1
|
Li J, Wu K, Zhang J, Gao H, Xu X. Progress in the treatment of drug-loaded nanomaterials in renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115444. [PMID: 37716114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urinary tract tumor that arises from the highly heterogeneous epithelium of the renal tubules. The incidence of kidney cancer is second only to the incidence of bladder cancer, and has shown an upward trend over time. Although surgery is the preferred treatment for localized RCC, treatment decisions should be customized to individual patients considering their overall health status and the risk of developing or worsening chronic kidney disease postoperatively. Anticancer drugs are preferred to prevent perioperative and long-term postoperative complications; however, resistance to chemotherapy remains a considerable problem during the treatment process. To overcome this challenge, nanocarriers have emerged as a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery for cancer treatment. Nanocarriers can transport anticancer agents, achieving several-fold higher cytotoxic concentrations in tumors and minimizing toxicity to the remaining parts of the body. This article reviews the use of nanomaterials, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanocomposites, carbon nanomaterials, nanobubbles, nanomicelles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, for RCC treatment, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kunzhe Wu
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chavda VP, Nalla LV, Balar P, Bezbaruah R, Apostolopoulos V, Singla RK, Khadela A, Vora L, Uversky VN. Advanced Phytochemical-Based Nanocarrier Systems for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041023. [PMID: 36831369 PMCID: PMC9954440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world's most prevalent cancer, breast cancer imposes a significant societal health burden and is among the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Despite the notable improvements in survival in countries with early detection programs, combined with different modes of treatment to eradicate invasive disease, the current chemotherapy regimen faces significant challenges associated with chemotherapy-induced side effects and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, serious concerns regarding current chemotherapeutics are pressuring researchers to develop alternative therapeutics with better efficacy and safety. Due to their extremely biocompatible nature and efficient destruction of cancer cells via numerous mechanisms, phytochemicals have emerged as one of the attractive alternative therapies for chemotherapeutics to treat breast cancer. Additionally, phytofabricated nanocarriers, whether used alone or in conjunction with other loaded phytotherapeutics or chemotherapeutics, showed promising results in treating breast cancer. In the current review, we emphasize the anticancer activity of phytochemical-instigated nanocarriers and phytochemical-loaded nanocarriers against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Since diverse mechanisms are implicated in the anticancer activity of phytochemicals, a strong emphasis is placed on the anticancer pathways underlying their action. Furthermore, we discuss the selective targeted delivery of phytofabricated nanocarriers to cancer cells and consider research gaps, recent developments, and the druggability of phytoceuticals. Combining phytochemical and chemotherapeutic agents with nanotechnology might have far-reaching impacts in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pankti Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu 610064, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohamed EE, Ahmed OM, Abdel-Moneim A, Zoheir KMA, Elesawy BH, Al Askary A, Hassaballa A, El-Shahawy AAG. Protective Effects of Naringin-Dextrin Nanoformula against Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Rats: Roles of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Cell Apoptosis, and Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121558. [PMID: 36559011 PMCID: PMC9786090 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds great promise for the development of treatments for deadly human diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we compared the hepatoprotective effects of naringin-dextrin nanoparticles (NDNPs) against HCC in male Wistar rats with those of pure naringin and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) per week) for two weeks, followed by oral administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF, 20 mg/kg b.w.) four times per week for three weeks. DEN/2AAF-administered rats were divided into three groups that respectively received 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (as vehicle), 10 mg/kg b.w. naringin, or 10 mg/kg b.w. NDNP every other day by oral gavage for 24 weeks. Both naringin and NDNP significantly attenuated the harmful effects of DEN on liver function. Both compounds also suppressed tumorigenesis as indicated by the reduced serum concentrations of liver tumor markers, and this antitumor effect was confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Additionally, naringin and NDNP prevented DEN-induced changes in hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant activities. In addition, naringin and NDNP suppressed inflammation induced by DEN. Moreover, naringin and NDNP significantly reduced the hepatic expression of Bcl-2 and increased Bax, p53, and PDCD5 expressions. Naringin and NDNP also reduced expression of IQGAP1, IQGAP3, Ras signaling, and Ki-67 while increasing expression of IQGAP2. Notably, NDNP more effectively mitigated oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling than free naringin and demonstrated improved antitumor efficacy, suggesting that this nanoformulation improves bioavailability within nascent tumor sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman E. Mohamed
