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Ting YC, Chang PK, Hung PC, Chou CCK, Chi KH, Hsiao TC. Characterizing emission factors and oxidative potential of motorcycle emissions in a real-world tunnel environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116601. [PMID: 37429395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Transportation emissions significantly affect human health, air quality, and climate in urban areas. This study conducted experiments in an urban tunnel in Taipei, Taiwan, to characterize vehicle emissions under real driving conditions, providing emission factors of PM2.5, eBC, CO, and CO2. By applying multiple linear regression, it derives individual emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), light-duty vehicles (LDVs), and motorcycles (MCs). Additionally, the oxidative potential using dithiothreitol assay (OPDTT) was established to understand PM2.5 toxicity. Results showed HDVs dominated PM2.5 and eBC concentrations, while LDVs and MCs influenced CO and CO2 levels. The CO emission factor for transportation inside the tunnel was found to be higher than those in previous studies, likely owing to the increased fraction of MCs, which generally emit higher CO levels. Among the three vehicle types, HDVs exhibited the highest PM2.5 and eBC emission factors, while CO and CO2 levels were relatively higher for LDVs and MCs. The OPDTTm demonstrated that fresh traffic emissions were less toxic than aged aerosols, but higher OPDTTv indicated the impact on human health cannot be ignored. This study updates emission factors for various vehicle types, aiding in accurate assessment of transportation emissions' effects on air quality and human health, and providing a guideline for formulating mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Ting
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Colledge of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Popek R, Mahawar L, Shekhawat GS, Przybysz A. Phyto-cleaning of particulate matter from polluted air by woody plant species in the near-desert city of Jodhpur (India) and the role of heme oxygenase in their response to PM stress conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70228-70241. [PMID: 35585451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the air. Urban vegetation, especially trees and shrubs, accumulates PM and reduces its concentration in ambient air. The aim of this study was to examine 10 tree and shrub species common for the Indian city of Jodhpur (Rajasthan) located on the edge of the Thar Desert and determine (1) the accumulation of surface and in-wax PM (both in three different size fractions), (2) the amount of epicuticular waxes on foliage, (3) the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd and Cu) on/in the leaves of the examined species, and (4) the level of heme oxygenase enzyme in leaves that accumulate PM and heavy metals. Among the investigated species, Ficus religiosa L. and Cordia myxa L. accumulated the greatest amount of total PM. F. religiosa is a tall tree with a lush, large crown and leaves with wavy edge, convex veins, and long petioles, while C. myxa have hairy leaves with convex veins. The lowest PM accumulation was recorded for drought-resistant Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss., which is probably due to their adaptation to growing conditions. Heavy metals (Cu and Cd) were found in the leaves of almost every examined species. The accumulation of heavy metals (especially Cu) was positively correlated with the amount of PM deposited on the foliage. A new finding of this study indicated a potentially important role of HO in the plants' response to PM-induced stress. The correlation between HO and PM was stronger than that between HO and HMs. The results obtained in this study emphasise the role of plants in cleaning polluted air in conditions where there are very high concentrations of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MM, Abo-EL-Sooud K, Hassan BA, Elbohi KM, Al-Sagheer AA. Effects of Co-Exposure of Nanoparticles and Metals on Different Organisms: A Review. TOXICS 2021; 9:284. [PMID: 34822675 PMCID: PMC8623643 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wide nanotechnology applications and the commercialization of consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have increased the release of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment. Titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silica NPs are widely implicated NPs in industrial, medicinal, and food products. Different types of pollutants usually co-exist in the environment. Heavy metals (HMs) are widely distributed pollutants that could potentially co-occur with NPs in the environment. Similar to what occurs with NPs, HMs accumulation in the environment results from anthropogenic activities, in addition to some natural sources. These pollutants remain in the environment for long periods and have an impact on several organisms through different routes of exposure in soil, water, and air. The impact on complex systems results from the interactions between NPs and HMs and the organisms. This review describes the outcomes of simultaneous exposure to the most commonly found ENMs and HMs, particularly on soil and aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (M.M.H.); (K.A.-E.-S.)
| | - Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (M.M.H.); (K.A.-E.-S.)
| | - Bayan A. Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 41639, Egypt;
| | - Khlood M. Elbohi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Adham A. Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Pikula K, Tretyakova M, Zakharenko A, Johari SA, Ugay S, Chernyshev V, Chaika V, Kalenik T, Golokhvast K. Environmental Risk Assessment of Vehicle Exhaust Particles on Aquatic Organisms of Different Trophic Levels. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100261. [PMID: 34678957 PMCID: PMC8539507 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vehicle emission particles (VEPs) represent a significant part of air pollution in urban areas. However, the toxicity of this category of particles in different aquatic organisms is still unexplored. This work aimed to extend the understanding of the toxicity of the vehicle exhaust particles in two species of marine diatomic microalgae, the planktonic crustacean Artemia salina, and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. These aquatic species were applied for the first time in the risk assessment of VEPs. Our results demonstrated that the samples obtained from diesel-powered vehicles completely prevented egg fertilization of the sea urchin S. intermedius and caused pronounced membrane depolarization in the cells of both tested microalgae species at concentrations between 10 and 100 mg/L. The sample with the highest proportion of submicron particles and the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had the highest growth rate inhibition in both microalgae species and caused high toxicity to the crustacean. The toxicity level of the other samples varied among the species. We can conclude that metal content and the difference in the concentrations of PAHs by itself did not directly reflect the toxic level of VEPs, but the combination of both a high number of submicron particles and high PAH concentrations had the highest toxic effect on all the tested species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- Federal Research Center the Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Petrovskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariya Tretyakova
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, P.O. Box 267, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.C.)
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Sergey Ugay
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Valery Chernyshev
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Vladimir Chaika
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, P.O. Box 267, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Tatiana Kalenik
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- Federal Research Center the Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Petrovskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Przybysz A, Popek R, Stankiewicz-Kosyl M, Zhu CY, Małecka-Przybysz M, Maulidyawati T, Mikowska K, Deluga D, Griżuk K, Sokalski-Wieczorek J, Wolszczak K, Wińska-Krysiak M. Where trees cannot grow - Particulate matter accumulation by urban meadows. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147310. [PMID: 33932673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has already been proven that trees and shrubs, can efficiently remove particulate matter (PM) from air. However, almost nothing is known about PM accumulation by herbaceous plants (grasses and forbs) found in urban meadows. Meadows, unlike trees and shrubs, can be located close to roads, one of the main sources of PM in cites. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance to urban condition and PM accumulation in the immediate roads vicinity of selected plants species in urban meadows. PM accumulation of annual and perennial meadows was compared with that of lawns. Results were interpreted in the context of species composition, biomass production, soil conditions and ambient PM concentrations. Of the species grown in annual meadows, the highest PM accumulation was found in Achillea millefolium L., Chenopodium album L. and Echium vulgare L., while Centaurea scabiosa L., Echium vulgare L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. accumulated the largest amounts of PM in perennial meadows. PM deposition on plants was positively correlated with a feathery leaf shape. For species in the annual meadows, a positive correlation was also found between PM accumulation and the wax content on plants. The presence of hairs on leaves, leaf size and plant growth pattern had no effect on PM deposition on plants. PM accumulation in one square metre of urban meadow was on average greater than that of lawn, regardless of meadow species' composition, age and location. The greatest accumulation of PM was found in a perennial meadow with low biodiversity but the greatest biomass. It would appear that the biomass produced by meadows and canopy structure has a crucial impact on the amount of PM accumulated by meadow plants. The results obtained indicate that meadows could be an important element of nature-based solutions for mitigating air pollution in urbanised areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - R Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Stankiewicz-Kosyl
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ch Y Zhu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - M Małecka-Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Maulidyawati
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Mikowska
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Deluga
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Griżuk
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Sokalski-Wieczorek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Wolszczak
