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Liu C, Fan E, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Chen S, Yang C, You X, Qu G. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the EIN3/EIL Transcription Factor Gene Family in Doubled Haploid (DH) Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4116. [PMID: 38612925 PMCID: PMC11012330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene (ET) is an important phytohormone that regulates plant growth, development and stress responses. The ethylene-insensitive3/ethylene-insensitive3-like (EIN3/EIL) transcription factor family, as a key regulator of the ET signal transduction pathway, plays an important role in regulating the expression of ET-responsive genes. Although studies of EIN3/EIL family members have been completed in many species, their role in doubled haploid (DH) poplar derived from another culture of diploid Populus simonii × P. nigra (donor tree, DT) remains ambiguous. In this study, a total of seven EIN3/EIL gene family members in the DH poplar genome were identified. Basic physical and chemical property analyses of these genes were performed, and these proteins were predicted to be localized to the nucleus. According to the phylogenetic relationship, EIN3/EIL genes were divided into two groups, and the genes in the same group had a similar gene structure and conserved motifs. The expression patterns of EIN3/EIL genes in the apical buds of different DH poplar plants were analyzed based on transcriptome data. At the same time, the expression patterns of PsnEIL1, PsnEIN3, PsnEIL4 and PsnEIL5 genes in different tissues of different DH plants were detected via RT-qPCR, including the apical buds, young leaves, functional leaves, xylem, cambium and roots. The findings presented above indicate notable variations in the expression levels of PsnEIL genes across various tissues of distinct DH plants. Finally, the PsnEIL1 gene was overexpressed in DT, and the transgenic plants showed a dwarf phenotype, indicating that the PsnEIL1 gene was involved in regulating the growth and development of poplar. In this study, the EIN3/EIL gene family of DH poplar was analyzed and functionally characterized, which provides a theoretical basis for the future exploration of the EIN3/EIL gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.L.); (X.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Erqin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa Bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Sui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xiangling You
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Q.W.); (S.C.); (C.Y.)
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1893-1913. [PMID: 38289877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Sun X, Wang J, Cheng M, Qi Y, Han C. Strategies to Increase the Production of Triterpene Acids in Ligzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum, Agaricomycetes): A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:25-41. [PMID: 38780421 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderic acids (GAs) are the main active ingredient of Ganoderma lucidum, which has been widely accepted as a medicinal mushroom. Due to the low yield of GAs produced by liquid cultured Ganoderma mycelium and solid cultured fruiting bodies, the commercial production and clinical application of GAs are limited. Therefore, it is important to increase the yield of GA in G. lucidum. A comprehensive literature search was performed with no set data range using the following keywords such as "triterpene," "ganoderic acids," "Ganoderma lucidum," and "Lingzhi" within the main databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The data were screened using titles and abstracts and those relevant to the topic were included in the paper and was not limited to studies published in English. Present review focuses on the four aspects: fermentation conditions and substrate, extrinsic elicitor, genetic engineering, and mutagenesis, which play significant roles in increasing triterpene acids production, thus providing an available reference for further research on G. lucidum fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jing Wang
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Phoenix Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Mengtao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Modareszadeh M, Hwang S. Ethylene and ROS mediate root growth inhibition induced by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108212. [PMID: 38008009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) functions as a detrimental substance that disrupts the endocrine system in animals while also impeding the growth and development of plants. In our previous study, we demonstrated that BPA hinders the growth of roots in Arabidopsis by diminishing cell division and elongation, which is ascribed to the increased accumulation and redistribution of auxin. Here, we examined the mediation of ROS and ethylene in BPA-induced auxin accumulation and root growth inhibition. BPA enhanced ROS levels, and ROS increased auxin contents but reduced cell division activity and the expression of EXPA8 involved in root elongation. ROS scavenger treatment reversed BPA-triggered root growth retardation, auxin accumulation, and cell division inhibition. In addition, BPA induced ethylene, and ethylene synthesis inhibitor treatment reversed BPA-triggered root growth retardation and auxin accumulation. Taken together, ROS and ethylene are involved in BPA-inhibited cell elongation and cell division by mediating auxin accumulation and redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, South Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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Pandey P, Tripathi A, Dwivedi S, Lal K, Jhang T. Deciphering the mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and potential applications of endophytic microbes to mediate stress tolerance in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250020. [PMID: 38034581 PMCID: PMC10684941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The global healthcare market in the post-pandemic era emphasizes a constant pursuit of therapeutic, adaptogenic, and immune booster drugs. Medicinal plants are the only natural resource to meet this by supplying an array of bioactive secondary metabolites in an economic, greener and sustainable manner. Driven by the thrust in demand for natural immunity imparting nutraceutical and life-saving plant-derived drugs, the acreage for commercial cultivation of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Limited resources of land and water, low productivity, poor soil fertility coupled with climate change, and biotic (bacteria, fungi, insects, viruses, nematodes) and abiotic (temperature, drought, salinity, waterlogging, and metal toxicity) stress necessitate medicinal plant productivity enhancement through sustainable strategies. Plants evolved intricate physiological (membrane integrity, organelle structural changes, osmotic adjustments, cell and tissue survival, reclamation, increased root-shoot ratio, antibiosis, hypersensitivity, etc.), biochemical (phytohormones synthesis, proline, protein levels, antioxidant enzymes accumulation, ion exclusion, generation of heat-shock proteins, synthesis of allelochemicals. etc.), and cellular (sensing of stress signals, signaling pathways, modulating expression of stress-responsive genes and proteins, etc.) mechanisms to combat stresses. Endophytes, colonizing in different plant tissues, synthesize novel bioactive compounds that medicinal plants can harness to mitigate environmental cues, thus making the agroecosystems self-sufficient toward green and sustainable approaches. Medicinal plants with a host set of metabolites and endophytes with another set of secondary metabolites interact in a highly complex manner involving adaptive mechanisms, including appropriate cellular responses triggered by stimuli received from the sensors situated on the cytoplasm and transmitting signals to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus to withstand a stressful environment effectively. Signaling pathways serve as a crucial nexus for sensing stress and establishing plants' proper molecular and cellular responses. However, the underlying mechanisms and critical signaling pathways triggered by endophytic microbes are meager. This review comprehends the diversity of endophytes in medicinal plants and endophyte-mediated plant-microbe interactions for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in medicinal plants by understanding complex adaptive physiological mechanisms and signaling cascades involving defined molecular and cellular responses. Leveraging this knowledge, researchers can design specific microbial formulations that optimize plant health, increase nutrient uptake, boost crop yields, and support a resilient, sustainable agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Shweta Dwivedi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tripta Jhang
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Acheampong A, Li L, Elsherbiny SM, Wu Y, Swallah MS, Bondzie-Quaye P, Huang Q. A crosswalk on the genetic and conventional strategies for enhancing astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37778751 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2240009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring xanthophyll with powerful: antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties that are widely employed in food, feed, medicinal and nutraceutical industries. Currently, chemical synthesis dominates the world's astaxanthin market, but the increasing demand for natural products is shifting the market for natural astaxanthin. Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is the factory source of natural astaxanthin when grown in optimal conditions. Currently, various strategies for the production of astaxanthin have been proposed or are being developed in order to meet its market demand. This up-to-date review scrutinized the current approaches or strategies that aim to increase astaxanthin yield from H. pluvialis. We have emphasized the genetic and environmental parameters that increase astaxanthin yield. We also looked at the transcriptomic dynamics caused by environmental factors (phytohormones induction, light, salt, temperature, and nutrient starvation) on astaxanthin synthesizing genes and other metabolic changes. Genetic engineering and culture optimization (environmental factors) are effective approaches to producing more astaxanthin for commercial purposes. Genetic engineering, in particular, is accurate, specific, potent, and safer than conventional random mutagenesis approaches. New technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with omics and emerging computational tools, may be the principal strategies in the future to attain strains that can produce more astaxanthin. This review provides accessible data on the strategies to increase astaxanthin accumulation natively. Also, this review can be a starting point for new scholars interested in H. pluvialis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Acheampong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lamei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shereen M Elsherbiny
