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Lin MS, Varunjikar MS, Lie KK, Søfteland L, Dellafiora L, Ørnsrud R, Sanden M, Berntssen MHG, Dorne JLCM, Bafna V, Rasinger JD. Multi-tissue proteogenomic analysis for mechanistic toxicology studies in non-model species. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108309. [PMID: 37980879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
New approach methodologies (NAM), including omics and in vitro approaches, are contributing to the implementation of 3R (reduction, refinement and replacement) strategies in regulatory science and risk assessment. In this study, we present an integrative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis workflow for the validation and revision of complex fish genomes and demonstrate how proteogenomics expression matrices can be used to support multi-level omics data integration in non-model species in vivo and in vitro. Using Atlantic salmon as an example, we constructed proteogenomic databases from publicly available transcriptomic data and in-house generated RNA-Seq and LC-MS/MS data. Our analysis identified ∼80,000 peptides, providing direct evidence of translation for over 40,000 RefSeq structures. The data also highlighted 183 co-located peptide groups that supported a single transcript each, and in each case, either corrected a previous annotation, supported Ensembl annotations not present in RefSeq, or identified novel previously unannotated genes. Proteogenomics data-derived expression matrices revealed distinct profiles for the different tissue types analyzed. Focusing on proteins involved in defense against xenobiotics, we detected distinct expression patterns across different salmon tissues and observed homology in the expression of chemical defense proteins between in vivo and in vitro liver systems. Our study demonstrates the potential of proteogenomic analyses in extending our understanding of complex fish genomes and provides an advanced bioinformatic toolkit to support the further development of NAMs and their application in regulatory science and (eco)toxicological studies of non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lin
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | | | - K K Lie
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - L Søfteland
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - L Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - R Ørnsrud
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Sanden
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Methodological and Scientific Support Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - V Bafna
- Computer Science & Engineering and HDSI, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
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Dorne JLCM, Cortiñas‐Abrahantes J, Spyropoulos F, Darney K, Lautz L, Louisse J, Kass GEN, Carnesecchi E, Liem AKD, Tarazona JV, Billat P, Beaudoin R, Zeman F, Bodin C, Smith A, Nathanail A, Di Nicola MR, Kleiner J, Terron A, Parra‐Morte JM, Verloo D, Robinson T. TKPlate 1.0: An Open-access platform for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic modelling of chemicals to implement new approach methodologies in chemical risk assessment. EFSA J 2023; 21:e211101. [PMID: 38027439 PMCID: PMC10644227 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.e211101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications articles: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2023.EN-8441/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2023.EN-8440/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2023.EN-8437/full.
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Viel A, Nouichi A, Le Van Suu M, Rolland JG, Sanders P, Laurentie M, Manceau J, Henri J. PBPK Model To Predict Marbofloxacin Distribution in Edible Tissues and Intestinal Exposure in Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4358-4370. [PMID: 36877630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marbofloxacin (MAR) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in food-producing animals in European Union, especially in pigs. In this study, MAR concentrations in plasma, comestible tissues, and intestinal segments were determined in pigs injected with MAR. Based on these data and the literature, a flow-limited PBPK model was developed to predict the tissue distribution of MAR and estimate the withdrawal period after label-use in Europe. A submodel describing the different segments of the intestinal lumen was also developed to assess the intestinal exposure of MAR for the commensal bacteria. During model calibration, only four parameters were estimated. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate a virtual population of pigs. The simulation results were compared with the observations from an independent data set during the validation step. A global sensitivity analysis was also carried out to identify the most influential parameters. Overall, the PBPK model was able to adequately predict the MAR kinetics in plasma and edible tissues, as well as in small intestines. However, the simulated concentrations in the large intestine were mostly underestimated, highlighting the need for improvements in the field of PBPK modeling to assess the intestinal exposure of antimicrobials in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Viel
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Anis Nouichi
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Mélanie Le Van Suu
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Jean-Guy Rolland
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Michel Laurentie
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Jacqueline Manceau
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Jérôme Henri
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
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4
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Cattaneo I, Astuto MC, Binaglia M, Devos Y, Dorne JLCM, Ana FA, Fernandez DA, Garcia-Vello P, Kass GE, Lanzoni A, Liem AKD, Panzarea M, Paraskevopulos K, Parra Morte JM, Tarazona JV, Terron A. Implementing New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in food safety assessments: Strategic objectives and actions taken by the European Food Safety Authority. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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Fairman K, Choi MK, Gonnabathula P, Lumen A, Worth A, Paini A, Li M. An Overview of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Forensic Science. TOXICS 2023; 11:126. [PMID: 36851001 PMCID: PMC9964742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model represents the structural components of the body with physiologically relevant compartments connected via blood flow rates described by mathematical equations to determine drug disposition. PBPK models are used in the pharmaceutical sector for drug development, precision medicine, and the chemical industry to predict safe levels of exposure during the registration of chemical substances. However, one area of application where PBPK models have been scarcely used is forensic science. In this review, we give an overview of PBPK models successfully developed for several illicit drugs and environmental chemicals that could be applied for forensic interpretation, highlighting the gaps, uncertainties, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Fairman
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Me-Kyoung Choi
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Pavani Gonnabathula