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wińska-Krysiak
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Bushueva TV, Minigalieva IA, Panov VG, Sutunkova MP, Gurvich VB, Shur VY, Shishkina EV, Naumova AS, Artemenko EP, Katsnelson BA. Comparative and Combined In Vitro Vasotoxicity of Nanoparticles Containing Lead and Cadmium. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325820982163. [PMID: 33628148 PMCID: PMC7882761 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820982163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro toxicological experiments were performed on an endothelial cell line exposed to different doses of spherical nanoparticles of cadmium and/or of lead sulfides with mean diameter 37 ± 5 nm and 24 ± 4 nm, respectively. Toxic effects were estimated by Luminescent Cell Viability Assay, endothelin-1 concentration and cell size determination. Some dose-response relationships were typically monotonic (well approximated with hyperbolic function) while others were bi- or even 3-phasic and could be described within the expanded hormesis paradigm. The combined toxicity type variated depending on the effect it was assessed by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Bushueva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Industrial Ecology, the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvich
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ya Shur
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Shishkina
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna S Naumova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta P Artemenko
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Dai YL, Jiang YF, Lu YA, Yu JB, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Fucoxanthin-rich fraction from Sargassum fusiformis alleviates particulate matter-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:349-358. [PMID: 33665132 PMCID: PMC7898073 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) contributes to air pollution and primarily originates from unregulated industrial emissions and seasonal natural dust emissions. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine natural pigment from brown macroalgae that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on health. However, the effects of Fx on PM-induced toxicities in cells and animals have not been assessed. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the Fx-rich fraction (FxRF) of Sargassum fusiformis against PM-mediated inflammatory responses. The FxRF composition was analyzed by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fx and other main pigments were identified. FxRF attenuated the production of inflammatory components, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 from PM-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. PM exposure also reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and PGE2 in PM-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, the culture medium from PM-exposed HaCaT cells induced upregulation of NO, iNOS, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. FxRF also significantly decreased the expression levels of factors involved in inflammatory responses, such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and cell death, in PM-exposed zebrafish embryos. These results demonstrated the potential protective effects of FxRF against PM-induced inflammation both in vitro and in a zebrafish model.
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Key Words
- Anti-inflammatory response
- COX, Cyclooxygenase
- DCFH-DA, 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- Fucoxanthin
- Fx, Fucoxanthin
- FxRF, Fucoxanthin-rich fraction
- H-PM, Culture medium of PM-induced keratinocytes
- IL, Interleukin
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NO, Nitric oxide
- PGE, Prostaglandin E
- PI, Propidium iodide
- PM, Particulate matter
- Particulate matter
- SE, Standard error
- Sargassum fusiformis
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthases
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Dai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Postdoctoral Work Station of Jilin Aodong Medicine Group Co., Ltd., Dunhua 133700, China
| | - Yun-Fei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiang-Bo Yu
- Postdoctoral Work Station of Jilin Aodong Medicine Group Co., Ltd., Dunhua 133700, China
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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Nduka JK, Kelle HI, Ogoko EC. Hazards and risk assessment of heavy metals from consumption of locally manufactured painkiller drugs in Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1066-1074. [PMID: 33072522 PMCID: PMC7547146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the informal sector of Nigeria's economy, jobs are done manually as against automation resulting in body stress and pain, hence the need for painkiller drugs. Thirty different locally manufactured painkiller drugs, with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, were randomly sampled from pharmaceutical shops within Awka in October 2016. The drugs were pulverised, sieved and ashed before digestion using conc aqua regia HCl : HNO3 (3:1), carcinogenic heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nicked and lead) were assayed using Varian AA240 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Risk assessment was carried out using US EPA model. The highest levels of arsenic (0.350 mg/kg) were found in samples with code 01, 03 and 020, cadmium (0.107 mg/kg and 0.144 mg/kg) were in samples code 013 and 028, and samples 03 and 011 had chromium levels as 6.637 mg/kg and 5.298 mg/kg. Highest value of mercury (0.470 mg/kg) was in sample code 01. All the painkiller