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Aloo BN, Dessureault-Rompré J, Tripathi V, Nyongesa BO, Were BA. Signaling and crosstalk of rhizobacterial and plant hormones that mediate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171104. [PMID: 37455718 PMCID: PMC10347528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural areas exhibiting numerous abiotic stressors, such as elevated water stress, temperatures, and salinity, have grown as a result of climate change. As such, abiotic stresses are some of the most pressing issues in contemporary agricultural production. Understanding plant responses to abiotic stressors is important for global food security, climate change adaptation, and improving crop resilience for sustainable agriculture, Over the decades, explorations have been made concerning plant tolerance to these environmental stresses. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their phytohormones are some of the players involved in developing resistance to abiotic stress in plants. Several studies have investigated the part of phytohormones in the ability of plants to withstand and adapt to non-living environmental factors, but very few have focused on rhizobacterial hormonal signaling and crosstalk that mediate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the functions of PGPR phytohormones in plant abiotic stress tolerance and outline the current research on rhizobacterial hormonal communication and crosstalk that govern plant abiotic stress responses. The review also includes the gene networks and regulation under diverse abiotic stressors. The review is important for understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses using PGPR phytohormones and hormonal signaling. It is envisaged that PGPR offer a useful approach to increasing plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, further studies can reveal the unclear patterns of hormonal interactions between plants and rhizobacteria that mediate abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. N. Aloo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - V. Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B. O. Nyongesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - B. A. Were
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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Herpell JB, Alickovic A, Diallo B, Schindler F, Weckwerth W. Phyllosphere symbiont promotes plant growth through ACC deaminase production. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01428-7. [PMID: 37264153 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting bacteria can confer resistance to various types of stress and increase agricultural yields. The mechanisms they employ are diverse. One of the most important genes associated with the increase in plant biomass and stress resistance is acdS, which encodes a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate- or ACC-deaminase. The non-proteinogenic amino acid ACC is the precursor and means of long-distance transport of ethylene, a plant hormone associated with growth arrest. Expression of acdS reduces stress induced ethylene levels and the enzyme is abundant in rhizosphere colonizers. Whether ACC hydrolysis plays a role in the phyllosphere, both as assembly cue and in growth promotion, remains unclear. Here we show that Paraburkholderia dioscoreae Msb3, a yam phyllosphere symbiont, colonizes the tomato phyllosphere and promotes plant growth by action of its ACC deaminase. We found that acdS is required for improved plant growth but not for efficient leaf colonization. Strain Msb3 readily proliferates on the leaf surface of tomato, only occasionally spreading to the leaf endosphere through stomata. The strain can also colonize the soil or medium around the roots but only spreads into the root if the plant is wounded. Our results indicate that the degradation of ACC is not just an important trait of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria but also one of leaf dwelling phyllosphere bacteria. Manipulation of the leaf microbiota by means of spray inoculation may be more easily achieved than that of the soil. Therefore, the application of ACC deaminase containing bacteria to the phyllosphere may be a promising strategy to increasing plant stress resistance, pathogen control, and harvest yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Herpell
- Molecular Systems Biology Division, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ajtena Alickovic
- Molecular Systems Biology Division, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bocar Diallo
- Molecular Systems Biology Division, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Schindler
- Molecular Systems Biology Division, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Division, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Hill RD, de Castro J, Mira MM, Igamberdiev AU, Hebelstrup KH, Renault S, Xu W, Badea A, Stasolla C. Over-expression of the barley Phytoglobin 1 (HvPgb1) evokes leaf-specific transcriptional responses during root waterlogging. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 283:153944. [PMID: 36933369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) in the root due to waterlogging causes profound metabolic changes in the aerial organs depressing growth and limiting plant productivity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Genome-wide analyses in waterlogged wild type (WT) barley (cv. Golden Promise) plants and plants over-expressing the phytoglobin 1 HvPgb1 [HvPgb1(OE)] were performed to determine leaf specific transcriptional responses during waterlogging. Normoxic WT plants outperformed their HvPgb1(OE) counterparts for dry weight biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Root waterlogging severely depressed all these parameters in WT plants but not in HvPgb1(OE) plants, which exhibited an increase in photosynthetic rate. In leaftissue, root waterlogging repressed genes encoding photosynthetic components and chlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes, while induced those of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes. This repression was alleviated in HvPgb1(OE) leaves which also exhibited an induction of enzymes participating in antioxidant responses. In the same leaves, the transcript levels of several genes participating in nitrogen metabolism were also higher relative to WT leaves. Ethylene levels were diminished by root waterlogging in leaves of WT plants, but not in HvPgb1(OE), which were enriched in transcripts of ethylene biosynthetic enzymes and ethylene response factors. Pharmacological treatments increasing the level or action of ethylene further suggested the requirement of ethylene in plant response to root waterlogging. In natural germplasm an elevation in foliar HvPgb1 between 16h and 24h of waterlogging occurred in tolerant genotypes but not in susceptible ones. By integrating morpho-physiological parameters with transcriptome data, this study provides a framework defining leaf responses to root waterlogging and indicates that the induction of HvPgb1 may be used as a selection tool to enhance resilience to excess moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | - James de Castro
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Mohammed M Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C5S7, Canada
| | - Kim H Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Forsogsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Renault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Wayne Xu
- Brandon Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB, R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - Ana Badea
- Brandon Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB, R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada.
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11
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Swain R, Sahoo S, Behera M, Rout GR. Instigating prevalent abiotic stress resilience in crop by exogenous application of phytohormones and nutrient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104874. [PMID: 36844040 PMCID: PMC9947512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the demand for food and feed for the ever-increasing population has achieved unparalleled importance, which cannot afford crop yield loss. Now-a-days, the unpleasant situation of abiotic stress triggers crop improvement by affecting the different metabolic pathways of yield and quality advances worldwide. Abiotic stress like drought, salinity, cold, heat, flood, etc. in plants diverts the energy required for growth to prevent the plant from shock and maintain regular homeostasis. Hence, the plant yield is drastically reduced as the energy is utilized for overcoming the stress in plants. The application of phytohormones like the classical auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellins, as well as more recent members including brassinosteroids, jasmonic acids, etc., along with both macro and micronutrients, have enhanced significant attention in creating key benefits such as reduction of ionic toxicity, improving oxidative stress, maintaining water-related balance, and gaseous exchange modification during abiotic stress conditions. Majority of phytohormones maintain homeostasis inside the cell by detoxifying the ROS and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities which can enhance tolerance in plants. At the molecular level, phytohormones activate stress signaling pathways or genes regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), Jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene. The various stresses primarily cause nutrient deficiency and reduce the nutrient uptake of plants. The application of plant nutrients like N, K, Ca, and Mg are also involved in ROS scavenging activities through elevating antioxidants properties and finally decreasing cell membrane leakage and increasing the photosynthetic ability by resynthesizing the chlorophyll pigment. This present review highlighted the alteration of metabolic activities caused by abiotic stress in various crops, the changes of vital functions through the application of exogenous phytohormones and nutrition, as well as their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinny Swain
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, Gandhi University of Engineering and Technology (GIET) University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutishree Sahoo
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Mamata Behera
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Gyana Ranjan Rout
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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12
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Garneau L, Beauregard PB, Roy S. Deciphering the role of non- Frankia nodular endophytes in alder through in vitro and genomic characterization. Can J Microbiol 2023; 69:72-87. [PMID: 36288604 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacterial populations are well-positioned to provide benefits to their host plants such as nutrient acquisition and plant hormone level manipulation. Actinorhizal plants such as alders are well known for their microbial symbioses that allow them to colonize harsh environments whether natural or anthropized. Although the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia sp. is the main endophyte found in alder root nodules, other bacterial genera, whose roles remain poorly defined, inhabit this niche. In this study, we isolated a diverse panel of non-Frankia nodular endophytes (NFNE). Some NFNE were isolated from alders grown from surface-sterilized seeds and maintained in sterile conditions, suggesting these may have been seed-borne. In vitro testing of 24 NFNE revealed some possessed putative plant growth promotion traits. Their genomes were also sequenced to identify genes related to plant growth promotion traits. This study highlights the complexity of the alder nodular microbial community. It paves the way for further understanding of the biology of nodules and could help improve land reclamation practices that involve alders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Garneau
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Pascale B Beauregard
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Centre SÈVE, Département de biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1
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13
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Yang H, He K, Cao Y, Li Z, Ji Q, Sun J, Li G, Chen X, Mo H, Du G, Li Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14714. [PMID: 37056223 PMCID: PMC10088873 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Gastrodia elata, known as a rootless, leafless, achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid, needs to establish symbionts with particular Armillaria species to acquire nutrition and energy. Previous research findings had approved that ethylene (ET) played an important role in plant-fungi interaction and some receptors of ET had been discovered in microorganisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ET in the interaction between G. elata and Armillaria species remain unknown.
