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Rajput G, Patel P, Singh D, Asati V, Kurmi BD. Quality by design assisted high‐performance liquid chromatography parameters for simultaneous estimation of simvastatin and fenofibrate. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
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Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aquatic Environments-Occurrence, Fate and Bioremediation Prospective. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100257. [PMID: 34678953 PMCID: PMC8537644 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been detected in different ecosystems, posing a threat to living organisms and the environment. Pharmaceuticals are among the many CECs that enter the environment through different pathways, with wastewater treatment plants being the main input of these pollutants. Several technologies for the removal of these pollutants have been developed through the years, but there is still a lack of sustainable technologies suitable for being applied in natural environments. In this regard, solutions based on natural biological processes are attractive for the recovery of contaminated environments. Bioremediation is one of these natural-based solutions and takes advantage of the capacity of microorganisms to degrade different organic pollutants. Degradation of pollutants by native microorganisms is already known to be an important detoxification mechanism that is involved in natural attenuation processes that occur in the environment. Thus, bioremediation technologies based on the selection of natural degrading bacteria seem to be a promising clean-up technology suitable for application in natural environments. In this review, an overview of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals is carried out, in which bioremediation tools are explored for the removal of these pollutants from impacted environments.
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Analytical Quality by Design Approach of Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Atorvastatin: Method Development, Optimization, Validation, and the Stability-Indicated Method. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:8833900. [PMID: 33628253 PMCID: PMC7896856 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8833900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach in the optimization of the high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method is a novel tool. Three factors and three levels of Box–Behnken statistical design (BBD) were used for method optimization and analysis of atorvastatin. The mobile phase (acetonitrile: water), flow rate (Rt), and UV wavelength were used as independent variables. Their effects were observed in the area of the chromatogram (AU), retention time (Rt, min), and tailing factor (%). The optimized HPLC condition was found as acetonitrile:water (50 : 50), flow rate (0.68 ml/min), and UV wave length (235 nm). It gives the retention time of 2.43 min with the linearity range of 5–30 μg/ml with a high regression value (r2 = 0.999). The method was found to be precise and accurate with low % RSD (<5%). The refrigeration stability indicated that atorvastatin was stable. The force degradation study showed that the atorvastatin was fully unstable in UV light and stable in 0.1 M basic condition. It concluded that this QbD optimized method is suitable for quantification of the atorvastatin from the formulation as well as pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Santana IM, Jardim ICSF, Breitkreitz MC. Sequential design of experiments approach for the multiproduct analysis of cholesterol‐lowering drugs by ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4234-4242. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Miranda Santana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry UNICAMP Campinas‐São Paulo Brazil
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Tulbah AS. The potential of Atorvastatin for chronic lung diseases therapy. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1353-1363. [PMID: 33250642 PMCID: PMC7679442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATO) is of the statin class and is used as an orally administered lipid-lowering drug. ATO is a reversible synthetic competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase thus leading to a reduction in cholesterol synthesis. It has recently been demonstrated that ATO has different pharmacological actions, which are unrelated to its lipid-lowering effects and has the ability to treat chronic airway diseases. This paper reviews the potential of ATO as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative agent after oral or inhaled administration. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using ATO under conditions associated with those found in the airways. This treatment could potentially be used to support the formulating of ATO as an inhaler for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases.