drugs have nickel in the range of 0.046-0.448 mg/kg while highest values of lead were in sample code 05, 025 and 029 as 2.47 mg/kg, 1.11 mg/kg and 1.16 mg/kg. Non-cancer risk ranged as As (Nd -1.60 × 10-3), Cd (Nd-1.97 × 10-4), Cr (Nd-6.06 × 10-6), Hg (Nd-2.15 × 10-4), Ni (9.93 × 10-6-3.34 × 10-5) and Pb (Nd-4.36 × 10-4) while the cancer risk were As (Nd-1.63 × 10-7), Cd (Nd-4.45 × 10-9), Cr (Nd-1.56 × 10-7), Hg (Nd -1.53 × 10-9), Ni (1.50 × 10-10 -1.46 × 10-9) and Pb (Nd-8.82 × 10-9). The total cancer risk (TCR) and total non-cancer risk (TNCR) for all the heavy metals were in the range of 7.21 × 10-13-1.25 × 10-10 and 1.51 × 10-7-5.56 × 10-5 respectively. The TCR was below 1 × 10-6 -1 × 10-4 range while TNCR for heavy metals was below 1; the values established by US EPA. In conclusion, continuous consumption of locally Nigerian made painkiller drugs may expose the subjects to heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kanayochukwu Nduka
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Sciences, National Open University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Chima Ogoko
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Sciences, National Open University, Abuja, Nigeria
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Wardoyo AYP, Juswono UP, Noor JAE. The association between the diesel exhaust particle exposure from bus emission and the tubular epithelial cell deformation of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23073-23080. [PMID: 32333344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The diesel vehicle emissions regarding particles have become a problem due to human health adversely. Especially ultrafine particles (diameter ≤ 100 nm) can deeply penetrate the human body leading to cell deformation. Investigation of the diesel ultrafine particle exposure to the cell deformation has become a challenge to build up understanding the impacts of ultrafine particles on human health. Moreover, the relationship between high exposure to diesel ultrafine particles and the deformation of the rat's tubular epithelial cells is not clear. In this study, we investigated the impact of the diesel ultrafine particle exposure to the rat's tubular cells. Three diesel busses were used as the sources of the particles, while 50 rats were used as the experimental animals. The diesel emission was filtered using an N95 particulate filter and a suction pump. The rats were exposed to the diesel ultrafine particle emission for 100 s with three different concentrations C1, C2, and C3 for eight consecutive days. All rats were sacrificed on the day after exposures to examine the histological images. The results showed that the deformation level of the tubular epithelial cells was positively associated with the concentration of the ultrafine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinto Yudi Ponco Wardoyo
- Laboratory of Air Quality and Astro Imaging, Physics Department, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Unggul Pundjung Juswono
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Physics Department, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Johan Andoyo Effendi Noor
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Physics Department, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, Indonesia
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10
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Kholodov A, Zakharenko A, Drozd V, Chernyshev V, Kirichenko K, Seryodkin I, Karabtsov A, Olesik S, Khvost E, Vakhnyuk I, Chaika V, Stratidakis A, Vinceti M, Sarigiannis D, Hayes AW, Tsatsakis A, Golokhvast K. Identification of cement in atmospheric particulate matter using the hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03299. [PMID: 32128461 PMCID: PMC7042420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of cement is associated with the emissions of dust and particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds into the environment. People living near cement production facilities are potentially exposed to these pollutants, including carcinogens, although at lower doses than the factory workers. In this study we focused on the distribution of fine particulate matter, the composition, size patterns, and spatial distribution of the emissions from Spassk cement plant in Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation. The particulate matter was studied in wash-out from vegetation (conifer needles) using a hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that fine particulate matter (PM10 fraction) extended to the entire town and its neighbourhood. The percentage of PM10 in different areas of the town and over the course of two seasons ranged from 34.8% to 65% relative to other size fractions of particulate matter. It was further shown that up to 80% of the atmospheric PM content at some sampling points was composed of cement-containing particles. This links the cement production in Spassk-Dalny with overall morbidity of the town population and pollution of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kholodov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation.,Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr-t 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Drozd
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Chernyshev
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Kirichenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan Seryodkin
- Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Radio Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Karabtsov
- Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr-t 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Olesik
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Khvost
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Vakhnyuk