Methods
Exiguous ethephon (ETH) was added to agar and liquid media to observe the morphological features of mycelium and count the biomass respectively. Mycelium cultured in liquid media with exiguous ETH (0.1 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 5.0 ppm) were chosen to perform whole-transcriptome profiling through the RNA-seq technology (Illumina NGS sequencing). The DEGs of growth-related genes and candidate ET receptor domains were predicted on SMART.
Results
ETH-0.1 ppm and ETH-2 ppm could significantly improve the mycelium growth of A. gallica 012m, while ETH-5 ppm inhibited the mycelium growth in both solid and liquid media. The number of up-regulated or down-regulated genes increased along with the concentrations of ETH. The growth of mycelia might benefit from the up-regulated expression of Pyr_redox (Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase), GAL4 (C6 zinc finger) and HMG (High Mobility Group) genes in the ETH-0.1 ppm and ETH-2 ppm. Therefore, the growth of mycelia might be impaired by the down-regulated expression of ZnF_C2H2 and ribosomal protein S4 proteins in the ETH-5 ppm. Seven ET receptor domains were predicted in A. gallica 012m. Based on cluster analysis and comparative studies of proteins, the putative ETH receptor domains of A. gallica 012m have a higher homologous correlation with fungi.
Conclusions
The responses of A. gallica 012m to ETH had a concentration effect similar to the plants’ responses to ET. Therefore, the number of up-regulated or down-regulated genes are increased along with the concentrations of ETH. Seven ET receptor protein domains were predicted in the genome and transcriptome of A. gallica 012m. We speculate that ETH receptors exist in A. gallica 012m and ethylene might play an important role in the plant-fungi interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Yang
- Yunnan Minzu University, School of Chemistry and Environment, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaixiang He
- Yunnan Minzu University, School of Chemistry and Environment, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yapu Cao
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiaolin Ji
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ganpeng Li
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiying Mo
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gang Du
- Yunnan Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Southwest Forestry University, Life Science College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Xianghao Technology Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Prokopoviča V, Ievinsh G. Ranunculus sceleratus as a Model Species to Decrypt the Role of Ethylene in Plant Adaptation to Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020370. [PMID: 36679083 PMCID: PMC9862674 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop an experimental system for an exploration of ethylene-dependent responses using intact growing Ranunculus sceleratus plants and to approbate the system for assessing the role of ethylene in salinity tolerance and ion accumulation. Plants were cultivated in sealed plastic containers in a modified gaseous atmosphere by introducing ethylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. High humidity inside the containers induced a fast elongation of the leaf petioles of R. sceleratus. The effect was ethylene-dependent, as 1-MCP completely blocked it, but exogenous ethylene further promoted petiole elongation. Exogenous ethylene decreased (by 48%) but 1-MCP increased (by 48%) the Na+ accumulation in leaf blades of NaCl-treated plants. The experimental system was further calibrated with ethylene and silica xerogel, and the optimum concentrations were found for inducing leaf petiole elongation (10 μL L-1 ethylene) and preventing leaf petiole elongation (200 g silica xerogel per 24 L), respectively. The second experiment involved a treatment with NaCl in the presence of 1-MCP, ethylene, or 1-MCP + ethylene, both in normal and high air humidity conditions. In high humidity conditions, NaCl inhibited petiole elongation by 25% and ethylene treatment fully reversed this inhibition and stimulated elongation by 12% in comparison to the response of the control plants. Treatment with 1-MCP fully prevented this ethylene effect. In normal humidity conditions, NaCl inhibited petiole elongation by 20%, which was reversed by ethylene without additional elongation stimulation. However, 1-MCP only partially inhibited the ethylene effect on petiole elongation. In high humidity conditions, ethylene inhibited Na+ accumulation in NaCl-treated plants by 14%, but 1-MCP reversed this effect. In conclusion, the stimulation of endogenous ethylene production in R. sceleratus plants at a high air humidity or in flooded conditions reverses the inhibitory effect of salinity on plant growth and concomitantly inhibits the accumulation of Na+ in tissues. R. sceleratus is a highly promising model species for use in studies regarding ethylene-dependent salinity responses and ion accumulation potential involving the manipulation of a gaseous environment.
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15
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Qu M, Zheng Y, Bi L, Yang X, Shang P, Zhou X, Zeng B, Shen B, Li W, Fan Y, Zeng B. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the gene expression and underlying molecular mechanism of submergence stress response in orchardgrass roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1104755. [PMID: 36704155 PMCID: PMC9871833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Submergence stress creates a hypoxic environment. Roots are the first plant organ to face these low-oxygen conditions, which causes damage and affects the plant growth and yield. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the most important cold-season forage grasses globally. However, their submergence stress-induced gene expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of orchardgrass roots are still unknown. METHODS Using the submergence-tolerant 'Dianbei' and submergence-sensitive 'Anba', the transcriptomic analysis of orchardgrass roots at different time points of submergence stress (0 h, 8 h, and 24 h) was performed. RESULTS We obtained 118.82Gb clean data by RNA-Seq. As compared with the control, a total of 6663 and 9857 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in Dianbei, while 7894 and 11215 DEGs were detected in Anba at 8 h and 24 h post-submergence-stress, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis obtained 986 terms, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis obtained 123 pathways. Among them, the DEGs in plant hormones, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca2+ signal transduction were significantly differentially expressed in Dianbei, but not in Anba. DISCUSSION This study was the first to molecularly elucidate the submergence stress tolerance in the roots of two orchardgrass cultivars. These findings not only enhanced our understanding of the orchardgrass submergence tolerance, but also provided a theoretical basis 36 for the cultivation of submergence-tolerant forage varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingna Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Institute of Prataculture, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Herbivore Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
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16
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Shahid M, Singh UB, Khan MS, Singh P, Kumar R, Singh RN, Kumar A, Singh HV. Bacterial ACC deaminase: Insights into enzymology, biochemistry, genetics, and potential role in amelioration of environmental stress in crop plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1132770. [PMID: 37180266 PMCID: PMC10174264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1132770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide are often adversely affected by anthropogenic and natural stresses. Both biotic and abiotic stresses may impact future food security and sustainability; global climate change will only exacerbate the threat. Nearly all stresses induce ethylene production in plants, which is detrimental to their growth and survival when present at higher concentrations. Consequently, management of ethylene production in plants is becoming an attractive option for countering the stress hormone and its effect on crop yield and productivity. In plants, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) serves as a precursor for ethylene production. Soil microorganisms and root-associated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that possess ACC deaminase activity regulate growth and development of plants under harsh environmental conditions by limiting ethylene levels in plants; this enzyme is, therefore, often designated as a "stress modulator." TheACC deaminase enzyme, encoded by the AcdS gene, is tightly controlled and regulated depending upon environmental conditions. Gene regulatory components of AcdS are made up of the LRP protein-coding regulatory gene and other regulatory components that are activated via distinct mechanisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ACC deaminase-positive PGPR strains can intensively promote growth and development of crops being cultivated under abiotic stresses including salt stress, water deficit, waterlogging, temperature extremes, and presence of heavy metals, pesticides and other organic contaminants. Strategies for combating environmental stresses in plants, and improving growth by introducing the acdS gene into crop plants via bacteria, have been investigated. In the recent past, some rapid methods and cutting-edge technologies based on molecular biotechnology and omics approaches involving proteomics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and next generation sequencing (NGS) have been proposed to reveal the variety and potential of ACC deaminase-producing PGPR that thrive under external stresses. Multiple stress-tolerant ACC deaminase-producing PGPR strains have demonstrated great promise in providing plant resistance/tolerance to various stressors and, therefore, it could be advantageous over other soil/plant microbiome that can flourish under stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Shahid, ; Udai B. Singh, ; Prakash Singh,
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Shahid, ; Udai B. Singh, ; Prakash Singh,
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Dumraon, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Shahid, ; Udai B. Singh, ; Prakash Singh,
| | - Ratan Kumar
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rohtas, Bihar Agricultural University, Bikramganj, Bihar, India
| | - Raj Narian Singh
- Directorate of Extension Education, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Swamy Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harsh V. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shekhawat K, Fröhlich K, García-Ramírez GX, Trapp MA, Hirt H. Ethylene: A Master Regulator of Plant-Microbe Interactions under Abiotic Stresses. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010031. [PMID: 36611825 PMCID: PMC9818225 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant phytohormone ethylene regulates numerous physiological processes and contributes to plant-microbe interactions. Plants induce ethylene production to ward off pathogens after recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, plant immune responses against pathogens are essentially not different from those triggered by neutral and beneficial microbes. Recent studies indicate that ethylene is an important factor for beneficial plant-microbial association under abiotic stress such as salt and heat stress. The association of beneficial microbes with plants under abiotic stresses modulates ethylene levels which control the expression of ethylene-responsive genes (ERF), and ERFs further regulate the plant transcriptome, epi-transcriptome, Na+/K+ homeostasis and antioxidant defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding ethylene-dependent plant-microbe interactions is crucial for the development of new strategies aimed at enhancing plant tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we underline the importance of ethylene in beneficial plant-microbe interaction under abiotic stresses.