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Key Words
- %, Percentage
- AA, Allergic asthma
- AP-1, Activator protein-1
- ATO, Atorvastatin
- Atorvastatin
- BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- CCL7, Chemokine ligand 7
- CI, Confidence interval
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CS, Cigarettes smoke
- CYP3A4/5, Cytochrome Metabolic enzymes3A4/5
- FPP, Farnesylpyrophosphate
- G, Gram
- GEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factors
- GGPP, Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate
- IL, Interleukins
- Inflammation
- Inhale
- Log P, Partition coefficient
- MMPs, Matrix-metalloprotease
- MVA, Mevalonic acid
- NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NCSCL, Non-small cell lung cancer
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa
- NOS, Nitric oxide synthase
- NaOH, Sodium hydroxide
- OATP, Organic anion transporting polypeptide
- Oral
- Oxidation
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PPE, Porcine pancreatic elastase
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Respiratory diseases
- SAS, Supercritical antisolvent
- SphK1, Sphingosine kinase 1
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- TNF-a, Tumour necrosis factor alpha
- TSC, Tuberous sclerosis
- UDP, Uridine diphosphate
- UV, Ultraviolet light
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoproteins
- WHO, World Health Organization
- log D, Coefficient values octanol/water
- m2, Square meter
- mg, Milligram
- mg/day, Milligram per day
- ml, Millilitres
- pH, Measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
- pKa, Dissociation constant
- s, Second
- v/v, Volume per volume
- °C/min, Temperature in degrees per minutes
- μM, Micromolar
- μg, Microgram
- μg/day, Microgram per day
- μg/mL, Microgram per millilitre
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Tulbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Grаdiеnt HPLC Mеthоd fоr Simultаnеоus Dеtеrminаtiоn оf Еight Sаrtаn аnd Stаtin Drugs in Thеir Purе аnd Dоsаgе Fоrms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13020032. [PMID: 32093384 PMCID: PMC7169415 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A gradient HPLC method was developed and validated for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of the following eight drugs of sartan and statin classes in their pure and dosage forms within 15 minutes: irbesartan (IRB), losartan (LOS), valsartan (VAL), olmesartan (OLM), rosuvastatin (ROS), atorvastatin (ATR), lovastatin (LOV), and simvastatin (SIM). Separation was carried out on a Kinetex C18 100A column (2.60 μm, 4.60 mm × 100 mm) using a gradiant binary mobile phase of 0.05M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.50 adjusted by ortho-phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile at room temperature. The flow rate was 1.00 mL/min and maximum absorption was measured using a DAD detector at 280 nm. The retention times of IRB, LOS, ROS, VAL, ATR, LOV, OLM, and SIM were recorded to be 4.72, 5.32, 6.06, 7.19, 7.96, 9.30, 11.91, and 14.66 minutes, respectively. Limits of detection were reported to be 2.01, 1.32, 1.10, 0.76, 0.21, 1.50, 0.38, and 0.55 mM for the same sequence of drugs, respectively, showing a high degree of method sensitivity. The method was then validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the determination of the drugs in their dosage forms with highly precise recoveries. Also, a statistical comparison with reference methods was performed showing no significant differences between the proposed method and reported ones in terms of precision and accuracy.
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Lorenzoni R, Cordenonsi LM, Davies S, Antonow MB, Medina Diedrich AS, Santos CG, Vitalis GS, Garrastazu G, Buttini F, Sonvico F, Gomes P, Raffin RP. Lipid-core nanocapsules are an alternative to the pulmonary delivery and to increase the stability of statins. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:317-326. [PMID: 31159613 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1624849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) loaded with simvastatin (SV, SV-LNC) or lovastatin (LV, LV-LNC) were formulated for pulmonary administration. Methods: The LNC suspensions were characterized physicochemically, their stability was evaluated, and drug delivery by the pulmonary route was tested in vitro. Results: The loaded LNCs had a particle size close to 200 nm, a low polydispersity index, and a zeta potential around -20 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was high for SV (99.21 ± 0.7%) but low for LV (20.34 ± 1.2%). SV release from nanocapsules was slower than it was from SV in solution, with a monoexponential release profile, and the drug emitted and aerosol output rate was higher for SV-LNCs (1.58 µg/s) than for SV in suspension (0.54 µg/s). Conclusions: SV-LNCs had a median aerodynamic diameter of 3.51 µm and a highly respirable fraction (61.9%), indicating that nanoparticles are a suitable system for efficient delivery of simvastatin to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lorenzoni
