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Rao S, Surya S, S R P, Ali S, Prabhu A, Ginjupalli K, Shenoy PU, Das R, B T N. Biocompatibility of polymethyl methacrylate heat-polymerizing denture base resin copolymerized with antimicrobial monomers. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:644.e1-644.e10. [PMID: 39004572 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Quaternary ammonium (QA)-based monomers such as dimethyl-hexadecyl-methacryloxyethyl-ammonium iodide (DHMAI) and 2-dimethyl-2-dodecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium iodine (DDMAI) have been investigated as copolymerizable monomers to impart antimicrobial activity to dental restorative and prosthetic materials. However, the biocompatibility of these antimicrobial monomers needs to be investigated in vivo before their clinical use. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo biocompatibility of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) heat-polymerizing denture base resin copolymerized with varying concentrations of DHMAI and DDMAI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The toxicity and genotoxicity of the antimicrobial monomers (DHMAI 5 µg/mL and DDMAI 20 µg/mL) at 1 to 100 µg/mL concentrations were investigated against zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio, n=10) using a zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) or fish embryotoxicity test (FET) and comet assay, respectively. Further, DHMAI 5 µg/mL and DDMAI 20 µg/mL were incorporated into a conventional PMMA denture base system and a similar test was done on specimens of modified PMMA resin. For the evaluation of in vivo biocompatibility, modified PMMA specimens were subcutaneously implanted into Wistar rats (n=6) and biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters were investigated. Results were analyzed and compared using ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS Toxicity and genotoxicity studies using zebrafish embryos revealed that the incorporation of monomer to PMMA did not increase the toxicity, as confirmed by post-hour fertilization. Modified PMMA did not affect the hematological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) except for the platelet count, which was significantly increased (P<.001), and the biochemical parameter, such as total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), triglyceride (TG), creatinine (Crea), total cholesterol, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which was significantly decreased (P<.01). Histopathologically, no changes were observed in the sections of the liver, kidney, spleen, and subcutaneous tissues in the modified PMMA implanted rats. Additionally, no significant variation was found in the expression of immunohistochemical marker tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), confirming the noninflammatory response exerted by the modified PMMA on experimental rats. CONCLUSIONS Zebrafish embryos treated with modified PMMA specimens demonstrated favorable biological properties and did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Subcutaneously implanted modified PMMA did not cause any major hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in Wistar albino rats, thus confirming the biocompatibility of PMMA heat-polymerizing denture base resin incorporated with DHMAI and DDMAI for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Rao
- Reader, Department of Dental Materials, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Suprith Surya
- Consultant Veterinary Surgeon, Advanced Surgical Skill Enhancement Division (ASSEND), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan S R
- Research scholar, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Saheb Ali
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Associate Professor, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Ginjupalli
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Umesh Shenoy
- Research scholar, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranajit Das
- Associate Professor, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandish B T
- Professor, Department of Dental materials, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
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Enogieru AB, Iyoha EN. Role of Nitric Oxide, TNF-α and Caspase-3 in Lead Acetate-Exposed Rats Pretreated with Aqueous Rosmarinus officinalis Leaf Extract. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4021-4031. [PMID: 38012512 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a worldwide significant public health challenge causing several neurological disorders. Reports indicate that plants rich in antioxidants, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), can counteract Pb accumulation and its toxicity in the brain. Due to a dearth of literature evidence demonstrating the protective activity of RO against Pb toxicity, this study investigated such activity in Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into six groups (n=6), namely I (control), II (lead acetate [Pb]; 100 mg/kg b.w.), III (100 mg/kg of RO and 100 mg/kg of Pb), IV (200 mg/kg of RO and 100 mg/kg of Pb), V (100 mg/kg b.w. of RO) and VI (200 mg/kg b.w. of RO). After 28 days, neurobehavioural, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, apoptotic and inflammatory activities as well as the histology of the cerebellum were evaluated. Body weight, locomotion and exploration as well as antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Pb-exposed rats when compared to control. Conversely, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and caspase-3 activities were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the Pb-exposed rats when compared to control. These parameters were, however, significantly (p<0.05) attenuated in the RO-pretreated rats when compared to Pb-exposed rats. Cerebellar histology of the Pb-exposed rats showed severe degeneration of the Purkinje cells whereas the RO-pretreated rats showed better cerebellar architecture. These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective activity of RO is facilitated via its effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaze Bijou Enogieru