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Yi N, Yang H, Zhang X, Pian R, Li H, Zeng W, Wu AM. The physiological and transcriptomic study of secondary growth in Neolamarckia cadamba stimulated by the ethylene precursor ACC. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:35-46. [PMID: 36096025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Though many biological roles of ethylene have been investigated intensively, the molecular mechanism of ethylene's action in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, on the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba seedlings, a fast-growing tropical tree. After 14 days of ACC treatment, the plants showed a reduced physiological morphology while stem diameter increased; however, this did not occur after the addition of 1-MCP. Meanwhile, the lignin content of N. cadamba also increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes ACC oxidase (ACO) and ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3) were up-regulated mainly at the 6th hour and the 3rd day of the ACC treatment, respectively. The transcription levels of transcription factors, mainly in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), ethylene response factor (ERF), WRKY and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) families, involved in the ethylene signaling and secondary growth also increased significantly. Furthermore, in accordance to the increased lignification of the stem, the transcriptional level of key enzymes in the phenylalanine pathway were elevated after the ACC treatment. Our results revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the secondary growth stimulated by exogenous ACC treatment on N. cadamba seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Hou J, Pugazhendhi A, Phuong TN, Thanh NC, Brindhadevi K, Velu G, Lan Chi NT, Yuan D. Plant resistance to disease: Using biochar to inhibit harmful microbes and absorb nutrients. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113883. [PMID: 35835163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytosanitary concerns are part of today's agricultural environment. The use of chemicals to treat plant diseases is both a source of pollution and allows pathogens to become resistant. Additionally, it can improve the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil. Therefore, the soil environment is more conducive to healthy plant growth. By improving the chemical, physical, and biological attributes of soil, biochar can enhance plant resistance. Agricultural success has been attributed to biochar's acidic pH, which promotes beneficial soil microorganisms and increases soil nutrients; it is also porous, which provides a home and protects soil microorganisms. By improving soil properties, biochar becomes even more effective at controlling pathogens. The article also discusses the benefits of biochar for managing pathogens in agricultural soils. In addition, we examine several research papers that discuss the use of biochar as a method of combating soil-related pathogens and plant diseases. Biochar can be used to combat soil-borne diseases and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Hou
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Nhat Phuong
- Faculty of Medicine, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Chi Thanh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Gomathi Velu
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Deyi Yuan
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Shah S, Li X, Jiang Z, Fahad S, Hassan S. Exploration of the phytohormone regulation of energy storage compound accumulation in microalgae. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saud Shah
- College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi City Shandong China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi City Shandong China
| | - Zhaoyu Jiang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi City Shandong China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University Haikou Hainan China
- Department of Agronomy University of Haripur Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Shah Hassan
- Department of Agriculture Extenstion The University of Agriculture Peshawar Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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Jia Y, Chen C, Gong F, Jin W, Zhang H, Qu S, Ma N, Jiang Y, Gao J, Sun X. An Aux/IAA Family Member, RhIAA14, Involved in Ethylene-Inhibited Petal Expansion in Rose ( Rosa hybrida). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061041. [PMID: 35741802 PMCID: PMC9222917 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower size, a primary agronomic trait in breeding of ornamental plants, is largely determined by petal expansion. Generally, ethylene acts as an inhibitor of petal expansion, but its effect is restricted by unknown developmental cues. In this study, we found that the critical node of ethylene-inhibited petal expansion is between stages 1 and 2 of rose flower opening. To uncover the underlying regulatory mechanism, we carried out a comparative RNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in auxin-signaling pathways were enriched. Therefore, we identified an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family gene, RhIAA14, whose expression was development-specifically repressed by ethylene. The silencing of RhIAA14 reduced cell expansion, resulting in diminished petal expansion and flower size. In addition, the expressions of cell-expansion-related genes, including RhXTH6, RhCesA2, RhPIP2;1, and RhEXPA8, were significantly downregulated following RhIAA14 silencing. Our results reveal an Aux/IAA that serves as a key player in orchestrating petal expansion and ultimately contributes to flower size, which provides new insights into ethylene-modulated flower opening and the function of the Aux/IAA transcription regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Changxi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Feifei Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Weichan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.Z.); (S.Q.)
| | - Suping Qu
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.Z.); (S.Q.)