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Annie Lumen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Miao Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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6
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Li Z, Xiong J, Fantke P. Screening of pesticide distributions in foods of animal origin: a matrix-based approach for biotransfer factor modeling of grazing mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:609-624. [PMID: 35356957 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are detected in a wide array of foods of animal origin, posing a threat to food safety and human health. Here, to facilitate the management of pesticide residues in livestock products, we proposed a screening model for simulating pesticide biotransfer factors (BTFs, ratio of steady-state pesticide concentration between animal tissues and feed) in mammalian bodies. The proposed model was developed based on simple matrix algebra using first-order kinetics. Simulation of over 700 pesticides in common food products derived from cattle and sheep indicated that pesticide biotransfer is a balancing process between uptake efficiency from the gut lumen and the uptake-elimination ratio (ratio of the overall uptake and elimination rate constants) in individual tissues. Furthermore, we parameterized the developed BTF model using the octanol-water partition coefficient. The simulated pesticide BTFs could be categorized into three lipophilicity phases, namely, the lipophilicity-boosting (log KOW < 4), lipophilicity-balancing (4 ≤ log KOW ≤ 8), and lipophilicity-limiting (log KOW > 8) phases, and the simulated general trends of BTFs were consistent with the experimental data. Although the metabolic rate constants of pesticides in mammalian bodies warrant further evaluation, the model proposed here can assist in the risk assessment and regulatory management of pesticide residues in foods of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Charles S, Ratier A, Lopes C. Generic Solving of One-compartment Toxicokinetic Models. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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OpenCYP: An open source database exploring human variability in activities and frequencies of polymophisms for major cytochrome P-450 isoforms across world populations. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:267-282. [PMID: 34352333 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The open source database "OpenCYP database" has been developed based on the results of extensive literature searches from the peer-reviewed literature. OpenCYP provides data on human variability on baseline of activities and polymophism frequencies for selected cytochrome P-450 isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/3A5 and CYP3A7) in healthy adult populations from world populations. CYP enzymatic activities were generally expressed as the metabolic ratio (MR) between an unchanged probe drug and its metabolite(s) in urine or plasma measured in healthy adults. Data on other age groups were very limited and fragmented, constituting an important data gap. Quantitative comparisons were often hampered by the different experimental conditions used. However, variability was quite limited for CYP1A2, using caffeine as a probe substrate, with a symmetrical distribution of metabolic activity values. For CYP3A4, human variability was dependent on the probe substrate itself with low variability when data considering the dextromethorphan/demethilathed metabolite MR were used and large variability when the urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio was used. The largest variability in CYP activity was shown for CYP2D6 activity, after oral dosing of dextromethorphan, for which genetic polymorphisms are well characterised and constitute a significant source of variability. It is foreseen that the OpenCYP database can contribute to promising tools to support the further development of QIVIVE and PBK models for human risk assessment of chemicals particularly when combined with information on isoform-specific content in cells using proteomic approaches.
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Dorne JLCM, Richardson J, Livaniou A, Carnesecchi E, Ceriani L, Baldin R, Kovarich S, Pavan M, Saouter E, Biganzoli F, Pasinato L, Zare Jeddi M, Robinson TP, Kass GEN, Liem AKD, Toropov AA, Toropova AP, Yang C, Tarkhov A, Georgiadis N, Di Nicola MR, Mostrag A, Verhagen H, Roncaglioni A, Benfenati E, Bassan A. EFSA's OpenFoodTox: An open source toxicological database on chemicals in food and feed and its future developments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106293. [PMID: 33395940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since its creation in 2002, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has produced risk assessments for over 5000 substances in >2000 Scientific Opinions, Statements and Conclusions through the work of its Scientific Panels, Units and Scientific Committee. OpenFoodTox is an open source toxicological database, available both for download and data visualisation which provides data for all substances evaluated by EFSA including substance characterisation, links to EFSA's outputs, applicable legislations regulations, and a summary of hazard identification and hazard characterisation data for human health, animal health and ecological assessments. The database has been structured using OECD harmonised templates for reporting chemical test summaries (OHTs) to facilitate data sharing with stakeholders with an interest in chemical risk assessment, such as sister agencies, international scientific advisory bodies, and others. This manuscript provides a description of OpenFoodTox including data model, content and tools to download and search the database. Examples of applications of OpenFoodTox in chemical risk assessment are discussed including new quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, integration into tools (OECD QSAR Toolbox and AMBIT-2.0), assessment of environmental footprints and testing of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) values for food related compounds. Finally, future developments for OpenFoodTox 2.0 include the integration of new properties, such as physico-chemical properties, exposure data, toxicokinetic information; and the future integration within in silico modelling platforms such as QSAR models and physiologically-based kinetic models. Such structured in vivo, in vitro and in silico hazard data provide different lines of evidence which can be assembled, weighed and integrated using harmonised Weight of Evidence approaches to support the use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in chemical risk assessment and the reduction of animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - J Richardson
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A Livaniou
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - E Carnesecchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologico Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Ceriani
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche, Via Ferrari 14, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - R Baldin
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche, Via Ferrari 14, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - S Kovarich
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche, Via Ferrari 14, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - M Pavan
- S-IN Soluzioni Informatiche, Via Ferrari 14, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - E Saouter
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - F Biganzoli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - L Pasinato