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Chaika
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Antonios Stratidakis
- Environmental Health Engineering, University School of Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolical and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dimosthenis Sarigiannis
- Environmental Health Engineering, University School of Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy.,Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova Street, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation.,Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Radio Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation.,Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, Saint-Petersburgh, 190121, Russian Federation
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11
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Thilagar G, Samuthirapandian R. Chitosan from crustacean shell waste and its protective role against lead toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:296-303. [PMID: 32071883 PMCID: PMC7016161 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study heavy metal removing capability and antioxidant properties of chitosan supplemented diet tested in lead poisoning induced Oreochromis mossambicus in comparison with and standard fish diet. O. mossambicus fishes weighed (20 ± 2gm) were purchased from a local commercial fish pond and acclimated to the laboratory conditions for 10 days. After that fish were dived into four groups, each group received respective feed throughout the experimental period. The fish fed with standard diet exhibited drastic weakening of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ascorbic acid, α- tocopherol and β-carotene and also displayed abnormal histological changes in gills, liver, and intestine. The fish fed with a chitosan supplemented diet for 10 days showed substantial enhancements in antioxidant levels and also normal histological structures of organs in the fish.
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12
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Experimental investigation of acoustic agglomeration of diesel engine exhaust particles using new created acoustic chamber. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Pikula KS, Chernyshev VV, Zakharenko AM, Chaika VV, Waissi G, Hai LH, Hien TT, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast KS. Toxicity assessment of particulate matter emitted from different types of vehicles on marine microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108785. [PMID: 31606615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution caused by vehicle emissions remains a serious environmental threat in urban areas. Sedimentation of atmospheric aerosols, surface wash, drainage water, and urbane wastewater can bring vehicle particle emissions into the aquatic environment. However, the level of toxicity and mode of toxic action for this kind of particles are not fully understood. Here we explored the aquatic toxic effects of particulate matter emitted from different types of vehicles on marine microalgae Porphyridium purpureum and Heterosigma akashiwo. We used flow cytometry to evaluate growth rate inhibition, changes in the level of esterase activity, changes in membrane potential and size changes of microalgae cells under the influence of particulate matter emitted by motorcycles, cars and specialized vehicles with different types of engines and powered by different types of fuel. Both microalgae species were highly influenced by the particles emitted by diesel-powered vehicles. These particle samples had the highest impact on survival, esterase activity, and membrane potential of microalgae and caused the most significant increase in microalgae cell size compared to the particles produced by gasoline-powered vehicles. The results of the algae-bioassay strongly correlate with the data of laser granulometry analyses, which indicate that the most toxic samples had a significantly higher percentage of particles in the size range less than 1 μm. Visual observation with an optical microscope showed intensive agglomeration of the particles emitted by diesel-powered vehicles with microalgae cells. Moreover, within the scope of this research, we did not observe the direct influence of metal content in the particles to the level of their aquatic toxicity, and we can conclude that physical damage is the most probable mechanism of toxicity for vehicle emitted particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir V Chaika
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Greta Waissi
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, POB 1627 70211, Finland
| | - Le Hong Hai
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation
| | - To Trong Hien
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation; University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology, Heraklion, 71003, Greece; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690014, Russian Federation
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14
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Samadi N, Ansari R, Khodavirdilo B. Synthesized Nano particle derivation of poly (Styrene - co- Maleic Anhydride) and sour cherry Rock for removing nickel (II) ion from aqueous solutions. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:590-597. [PMID: 31297332 PMCID: PMC6597936 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This method is very suitable for removing heavy metal ions such as Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solurions. These adsorbents have high selectivity and sensitivity for the removal of Nickel (II) ions. This work has high adsorption capacity specially with CSMA-MO.