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Yunhe Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chandwani S, Amaresan N. Role of ACC deaminase producing bacteria for abiotic stress management and sustainable agriculture production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22843-22859. [PMID: 35050477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are immobile and are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including heat, cold, drought, flooding, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal exposure, phytopathogens, and pest attacks. The stressors significantly affect agricultural productivity when exceed a certain threshold. It has been reported that most of the stressed plants are reported to have increased ethylene synthesis from its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of various physiological processes, such as respiration, nitrogen fixation, and photosynthesis. The increment in the plant hormone ethylene would reduce plant growth and development, and if the ethylene level increased beyond the limit, it could also result in plant death. Therefore, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) possessing ACC deaminase activity play an essential role in the management of biotic and abiotic stresses by hydrolysing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid using ACC deaminase. In this review, the importance of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria in promoting plant growth under various abiotic stressors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Chandwani
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli- 394 350, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Natarajan Amaresan
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli- 394 350, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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23
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Choi B, Jeong S, Kim E. Variation of the seed endophytic bacteria among plant populations and their plant growth‐promoting activities in a wild mustard plant species,
Capsella bursa‐pastoris. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8683. [PMID: 35309752 PMCID: PMC8901890 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byungwook Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea
| | - Seorin Jeong
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea
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24
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Amoanimaa-Dede H, Su C, Yeboah A, Zhou H, Zheng D, Zhu H. Growth regulators promote soybean productivity: a review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12556. [PMID: 35265396 PMCID: PMC8900611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a predominant edible plant and a major supply of plant protein worldwide. Global demand for soybean keeps increasing as its seeds provide essential proteins, oil, and nutraceuticals. In a quest to meet heightened demands for soybean, it has become essential to introduce agro-technical methods that promote adaptability to complex environments, improve soybean resistance to abiotic stress , and increase productivity. Plant growth regulators are mainly exploited to achieve this due to their crucial roles in plant growth and development. Increasing research suggests the influence of plant growth regulators on soybean growth and development, yield, quality, and abiotic stress responses. In an attempt to expatiate on the topic, current knowledge, and possible applications of plant growth regulators that improve growth and yield have been reviewed and discussed. Notably, the application of plant growth regulators in their appropriate concentrations at suitable growth periods relieves abiotic stress thereby increasing the yield and yield components of soybean. Moreover, the regulation effects of different growth regulators on the morphology, physiology, and yield quality of soybean are discoursed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuntao Su
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Akwasi Yeboah
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Naing AH, Campol JR, Kang H, Xu J, Chung MY, Kim CK. Role of Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes in the Regulation of Salt Stress and Drought Stress Tolerance in Petunia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844449. [PMID: 35283920 PMCID: PMC8906779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays a critical signaling role in the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism. However, the role of ethylene in regulating abiotic stress tolerance in petunia has not been well-investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanism by which ethylene regulates abiotic stress tolerance is still unknown. Therefore, we examined the involvement of ethylene in salt and drought stress tolerance of petunia using the petunia wild type cv. "Merage Rose" and the ethylene biosynthesis genes (PhACO1 and PhACO3)-edited mutants (phaco1 and phaco3). Here, we discovered that editing PhACO1 and PhACO3 reduced ethylene production in the mutants, and mutants were more sensitive to salt and drought stress than the wild type (WT). This was proven by the better outcomes of plant growth and physiological parameters and ion homeostasis in WT over the mutants. Molecular analysis revealed that the expression levels of the genes associated with antioxidant, proline synthesis, ABA synthesis and signaling, and ethylene signaling differed significantly between the WT and mutants, indicating the role of ethylene in the transcriptional regulation of the genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance. This study highlights the involvement of ethylene in abiotic stress adaptation and provides a physiological and molecular understanding of the role of ethylene in abiotic stress response in petunia. Furthermore, the finding alerts researchers to consider the negative effects of ethylene reduction on abiotic stress tolerance when editing the ethylene biosynthesis genes to improve the postharvest quality of horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jova Riza Campol
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Junping Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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26
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The Active Phytohormone in Microalgae: The Characteristics, Efficient Detection, and Their Adversity Resistance Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010046. [PMID: 35011277 PMCID: PMC8746318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are a class of small organic molecules that are widely used in higher plants and microalgae as chemical messengers. Phytohormones play a regulatory role in the physiological metabolism of cells, including promoting cell division, increasing stress tolerance, and improving photosynthetic efficiency, and thereby increasing biomass, oil, chlorophyll, and protein content. However, traditional abiotic stress methods for inducing the accumulation of energy storage substances in microalgae, such as high light intensity, high salinity, and heavy metals, will affect the growth of microalgae and will ultimately limit the efficient accumulation of energy storage substances. Therefore, the addition of phytohormones not only helps to reduce production costs but also improves the efficiency of biofuel utilization. However, accurate and sensitive phytohormones determination and analytical methods are the basis for plant hormone research. In this study, the characteristics of phytohormones in microalgae and research progress for regulating the accumulation of energy storage substances in microalgae by exogenous phytohormones, combined with abiotic stress conditions at home and abroad, are summarized. The possible metabolic mechanism of phytohormones in microalgae is discussed, and possible future research directions are put forward, which provide a theoretical basis for the application of phytohormones in microalgae.
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27
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Naing AH, Maung TT, Kim CK. The ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria: Influences of bacterial strains and ACC deaminase activities in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1992-2012. [PMID: 34487352 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change results in frequent occurrences and/or long durations of abiotic stress. Field grown plants are affected by abiotic stress, and they modulate ethylene in response to abiotic stress exposure and use it as a signaling molecule in stress tolerance mechanisms. However, frequent occurrences and/or long durations of stress conditions can cause plants to induce ethylene levels higher than their thresholds, resulting in a reduction of plant growth and crop productivity. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase has increased in various plant species to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress-induced ethylene and promote plant growth despite abiotic stress conditions. Unfortunately, there are restrictions that limit the use of ACC deaminase-producing PGPB to protect plants from abiotic stresses. This review describes how abiotic stress induces ethylene and how stress-induced ethylene adversely affects plant growth. In addition, this review emphasizes the importance of the compatibility of PGPB strains and specific host plants and ACC deaminase activities in the reduction of stress ethylene and the promotion of plant growth, based on the research published in the last 10 years. Moreover, due to the restrictions in PGPB use, this review highlights the potential generation of transgenic plants expressing the AcdS gene that encodes the ACC deaminase enzyme as a substitute for PGPB in the future to support and uplift agricultural sustainability and food security globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - The-Thiri Maung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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28
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Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121936. [PMID: 34946886 PMCID: PMC8700873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth and development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes of ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants to clarify the roles of basal ABA in growth and development. The promotive and inhibitive actions of ABA in growth are characterized by stunted and enhanced growth of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation by ABA is both promotive and inhibitive, depending on the context, such as concentrations, tissues, and environmental conditions. Basal ABA regulates local growth including hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis and lateral root growth. At the cellular level, basal ABA is essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, and expression of cell-cycle genes. Basal ABA also regulates epidermis development in the shoot, by inhibiting stomatal development, and deposition of hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering the leaf surface. In the root, basal ABA is involved in xylem differentiation and suberization of the endodermis. Hormone crosstalk plays key roles in growth and developmental processes regulated by ABA. Phenotypes of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants indicate prominent functions of basal ABA in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Brookbank
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jasmin Patel
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
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29
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Ruscoe HL, Taketani RG, Clark IM, Lund G, Hughes D, Dodd IC, Hirsch PR, Mauchline TH. Land Management Legacy Affects Abundance and Function of the acdS Gene in Wheat Root Associated Pseudomonads. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:611339. [PMID: 34777264 PMCID: PMC8578595 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Land management practices can vastly influence belowground plant traits due to chemical, physical, and biological alteration of soil properties. Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. are agriculturally relevant bacteria with a plethora of plant growth promoting (PGP) qualities, including the potential to alter plant physiology by modulating plant produced ethylene via the action of the bacterial enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (acdS). This study evaluated the impact of land management legacy on the selection and function of wheat root associated culturable pseudomonad isolates. Three distinct previous land uses prior to wheat culture (grassland, arable, and bare fallow) were tested and culturable pseudomonad abundance, phylogeny (gyrB and acdS genes), function (ACC deaminase activity), and the co-selection of acdS with other PGP genes examined. The pseudomonad community could to some extent be discriminated based on previous land use. The isolates from rhizosphere and root compartments of wheat had a higher acdS gene frequency than the bulk soil, particularly in plants grown in soil from the bare fallow treatment which is known to have degraded soil properties such as low nutrient availability. Additionally, other genes of interest to agriculture encoding anti-fungal metabolites, siderophores, and genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were highly positively associated with the presence of the acdS gene in the long-term arable treatment in the genomes of these isolates. In contrast, genes involved in antibiotic resistance and type VI secretion systems along with nitrogen cycling genes were highly positively correlated with the acdS gene in bare fallow isolated pseudomonad. This highlights that the three land managements prior to wheat culture present different selection pressures that can shape culturable pseudomonad community structure and function either directly or indirectly via the influence of wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Ruscoe
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo G Taketani
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Clark
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - George Lund
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - David Hughes
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Penny R Hirsch
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Tim H Mauchline
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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30
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Hu J, Ren B, Dong S, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. 6-Benzyladenine increasing subsequent waterlogging-induced waterlogging tolerance of summer maize by increasing hormone signal transduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1509:89-112. [PMID: 34766352 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Summer maize is frequently subjected to waterlogging damage because of increased and variable rainfall during the growing season. The application of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) can effectively mitigate the waterlogging effects on plant growth and increase the grain yield of waterlogged summer maize. However, the mechanisms underlying this process and the involvement of 6-BA in relevant signal transduction pathways remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of 6-BA on waterlogged summer maize using a phosphoproteomic technique to better understand the mechanism by which summer maize growth improves following waterlogging. Application of 6-BA inhibited the waterlogging-induced increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in ABA signaling; accordingly, stomatal responsiveness to exogenous ABA increased. In addition, the application of 6-BA had a long-term effect on signal transduction pathways and contributed to rapid responses to subsequent stresses. Plants primed with 6-BA accumulated more ethylene and jasmonic acid in response to subsequent waterlogging; accordingly, leaf SPAD, antioxidase activity, and root traits improved by 6-BA priming. These results suggest that the effects of 6-BA on hormone signal transduction pathways are anamnestic, which enables plants to show faster or stronger defense responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baizhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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31
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Siakavelas GI, Georgiadis AG, Charisiou ND, Yentekakis IV, Goula MA. Cost‐Effective Adsorption of Oxidative Coupling‐Derived Ethylene Using a Molecular Sieve. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios I. Siakavelas
- University of Western Macedonia Department of Chemical Engineering Koila 50100 Kozani Greece
| | - Amvrosios G. Georgiadis
- University of Western Macedonia Department of Chemical Engineering Koila 50100 Kozani Greece
| | - Nikolaos D. Charisiou
- University of Western Macedonia Department of Chemical Engineering Koila 50100 Kozani Greece
| | - Ioannis V. Yentekakis
- Technical University of Crete School of Environmental Engineering 73100 Chania Greece
| | - Maria A. Goula
- University of Western Macedonia Department of Chemical Engineering Koila 50100 Kozani Greece
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32
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Pachoute J, Nascimento VL, de Souza DJ. Beauveria bassiana Enhances the Growth of Cowpea Plants and Increases the Mortality of Cerotoma arcuata. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3762-3769. [PMID: 34463817 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops stand out for their efficient adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions. Insect pests, such as the leaf beetle Cerotoma arcuata, are among the main factors that limit cowpea yield. Chemical control methods are commonly used to control such pests; however, biological methods are an alternative to reduce the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Beauveria bassiana inoculation on the growth and physiological parameters of the cowpea plant and assess the influence of the inoculation on the feeding performance and survival of C. arcuata adults. Colonization by B. bassiana was recorded in the stems (63.89%), roots (45.83%), and leaves (25%) of the cowpea plant. It was found that B. bassiana enhanced the plant height, number of leaves, and the dry mass of the inoculated cowpea plants as compared to the control. The treated plants exhibited higher net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation rates in the gas exchange evaluation as well as higher stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration rates, and chlorophyll (a + b) content than the control plants. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the B. bassiana negatively affected the survival of the insect in the leaf disc assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julner Pachoute
- Plant Production Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-530, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Plant Production Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-530, Brazil.,Plant Physiology Sector, Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Danival José de Souza
- Plant Production Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-530, Brazil.