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M Zare Jeddi
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologico Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - T P Robinson
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - G E N Kass
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A K D Liem
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A A Toropov
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologico Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - A P Toropova
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologico Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - C Yang
- MN-AM, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - H Verhagen
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy; University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A Roncaglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologico Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - E Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologico Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - A Bassan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Li M, Wang YS, Elwell-Cuddy T, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part III: Sheep and goat. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:456-477. [PMID: 33350478 PMCID: PMC8359294 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This report is the third in a series of studies that aimed to compile physiological parameters related to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for drugs and environmental chemicals in food‐producing animals including swine and cattle (Part I), chickens and turkeys (Part II), and finally sheep and goats (the focus of this manuscript). Literature searches were conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest), with data on relevant parameters including body weight, relative organ weight (% of body weight), cardiac output, relative organ blood flow (% of cardiac output), residual blood volume (% of organ weight), and hematocrit reviewed and statistically summarized. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter are presented in tables. Equations describing the growth curves of sheep and goats are presented in figures. When data are sufficient, parameter values are reported for different ages or production classes of sheep, including fetal sheep, lambs, and market‐age sheep (mature sheep). These data provide a reference database for developing standardized PBPK models to predict drug withdrawal intervals in sheep and goats, and also provide a basis for extrapolating PBPK models from major species such as cattle to minor species such as sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yu-Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Trevor Elwell-Cuddy
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Berntssen MHG, Hoogenveen R, Rosenlund G, Garlito B, Zeilmaker MJ. Do background levels of the pesticide pirimiphosmethyl in plant-based aquafeeds affect food safety of farmed Atlantic salmon? Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:2109-2122. [PMID: 33079632 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1829717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of fish oil and fishmeal with plant-based ingredients in commercial aquafeeds for Atlantic salmon, may introduce novel contaminants that have not previously been associated with farmed fish. The organophosphate pesticide pirimiphos-methyl (PM) is one of the novel contaminants that is most prevalent in commercial salmon feed. In this study, the feed-to-fillet transfer of dietary PM and its main metabolites was investigated in Atlantic salmon fillet. Based on the experimental determined PM and metabolite uptake, metabolisation, and elimination kinetics, a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) compartmental model was developed. Fish fed PM had a relatively low (~4%) PM retention and two main metabolites (2-DAMP and Desethyl-PM) were identified in liver, muscle, kidney and bile. The absence of more metabolised forms of 2-DAMP and Desethyl-PM in Atlantic salmon indicates different metabolism in cold-water fish compared to previous studies on ruminants. The model was used to simulate the long term (>1.5 years) feed-to-fillet transfer of PM + metabolite in Atlantic salmon under realistic farming conditions including seasonal fluctuations in feed intake, growth, and fat deposition in muscle tissue. The model predictions show that with the constant presence of the highest observed PM concentration in commercial salmon feed, fillet PM+ metabolite levels were approximately 5 nmol kg-1, with highest levels for the metabolite 2-DAMP. No EU maximum residue levels (MRL) for PM and its main metabolites exist in seafood to date, but the predicted levels were lower than the MRL for PM in swine of 32.7 nmol kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H G Berntssen
- Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Marine Research (IMR) , Bergen, Norway
| | - Rudolf Hoogenveen
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Borja Garlito
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University JaumeI , Castellón, Spain
| | - Marco J Zeilmaker
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Lautz LS, Nebbia C, Hoeks S, Oldenkamp R, Hendriks AJ, Ragas AMJ, Dorne JLCM. An open source physiologically based kinetic model for the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus): Calibration and validation for the prediction residues in tissues and eggs. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105488. [PMID: 31991240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotics from anthropogenic and natural origin enter animal feed and human food as regulated compounds, environmental contaminants or as part of components of the diet. After dietary exposure, a chemical is absorbed and distributed systematically to a range of organs and tissues, metabolised, and excreted. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models have been developed to estimate internal concentrations from external doses. In this study, a generic multi-compartment PBK model was developed for chicken. The PBK model was implemented for seven compounds (with log Kow range -1.37-6.2) to quantitatively link external dose and internal dose for risk assessment of chemicals. Global sensitivity analysis was performed for a hydrophilic and a lipophilic compound to identify the most sensitive parameters in the PBK model. Model predictions were compared to measured data according to dataset-specific exposure scenarios. Globally, 71% of the model predictions were within a 3-fold change of the measured data for chicken and only 7% of the PBK predictions were outside a 10-fold change. While most model input parameters still rely on in vivo experiments, in vitro data were also used as model input to predict internal concentration of the coccidiostat monensin. Future developments of generic PBK models in chicken and other species of relevance to animal health risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lautz
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - C Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Hoeks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Oldenkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A J Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A M J Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science &Technology, Open University, 6419 AT Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
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