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Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, Kopczynski A, Sartor M, Soares G, de Oliveira VG, Vinade L, Dal-Belo C, Portela JV, Geller CA, De Bastiani MA, Justus JS, Portela LOC, Smith DH, Portela LV. Nandrolone Abuse Prior to Head Trauma Mitigates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Deficits, and Markers of Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04488-8. [PMID: 39313656 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The abuse of synthetic steroids, such as nandrolone decanoate (ND), is often associated with violent behavior, increasing the risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). After a TBI, proteins like APP, β-amyloid peptide-42 (Aβ42), and phosphorylated tau (pTau) accumulate and trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated with an unfolded protein response (UPR). The involvement of mitochondrial bioenergetics in this context remains unexplored. We interrogate whether the abuse of ND before TBI alters the responses of ER stress and mitochondrial bioenergetics in connection with neurodegeneration and memory processing in mice. Male CF1 adult mice were administered ND (15 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) s.c. for 19 days, coinciding with the peak day of aggressive behavior, and then underwent cortical controlled impact (CCI) or sham surgery. Spatial memory was assessed through the Morris water maze task (MWM) post-TBI. In synaptosome preparations, i) we challenged mitochondrial complexes (I, II, and V) in a respirometry assay, employing metabolic substrates, an uncoupler, and inhibitors; and ii) assessed molecular biomarkers through Western blot. TBI significantly increased APP, Aβ42, and pTauSer396 levels, along with ER-stress proteins, GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP, implying it primed apoptotic signaling. Concurrently, TBI reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux in exchange with Na+, disturbed the formation/dissipation of membrane potential, increased H2O2 production, decreased biogenesis (PGC-1⍺ and TOM20), and ATP biosynthesis coupled with oxygen consumption. Unexpectedly, ND abuse before TBI attenuated the elevations in APP, Aβ42, and pTauSer396, accompanied by a decrease in GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP levels, and partial normalization of mitochondrial-related endpoints. A principal component analysis revealed a key hierarchical signature featuring mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux, CHOP, GRP78, TOM20, H2O2, and bioenergetic efficiency as a unique variable (PC1) able to explain the memory deficits caused by TBI, as well as the preservation of memory fitness induced by prior ND abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Monia Sartor
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vitoria G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lucia Vinade
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology (LANETOX), Universidade Federal Do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Chariston Dal-Belo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology (LANETOX), Universidade Federal Do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
- Departamento Multidisciplinar - Escola Paulista de Política, Economia E Negócios (EPPEN), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Osasco, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Geller
- Laboratory of Performance in Simulated Environment (LAPAS), Centro de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco A De Bastiani
- Zimmer Neuroimaging Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jijo S Justus
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Luiz Osorio C Portela
- Laboratory of Performance in Simulated Environment (LAPAS), Centro de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, UFRGS, Anexo, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Wood RI, Chen MY, Snow E. Chronic high-dose testosterone impairs economic decision making, but has no effect on memory in male rats. Behav Processes 2024; 218:105044. [PMID: 38679343 PMCID: PMC11111344 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The goal is to understand consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse on cognitive function, using rats as a model. Economic decision making was evaluated in an operant test of effort value discounting, where subjects choose between 2 levers that deliver large and small rewards differing in maximum value and reward contrast. The hypothesis is that chronic high-dose testosterone increases preference for large rewards. Male rats were treated chronically with testosterone (7.5 mg/kg) or vehicle. Initially, all rats preferred the large reward lever when large and small rewards remained fixed at 3 and 1 sugar pellets, respectively. When different reward values were introduced, and with increasing response requirements, testosterone-treated rats made fewer responses for the large reward, and increased omissions. They earned fewer rewards overall. To determine if testosterone impairs memory, rats were tested for recognition memory with the novel object recognition and social transmission of food preference tasks, and for spatial memory with the radial arm maze and Morris water maze. There was not effect of chronic high-dose testosterone on any memory task. These results suggest that testosterone shifts economic decision making towards larger rewards even when they are disadvantageous, but does not alter memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I Wood