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33
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Nascimento VL, Pereira AM, Siqueira JA, Pereira AS, Silva VF, Costa LC, Ribeiro DM, Zsögön A, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Exogenous ethylene reduces growth via alterations in central metabolism and cell wall composition in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153460. [PMID: 34217838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous hormone with a well-established role in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, its role in the modulation of carbon assimilation and central metabolism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) following the application of ethylene in the form of ethephon (CEPA - 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), forcing the classical triple response phenotype. CEPA-treated plants were characterized by growth inhibition, as revealed by significant reductions in both shoot and root dry weights, coupled with a reduced number of leaves and lower specific leaf area. Growth inhibition was associated with a reduction in carbon assimilation due to both lower photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, coupled with impairments in carbohydrate turnover. Furthermore, exogenous ethylene led to the accumulation of cell wall compounds (i.e., cellulose and lignin) and phenolics, indicating that exposure to exogenous ethylene also led to changes in specialized metabolism. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that exogenous ethylene disrupts plant growth and leaf structure by affecting both central and specialized metabolism, especially that involved in carbohydrate turnover and cell wall biosynthesis, ultimately leading to metabolic responses that mimic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Siqueira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aurelio S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Nascimento VL, Pereira AM, Pereira AS, Silva VF, Costa LC, Bastos CEA, Ribeiro DM, Caldana C, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Physiological and metabolic bases of increased growth in the tomato ethylene-insensitive mutant Never ripe: extending ethylene signaling functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1377-1393. [PMID: 33074436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tomato mutant Never ripe (Nr), a loss-of-function for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, shows enhanced growth, associated with increased carbon assimilation and a rewiring of the central metabolism. Compelling evidence has demonstrated the importance of ethylene during tomato fruit development, yet its role on leaf central metabolism and plant growth remains elusive. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of Never ripe (Nr) tomato, a loss-of-function mutant for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, known for its fruits which never ripe. However, besides fruits, the Nr gene is also constitutively expressed in vegetative tissues. Nr mutant showed a growth enhancement during both the vegetative and reproductive stage, without an earlier onset of leaf senescence, with Nr plants exhibiting a higher number of leaves and an increased dry weight of leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. At metabolic level, Nr also plays a significant role with the mutant showing changes in carbon assimilation, carbohydrates turnover, and an exquisite reprogramming of a large number of metabolite levels. Notably, the expression of genes related to ethylene signaling and biosynthesis are not altered in Nr. We assess our results in the context of those previously published for tomato fruits and of current models of ethylene signal transduction, and conclude that ethylene insensitivity mediated by Nr impacts the whole central metabolism at vegetative stage, leading to increased growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aurelio S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Carla E A Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Invasive Lactuca serriola seeds contain endophytic bacteria that contribute to drought tolerance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13307. [PMID: 34172799 PMCID: PMC8233371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic relationship between alien plant species and microorganisms is proposed to facilitate or hinder invasive success, depending on whether plants can form novel associations with microorganisms in the introduced habitats. However, this hypothesis has not considered seed endophytes that would move together with plant propagules. Little information is available on the seed endophytic bacteria of invasive species and their effects on plant performance. We isolated the seed endophytic bacteria of a xerophytic invasive plant, Lactuca serriola, and examined their plant growth-promoting traits. In addition, we assessed whether these seed endophytes contributed to plant drought tolerance. Forty-two bacterial species were isolated from seeds, and all of them exhibited at least one plant growth-promoting trait. Kosakonia cowanii occurred in all four tested plant populations and produced a high concentration of exopolysaccharides in media with a highly negative water potential. Notably, applying K. cowanii GG1 to Arabidopsis thaliana stimulated plant growth under drought conditions. It also reduced soil water loss under drought conditions, suggesting bacterial production of exopolysaccharides might contribute to the maintenance of soil water content. These results imply that invasive plants can disperse along with beneficial bacterial symbionts, which potentially improve plant fitness and help to establish alien plant species.