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Leticia Malgarim Cordenonsi
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Samuel Davies
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Michelli Barcelos Antonow
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,c Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Post-Graduation Program , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Cayane Genro Santos
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Graciela Schneider Vitalis
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | | | - Francesca Buttini
- d Faculty of Pharmacy , Universitá degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- d Faculty of Pharmacy , Universitá degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Renata Platcheck Raffin
- a Nanoscience Post-Graduation Program , Franciscan University , Santa Maria , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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Zeki AA, Elbadawi-Sidhu M. Innovations in asthma therapy: is there a role for inhaled statins? Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:461-473. [PMID: 29575963 PMCID: PMC6018057 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1457437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma manifests as chronic airflow obstruction with persistent inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors (a.k.a. statins), suggest a therapeutic role in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. However, despite positive laboratory investigations and promising epidemiological data, clinical trials using statins for the treatment of asthma have yielded conflicting results. Inadequate statin levels in the airway compartment could explain these findings. Areas covered: HMGCR is in the mevalonate (MA) pathway and MA signaling is fundamental to lung biology and asthma. This article will discuss clinical trials of oral statins in asthma, review lab investigations relevant to the systemic versus inhaled administration of statins, address the advantages and disadvantages of inhaled statins, and answer the question: is there a role for inhaled statins in the treatment of asthma? Expert commentary: If ongoing investigations show that oral administration of statins has no clear clinical benefits, then repurposing statins for delivery via inhalation is a logical next step. Inhalation of statins bypasses first-pass metabolism by the liver, and therefore, allows for delivery of significantly lower doses to the airways at greater potency. Statins could become the next major class of novel inhalers for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mona Elbadawi-Sidhu
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Peng J, Tian H, Du Q, Hui X, He H. A regenerable sorbent composed of a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-8), Fe 3O 4 and graphene oxide for enrichment of atorvastatin and simvastatin prior to their determination by HPLC. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:141. [PMID: 29594811 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), nanosized Fe3O4 and zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) were hybridized as a multifunctional sorbent for use in microextraction. The sorbent was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR. The composite is porous, has a high specific surface (> 600 m2·g-1) and is paramagnetic. The GO sheets are shown to act as carriers for the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and ZIF-8. The composite is a viable material for the preconcentration of atorvastatin and simvastatin from urine prior to their determination by HPLC with PDA detection. The limits of detection are 116 and 387 pg·mL-1, respectively. Recoveries from spiked urine samples range between 84.7 and 95.7%, with relative standard deviation of ≤4.5%. Enrichment factors range from 169 to 191. The method was successfully applied to the determination of atorvastatin in urine. Moreover, this sorbent is regenerable and recyclable for at least seven times without obvious decrease in performance. Graphical abstract A composite sorbent composed of a zeolite imidazolate framework, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide was applied to the extraction of statins in urine prior their determination by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huairu Tian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiuzheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xuanhong Hui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hua He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China.