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Etinosa Nathan Iyoha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Okhue E, Kadiri HE, Ichipi-Ifukor PC, Ben-Azu B, Asagba SO, Achuba FI, Oyem JC. Prenatal double-hit with aluminium and cadmium mediate testicular atrophy and hypothalamic hypoplasia: the role of oxido-nitrergic stress and endocrine perturbations. Biometals 2024; 37:477-494. [PMID: 38190032 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
There is limited experimental evidence on the biochemical consequences of aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) co-exposures during pregnancy and postnatal life.This study investigated the impacts of perinatal Al chloride (AlCl3) and Cd chloride (CdCl2) co-exposures on neuroendocrine functions in mice offspring during postnatal life. The study comprised of four pregnant experimental groups. Group 1 received AlCl3 (10 mg/kg), group 2 were administered CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg), while group 3 received both AlCl3 (10 mg/kg) and CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg) (AlCl3+CdCl2), and group 4 received saline (10 mL/kg) only and served as control group. All experimental animals were chemically exposed once daily from gestation days 7-20. Upon delivery, male pups were regrouped based on maternal chemical exposure on postnatal day 21 (PND 21) and allowed to grow to adulthood until PND 78, after which they were sacrificed for assessment of neuroendocrine markers and histological investigations. There was no statistical significance (p > 0.05) on follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, estrogen and progesterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4) in all treatment groups relative to controls|. However, AlCl3 and AlCl3-CdCl2 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced triiodothyronine (T3) levels, with a profound increase in T3:T4 ratio by AlCl3, and AlCl3+CdCl2 compared to control. Furthermore, pups from pregnant mice treated with CdCl2 and AlCl3+CdCl2 demonstrated increased testicular malondialdehyde concentration with increased catalase activity relative to controls, suggesting oxidative imbalance. In addition, AlCl3, CdCl2, and AlCl3+CdCl2 exposures induced testicular and hypothalamic architectural disruption compared to controls, with marked architectural derangement in the AlCl3+CdCl2 group. Our findings suggest that prenatal co-exposures to Alcl3 and CdCl2 induce testicular and hypothalamic alterations in offspring via a testicular oxidative stress and thyrotoxicosis-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Okhue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Helen Ejiro Kadiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Novena University, Ogume, Nigeria
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Aminu A, Umar HO, Makena W, Isa ZA, Goni ZM, Onimisi OB, Ishaku B. Antagonistic effectiveness of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract on lead-acetate exposure-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023028-0. [PMID: 38298047 PMCID: PMC10834079 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poisoning is an environmental substance that accumulates in the hepato-renal tissue, which is hazardous to health, while Anacardium occidentale L. is a tropical herb used to treat oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antagonistic effect of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract on lead acetate exposure-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were split into six equal groups (n = 6). Group I served as a control, and groups II and III were administered lead acetate (50 mg/kg) and Anacardium occidentale leaf extract (400 mg/kg), respectively, while rats in groups IV-VI were administered Anacardium occidentale (L) extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and 10 mg/kg of Succimer, respectively, and were then administered lead acetate (50 mg/kg). When compared to the group I, rats administered lead acetate showed an increase in hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β (p < 0.001) levels and decreased levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH, whereas Anacardium occidentale prevented the increase in hepatorenal function parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) induced by lead acetate. Rats administered only lead acetate had a marked increase in hepatic Pb concentration, severe hepatic steatosis, and renal glomerulus degeneration. However, treatment with Anacardium occidentale extract and succimer decreases the Pb concentration, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and also reduces histological liver steatosis and glomerular cytoarchitecture deterioration in the kidney. The results of this study revealed that Anacardium occidentale extract protects against lead acetate-induced liver and kidney toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Aminu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Hauwa Onozasi Umar
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Wusa Makena
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Zakaria Alhaji Isa
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Zainab Muhammad Goni
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | | | - Barka Ishaku