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Liu D. Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1065-1090. [PMID: 33710755 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Cheng C, Yu Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Ji Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Zhao L, Fei Z, Gao J, Ma N. Ethylene-regulated asymmetric growth of the petal base promotes flower opening in rose (Rosa hybrida). THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1229-1251. [PMID: 33693903 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are the core reproductive structures and key distinguishing features of angiosperms. Flower opening to expose stamens and gynoecia is important in cases where pollinators much be attracted to promote cross-pollination, which can enhance reproductive success and species preservation. The floral opening process is accompanied by the coordinated movement of various floral organs, particularly petals. However, the mechanisms underlying petal movement and flower opening are not well understood. Here, we integrated anatomical, physiological, and molecular approaches to determine the petal movement regulatory network using rose (Rosa hybrida) as a model. We found that PETAL MOVEMENT-RELATED PROTEIN1 (RhPMP1), a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) gene, is a direct target of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3, a TF that functions downstream of ethylene signaling. RhPMP1 expression was upregulated by ethylene and specifically activated endoreduplication of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the petal (ADSP) base by inducing the expression of RhAPC3b, a gene encoding the core subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Cell expansion of the parenchyma on the ADSP base was subsequently enhanced, thus resulting in asymmetric growth of the petal base, leading to the typical epinastic movement of petals and flower opening. These findings provide insights into the pathway regulating petal movement and associated flower-opening mechanisms.�.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhan Dong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqi Ji
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- USDA Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Quamruzzaman M, Manik SMN, Shabala S, Zhou M. Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators. Biomolecules 2021; 11:788. [PMID: 34073871 PMCID: PMC8225067 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants' adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow "window" in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost-benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Quamruzzaman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Zhang Y, Shen J, Bartholomew ES, Dong M, Chen S, Yin S, Zhai X, Feng Z, Ren H, Liu X. TINY BRANCHED HAIR functions in multicellular trichome development through an ethylene pathway in Cucumis sativus L. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:753-765. [PMID: 33577109 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fruit trichomes of Cucurbitaceae are widely desired in many Asian countries and have been a key determinant of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar selection for commercial production and breeding. However, our understanding of the initiation and development of cucumber trichomes is still limited. Here, we found that the cucumber TINY BRANCHED HAIR (TBH) gene is preferentially expressed in multicellular trichomes. Overexpression of CsTBH in tbh mutants restored the trichome phenotype and increased the percentage of female flowers, whereas silencing of CsTBH in wild-type plants resulted in stunted trichomes with a lower rate of female flowers. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CsTBH can directly bind to the promoters of cucumber 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase (CsACS) genes and regulate their expression, which affects multicellular trichome development, ethylene accumulation, and sex expression. Two cucumber acs mutants with different trichome morphology and sex morphs compared with their near-isogenic line further support our findings. Collectively, our study provides new information on the molecular mechanism of CsTBH in regulating multicellular trichome development and sex expression through an ethylene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ezra S Bartholomew
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xuling Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Shao Z, Zhao B, Huang A, Tran J, Hernandez FV, Qiao H. EIN2-directed histone acetylation requires EIN3-mediated positive feedback regulation in response to ethylene. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:322-337. [PMID: 33793786 PMCID: PMC8136887 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is an important phytohormone with pleotropic roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) mediates the transduction of the ethylene signal from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the nucleus, where its C-terminus (EIN2-C) regulates histone acetylation to mediate transcriptional regulation by EIN3. However, no direct interaction between EIN2-C and EIN3 has been detected. To determine how EIN2-C and EIN3 act together, we followed a synthetic approach and engineered a chimeric EIN2-C with EIN3 DNA-binding activity but lacking its transactivation activity (EIN2C-EIN3DB). The overexpression of EIN2C-EIN3DB in either wild-type or in the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein3-1 eil1-1 led to a partial constitutive ethylene response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing showed that EIN2C-EIN3DB has DNA-binding activity, indicating that EIN3DB is functional in EIN2C-EIN3DB. Furthermore, native EIN3 protein levels determine EIN2C-EIN3DB binding activity and binding targets in a positive feedback loop by interacting with EIN2C-EIN3DB to form a heterodimer. Additionally, although EIN3 does not direct affect histone acetylation levels in the absence of EIN2, it is required for the ethylene-induced elevation of H3K14Ac and H3K23Ac in the presence of EIN2. Together, we reveal efficient and specific DNA-binding by dimerized EIN3 in the presence of ethylene to mediate positive feedback regulation, which is required for EIN2-directed elevation of histone acetylation to integrate into an EIN3-dependent transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Wang
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhengyao Shao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Austin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jaclyn Tran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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41
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Kang Y, Kim M, Shim C, Bae S, Jang S. Potential of Algae-Bacteria Synergistic Effects on Vegetable Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656662. [PMID: 33912211 PMCID: PMC8072153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture has become heavily dependent on chemical fertilizers, which have caused environmental pollution and the loss of soil fertility and sustainability. Microalgae and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been identified as alternatives to chemical fertilizers for improving soil fertility. This is because of their biofertilizing properties, through the production of bioactive compounds (e.g., phytohormones, amino acids, and carotenoids) and their ability to inhibit plant pathogens. Although treatment based on a single species of microalgae or bacteria is commonly used in agriculture, there is growing experimental evidence suggesting that a symbiotic relationship between microalgae and bacteria synergistically affects each other's physiological and metabolomic processes. Moreover, the co-culture/combination treatment of microalgae and bacteria is considered a promising approach in biotechnology for wastewater treatment and efficient biomass production, based on the advantage of the resulting synergistic effects. However, much remains unexplored regarding the microalgal-bacterial interactions for agricultural applications. In this review, we summarize the effects of microalgae and PGPB as biofertilizing agents on vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, we present the potential of the microalgae-PGPB co-culture/combination system for the environmentally compatible production of vegetables with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Kang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Changki Shim
- Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Suyea Bae
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R. Plants-nematodes-microbes crosstalk within soil: A trade-off among friends or foes. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126755. [PMID: 33845302 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants interact with enormous biotic and abiotic components within ecosystem. For instance, microbes, insects, herbivores, animals, nematodes etc. In general, these interactions are studied independently with plants, that condenses only specific information about the interaction. However, the limitation to study the cross-interactions masks the collaborative role of organisms within ecosystem. Beneficial microbes are most prominent organisms that are needed to be studied due to their bidirectional nature towards plants. Fascinatingly, Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (PPNs) have been profoundly observed to cause mass destruction of agricultural crops worldwide. The huge demand for agriculture for present-day population requires optimization of production potential by curbing the damage caused by PPNs. Chemical nematicides combats their proliferation, but their extended usage has abruptly affected flora, fauna and human populations. Because of consistent pressing issues in regard to environment, the use of biocontrol agents are most favourable alternatives for managing agriculture. However, this association is somehow, tug of war, and understanding of plant-nematode-microbial relation would enable the agriculturists to monitor the overall development of plants along with limiting the use of agrochemicals. Soil microbes are contemporary bio-nematicides emerging in the market, that stimulates the plant growth and impedes PPNs populations. They form natural enemies and trap nematodes, henceforth, it is crucial to understand these interactions for ecological and biotechnological perspectives for commercial use. Moreover, acquiring the diversity of their relationship and molecular-based mechanisms, outlines their cascade of signaling events to serve as biotechnological ecosystem engineers. The omics based mechanisms encompassing hormone gene regulatory pathways and elicitors released by microbes are able to modulate pathogenesis-related (PR) genes within plants. This is achieved via Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) or acquired systemic channels. Taking into account all these validations, the present review mainly advocates the relationship among microbes and nematodes in plants. It is believed that this review will boost zest and zeal within researchers to effectively understand the plant-nematodes-microbes relations and their ecological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Huber M, Nieuwendijk NM, Pantazopoulou CK, Pierik R. Light signalling shapes plant-plant interactions in dense canopies. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1014-1029. [PMID: 33047350 PMCID: PMC8049026 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing at high densities interact via a multitude of pathways. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms and functional consequences of plant architectural responses initiated by light cues that occur in dense vegetation. We will review the current state of knowledge about shade avoidance, as well as its possible applications. On an individual level, plants perceive neighbour-associated changes in light quality and quantity mainly with phytochromes for red and far-red light and cryptochromes and phototropins for blue light. Downstream of these photoreceptors, elaborate signalling and integration takes place with the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS, several hormones and other regulators. This signalling leads to the shade avoidance responses, consisting of hyponasty, stem and petiole elongation, apical dominance and life cycle adjustments. Architectural changes of the individual plant have consequences for the plant community, affecting canopy structure, species composition and population fitness. In this context, we highlight the ecological, evolutionary and agricultural importance of shade avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huber
- Plant Ecophysiology, Dept. BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Dept. BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Ha-Tran DM, Nguyen TTM, Hung SH, Huang E, Huang CC. Roles of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Stimulating Salinity Stress Defense in Plants: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3154. [PMID: 33808829 PMCID: PMC8003591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, soil salinity becomes a huge obstacle for food production worldwide since salt stress is one of the major factors limiting agricultural productivity. It is estimated that a significant loss of crops (20-50%) would be due to drought and salinity. To embark upon this harsh situation, numerous strategies such as plant breeding, plant genetic engineering, and a large variety of agricultural practices including the applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and seed biopriming technique have been developed to improve plant defense system against salt stress, resulting in higher crop yields to meet human's increasing food demand in the future. In the present review, we update and discuss the advantageous roles of beneficial PGPR as green bioinoculants in mitigating the burden of high saline conditions on morphological parameters and on physio-biochemical attributes of plant crops via diverse mechanisms. In addition, the applications of PGPR as a useful tool in seed biopriming technique are also updated and discussed since this approach exhibits promising potentials in improving seed vigor, rapid seed germination, and seedling growth uniformity. Furthermore, the controversial findings regarding the fluctuation of antioxidants and osmolytes in PGPR-treated plants are also pointed out and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Minh Ha-Tran
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Trinh Thi My Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Shih-Hsun Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Huang
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.T.M.N.); (S.-H.H.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains producing ACC deaminase on photosynthesis, isoprene emission, ethylene formation and growth of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. in response to water deficit. J Biotechnol 2021; 331:53-62. [PMID: 33727083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is an increasing need considering the challenges posed by climate change and rapid human population growth. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may represent an excellent, new agriculture practice to improve soil quality while promoting growth and yield of important crop species subjected to water stress conditions. In this study, two PGPR strains with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity were co-inoculated in velvet bean plants to verify the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to progressive water stress. The results of our study show that the total biomass and the water use efficiency of inoculated plants were higher than uninoculated plants at the end of the water stress period. These positive effects may be derived from a lower root ACC content (-45 %) in water-stressed inoculated plants than in uninoculated ones resulting in lower root ethylene emission. Furthermore, the ability of inoculated plants to maintain higher levels of both isoprene emission, a priming compound that may help to protect leaves from oxidative damage, and carbon assimilation during water stress progression may indicate the underlining metabolic processes conferring water stress tolerance. Overall, the experimental results show that co-inoculation with ACC deaminase PGPR positively affects tolerance to water deficit, confirming the potential for biotechnological applications in water-stressed agricultural areas.