In this study, Prunus Cerasus Rock (PCR) and Poly (Styrene – co- Maleic Anhydride) modified with Melamine-Oxalic acid (SMA-MO) were used to prepare a cheap adsorbent through chemical modification. The maximum removal was observed at pH = 6.0 and adsorbent dose 1.5 g/L for initial Nickel -ions concentration 30 mg/L. Study of temperature effect proved that the process is endothermic. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for equilibrium adsorption data. Langmuir isotherm proved to be a better fit. Pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models were applied to analyze the kinetic mechanism of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Samadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bakhtiar Khodavirdilo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
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15
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Nduka JK, Kelle HI, Amuka JO. Health risk assessment of cadmium, chromium and nickel from car paint dust from used automobiles at auto-panel workshops in Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:449-456. [PMID: 31193556 PMCID: PMC6536459 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fairly used vehicular importation into Nigeria is reputed to be the highest in Africa. Most modern cars/vehicles are fitted with some electronic, electrical devices and mechanical components that contain heavy metals. Due to prevailing economic hardship and the fact that new vehicles are out of reach of average Nigerians, the vehicles are taken to the automobile workshops for total overhaul and refurbishing. Metal values of soil from all the workshops were higher than that of paint dust matrix, this can be attributed to the fact that as vehicles are repaired and taken away, more are brought into the workshops for repair. For cadmium and chromium, children are marginally at risk of cancer than adult through ingestion, while dermal contact does not pose any serious threat.
Nigeria’s economic problems which inhibited local production has resulted in massive importation of used automobiles. Most of these automobiles need some repairs and reworking, having outlived their lifespan in the manufacturer’s country. This study centers on the human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of cadmium, chromium and nickel exposures from reworking of imported used vehicles. Scraped car paint dusts from 56 Japanese made cars were collected from 8 different panel beating (body works) workshops (A–H) in Southeastern Nigeria. They were homogenized, mixed, divided into fine particles, filtered and digested by standard method. The filtrates were assayed for cadmium, chromium and nickel with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS, 200A), workshops F and D have the highest concentration (mg/kg) of Cd (3.58 ± 0.02) and (3.36 ± 0.04) and higher than levels in workshops A, B, C, E, G and H. Chromium (mg/kg) in workshops F and G were (2.87 ± 0.04) and (2.95 ± 0.06) and higher than the other workshops. Nickel in workshop A (3.84 ± 0.04) is close to other workshop values. The highest hazard quotients for adults were cadmium in workshops B (1.37E-01), D (1.69E-01), E (1.79E-01) (inhalation), chromium [workshops G (5.45E-02), F (5.29E-02) and C (5.24E-02) inhalation]. Nickel -workshop A (5.9E-03) for children (inhalation). HQ in children through ingestion is cadmium (3.72E-04) workshop F and ingestion- 3.21E-01(workshop F) while nickel is 1.06E-02 (workshop A).The highest cancer risks were in exponents -4,-7 and -8 (adult) and -3, -6 and -9 (children) for workshops A–H through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact, exposures to scrap car paint dust may be of significant public health importance in Nigeria as it can add to body burden of some carcinogenic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kanayochukwu Nduka
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Sciences National Open University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Johnpaul Onyenezi Amuka
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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16
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Lin YC, Chou FC, Li YC, Jhang SR, Shangdiar S. Effect of air pollutants and toxic emissions from various mileage of motorcycles and aerosol related carcinogenicity and mutagenicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:771-777. [PMID: 30476800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the mileage and the health risk assessment of aerosol carcinogenicity and mutagenicity emitted by ten in-use motorcycles. The total p-PAHs emission factor of ten in-use motorcycles are 676.3 μg km-1 with average of 67.6 ± 13.6 μg km-1. Naphthalene (Nap) shows the largest emission factors, followed by phenanthrene (PA) and fluoranthen (FL). The mileage present high correlation coefficient (Rsp = 0.681) with CO. CO is associated with cumulative mileage leading to bad combustion efficiency, which caused low to high relationship for total p-PAHs (Rsp = 0.388), PM2.5 (Rsp = 0.680) and NOx (Rsp = 0.799). Both PM2.5 and total p-PAHs are