple organ damage and can cause acute lung injury. Existing clinical treatments alleviate symptoms but do not significantly improve the mortality rate. Ferroptosis is a type of necrosis that presents in a manner very similar to the cell damage induced by high doses of PQ, but the role of ferroptosis in paraquat-induced lung injury remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in PQ-induced A549 cell injury and identify the potential mechanisms and critical sites of protection against PQ-induced A549 injury by ferroptosis inhibitors. We found that the ferroptosis inhibitors Ferr-1 and Lip-1 inhibit ferroptosis by attenuating oxidative stress through the upregulation of NRF2 gene expression. The protective role of the ferroptosis inhibitor Dfo was most evident in paraquat-induced cell injury. Dfo inhibited ferroptosis by iron chelation and promoted NRF2 protein level reduction. NRF2 attenuated PQ-induced ferroptosis in A549 cells, mainly through the upregulation of SLC40A1 to encourage the movement of iron to the extracellular side to alleviate iron overload, and the upregulation of SLC7A11 to promote the expression of GPX4 to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cai
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Huangyan Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qunhe Shen
- Emergency Department, Enze Hospital, Enze Medical Center, Taizhou, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Emergency Department, Enze Hospital, Enze Medical Center, Taizhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Huangyan Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Ke
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Huangyan Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, the key specialty of traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Yang W, Tian R, Zhu Y, Huang P, Ma X, Meng X, Dai W, Tao Y, Chen D, Zhang J, Lu J, Xie H, Jian X, Yang Z, Wang R. Paraquat is an agonist of STIM1 and increases intracellular calcium levels. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1151. [PMID: 36310238 PMCID: PMC9618025 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an efficient herbicide but leads to high mortality with no antidote in mammals. PQ produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for pulmonary fibrosis in type II alveolar (AT II) cells. Intriguingly, strategies reducing ROS exhibit limited therapeutic effects, indicating other targets existing for PQ toxicity. Herein we report that PQ is also an agonist for STIM1 that increases intracellular calcium levels. Particularly, PQ promotes STIM1 puncta formation and association with TRPC1 or ORAI for extracellular calcium entry and thus intracellular calcium influx. Further studies reveal the importance of P584&Y586 residues in STIM1 for PQ association that facilitates STIM1 binding to TRPC1. Consequently, the STIM1-TRPC1 route facilitates PQ-induced EMT for pulmonary fibrosis as well as cell death. Our results demonstrate that PQ is an agonist of STIM1 that induces extracellular calcium entry, increases intracellular calcium levels, and thus promotes EMT in AT II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peijie Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinrun Ma
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiming Tao
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Daonan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Shan J, Wang Z, Mo Q, Long J, Fan Y, Cheng L, Zhang T, Liu X, Wang X. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit silencing suppresses tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer via inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Pancreatology 2022; 22:401-413. [PMID: 35300916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ribonucleotide Reductase M2 subunit (RRM2) is elevated in pancreatic cancer and involved in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. But its specific mechanism including genetic differences and upstream regulatory pathways remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed RRM2 expression of 178 pancreatic cancer patients in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Besides, more pancreatic cancer specimens were collected and detected RRM2 expression by immunohistochemistry. RRM2 knockdown by shRNA was applied for functional and mechanism analysis in vitro. Xenograft tumor growth was significantly slower by RRM2 silencing in vivo. RESULTS It showed that high RRM2 expression had a poorer overall survival and disease free survival. RRM2 expression was higher in tumor grade 2 and 3 than grade 1. Immunohistochemistry data validated that high RRM2 expression predicted worse survival. RRM2 knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation, inhibited colony formation and suppressed cell cycle progress. Further mechanism assay showed silencing RRM2 lead to inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibition of mutant p53, which induce S phase arrest and/or apoptosis. In panc-1 cells, S-phase arrest mediated by mutant p53 inhibition, p21 increase and cell cycle related proteins change. While in miapaca-2 cells, induction of apoptosis and S-phase arrest mediated by CDK1 played a coordinated role. CONCLUSION Taken together, high RRM2 expression was associated with worse prognosis. Importantly, RRM2 knockdown deactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, resulting in cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. This study shed light on the molecular mechanism of RRM2 in pancreatic tumor progression and is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Shan
- Department of Surgery, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuping Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingpei Long
- Department of Surgery, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfan Fan