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Khairy M. A. Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hassaballa
- Nutrition and Food Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- ZeroHarm L.C., Farmington Hills, Farmington, MI 48333, USA
| | - Ahmed A. G. El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang F, Shi X, Yang W, Gao C, Cui Z, Wang W. Pueraria montana (Kudzu vine) Ameliorate the Inflammation and Oxidative Stress against Fe-NTA Induced Renal Cancer. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1481-1492. [PMID: 36089399 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tissue plays a crucial function in maintaining homeostasis, making it vulnerable to xenobiotic toxicity. Pueraria montana has more beneficial potential against the various diseases and has long history used as a traditional Chinese medicine. But its effect against the renal cancer not scrutinize. The goal of this study is to see if Pueraria montana can protect rats from developing kidney tumors caused by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and ferric nitrite (Fe-NTA). Wistar rats was selected for the current study and DEN (use as an inducer) and Fe-NTA (promoter) for induction the renal cancer. For 22 weeks, the rats were given orally Pueraria montana (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) treatment. At regular intervals, the body weight and food intake were calculated. The rats were macroscopically evaluated for identification of cancer in the renal tissue. The renal tumor makers, renal parameters, antioxidant enzymes, phase I and II enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and mediators were estimated at end of the experimental study. Pueraria montana treated rats displayed the suppression of renal tumors, incidence of the tumors along with suppression of tumor percentage. Pueraria montana treated rats significantly (p < 0.001) increased body weight and suppressed the renal weight and food intake. It also reduced the level of renal tumor marker ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and [3H] thymidine incorporation along with suppression of renal parameter such as uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea and creatinine. Pueraria montana treatment significantly (p < 0.001) altered the level of phase enzymes and antioxidant. Pueraria montana treatment significantly (p < 0.001) repressed the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and improved the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Pueraria montana treatment suppressed the level of prostaglandin (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear kappa B factor (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Pueraria montana suppressed the inflammatory necrosis, size the bowman capsules in the renal histopathology. Pueraria montana exhibited the chemoprotective effect via dual mechanism such as suppression of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Xiaoqiang Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Zhenyu Cui
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma NK, Vishwakarma J, Rai S, Alomar TS, AlMasoud N, Bhattarai A. Green Route Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Biological Adeptness. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27004-27020. [PMID: 35967040 PMCID: PMC9366950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of the most reliable and green techniques for nanoparticle synthesis is an emerging step in the area of green nanotechnology. Many conventional approaches used for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis are expensive, deadly, and nonenvironmental. In this new era of nanotechnology, to overcome such concerns, natural sources which work as capping and reducing agents, including bacteria, fungi, biopolymers, and plants, are suitable candidates for synthesizing AgNPs. The surface morphology and applications of AgNPs are significantly pretentious to the experimental conditions by which they are synthesized. Available scattered information on the synthesis of AgNPs comprises the influence of altered constraints and characterization methods such as FTIR, UV-vis, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, etc. and their properties and applications. This review focuses on all the above-mentioned natural sources that have been used for AgNP synthesis recently. The green routes to synthesize AgNPs have established effective applications in various areas, including biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cancer treatment, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, gene therapy, DNA analysis, etc. The existing boundaries and prospects for metal nanoparticle synthesis by the green route are also discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Sharma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
- Shri
Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar 382023, India
| | - Jyotsna Vishwakarma
- K. B.