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
| | - Michael Y Chen
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Elizabeth Snow
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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The Molecular Quality and Mitochondrial Activity of Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes Are Affected by Their Exposure to Three Endocrine-Active Compounds under 3D In Vitro Maturation Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094572. [PMID: 35562963 PMCID: PMC9100547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, the potential short- and long-term detrimental effects of a variety of environmental chemicals designated as endocrine-active compounds (EACs) have been found to interfere with histo- and anatomo-physiological functions of the reproductive system in humans and wildlife species. For those reasons, this study sought to examine whether selected EACs, which encompass the fungicide vinclozolin (Vnz), the androgenic anabolic steroid nandrolone (Ndn) and the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA), affect the developmental competence and molecular quality (MQ) of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) under 3D culture conditions. The COCs underwent 3D-IVM in the presence of Vnz, Ndn or CsA for 48 h. To explore whether the selected EACs induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in cumulus cells (CCs), TUNEL-assisted detection of late apoptotic cells was performed. Additionally, for the detailed evaluation of pro- and antiapoptotic pathways in COCs, apoptosis proteome profiler arrays were used. To determine changes in intracellular metabolism in COCs, comprehensive assessments of mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity were carried out. Moreover, the relative abundances (RAs) of mRNAs transcribed from genes that are involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as SIRT3 and FOXO3, and intramitochondrial bioenergetic balance, such as ATP synthase subunit (ATP5A1), were ascertained. Finally, to investigate the extent of progression of oocyte maturation, the intraooplasmic levels of cAMP and the RAs of mRNA transcripts encoding regulatory and biocatalytic subunits of a heterodimeric meiosis-promoting factor, termed cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDC2), were also estimated. The obtained results provide, for the first time, strong evidence that both Vnz and Ndn decrease the developmental competence of oocytes and stimulate apoptosis processes in CCs. The present study is also the first to highlight that Vnz accelerates the maturation process in immature oocytes due to both increased ROS production and the augmented RA of the CCNB1 gene. Furthermore, Vnz was proven to trigger proapoptotic events in CCs by prompting the activity of the FOXO3 transcription factor, which regulates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In turn, Ndn was shown to inhibit oocyte maturation by inducing molecular events that ultimately lead to an increase in the intraooplasmic cAMP concentration. However, due to the simultaneous enhancement of the expression of TNF-β and HSP27 proteins in CCs, Ndn might be responsible for the onset of their neoplastic transformation. Finally, our current investigation is the first to clearly demonstrate that although CsA did not interfere with the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes, by inducing mitophagy in CCs, it disrupted oocyte metabolism, consequently attenuating the parameters related to the MQ of COCs. Summing up, Vnz, Ndn and CsA reduced not only the processes of growth and IVM but also the MQ of porcine COCs, which might make them unsuitable for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization by either gamete co-incubation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Strogulski NR, Kopczynski A, de Oliveira VG, Carteri RB, Hansel G, Venturin GT, Greggio S, DaCosta JC, De Bastiani MA, Rodolphi MS, Portela LV. Nandrolone Supplementation Promotes AMPK Activation and Divergent 18[FDG] PET Brain Connectivity in Adult and Aged Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2032-2042. [PMID: 35415802 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decreased anabolic androgen levels are followed by impaired brain energy support and sensing with loss of neural connectivity during physiological aging, providing a neurobiological basis for hormone supplementation. Here, we investigated whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration mediates hypothalamic AMPK activation and glucose metabolism, thus affecting metabolic connectivity in brain areas of adult and aged mice. Metabolic interconnected brain areas of rodents can be detected by positron emission tomography using 18FDG-mPET. Albino CF1 mice at 3 and 18 months of age were separated into 4 groups that received daily subcutaneous injections of either ND (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 15 days. At the in vivo baseline and on the 14th day, brain 18FDG-microPET scans were performed. Hypothalamic pAMPKT172/AMPK protein levels were assessed, and basal mitochondrial respiratory states were evaluated in synaptosomes. A metabolic connectivity network between brain areas was estimated based on 18FDG uptake. We found that ND increased the pAMPKT172/AMPK ratio in both adult and aged mice but increased 18FDG uptake and mitochondrial basal respiration only in adult mice. Furthermore, ND triggered rearrangement in the metabolic connectivity of adult mice and aged mice compared to age-matched controls. Altogether, our findings suggest that ND promotes hypothalamic AMPK activation, and distinct glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity rearrangements in the brains of adult and aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - V G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R B Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G Hansel
- Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G T Venturin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Greggio
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J C DaCosta
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M A De Bastiani
- Zimmer Neuroimaging Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Niromand E, Javanmardy S, Salimi Z, Zarei F, Khazaei MR. Association between nandrolone and behavioral alterations: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Steroids 2021; 174:108901. [PMID: 34407462 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In recent years the expanding misuse of Nandrolone among non-athletes, particularly adolescent males is a prevalent global concern due to its adverse effects. This article provides a summary of the experimental studies to clarify the relationship between Nandrolone exposure and behavioral and cognitive performances. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect databases, from 2000 to 2020, using the following key terms: Nandrolone AND Cognition, Nandrolone AND Learning, Nandrolone AND Memory, Nandrolone AND (Synaptic plasticity or Hippocampal synaptic plasticity), Nandrolone AND (Aggression or Aggressive-like behavior), Nandrolone AND (Anxiety or Anxiety-like behavior), Nandrolone AND (Depression or Depressive-like behavior). RESULTS 33 qualified papers were selected from the 2498 sources found. Of the 33 cases, 32 (96.97%) were males while only 1 (3.03%) was female and male. From 33 selected articles 8 reported studies were related to spatial memory, 2 reported studies were related to avoidance memory, 11 studies reported information on synaptic plasticity, 11 reported studies were related to aggressive behavior, 8 reported studies were related to aggressive behavior and 6 reported studies were related to depression. CONCLUSION Nandrolone can change spatial ability, avoidance memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Also, Nandrolone exposure produces variable effects on behavioral function such as aggression, depression and anxiety. This despite the fact that the results are contradictory. These discrepancies might be due to the differences in sex, age, dosage and treatment duration, and administration route. However, the negative results are more common than the published positive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Niromand
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Setareh Javanmardy
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rasool Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Carteri RB, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, Wannmacher CMD, Franceschi ID, Hammerschmitt ME, Driemeier D, Portela LV. Anabolic-androgenic steroids impair mitochondrial function and redox status in the heart and liver of mice. Steroids 2021; 172:108861. [PMID: 33984388 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiological doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) may cause long-term functional abnormalities, particularly in the heart and liver, which may only represent the later-stage of the cumulative damage caused by dysfunctional organelles. We investigated whether mid-term supraphysiological doses of Testosterone and Nandrolone impair mitochondrial Ca2+ and membrane potential (ΔΨm) dynamics, and redox machinery in the heart and liver of mice. CF1 albino mice were treated daily with 15 mg/kg of Nandrolone (ND) or Testosterone (T), or oil (vehicle) for 19 days. Preparations enriched in mitochondria from the heart or liver were used to perform assays of Ca2+ influx/efflux, ΔΨm, and H2O2 production. ND significantly impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ influx in the heart, and ΔΨm in both organs. ND and T increased H2O2 levels in the heart and liver relative to controls. Also, ND increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins (TBARS and carbonyls) in the heart, and both AAS decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in the heart and liver. In summary, supraphysiological doses of ND, and in a lesser extend T, impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and ΔΨm, and redox homeostasis being early mechanistic substrates for inducing heart and liver tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clovis M D Wannmacher