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Zhou X, Smaill SJ, Gu X, Clinton PW. Manipulation of soil methane oxidation under drought stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:144089. [PMID: 33310579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought events are predicted to occur more frequently, but comprehensive knowledge of their effects on methane (CH4) oxidation by soil methanotrophs in upland ecosystems remains elusive. Here, we put forward a new conceptual model in which drought influences soil CH4 oxidation through a direct pathway (i.e., positive effects of soil CH4 oxidation via increasing soil aeration) and through an indirect pathway (i.e., negative effects of in planta ethylene (C2H4) production on soil CH4 oxidation). Through measuring soil CH4 efflux along a gradient of drought stress, we found that drought increases soil CH4 oxidation, as the former outweighs the latter on soil CH4 oxidation, based on a mesocosm experiment employing distinct levels of watering and a long-term drought field trial created by rainfall exclusion in a subtropical evergreen forest. Moreover, we used aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), a C2H4 biosynthesis inhibitor, to reduce in planta C2H4 production under drought, and found that reducing in planta C2H4 production increased soil CH4 oxidation under drought. To confirm these findings, we found that inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria containing the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase alleviated the negative effects of drought-induced in planta C2H4, thus increasing soil CH4 oxidation rates. All these results provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that in planta C2H4 production inhibits soil CH4 oxidation under drought. To our knowledge, this is the first study to manipulate the negative feedback between C2H4 production and CH4 oxidation under drought stress. Given the current widespread extent of arid and semiarid regions in the world, combined with the projected increased frequency of drought stress in future climate scenarios, we provide a reliable means for increasing soil CH4 oxidation in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Simeon J Smaill
- Scion, P.O. Box 29237, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand
| | - Xinyun Gu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peter W Clinton
- Scion, P.O. Box 29237, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand
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Gommers CMM, Ruiz-Sola MÁ, Ayats A, Pereira L, Pujol M, Monte E. GENOMES UNCOUPLED1-independent retrograde signaling targets the ethylene pathway to repress photomorphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:67-76. [PMID: 33631804 PMCID: PMC8133597 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When germinating in the light, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings undergo photomorphogenic development, characterized by short hypocotyls, greening, and expanded cotyledons. Stressed chloroplasts emit retrograde signals to the nucleus that induce developmental responses and repress photomorphogenesis. The nuclear targets of these retrograde signals are not yet fully known. Here, we show that lincomycin-treated seedlings (which lack developed chloroplasts) show strong phenotypic similarities to seedlings treated with ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, as both signals inhibit cotyledon separation in the light. We show that the lincomycin-induced phenotype partly requires a functioning ET signaling pathway, but could not detect increased ET emissions in response to the lincomycin treatment. The two treatments show overlap in upregulated gene transcripts, downstream of transcription factors ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and EIN3-LIKE1. The induction of the ET signaling pathway is triggered by an unknown retrograde signal acting independently of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1. Our data show how two apparently different stress responses converge to optimize photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M M Gommers
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - María Águila Ruiz-Sola
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Ayats
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Pereira
- Plant and Animal Genomics Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Marta Pujol
- Plant and Animal Genomics Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC- IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Author for communication: (E.M.)
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Naing AH, Jeong HY, Jung SK, Kim CK. Overexpression of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Deaminase ( acdS) Gene in Petunia hybrida Improves Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:737490. [PMID: 34795684 PMCID: PMC8594826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress induces the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in plants, which consequently enhances ethylene production and inhibits plant growth. The bacterial ACC deaminase enzyme encoded by the acdS gene reduces stress-induced ethylene production and improves plant growth in response to stress. In this study, overexpression of acdS in Petunia hybrida ('Mirage Rose') significantly reduced expression of the ethylene biosynthesis gene ACC oxidase 1 (ACO1) and ethylene production relative to those in wild type (WT) under various abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt). The higher reduction of stress-induced ethylene in the transgenic plants, which was due to the overexpression of acdS, led to a greater tolerance to the stresses compared to that in the WT plants. The greater stress tolerances were proven based on better plant growth and physiological performance, which were linked to stress tolerance. Moreover, expression analysis of the genes involved in stress tolerance also supported the increased tolerance of transgenics relative to that with the WT. These results suggest the possibility that acdS is overexpressed in ornamental plants, particularly in bedding plants normally growing outside the environment, to overcome the deleterious effect of ethylene on plant growth under different abiotic stresses. The development of stress-tolerant plants will be helpful to advance the floricultural industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hui Yeong Jeong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, NIFoS, Yeongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang Kil Kim,
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Jose J, Roy Choudhury S. Heterotrimeric G-proteins mediated hormonal responses in plants. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109799. [PMID: 33011291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones not only orchestrate intrinsic developmental programs from germination to senescence but also regulate environmental inputs through complex signalling pathways. Despite building an own signalling network, hormones mutually contribute several signalling systems, which are also essential for plant growth and development, defense, and responses to abiotic stresses. One of such important signalling cascades is G-proteins, which act as critical regulators of a wide range of fundamental cellular processes by transducing receptor signals to the intracellular environment. G proteins are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, and the molecular switching between active and inactive conformation of Gα controls the signalling cycle. The active GTP bound Gα and freed Gβγ have both independent and tightly coordinated roles in the regulation of effector molecules, thereby modulating multiple responses, including hormonal responses. Therefore, an interplay of hormones with G-proteins fine-tunes multiple biological processes of plants; however, their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Functional characterization of hormone biosynthesis, perception, and signalling components, as well as identification of few effector molecules of G-proteins and their interaction networks, reduces the complexity of the hormonal signalling networks related to G-proteins. In this review, we highlight a valuable insight into the mechanisms of how the G-protein signalling cascades connect with hormonal responses to regulate increased developmental flexibility as well as remarkable plasticity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jismon Jose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India.
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50
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De Pedro LF, Mignolli F, Scartazza A, Melana Colavita JP, Bouzo CA, Vidoz ML. Maintenance of photosynthetic capacity in flooded tomato plants with reduced ethylene sensitivity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:202-217. [PMID: 32458443 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is considered one of the most important plant hormones orchestrating plant responses to flooding stress. However, ethylene may induce deleterious effects on plants, especially when produced at high rates in response to stress. In this paper, we explored the effect of attenuated ethylene sensitivity in the Never ripe (Nr) mutant on leaf photosynthetic capacity of flooded tomato plants. We found out that reduced ethylene perception in Nr plants was associated with a more efficient photochemical and non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation capability in response to flooding. The data correlated with the retention of chlorophyll and carotenoids content in flooded Nr leaves. Moreover, leaf area and specific leaf area were higher in Nr, indicating that ethylene would exert a negative role in leaf growth and expansion under flooded conditions. Although stomatal conductance was hampered in flooded Nr plants, carboxylation activity was not affected by flooding in the mutant, suggesting that ethylene is responsible for inducing non-stomatal limitations to photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Upregulation of several cysteine protease genes and high protease activity led to Rubisco protein loss in response to ethylene under flooding. Reduction of Rubisco content would, at least in part, account for the reduction of its carboxylation efficiency in response to ethylene in flooded plants. Therefore, besides its role as a trigger of many adaptive responses, perception of ethylene entails limitations in light and dark photosynthetic reactions by speeding up the senescence process that leads to a progressive disassembly of the photosynthetic machinery in leaves of flooded tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Melana Colavita
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA, NEA-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Bouzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), ICi Agro-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vidoz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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