generally generated via incomplete combustion and the results expressed the moderate to high correlation (Rsp = 0.578, 0.898) with NOx. Taking into consideration of high-mileage motorcycles (30,001-50,000 km), the toxic equivalent of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity exhaust are about 4.67, 1.99 and 3.89, 2.0 times higher than low (10,001-20,000 km) and middle (20,001-30,000 km) cumulative mileages, respectively. Therefore, in the conclusion of our study in compared with that of other research directed the fact that lower carcinogenicity and mutagenicity emission factor were found at lower cumulative mileages motorcycles however, the impact increases with the high cumulative mileage motorcycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University,Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Chih Chou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Syu-Ruei Jhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sumarlin Shangdiar
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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17
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Morphological and chemical composition of particulate matter in buses exhaust. Toxicol Rep 2018; 6:120-125. [PMID: 30671347 PMCID: PMC6327065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle size distribution is divided in two groups, particles sized under 50 μm and particles within the range of 100–1000 μm. Soot particles are represented by amorphous carbon, while in 5% of cases structured carbon particles is found. According to RAMAN spectra, large particles are carbon agglomerates of irregular form. Samples contained metals hazardous to organisms such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Buses running on diesel fuel are the source of emission of predominantly large particles.
This research article investigates the particulate matter originated from the exhaust emissions of 20 bus models, within the territory of Vladivostok, Russian Federation. The majority of evaluated buses (17 out of 20) had emissions of large particles with sizes greater than 400 μm, which account for more than 80% of all measured particles. The analysis of the elemental composition showed that the exhaust emissions contained Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, with the concentration of Zn prevailing in all samples by two to three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations of the other elements.
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18
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Vicari T, Dagostim AC, Klingelfus T, Galvan GL, Monteiro PS, da Silva Pereira L, Silva de Assis HC, Cestari MM. Co-exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NpTiO 2) and lead at environmentally relevant concentrations in the Neotropical fish species Hoplias intermedius. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1032-1043. [PMID: 30386731 PMCID: PMC6205112 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing production and utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NpTiO2) invariably lead to their accumulation in oceans, rivers and other water bodies, thus increasing the risk to the welfare of this ecosystem. The progressive launch of these nanoparticles in the environment has been accompanied by concern in understanding the dynamics and the toxic effect of these xenobiotic in different ecosystems, either on their own or in tandem with different contaminants (such as organic compounds and heavy metals), possibly altering their toxicity. Nevertheless, it remains unknown if these combined effects may induce damage in freshwater organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the consequences caused by NpTiO2, after a waterborne exposure of 96 h to a Neotropical fish species Hoplias intermedius, as well as after a co-exposure with lead, whose effects for fish have already been well described in the literature. The characterization of NpTiO2 stock suspension was carried out in order to provide additional information and revealed a stable colloidal suspension. As a result, NpTiO2 showed some genotoxic effects which were observed by comet assay in gill, kidney and brain cells. Also, the activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has not changed, but the activity of muscle AChE decreased in the group exposed only to PbII. Regarding the hepatic antioxidant system, catalase (CAT) did not show any change in its activity, whereas that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) intensified in the groups submitted only to PbII and NpTiO2 alone. As for lipid peroxidation, there was a decrease in the group exposed to the NpTiO2 alone and to the co-exposed group (NpTiO2+PbII). As far as metallothionein is concerned, its concentration rose for the co-exposed group (NpTiO2+PbII) and for the group exposed to PbII alone. Overall, we may conclude that NpTiO2 alone caused DNA damage to vital tissues. Also, some impairment related to the antioxidant mechanism was described but it is probably not related to the DNA damage observed, suggesting that the genotoxic effect observed may be due to a different mechanism instead of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dagostim