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Development of matrix effect-free MISPE-UHPLC–MS/MS method for determination of lovastatin in Pu-erh tea, oyster mushroom, and red yeast rice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:367-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Antal I, Koneracka M, Zavisova V, Kubovcikova M, Kormosh Z, Kopcansky P. Statins Determination: A Review of Electrochemical Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:474-489. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1332973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Antal
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
- Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - M. Koneracka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - V. Zavisova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M. Kubovcikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zh. Kormosh
- Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - P. Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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Arghavani-Beydokhti S, Rajabi M, Asghari A. Combination of magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and supramolecular solvent-based microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of trace amounts of cholesterol-lowering drugs in complicated matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4395-4407. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Analytical methods should be selective and fast. In modern times, scientists strive to meet the criteria of green chemistry, so they choose analytical procedures that are as short as possible and use the least toxic solvents. It is quite obvious that the products intended for human consumption should be characterized as completely as possible. The safety of a drug is dependent mainly on the impurities that it contains. High pressure liquid chromatography and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography have been proposed as the main techniques for forced degradation and impurity profiling. The aim of this article was to characterize the relevant classification of drug impurities and to review the methods of impurities determination for atorvastatin (ATV) and duloxetine (DLX) (both in active pharmaceutical ingredients and in different dosage forms). These drugs have an impact on two systems of the human body: cardiac and nervous. Simple characteristics of ATV and DLX, their properties and specificity of action on the human body, are also included in this review. The analyzed pharmaceuticals-ATV (brand name Lipiron) and DLX (brand name Cymbalta)-were selected for this study based on annual rankings prepared by Information Medical Statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kątny
- a Department of Water and Soil Analysis , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
| | - M Frankowski
- a Department of Water and Soil Analysis , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
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Patel M, Kothari C. Critical review of statins: A bio-analytical perspective for therapeutic drug monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Background: Statins are the microsomal 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Some recent studies revealed also the extra-lipid effects and anticancer activities. Due to the wide incidence of cancer diseases, the number of studies dealing with anticancer statin activities has grown in recent years. Development of one universal multistatin method will be a very convenient way of providing practical and economical multiple statin analysis. Results/methodology: Fast and sensitive methods for determination of seven clinically relevant statins, their interconversion products and metabolites (17 analytes in total) in biological samples using microextraction by packed sorbent for sample preparation and UHPLC–MS/MS for subsequent analysis were developed and validated. Three MS platforms with different ion sources, transfer optics, collision cell technologies and scan speed parameters were compared. Conclusion: Significant differences among the methods were observed in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. Microextraction by packed sorbent was successful in the extraction of all 17 analytes from biological matrix.
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Arghavani-Beydokhti S, Asghari A, Bazregar M, Rajabi M. Application of a tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction technique based on solidification of floating organic droplets as an efficient extraction method for determination of cholesterol-lowering drugs in complicated matrices. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance sample clean-up in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction in complicated matrices, a low-toxicity and sensitive extraction method, tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction, based on solidification of floating organic droplets is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Asghari
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 2333383-193
- Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 2333383-193
- Iran
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BORAHAY MA, VINCENT K, MOTAMEDI M, SBRANA E, KILIC GS, AL-HENDY A, BOEHNING D. Novel effects of simvastatin on uterine fibroid tumors: in vitro and patient-derived xenograft mouse model study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:196.e1-8. [PMID: 25840272 PMCID: PMC4519389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine leiomyomas represent a common gynecologic problem with no satisfactory long-term medical treatment. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of simvastatin on uterine leiomyoma, both in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN This is a laboratory-based experimental study. For in vitro studies, we used human and rat leiomyoma cells. For in vivo studies, we used immunodeficient mice supplemented with estrogen/progesterone pellets xenografted with human leiomyoma tissue explant. RESULTS For in vitro studies, cells were treated with different concentrations of simvastatin for 48 hours. Simvastatin induced dose-dependent apoptosis in leiomyoma cells as measured by a fluorometric caspase-3 activity assay, and inhibited proliferation as demonstrated by an (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay (both were significant at 5 and 10 μM). In addition, simvastatin decreased Akt signaling pathway phosphorylation as examined using Western blot analysis. For in vivo studies, animals were treated for 28 days with simvastatin (20 μg/gm body weight/day) vs vehicle control. The treatment inhibited tumor growth as measured weekly using calipers and/ or ultrasound (P < .01). Finally, simvastatin decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in xenograft tumor tissue as examined by immunohistochemistry (P = .02). CONCLUSION Simvastatin can be a promising treatment for uterine leiomyoma. Further studies, including pharmacokinetic and drug delivery studies, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. BORAHAY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Kathleen VINCENT
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - Massoud MOTAMEDI
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - Elena SBRANA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - Gokhan S. KILIC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - Ayman AL-HENDY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912
| | - Darren BOEHNING