- Department of Surgery, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Sino-America Cancer Foundation, California Cancer Institute, Temple City, CA91780, USA; Tumor Biomarker Development, California Cancer Institute, Temple City, CA,91780, USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Li S, Cao Y, Pan Q, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Li X, Li Q, Tang X, Ran B. Neonicotinoid insecticides triggers mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction via manipulating ROS-calcium influx pathway in the liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112690. [PMID: 34425541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of neonicotinoids insecticides (NNIs) rapidly garnered widespread attention in the toxicology, since they have been found in human samples, including urine, blood, breast milk and hair. However, the precise mechanism is not completely clear regarding the NNIs-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we exposed male mice to three neonicotinoids (dinotefuran (DIN), nitenpyram (NIT) and acetamiprid (ACET) for 30 days. Our results showed that NNIs remarkably induced morphological damage in the liver. Simultaneously, we found that three neonicotinoids could activate the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in the liver. Further results confirmed that reactive oxide species (ROS) scavenger n-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated DIN-induced calcium ion (Ca2+) overload and S-phase arrest via restoring protein expression of SOCE and S phase related genes in L02 hepatocytes. Moreover, we found that NAC obviously combated mitochondrial dysfunction caused by DIN via restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, DIN treatment significantly increased pyruvate content, impaired the activities of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate-limiting enzymes and inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, but these effects were reversed by Serca specific activator CDN1163. Collectively, perturbation of redox states can be recognized as the center of S-phase arrest and Ca2+ overload after NNIs exposure. In this regard, Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation is a causative event of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in the liver. These data provides a new perspective for understanding NNI-induced hepatotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiangwen Pan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yewei Xiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiali Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinlian Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bing Ran
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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Lujan H, Romer E, Salisbury R, Hussain S, Sayes C. Determining the Biological Mechanisms of Action for Environmental Exposures: Applying CRISPR/Cas9 to Toxicological Assessments. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:5-18. [PMID: 32105327 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicology is a constantly evolving field, especially in the area of developing alternatives to animal testing. Toxicological research must evolve and utilize adaptive technologies in an effort to improve public, environmental, and occupational health. The most commonly cited mechanisms of toxic action after exposure to a chemical or particle test substance is oxidative stress. However, because oxidative stress involves a plethora of genes and proteins, the exact mechanism(s) are not commonly defined. Exact mechanisms of toxicity can be revealed using an emerging laboratory technique referred to as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats). This article reviews the most common CRISPR techniques utilized today and how each may be applied in Toxicological Sciences. Specifically, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein complex is used for single gene knock-outs, whereas CRISPR interference/activation is used for silencing or activating (respectively) ribonucleic acid. Finally, CRISPR libraries are used for knocking-out entire gene pathways. This review highlights the application of CRISPR in toxicology to elucidate the exact mechanism through which toxicants perturb normal cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lujan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706
| | - Eric Romer
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433
| | - Richard Salisbury
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433
| | - Saber Hussain
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433
| | - Christie Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706
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Li K, Li Y, Yu Y, Ding J, Huang H, Chu C, Hu L, Yu Y, Cao Y, Xu P, Fulton D, Chen F. Bmi-1 alleviates adventitial fibroblast senescence by eliminating ROS in pulmonary hypertension. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:80. [PMID: 33673825 PMCID: PMC7934412 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening progressive disease with high mortality in the elderly. However, the pathogenesis of PH has not been fully understood and there is no effective therapy to reverse the disease process. This study aims to determine whether cellular senescence is involved in the development of PH. Methods The rat PH model was established by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline and evaluated by pulmonary arteriole wall thickness and right ventricular hypertrophy index. Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) were treated with CoCl2 or hypoxia to induce cellular senescence in vitro. SA-β-gal staining and the changes of senescent markers were used to examine cellular senescence. The molecular mechanism of cellular senescence was further explored by detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and culturing cells with a conditioned medium. Results We revealed the cellular senescence of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts in vivo in the rat PH model. The expression of Bmi-1, an important regulator of senescence, was decreased in the lungs of PH rats and localized in adventitial fibroblasts. The in vitro experiments showed that p16 expression was increased while Bmi-1 expression was decreased after CoCl2 treatment in HLFs. Mechanistically, Bmi-1 could alleviate CoCl2-induced HLFs senescence by eliminating ROS which further promoted the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by paracrine mode of action of HLFs. Conclusion Bmi-1 alleviates the cellular senescence of pulmonary fibroblasts in PH, which expands the pathogenesis of PH and provides a theoretical basis for targeting senescent cells in the treatment of PH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01439-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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10