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Itiane D Franceschi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia E Hammerschmitt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Carteri RB, Menegassi LN, Feldmann M, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Porciúncula LO, Portela LV. Intermittent fasting promotes anxiolytic-like effects unrelated to synaptic mitochondrial function and BDNF support. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113163. [PMID: 33549686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased neurotrophic support. Since anxiolytic drugs target mitochondria, non-pharmacological approaches to improve mitochondrial metabolism such as intermittent fasting (IF) may cause parallel behavioral benefits against anxiety disorders. Here, we investigated whether a chronic IF regimen could induce anxiolytic-like effects concomitantly to modulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics and trophic signaling in mice brain. A total of 44 Male C57BL/6 J mice (180 days old) were assigned to two dietary regimens: a normal, ad libitum diet (AL group) and an alternate-day fasting (IF group), where animals underwent 10 cycles of 24 h food restriction followed by 24 h ad libitum access. Animals underwent the open field test, dark/light box and elevated plus maze tasks. Isolated nerve terminals were obtained from mice brain and used for mitochondrial respirometry, hydrogen peroxide production and assessment of membrane potential dynamics, calcium handling and western blotting. We showed that IF significantly alters total daily food intake and food consumption patterns but not body weight. There were no differences in the exploratory and locomotory parameters. Remarkably, animals from IF showed decreased anxiety-like behavior. Mitochondrial metabolic responses in different coupling states and parameters linked with H2O2 production, Ca2+ buffering and electric gradient were not different between groups. Finally, no alterations in molecular indicators of apoptotic death (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) and neuroplasticity (proBDNF/BDNF and synaptophysin were observed). In conclusion, IF exerts anxiolytic-like effect not associated with modulation in synaptic neuronergetics or expression of neurotrophic proteins. These results highlight a potential benefit of intermittent fasting as a nutritional intervention in anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Lizia Nardi Menegassi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marceli Feldmann
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Salimen Rodolphi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Staldoni Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Melo Marques
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rodolphi MS, Kopczynski A, Carteri RB, Sartor M, Fontella FU, Feldmann M, Hansel G, Strogulski NR, Portela LV. Glutamate transporter-1 link astrocytes with heightened aggressive behavior induced by steroid abuse in male CF1 mice. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104872. [PMID: 33069754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 performs glutamate uptake thereby mediating NMDAr responses in neurons. Ceftriaxone (CEF) upregulates astrocytic GLT-1 expression/activity, which could counteract excessive glutamate levels and aggressive behavior induced by anabolic synthetic steroids such as nandrolone decanoate (ND). Here, adult male CF-1 mice were allocated to oil (VEH), ND, CEF, and ND/CEF groups. Mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with ND (15 mg/kg) or VEH for 19 days, and received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of CEF (200 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days. The ND/CEF group received ND for 19 days plus coadministration of CEF in the last 5 days. On the 19th day, the aggressive phenotypes were evaluated through the resident-intruder test. After 24 h, cerebrospinal fluid was collected to measure glutamate levels, and the pre-frontal cortex was used to assess GLT-1, pGluN2BTyr1472, and pGluN2ATyr1246 by Western blot. Synaptosomes from the left brain hemisphere was used to evaluate mitochondrial function including complex II-succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Ca2+ handling, membrane potential (ΔѰm), and H2O2 production. ND decreased the latency for the first attack and increased the number of attacks by the resident mice against the intruder, mechanistically associated with an increase in glutamate levels and pGluN2BTyr1472 but not pGluN2ATyr1244, and GLT-1 downregulation. The abnormalities in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, SDH, ΔѰm, and H2O2 implies in deficient energy support to the synaptic machinery. The ND/CEF group displayed a decreased aggressive behavior, normalization of glutamate and pGluN2BTyr1472levels, and mitochondrial function at synaptic terminals. In conclusion, the pharmacological modulation of GLT-1 highlights its relevance as an astrocytic target against highly impulsive and aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre, RS 90420-060, Brazil
| | - Monia Sartor
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda U Fontella
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marceli Feldmann
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Robert A. Groff Professor of Teaching and Research in Neurosurgery Department: Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 105 Hayden Hall 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA; Laboratório de Neuroinflamação e Neuroimunologia, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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