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030
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Multianalyte method for the determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4229-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tyteca E, Desfontaine V, Desmet G, Guillarme D. Possibilities of retention modeling and computer assisted method development in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:219-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang J, Luzum JA, Phelps MA, Kitzmiller JP. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, and their major metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 983-984:18-25. [PMID: 25612772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Millions of individuals are treated with a variety of statins that are metabolized to a variety of active metabolites. A single assay capable of simultaneously quantifying commonly used statins and their major metabolites has not been previously reported. Herein we describe the development and validation of a novel and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for simultaneously quantifying simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, and their metabolites, simvastatin acid, lovastatin acid, para-hydroxy atorvastatin, and ortho-hydroxy atorvastatin in human plasma. Plasma samples were processed with a simple protein precipitation technique using acetonitrile, followed by chromatographic separation using an Agilent Zorbax Extend C18 column. A 12.0min linear gradient elution was used at a flow rate of 400μL/min with a mobile phase of water and methanol, both modified with 2mM ammonium formate and 0.2% formic acid. The analytes and internal standard, hesperetin, were detected using the selected reaction monitoring mode on a TSQ Quantum Discovery mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization. The assay exhibited a linear range of 1-1000nM for simvastatin acid and lovastatin acid, and a linear range of 0.1-100nM for the other analytes in human plasma. The accuracy and the within- and between-day precisions of the assay were within acceptable ranges, and the method was successfully utilized to quantify the statins and their metabolites in human plasma samples collected from an ongoing pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jasmine A Luzum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joseph P Kitzmiller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Jahan S, Xie H, Zhong R, Yan J, Xiao H, Fan L, Cao C. A highly efficient three-phase single drop microextraction technique for sample preconcentration. Analyst 2015; 140:3193-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient three-phase single drop microextraction method is presented by using an organic–aqueous compound droplet and a microdevice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Jahan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Ran Zhong
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Jian Yan
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bio-separation
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
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Wang J, Ouyang J, Liu Y, Jia X, You S, He X, Di X. Development of a sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of bilobalide in rat plasma with special consideration of ex vivo bilobalide stability: Application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 95:238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Distribution study of atorvastatin and its metabolites in rat tissues using combined information from UHPLC/MS and MALDI-Orbitrap-MS imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4601-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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El-Bagary RI, Elkady EF, Fouad MA, El-Sherif ZA, Kadry AM, Ayoub BM. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-LC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SITAGLIPTIN AND SIMVASTATIN IN THE PRESENCE OF THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN BULK DRUG MIXTURE AND COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzia I. El-Bagary
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ehab F. Elkady
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. Kadry
- b National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR) , Giza , Egypt
| | - Bassam M. Ayoub
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , British University in Egypt , El-Sherouk City , Egypt
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Silva TA, Zanin H, Vicentini FC, Corat EJ, Fatibello-Filho O. Differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of nanomolar levels of atorvastatin calcium in pharmaceutical and biological samples using a vertically aligned carbon nanotube/graphene oxide electrode. Analyst 2014; 139:2832-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bews HJ, Carlson JC, Jha A, Basu S, Halayko AJ, Wong CS. Simultaneous quantification of simvastatin and simvastatin hydroxy acid in blood serum at physiological pH by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 947-948:145-50. [PMID: 24424299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin attenuates airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, hallmarks of asthma, in allergen-challenged mice. As such, it is under consideration as a novel therapeutic, thus it is important to quantify the levels of simvastatin and its pharmacologically active and interconvertible metabolite, simvastatin hydroxy acid, that can be attained in the body. Methods exist to measure the concentrations of these compounds in biological media; however they do not maintain a physiological pH, and as a result do not accurately measure the ratio of these two compounds that exists in vivo. We developed a new method to measure simvastatin and simvastatin hydroxy acid more accurately in serum from mice by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We minimized the time that the compounds were in aqueous solution, and buffered samples to a physiological pH value of 7.4. Limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.16 ng mL(-1) extract (1.3 ng mL(-1) serum) for simvastatin, and 8.3 ng mL(-1) extract (66 ng mL(-1) serum) for simvastatin hydroxy acid, respectively. No interconversion was observed, based on spike-and-recovery experiments of solutions containing both compounds. The method was applied using biological samples from mice challenged with house dust mite extract and simultaneously treated with subcutaneous simvastatin injection. Simvastatin hydroxy acid concentrations became significantly increased after a 2 week pre-treatment regime, whereas simvastatin concentrations were below the LOQ for all serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Bews
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9
| | - Jules C Carlson
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9
| | - Aruni Jha
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0J9; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 513-715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 3P4
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0J9; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 513-715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 3P4
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0J9; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 513-715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 3P4
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, 513-715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 3P4.