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HGF-Modified Dental Pulp Stem Cells Mitigate the Inflammatory and Fibrotic Responses in Paraquat-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6662831. [PMID: 33747095 PMCID: PMC7943272 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can cause acute lung injury and progress to pulmonary fibrosis and eventually death without effective therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been shown to partially reverse this damage. MSCs can be derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AD-MSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), dental pulp (DPSCs), and other sources. The biological characteristics of MSCs are specific to the tissue source. To develop an effective treatment for PQ poisoning, we compared the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of UC-MSCs and DPSCs and chose and modified a suitable source with HGF to investigate their therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, MSCs' supernatant was beneficial to the viability and proliferation of human lung epithelial cell BEAS-2B. Inflammatory and fibrosis-related cytokines were analyzed by real-time PCR. The results showed that MSCs' supernatant could suppress the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic cytokines in BEAS-2B cells and human pulmonary fibroblast MRC-5. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs performed more effectively than MSCs' supernatant. The effect of DPSCs was stronger than that of UC-MSCs and was further strengthened by HGF modification. PQ-poisoned mice were established, and UC-MSCs, DPSCs, and DPSCs-HGF were administered. Histopathological assessments revealed that DPSCs-HGF mitigated lung inflammation and collagen accumulation more effectively than the other treatments. DPSCs-HGF reduced lung permeability and increased the survival rate of PQ mice from 20% to 50%. Taken together, these results indicated that DPSCs can suppress inflammation and fibrosis in human lung cells better than UC-MSCs. The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects were significantly enhanced by HGF modification. DPSCs-HGF ameliorated pulmonitis and pulmonary fibrosis in PQ mice, effectively improving the survival rate, which might be mediated by paracrine mechanisms. The results suggested that DPSCs-HGF transplantation was a potential therapeutic approach for PQ poisoning.
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11
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Subbiah R, Tiwari RR. The herbicide paraquat-induced molecular mechanisms in the development of acute lung injury and lung fibrosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:36-64. [PMID: 33528289 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1864721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic organic heterocyclic herbicide that has been widely used in agricultural settings. Since its commercial introduction in the early 1960s, numerous cases of fatal PQ poisonings attributed to accidental and/or intentional ingestion of PQ concentrated formulations have been reported. The clinical manifestations of the respiratory system during the acute phase of PQ poisoning mainly include acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), followed by pulmonary fibrosis in a later phase. The focus of this review is to summarize the most recent publications related to PQ-induced lung toxicity as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms for PQ-mediated pathologic processes. Growing sets of data from in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the involvement of the PQ in regulating lung oxidative stress, inflammatory response, epigenetics, apoptosis, autophagy, and the progression of lung fibrosis. The article also summarizes novel therapeutic avenues based on a literature review, which can be explored as potential means to combat PQ-induced lung toxicity. Finally, we also presented clinical studies on the association of PQ exposure with the incidence of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Subbiah
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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12
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Liu CC, Miao Y, Chen RL, Zhang YQ, Wu H, Yang SM, Shang LQ. STIM1 mediates IAV-induced inflammation of lung epithelial cells by regulating NLRP3 and inflammasome activation via targeting miR-223. Life Sci 2020; 266:118845. [PMID: 33278394 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Influenza A virus (IAV) infection accelerates the inflammatory injury of lung epithelial cells that contributes to pulmonary lesion. Recently, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) was found to mediate cellular immune response and participated in lung tumorigenesis. Our study aimed to illustrate the function and mechanism of STIM1 in IAV-induced inflammation injury and oxidative stress of lung epithelial cells. MAIN METHODS We evaluated the levels of STIM1 in IAV-infected patients' serum and BEAS-2B cells using RT-qPCR, Elisa and western blotting methods. MTT and Elisa were performed to measure cell viability and cytokine contents. Besides, ROS intensity, SOD contents and cell apoptosis were detected based on DCFH-DA probe, colorimetry and cell death kits. A luciferase assay and Pearson's correlation analysis evaluated the associations between target genes. KEY FINDINGS STIM1 was dramatically up-regulated in IAV-infected patients' serum and BEAS-2B cells. Silencing STIM1 in vitro inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by IAV, and reversed cell viability and suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, miR-223 and NLRP3 were negatively and positively correlated with STIM1. STIM1 was found to regulate NLRP3 expression by binding the AACUGAC motif in miR-223. STIM1/miR-223/NLRP3 axis modulated IAV-induced inflammation injury of lung epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our evidence indicated that silencing STIM1 alleviated IAV-induced inflammation injury of lung epithelial cells by inactivating NLRP3 and inflammasome via promoting miR-223 expression. These findings may contribute to understand the mechanism of IAV-induced lung injury and help for therapy of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Asthma, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Qun Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Shen H, Zhao M. Combined signaling of NF-kappaB and IL-17 contributes to Mesenchymal stem cells-mediated protection for Paraquat-induced acute lung injury. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:195. [PMID: 32680482 PMCID: PMC7367411 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide widely used in the world. PQ can cause pulmonary toxicity and even acute lung injury. Treatment for PQ poisoning in a timely manner is still a challenge for clinicians. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has hold potentials for the treatment of several lung diseases including PQ poisoning. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms mediated by MSC transplantation to protect PQ-induced lung injury. METHODS Here we performed the whole genome sequencing and compared the genes and pathways in the lung that were altered by PQ or PQ together with MSC treatment. RESULTS The comparison in transcriptome identified a combined mitigation in NF-kappaB signaling and IL-17 signaling in MSC transplanted samples. CONCLUSION This study not only reiterates the important role of NF-kappaB signaling and IL-17 signaling in the pathogenesis of PQ-induced toxicity, but also provides insight into a molecular basis of MSC administration for the treatment of PQ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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14
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Chu X, Zhong L, Yu L, Xiong L, Li J, Dan W, Ye J, Liu C, Luo X, Liu B. GSK-J4 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ER stress and the synergism between GSK-J4 and decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia KG-1a cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:209. [PMID: 32514253 PMCID: PMC7268296 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GSK-J4 is the inhibitor of H3K27me3 demethylase. Recent studies demonstrated that GSK-J4 could affect the proliferation and apoptosis of a variety of cancer cells. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of GSK-J4 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) KG-1a cells have not been explored thoroughly. Methods The effect of GSK-J4 on cell proliferation was assessed with CCK8, while cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The proteins related to cell cycle, cell apoptosis, endoplastic reticulum (ER) stress and PKC-α/p-Bcl2 pathway were detected by Western blotting. The expression level of PKC-α mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.ER stress inhibitor 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) was used to explore the role of ER stress in GSK-J4 induced cell-cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. The combination effects of Decitabine and GSK-J4 on KG-1a cells proliferation and apoptosis were also evaluated by CCK8, flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. Results GSK-J4 reduced cell viability and arrested cell cycle progression at the S phase by decreasing the expression of CyclinD1 and CyclinA2 and increasing that of P21. Moreover, GSK-J4 enhanced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (cle-caspase-9 and bax) and inhibited PKC-a/p-Bcl2 pathway to promote cell apoptosis. In addition, ER stress-related proteins (caspase-12, GRP78 and ATF4) were increased markedly after exposure to GSK-J4. The effects of GSK-J4 on cell cycle, apoptosis and PKC-a/p-Bcl2 pathway were attenuated after treatment with ER stress inhibitor. Furthermore, decitabine could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of KG-1a cells after combined treatment with GSK-J4. Conclusion Taken together, this study provided evidence that ER stress could regulate the process of GSK-J4-induced cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis and PKC-α/p-bcl2 pathway inhibition and demonstrated a potential combinatory effect of decitabine and GSK-J4 on leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Clinical Laboratory of YongChuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Ling Xiong
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wenran Dan
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Jiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xu Luo
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Clinical Laboratory of YongChuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
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15
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Fu Y, Yan M, Xie C, Hu J, Zeng X, Hu Q. Polydatin relieves paraquat-induced human MRC-5 fibroblast injury through inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:765. [PMID: 32647690 PMCID: PMC7333108 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide that is highly toxic to the lungs and kidneys. When it enters the body, it will disrupt the balance of the microenvironment in the body, induce a large number of inflammatory factors and cause cell damage. Polydatin (PD), resveratrol glycoside, has multiple pharmacological effects. However, the protective effect of PD on human embryo lung fibroblast damage caused by PQ poisoning has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of PD on human embryo lung fibroblast damage caused by PQ poisoning. Method The optimal experimental concentration of PQ for human embryonic lung fibroblast MRC-5 was 100 µmol/L, and then the cells of 100 µmol/L PQ group were treated with different concentrations of PD for 24 h. MTT assay to detect MRC-5 cell viability and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. The corresponding kit was used to detect the contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the levels of related inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Western blot detection of NLRP3 inflammatory body activation-related protein expression. Results Compared with the PQ group, cell activity, GSH-Px content, and SOD content in PD intervention group were significantly increased, while apoptosis, MDA content, inflammatory factor level, and activation-related proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome were significantly reduced and were dose-dependent. Conclusions PD can relieve PQ-induced human MRC-5 fibroblasts injury by reducing the inflammatory response, improving the antioxidant stress capacity, and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,Department of Emergency, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Emergency, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jinlun Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangxia Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Qiaohua Hu