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Igben VO, Iju WJ, Itivere OA, Oyem JC, Akpulu PS, Ahama EE. Datura metel stramonium exacerbates behavioral deficits, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice via redox imbalance. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:15. [PMID: 37381025 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Datura metel (DM) stramonium is a medicinal plant often abused by Nigerians due to its psychostimulatory properties. Hallucinations, confusion, agitation, aggressiveness, anxiety, and restlessness are reported amongst DM users. Earlier studies suggest that DM induces neurotoxicity and affect brain physiology. However, the exact neurological effects of DM extract in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal morphology have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that oral exposure to DM extract exerts a neurotoxic effect by increasing oxidative stress in the mPFC and the hippocampus and induces behavioral deficits in mice. RESULTS DM methanolic extract exposure significantly increased MDA and NO levels and reduced SOD, GSH, GPx and CAT activities in mice brains. In addition, our results showed that DM exposure produced cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviour in mice following oral exposure for 28 days. Moreover, the mPFC and hippocampus showed neurodegenerative features, loss of dendritic and axonal arborization, a dose-dependent decrease in neuronal cell bodies' length, width, area, and perimeter, and a dose-dependent increase in the distance between neuronal cell bodies. CONCLUSIONS Oral exposure to DM in mice induces behavioural deficits, mPFC and hippocampal neuronal degenerations via redox imbalance in the brain of mice. These observations confirm the neurotoxicity of DM extracts and raises concerns on the safety and potential adverse effects of DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilson Josiah Iju
- Department of Human Anatomy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy, Novena University Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria
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Ebirim CG, Esan O, Adetona MO, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Oladele OA, Adedapo AA, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Naringin administration mitigates oxidative stress, anemia, and hypertension in lead acetate-induced cardio-renal dysfunction in cockerel chicks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34890-34903. [PMID: 36520287 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the major pollutants that is harmful to both animals and humans. It is found in every aspect of the environment such as the air, water, and soil. This pollutant affects both wild and domestic birds. Naringin has an active principle called flavonoid that has been found to have medicinal properties, mostly because of its antioxidant and metal chelating properties. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of naringin as an antioxidant against lead-induced anemia, cardio and nephrotoxicity, and hypertension. This study also aimed at elucidating the use of naringin as a heavy metal binder in poultry feed. Thirty-six cockerel chicks were used for this study, and randomly grouped into six groups per group; group A served as the control, group B received Pb-only (300 ppm), group C (Pb and naringin; 80 mg/kg), group D (Pb and naringin; 160 mg/kg), group E (naringin 80 mg/kg), and group F (naringin 160 mg/kg), respectively, for 8 weeks. Lead (Pb) was administered via drinking water, while naringin was administered via oral gavage. Lead acetate intoxication precipitated anemia as indicated by significant reductions in the values of PCV, RBC, and Hb concentration in lead-treated chicks when compared with the controls. Also, lead administration induced hypertension together with increased oxidative stress, depletion of the antioxidant defense system, reduced nitric oxide production, and an increase in high blood pressure. Immunohistochemistry indicated high expressions of cardiac troponin, renal angiotensin-converting enzymes, and renal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Treatment with naringin corrected anemia, reduced oxidative stress, improved antioxidant system, reduced high blood pressure, and offered protection against lead acetate-induced cardio-renal dysfunction in cockerel chicks. We recommend that naringin should be incorporated poultry feeds as a metal binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinomso Gift Ebirim
- Institute of Earth and Life Sciences Institute, Pan African University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Esan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Moses Olusola Adetona
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omolade Abodunrin Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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Emam MA, Farouk SM, Aljazzar A, Abdelhameed AA, Eldeeb AA, Gad FAM. Curcumin and cinnamon mitigates lead acetate-induced oxidative damage in the spleen of rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1072760. [PMID: 36726787 PMCID: PMC9885216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead toxicity is a common occupational and environmental health hazard that exerts many toxic effects on animals and humans, including immunotoxicity. Curcumin (CUR) and cinnamon (CIN) are common medicinal herbs with immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effect of curcumin and cinnamon against lead acetate (LA)-induced splenotoxicity in rats via hemato-biochemical, immunological, oxidative stress marker, CYP-2E1 expression, histological, and immunohistological evaluations. Four groups of seven rats each were used: the control group received corn oil as a vehicle; the lead acetate group received (100 mg/kg), the CUR + LA group received curcumin (400 mg/kg) plus lead acetate, and the CIN + LA group received cinnamon (200 mg/kg) plus lead acetate orally for 1 month. LA exposure induced macrocytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphopenia. Additionally, significant elevations in serum iron, ferritin levels, and transferrin saturation percentage with significant decline of total and unsaturated iron binding capacities (TIBC and UIBC), transferrin, and immunoglobulin G and M levels were recorded. In addition, lead acetate significantly upregulated splenic CYP-2E1 expression, that was evident by significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and elevation of malondihyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations in the spleen. Histologically, hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles, hemosiderin deposition, and disturbance of CD3 and CD68 immuno-expressions were evident in the spleen from the lead acetate group. However, curcumin and cinnamon administration restored the hemato-biochemical, immunological, and oxidative stress parameters as well as histological and immunohistological pictures toward normalcy. In conclusion, curcumin and cinnamon can partially ameliorate LA-induced oxidative damage in the spleen, possibly through their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and gene-regulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelghaffar Emam
- Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,*Correspondence: Mahmoud Abdelghaffar Emam,
| | - Sameh Mohamed Farouk
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aljazzar
- Pathology Department, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Abdelhameed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Eldeeb
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abdel-monem Gad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Mishra A, Kumar V, Singh A. Deciphering the anti-filarial potential of bioactive compounds from Ocimum sanctum: a combined experimental and computational study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2237-2252. [PMID: 36415158 PMCID: PMC9704100 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2132030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The anthelminthic effect of Ocimum species (Lamiaceae) has been reported, however, its anti-filarial effect has not been explored to date. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effect of Ocimum sanctum L. (OS) against lymphatic filarial parasites. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ethanol extract of OS (EOS) leaves was tested for anti-filarial activity against Setaria cervi. Equal size and number (n = 10) of adult female S. cervi worms were incubated in 125, 250 or 375 μg/mL EOS extract for 6 h at 37 °C. The OS bioactive components were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and subjected to docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation against filarial antioxidant proteins. RESULTS The EOS significantly inhibited the motility of adult female S. cervi after 6 h of incubation. The motility was found to be reduced by 53.7% in 375 µg/mL and 43.8% in 250 µg/mL EOS after 6 h of treatment. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of ethanol extract of O. sanctum revealed the presence of 13 bioactive compounds. The docking analysis showed eight OS bioactive compounds to have high binding affinity (> 4.8 kcal/mol) towards antioxidant proteins of filarial parasites. Additionally, MD simulation studies showed significant impact of (RMSD ≤ 10 Å) chlorogenic acid, luteolin and ursolic acid on filarial antioxidant enzymes/proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-filarial activity of Ocimum sanctum. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The effect of EOS and OS bioactive components on human filarial parasites can be further evaluated for the development of new anti-filarial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anchal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Chen Z, Lu Q, Cao X, Wang K, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. Lead exposure promotes the inflammation via the circRNA-05280/miR-146a/IRAK1 axis in mammary gland. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114204. [PMID: 36274319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead, the most widely used heavy metal in industry, is detrimental to human health if exposed to living and occupational environment. Although several studies have been conducted on lead exposure, little has been reported on its harm to mammary gland and its mechanisms. In view of this, our study is the first to verify that lead exposure could promote apoptosis and inflammation in mouse mammary tissue (in vivo) and cow mammary epithelial cells (in vitro). After establishing a lead exposed mouse model, the expression profile of mammary gland tissue was constructed by high-throughput sequencing technology. In the profile, 917 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which IRAK1 was up-regulated by 4.33 times. Then, from qRT-PCR, Western blot and Luciferase report, IRAK1 was found to promote the release of inflammatory factors and tissue apoptosis and could be a specific target of miR-146a. On the other hand, double luciferase reporter system and qRT-PCR predicted the existence of a binding site between circRNA-05280 and miR-146a sequence. Experiments such as immunohistochemistry, apoptosis and EdU demonstrated that circRNA-05280 could promote not only cell apoptosis but also the expression level of inflammatory genes. Nevertheless, the function of miR-146a is opposite to that of circRNA-05280. Specifically, circRNA-05280 can regulate the level of apoptosis and inflammation of mammary gland by binding miR-146a and releasing the expression of miR-146a on target gene IRAK1. This study concludes that circRNA-05280/ miR-146a/ IRAK1 signaling pathway could mediate the mammary gland damage resulting from lead exposure. Accordingly, it sheds new light on further exploration of molecular mechanisms of mammary gland tissue damage caused by lead exposure, the risk assessment of lead, and the mechanism of lead mammary gland toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - QinYue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - YuHao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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The effects of aqueous extract of ocimum gratissimum on the cerebellum of male wistar rats challenged by lead acetate. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Shittu STT, Lasisi TJ, Shittu SAS, Adeyemi A, Adeoye TJ, Alada AA. Ocimum gratissimum enhances insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1257-1267. [PMID: 34900777 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The antidiabetic activities of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaf extract are well documented in experimental diabetes induced by beta cell destruction resulting in hypoinsulinemia. There is however paucity of data on its effect in conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemia. This study therefore investigated the effect of OG on insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone in male Wistar rats. Method Twenty male Wistar rats grouped as control, normal + OG, Dex and Dex + OG were used. Control and normal + OG received normal saline while Dex and Dex + OG received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p) followed by distilled water or OG (400 mg/kg) for 10 days. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-IR, liver and muscle glycogen, hexokinase activities, hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity were obtained. Histopathology of pancreas and liver tissues was carried out using standard procedures. Results Body weight reduced significantly in the Dex and Dex + OG groups compared with the control. FBG (147.8 ± 9.93 mg/dL), insulin (2.98 ± 0.49 µIU/ml) and HOMA-IR (1.11 ± 0.22) of Dex animals were higher than the control (FBG = 89.22 ± 6.53 mg/dL; insulin = 1.70 ± 0.49 µIU/ml; HOMA-IR = 0.37 ± 0.04). These were significantly reduced in the Dex + OG (FBG = 115.31 ± 5.93 mg/dL; insulin = 1.85 ± 0.11µIU/ml; HOMA-IR = 0.53 ± 0.08) compared with Dex. Glycogen content and hexokinase activities were increased in the Dex + OG. Increased pancreatic islet size, hepatic steatosis and HMG Co A reductase activity were observed in the Dex but reduced in Dex + OG. Conclusion OG promotes cellular glucose utilization and reduces hepatic fat accumulation in Wistar rats with insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone. Further study to identify the involved signal transduction will throw more light on the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taye Jemilat Lasisi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeyinka Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope James Adeoye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Agi GO, Ibe C, Ekweogu CN, Ude VC, Uche ME, Nnanna RO, Ugbogu EA. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil ( Ocimum gratissimum L.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08404. [PMID: 34901489 PMCID: PMC8642617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Ocimum gratissimum (clove basil) is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, anaemia, diarrhoea, pains, and fungal and bacterial infections. The present study reviewed the phytochemicals, essential oils, and pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum. The bioactive compounds extracted from O. gratissimum include phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, apigenin, nepetoidin, xanthomicrol, nevadensin, salvigenin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, and kaempfero) and essential oils (camphene, β-caryophyllene, α- and β-pinene, α-humulene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, trans-β-ocimene, linalool, α- and δ-terpineol, eugenol, α-copaene, β-elemene, p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol). Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that O. gratissimum and its bioactive constituents possess pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, and antimicrobial properties. This review demonstrated that O. gratissimum has a strong preventive and therapeutic effect against several diseases. The effectiveness of O. gratissimum to ameliorate various diseases may be attributed to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties as well as its capacity to improve the antioxidant systems. However, despite the widespread pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum, further experiments in human clinical trial studies are needed to establish effective and safe doses for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Oka Agi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine Nwabu Ekweogu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology, PMB 01660, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Ebubechi Uche
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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L M, Mitra P, Goyal T, Abhilasha, Sharma S, Purohit P, Sharma P. Association of blood lead level with neurobehavior and neurotransmitter expressions in Indian children. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:971-976. [PMID: 34026560 PMCID: PMC8122146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BLL had a significant direct correlation with abnormal neurobehavior. Serum serotonin levels were significantly lower in children with high blood lead levels (BLL). Serum serotonin and dopamine receptor expression were upregulated in children with high BLL. Serum serotonin levels had significant negative association with adverse neurobehavior. Dopamine receptor expression had significant positive association with adverse neurobehavior.
Present study aimed to assess the alterations in neurotransmitter expression and its association with Blood Lead Level (BLL) and neurobehavioral pattern in children. 72 school going children were recruited. Blood lead levels were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Neurobehavioral state was assessed by means of population specific scale i.e. CPMS (Childhood Psychopathological measurement Schedule). Serum serotonin and dopamine were estimated by ELISA, receptor and transporter gene expressions were assessed by quantitative real time PCR. Significant positive correlation was observed between Total CPMS score (i.e. adverse neurobehaviour) and BLL. Further, serum serotonin levels and dopamine receptor expression showed a negative and positive association with BLL, respectively. In similarity, serum serotonin levels showed a negative correlation and dopamine receptor expression had a significant positive correlation with total CPMS score. Environmental exposure to Lead (Pb) may result in significant alterations in the neurotransmitter levels which may be associated with neurobehavioral changes in the children exposed to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika L
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Taru Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Abhilasha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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