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Saber AL. A PVC Membrane Sensor for Potentiometric Determination of Atorvastatin in Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chegwin-Angarita C, Jeannette Nieto-Ramirez I, Diaz GJ, Rojas L. JR, Sepúlveda L, Atehortúa L. Evaluation of a method using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of statins in macromycetes of the genus Pleurotus cultivated by fermentation processes. Talanta 2013; 116:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Structural characterization of electrochemically and in vitro biologically generated oxidation products of atorvastatin using UHPLC/MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7181-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Multiple dosing of simvastatin inhibits airway mucus production of epithelial cells: implications in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway pathologies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:566-72. [PMID: 23474382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by mucus hyper-production. This pathology, together with other inflammatory contributions, leads to airway obstruction and breathing complications. Newer therapeutic approaches are of increased interest, including the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Retrospective studies have shown that statins are effective in reducing patient mortality and blood cytokines levels. These findings suggest statins may also provide a new therapeutic approach in COPD treatment. PURPOSE The aim of the present work was to study the transport of simvastatin (SV) across Calu-3 epithelial cells and to investigate its pharmacological action with respect to reduction in mucus production. METHODS Calu-3 cells were grown under liquid covered culture (LCC) conditions for transport studies in order to demonstrate the ability of SV to transport across the monolayer. For mucus detection, cells were grown under air interface culture (AIC) conditions. Samples collected for microscope analysis were stained with alcian blue; images of the stained cell surface were acquired and the mucus was quantified as the RGBB ratio. RESULTS SV was transported through the cell monolayer and 'retained' inside the Calu-3 cells. Colour analysis of stained Calu-3 monolayers microscope-images showed that chronic administration of SV for 14 days caused a significant inhibition in mucus production. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that local delivery of SV directly to the lungs may provide a promising treatment and potential disease management approach of COPD, with significant effects on mucus reduction.
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Crevar-Sakač M, Vujić Z, Brborić J, Kuntić V, Uskoković-Marković S. An improved HPLC method with the aid of a chemometric protocol: simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and its metabolites in plasma. Molecules 2013; 18:2469-82. [PMID: 23439563 PMCID: PMC6270013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize a chromatographic method for the analysis of atorvastatin (acid and lactone forms), ortho- and para-hydroxyatorvastatin by using an experimental design approach. Optimization experiments were conducted through a process of screening and optimization. The purpose of a screening design is to identify the factors that have significant effects on the selected chromatographic responses, and for this purpose a full 23 factorial design was used. The location of the true optimum was established by applying Derringer’s desirability function, which provides simultaneously optimization of all seven responses. The ranges of the independent variables used for the optimization were content of acetonitrile in mobile phase (60–70%), temperature of column (30–40 °C) and flow rate (0.8–1.2 mL min−1). The influences of these independent variables were evaluated for the output responses: retention time of first peak (p-hydroxyatorvastatin) and of last peak (atorvastatin, lactone form), symmetries of all four peaks and relative retention time of p-hydroxyatorvastatin. The primary goal of this investigation was establishing a new simple and sensitive method that could be used in analysis of biological samples. The method was validated and successfully applied for determination of atorvastatin (acid and lactone forms) and its metabolites in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkica Crevar-Sakač