- Department of Emergency, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China.,The Poison Treatment Centre of Foshan, Foshan, China
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16
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Yu Y, Gao Z, Lou J, Mao Z, Li K, Chu C, Hu L, Li Z, Deng C, Fan H, Chen P, Huang H, Yu Y, Ding J, Li D, Chen F. Identification of Serum-Based Metabolic Feature and Characteristic Metabolites in Paraquat Intoxicated Mouse Models. Front Physiol 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32116775 PMCID: PMC7017841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide which can cause high mortality to humans. However, relatively few studies focus on metabolic feature of PQ intoxication for investigating the underlying mechanisms. Here we performed non-targeted metabolomics profiling of serum samples from acute and chronic PQ intoxicated mouse models by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS) to identify metabolic feature and characteristic metabolites of acute and chronic PQ intoxication. Results showed that 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) and pathway of glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were significantly altered after acute PQ intoxication; 2-hydroxybutyric acid and the ratio of L-serine/glycine were of significance between acute and chronic PQ intoxication. Then targeted metabolomics profiling was conducted by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis to confirm the changes of IPA after acute PQ intoxication. Moreover, IPA-producing gut bacteria in feces were quantified by qRT-PCR to explain the varied IPA serum concentration. Clostridium botulinum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were significantly suppressed after acute PQ intoxication. The data suggested that PQ caused oxidative damage partially through suppression of anti-oxidative metabolite producing gut bacteria. In conclusion, we identified characteristic metabolites and pathway of acute and chronic PQ intoxication which could be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zishan Gao
- Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqian Lou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuwei Deng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanting Fan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Lou JQ, Cao Y, Yu YJ, Hu L, Mao ZS, Huang P, Hua X, Chen F. Investigation of heart lipid changes in acute β-AR activation-induced sudden cardiac death by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:5889-5896. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ToF-SIMS, PCA and PLS-DA were combined to compare lipid profiles of myocardial tissue in sudden cardiac death and normal, mice and humans. SIMS imaging was utilized to correlate the composition and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Lou
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - You-Jia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine
- Shanghai Forensic Service Platform
- Academy of Forensic Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease
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18
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Yao J, Zhang J, Tai W, Deng S, Li T, Wu W, Pu L, Fan D, Lei W, Zhang T, Dong Z. High-Dose Paraquat Induces Human Bronchial 16HBE Cell Death and Aggravates Acute Lung Intoxication in Mice by Regulating Keap1/p65/Nrf2 Signal Pathway. Inflammation 2019; 42:471-484. [PMID: 30734183 PMCID: PMC6449493 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) intoxication seriously endangers human beings’ health, however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here we found that PQ inhibits human bronchial 16HBE cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis, necrosis as well as ROS generation in a dose dependent manner. Of note, low-dose PQ (50 μM) induces cell autophagy, increases Nrf2 as well as p65 levels and has little impacts on Keap1, while high-dose PQ (500 μM) inhibits autophagy, upregulates Keap1 as well as downregulates p65 and Nrf2. In addition, we verified that p65 overexpression increases Nrf2 and its downstream targets in 16HBE cells, which are reversed by synergistically knocking down Nrf2. Our further results showed that high-dose PQ’s effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS levels and autophagy are reversed by p65 overexpression. Besides, the protective effects of overexpressed p65 on high-dose PQ (500 μM) treated 16HBE cells are abrogated by synergistically knocking down Nrf2. In vivo experiments also showed that high-dose PQ promotes inflammatory cytokines secretion, lung fibrosis and cell apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation in mice models by regulating Keap1/p65/Nrf2 signal pathway. Therefore, we concluded that high-dose PQ (500 μM) inhibits 16HBE cell proliferation and autophagy, promotes cell death and mice lung fibrosis by regulating Keap1/p65/Nrf2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiong Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine Ward 5, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510507, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The People Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, China
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhao Deng
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Du Fan
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China.
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