Pharmacy Institute of Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar 382023, India
| | - Summi Rai
- Department
of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
| | - Taghrid S. Alomar
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaya Bhattarai
- Department
of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
- or
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Retraction Note to: Phytofabricated silver nanoparticles of Phyllanthus emblica attenuated diethylnitrosamine‑induced hepatic cancer via knock‑down oxidative stress and inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1933. [PMID: 35857247 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Prabhakar P, Pavankumar GS, Raghu SV, Rao S, Prasad K, George T, Baliga MS. Utility of Indian fruits in cancer prevention and treatment: Time to undertake translational and bedside studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1543-1560. [PMID: 35652402 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts a 70% increase in cancer incidents in developing nations over the next decade, and it will be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional plant-based medicine systems play an important role against various diseases and provide health care to a large section of the population in developing countries. Indigenous fruits and their bioactive compounds with beneficial effects like antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are shown to be useful in preventing the incidence of cancer. India is one of the biodiversity regions and is native to numerous flora and fauna in the world. Of the many fruiting trees indigenous to India, Mango (Mangifera indica), Black plum (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana), Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica), kokum (Garcinia indica or Brindonia indica), stone apple or bael (Aegle marmelos), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Karaunda (Carissa carandas) and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus lakoocha) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) have been shown to be beneficial in preventing cancer and in the treatment of cancer in validated preclinical models of study. In this review, efforts are also made to collate the fruits' anticancer effects and the important phytochemicals. Efforts are also made at emphasizing the underlying mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. These fruits have been a part of the diet, are non-toxic, and easily acceptable for human application. The plants and some of their phytochemicals possess diverse medicinal properties. The authors propose that future studies should be directed at detailed studies with various preclinical models of study with both composite fruit extract/juice and the individual phytochemicals. Additionally, translational studies should be planned with the highly beneficial, well-investigated and pharmacologically multifactorial amla to understand its usefulness as a cancer preventive in the high-risk population and as a supportive agent in cancer survivors. The outcome of both preclinical and clinical studies will be useful for patients, the healthcare fraternity, pharmaceutical, and agro-based sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Giriyapura Srikantachar Pavankumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, India.,Sri Lakshmi Group of Institution, Magadi Main Road, Sunkadakatte, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Konaje, Karnataka India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, c Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sameem S, Neupane NP, Saleh Ansari SM, Uzzaman Khan MM, Kumar V, Pathak P, Grishina M, Verma A. Phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles from Ziziphus mauritiana against hepatic carcinoma via modulation of Rho family-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang H, Zhao C, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Luo K, Pu Y, Yin L. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism associated with esophageal inflammation of ICR mice induced by nitrosamines exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118680. [PMID: 34915095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosamines, as ubiquitous environmental carcinogens with adverse impact on human health, were crucial inducers of esophageal cancer (EC). Esophageal inflammation (EI) was an important biological process and considered to be associated with the progression of EC. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of EI process caused by nitrosamines exposure remained largely unclear. In this study, a metabolomics approach based on mass spectrometry was utilized to explore the effect of nitrosamines exposure to ICR mice. Also, the changes of pivotal metabolic enzyme levels, urinary nitrosamines and histopathological analysis were evaluated. The results showed that nitrosamines exposure was intimately interrelated with EI process in mice. Metabolomics profiling analysis indicated that nitrosamines caused significant alterations of metabolic pathway predominantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that nitrosamines promoted decomposition of fatty acids and facilitated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) of mice. The significant increase of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and downregulation of acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) would promote FAO in EI process induced by nitrosamines. Additionally, the exposure levels of more than half of nitrosamines in urine were correlated with inflammatory fatty acid biomarkers. Overall, this study found that EI triggered by nitrosamines may be associated with the promotion of FAO, and provided novel insights for evaluating the underlying mechanism of environmental pollutant-caused toxicity based on metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yassin NYS, AbouZid SF, El-Kalaawy AM, Ali TM, Elesawy BH, Ahmed OM. Tackling of Renal Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats by Silybum marianum Total Extract, Silymarin, and Silibinin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Nrf2, PPAR γ, NF- κB, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7665169. [PMID: 34630852 PMCID: PMC8497111 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7665169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work was designed to assess the efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally induced renal carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and their roles in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-administered rats were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg b.w.), Sm (150 mg/kg b.w.), and Sb (5 mg/kg b.w.) every other day either from the 1st week or from the 16th week of carcinogen administration to the end of 25th week. The treatments with STE, Sm, and Sb attenuated markers of toxicity in serum, decreased kidney lipid peroxidation (LPO), and significantly reinforced the renal antioxidant armory. The biochemical results were further confirmed by the histopathological alterations. The treatments also led to suppression of proinflammatory mediators such as NF-κβ, p65, Iκβα, and IL-6 in association with inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, they activated the expressions of PPARs, Nrf2, and IL-4 in addition to downregulation of apoptotic proteins p53 and caspase-3 and upregulation of antiapoptotic mediator Bcl-2. The obtained data supply potent proof for the efficacy of STE, Sm, and Sb to counteract renal carcinogenesis via alteration of varied molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Y. S. Yassin
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sameh F. AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|