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Zorica Vujić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Brborić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kuntić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
| | - Snežana Uskoković-Marković
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +381-11-395-1238; Fax: +381-11-297-2840
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Nováková L. Challenges in the development of bioanalytical liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with emphasis on fast analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1292:25-37. [PMID: 22999195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioanalytical methods has become more and more challenging over the past years due to very demanding requirements in terms of method reliability, sensitivity, speed of analysis and sample throughput. LC-MS/MS has established itself as a method of choice for routine analysis of biological materials. A development of such method consists of several steps including sample preparation and clean-up step, efficient chromatographic separation, sensitive and selective detection of analytes in complex matrices, a choice of convenient data processing and calibration approach and finally method validation. Each of these steps has its own constraints and challenges, which are discussed in detail in this review. Novel and modern approaches in sample preparation, chromatography and detection are especially emphasized. Attention is paid to proper calibration approach and matrix effects that can seriously affect method accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Goel A, Baboota S, Sahni JK, Srinivas KS, Gupta RS, Gupta A, Semwal VP, Ali J. Development and validation of stability-indicating assay method by UPLC for a fixed dose combination of atorvastatin and ezetimibe. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:222-8. [PMID: 22865836 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A stability-indicating ultra-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of a fixed dose combination of atorvastatin and ezetimibe in bulk drugs. The developed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous quantitative analysis of the combination drugs in tablet. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil Eternity C18 UHPLC column (2.5 µm, 2.1 × 50 mm) using a gradient elution of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.70; 0.01M) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with column oven temperature of 40°C. Ultraviolet detection was performed at 245 nm. Total run time was 5 min, within which the primary compounds and their degradation products were separated. The method was validated for accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness. Linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were established for atorvastatin and ezetimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
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Bhatia NM, Gurav SB, Jadhav SD, Bhatia MS. RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM, LOSARTAN POTASSIUM, ATENOLOL, AND ASPIRIN FROM TABLET DOSAGE FORM AND PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.601495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Eskiköy D, Durmuş Z, Kiliç E. Electrochemical oxidation of atorvastatin and its adsorptive stripping determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical behavior of atorvastatin (AT) and optimum conditions to its quantitative determination were investigated using voltammetric methods. Some electrochemical parameters such as diffusion coefficient, surface coverage of adsorbed molecules, electron transfer coefficient, standard rate constant and number of electrons were calculated using the results of cyclic voltammetry. A tentative mechanism for the oxidation for AT has been suggested. The oxidation signal of AT molecule was used to develop fully validated, new, rapid, selective and simple square-wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdsSWV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (AdsDPV) methods to direct determination of AT in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. For the AdsDPV and AdsSWV techniques, linear working ranges were found to be 1.0 × 10–7–5.0 × 10–6and 3.0 × 10–7–5.0 × 10–6mol l–1, respectively. The detection limits obtained from AdsDPV and AdsSWV were calculated to be 6.55 × 10–8and 1.53 × 10–7mol l–1, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to assay the drug in tablets, human blood serum and human urine.