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Klingelfus
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Limberger Galvan
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Letícia da Silva Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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19
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Mohamed K, Zine K, Fahima K, Abdelfattah E, Sharifudin SM, Duduku K. NiO nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity mediated through ROS generation and impairing the antioxidant defense in the human lung epithelial cells (A549): Preventive effect of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:480-488. [PMID: 29854619 PMCID: PMC5977410 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) have attracted increasing attention owing to potential capacity to penetrate to several human cell systems and exert a toxic effect. Elsewhere, the use of medicinal plants today is the form of the most widespread medicine worldwide. Utilizing aromatic plants as interesting source of phytochemicals constitute one of the largest scientific concerns. Thus this study was focused to investigate antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of essential oil of a Mediterranean plant P. lentiscus (PLEO) on NiO NPs induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells (A549). The obtained results showed that cell viability was reduced by NiO NPs, who's also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species and reduction of antioxidant enzymes activities. Our results also demonstrated that PLEO contains high amounts in terpinen-4-ol (11.49%), germacrene D (8.64%), α-pinene (5.97%), sabinene (5.19%), caryophyllene (5.10%) and δ-Cadinene (4.86%). PLEO exhibited a potent antioxidant capacity by cell viability improving, ROS scavenging and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system against NiO NPs in this model of cells. The present work demonstrated, for the first time, the protective activity of PLEO against cell oxidative damage induced by NiO NPs. It was suggested that this plant essential oil could be use as a cells protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiari Mohamed
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria.,Phytochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Kechrid Zine
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Klibet Fahima
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Elfeki Abdelfattah
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology Animal, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Shaarani Md Sharifudin
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Krishnaiah Duduku
- Phytochemical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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20
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Wardoyo AYP, Juswono UP, Noor JAE. Varied dose exposures to ultrafine particles in the motorcycle smoke cause kidney cell damages in male mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:383-389. [PMID: 29854608 PMCID: PMC5977376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles has significant effect on kidney cell deformation. The exposure results in alterations in glomerular and tubular epithelial cells. Ultrafine particle concentration determines kidney cell deformation.
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are one of motorcycle exhaust emissions which can penetrate the lung alveoli and deposit in the kidney. This study was aimed to investigate mice kidney cell physical damage (deformation) due to motorcycle exhaust emission exposures. The motorcycle exhaust emissions were sucked from the muffler with the rate of 33 cm3/s and passed through an ultrafine particle filter system before introduced into the mice exposure chamber. The dose concentration of the exhaust emissions was varied by setting the injected time of the 20s, 40s, 60s, 80s, and 100s. The mice were exposed to the smoke in the chamber for 100 s twice a day. The impact of the ultrafine particles on the kidney was observed by identifying the histological image of the kidney cell deformation using a microscope. The exposure was conducted for 10 days. The kidney observations were carried out on day 11. The results showed that there was a significant linear correlation between the total concentration of ultrafine particles deposited in the kidneys and the physical damage percentages. The increased concentrations of ultrafine particles caused larger cell deformation to the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinto Y P Wardoyo
- Department of Physics, Brawijaya University, Malang Indonesia Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Unggul P Juswono
- Department of Physics, Brawijaya University, Malang Indonesia Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Johan A E Noor
- Department of Physics, Brawijaya University, Malang Indonesia Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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