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Kumar KK, Rao CK, Lakshmi MV, Mukkanti K. A Validated Stability Indicating RP-UPLC Method for Atrovastain Calcium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.35052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hotha KK, Yarramu NR, Kandibedala T, Dasari VB, Vobalaboina V. Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin and Glimepiride by LC-MS/MS in Human Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.38074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vlčková H, Solichová D, Bláha M, Solich P, Nováková L. Microextraction by packed sorbent as sample preparation step for atorvastatin and its metabolites in biological samples—Critical evaluation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Darwish IA, Al-Obaid ARM, Al-Malaq HA. Generation of a specific polyclonal antibody with high affinity to atorvastatin and its employment in the development of ELISA for determination of atorvastatin in plasma. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:57-69. [PMID: 21253970 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.538109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a polyclonal antibody with high affinity to atorvastatin (ATR) was generated. The high specificity of the antibody for ATR among its structural analogues and co-administered therapeutic agents was proved. The antibody was employed in the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of ATR in plasma. The assay was validated over a working range of 0.2-5 ng/mL. The intra- and interassay precisions were satisfactory; the coefficients of variations were ≤5%. The accuracy of the method was proved as the mean recovery was 96.4 ± 4.3%. The assay can be used in therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies for ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Ashour S, Bahbouh M, Khateeb M. A novel use of oxidative coupling reactions for determination of some statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) in pharmaceutical formulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:913-917. [PMID: 21237703 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
New, accurate and reliable spectrophotometric methods for the assay of three statin drugs, atorvastatin calcium (AVS), fluvastatin sodium (FVS) and pravastatin sodium (PVS) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations have been described. All methods involve the oxidative coupling reaction of AVS, FVS and PVS with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride monohydrate (MBTH) in the presence of Ce(IV) in an acidic medium to form colored products with λ(max) at 566, 615 and 664 nm, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the ranges of 2.0-20.0, 4.9-35.4 and 7.0-30.0 μg mL(-1) for AVS-MBTH, FVS-MBTH and PVS-MBTH, respectively. Molar absorptivities for the above three methods were found to be 3.24×10(4), 1.05×10(4) and 0.68×10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1), respectively. Statistical treatment of the experimental results indicates that the methods are precise and accurate. The proposed methods have been applied to the determination of the components in commercial forms with no interference from the excipients. A comparative study between the suggested procedures and the official methods for these compounds in the commercial forms showed no significant difference between the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Ashour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
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Determination of antihypertensive and anti-ulcer agents from surface water with solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 83:1447-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mornar A, Damić M, Nigović B. Separation, Characterization, and Quantification of Atorvastatin and Related Impurities by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003763624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Pioglitazone, Gliquidone, Rosuvastatin and Simvastatin in Formulations and Human Serum. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Malenović A, Jančić-Stojanović B, Ivanović D, Medenica M. FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF SIMVASTATIN USING MICROEMULSION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903574576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darko Ivanović
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Analysis , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Medenica
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Belgrade, Serbia
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Strategies for the on-line preconcentration and separation of hypolipidaemic drugs using micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:386-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of acidic, neutral and basic pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:622-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang J, Rodila R, Gage E, Hautman M, Fan L, King LL, Wu H, El-Shourbagy TA. High-throughput salting-out assisted liquid/liquid extraction with acetonitrile for the simultaneous determination of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in human plasma with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 661:167-72. [PMID: 20113731 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SS) is an effective cholesterol-lowering medicine, and is hydrolyzed to simvastatin acid (SSA) after oral administration. Due to SS and SSA inter-conversion and its pH and temperature dependence, SS and SSA quantitation is analytically challenging. Here we report a high-throughput salting-out assisted liquid/liquid extraction (SALLE) method with acetonitrile and mass spectrometry compatible salts for simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis of SS and SSA. The sample preparation of a 96-well plate using SALLE was completed within 20 min, and the SALLE extract was diluted and injected into an LC-MS/MS system with a cycle time of 2.0 min/sample. The seamless interface of SALLE and LC-MS eliminated drying down step and thus potential sample exposure to room or higher temperature. The stability of SS and SSA in various concentration ratios in plasma was evaluated at room and low (4 degrees C) temperature and the low temperature (4 degrees C) was found necessary to maintain sample integrity. The short sample preparation time along with controlled temperature (2-4 degrees C) and acidity (pH 4.5) throughout sample preparation minimized the conversion of SS-->SSA to < or = 0.10% and the conversion of SSA-->SS to 0.00% The method was validated with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.094 ng mL(-1) for both SS and SSA and a sample volume of 100 microL. The method was used for a bioequivalence study with 4048 samples. Incurred sample reproducibility (ISR) analysis of 362 samples from the study exceeded ISR requirement with 99% re-analysis results within 100+/-20% of the original analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Drug Analysis, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Hefnawy MM, Sultan M, Al-Johar H. Development of Capillary Electrophoresis Technique for Simultaneous Measurement of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin from Their Combination Drug Formulations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903320681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hefnawy
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Sultan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Al-Johar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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