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Parambil AM, Rajan S, Huang PC, Shashikumar U, Tsai PC, Rajamani P, Lin YC, Ponnusamy VK. Carbon and graphene quantum dots based architectonics for efficient aqueous decontamination by adsorption chromatography technique - Current state and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118541. [PMID: 38417656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems and potable water are being exploited and depleted due to urbanization and the encouragement of extensive industrialization, which induces the scarcity of pure water. However, current decontamination methods are limited and inefficient. Various innovative remediation strategies with novel nanomaterials have recently been demonstrated for wastewater treatment. Carbon dots (C-dots) and graphene quantum dots (GQ-dots) are the most recent frontiers in carbon nanomaterial-based adsorption studies. C-dots are extremely small (1-10 nm) quasi-spherical carbon nanoparticles (mostly sp3 hybridized carbon), whereas GQ-dots are fragments of graphene (1-20 nm) composed of primarily sp2 hybridized carbon. This article highlights the function of C-dots and GQ-dots with their specifications and characteristics for the efficient removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in water via adsorption chromatography. The alteration of adsorption attributes with the hybrid blending of these dots has been critically analyzed. Moreover, various top-down and bottom-up approaches for synthesizing C-dots and GQ-dots, which ultimately affect their morphology and structure, are described in detail. Finally, we review the research deficit in the adsorption of diverse pollutants, fabrication challenges, low molecular weight, self-agglomeration, and the future of the dots by providing research prospects and selectivity and sensitivity perspectives, the importance of post-adsorption optimization strategies and the path toward scalability at the tail of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Manayil Parambil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Uday Shashikumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067.
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
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Jyoti, Muñoz J, Pumera M. Quantum Material-Based Self-Propelled Microrobots for the Optical "On-the-Fly" Monitoring of DNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58548-58555. [PMID: 38078399 PMCID: PMC10750807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot-based materials have been found to be excellent platforms for biosensing and bioimaging applications. Herein, self-propelled microrobots made of graphene quantum dots (GQD-MRs) have been synthesized and explored as unconventional dynamic biocarriers toward the optical "on-the-fly" monitoring of DNA. As a first demonstration of applicability, GQD-MRs have been first biofunctionalized with a DNA biomarker (i.e., fluorescein amidite-labeled, FAM-L) via hydrophobic π-stacking interactions and subsequently exposed toward different concentrations of a DNA target. The biomarker-target hybridization process leads to a biomarker release from the GQD-MR surface, resulting in a linear alteration in the fluorescence intensity of the dynamic biocarrier at the nM range (1-100 nM, R2 = 0.99), also demonstrating excellent selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 0.05 nM. Consequently, the developed dynamic biocarriers, which combine the appealing features of GQDs (e.g., water solubility, fluorescent activity, and supramolecular π-stacking interactions) with the autonomous mobility of MRs, present themselves as potential autonomous micromachines to be exploited as highly efficient and sensitive "on-the-fly" biosensing systems. This method is general and can be simply customized by tailoring the biomarker anchored to the GQD-MR's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti
- Future
Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Muñoz
- Future
Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future
Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University
Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 4040, Taiwan
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Trojanowicz M. Impact of nanotechnology on progress of flow methods in chemical analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341643. [PMID: 37573121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In evolution of instrumentation for analytical chemistry as crucial technological breakthroughs should be considered a common introduction of electronics with all its progress in integration, and then microprocessors which was followed by a widespread computerization. It is seems that a similar role can be attributed to the introduction of various elements of modern nanotechnology, observed with a fast progress since beginning of this century. It concerns all areas of the applications of analytical chemistry, including also progress in flow analysis, which are being developed since the middle of 20th century. Obviously, it should not be omitted the developed earlier and analytically applied planar structures like lipid membranes or self-assembled monolayers They had essential impact prior to discoveries of numerous extraordinary nanoparticles such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene, or nanocrystalline semiconductors (quantum dots). Mostly, due to catalytic effects, significantly developed surface and the possibility of easy functionalization, their application in various stages of flow analytical procedures can significantly improve them. The application of new nanomaterials may be used for the development of new detection methods for flow analytical systems in macro-flow setups as well as in microfluidics and lateral flow immunoassay tests. It is also advantageous that quick flow conditions of measurements may be helpful in preventing unfavorable agglomeration of nanoparticles. A vast literature published already on this subject (e.g. almost 1000 papers about carbon nanotubes and flow-injection analytical systems) implies that for this reviews it was necessary to make an arbitrary selection of reported examples of this trend, focused mainly on achievements reported in the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland.
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Fang Y, Zhuo L, Yuan H, Zhao H, Zhang L. Construction of Graphene Quantum Dot-based Dissolving Microneedle Patches for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis. Int J Pharm 2023; 639:122945. [PMID: 37044225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis (BK) is an ophthalmic infection caused by bacteria and poses a risk of blindness. Numerous drugs have been used to treat BK, the majority suffered from limited effect owing to their backward antimicrobial and delivery efficacy. Herein, we evaluated the antibacterial effect of a cationic carbon-based nanomaterial, i.e., imidazole-modified graphene quantum dots (IMZ-GQDs), which exhibits disinfection rates of >90% against three typical Gram-positive strains within 3 h owing to the loss of membrane integrity and decline in membrane potential. For ocular application, we further developed IMZ-GQDs-loaded dissolving microneedle patches (IMZ-GQDs MNs) via a typical two-step micromolding method. IMZ-GQDs MNs showed sufficient dissolution and penetration for intrastromal delivery in vitro and successfully overcome the rabbit corneal epithelial layer in vivo. The excellent biocompatibility of IMZ-GQDs MNs was demonstrated both in cell and animal models, and they exhibited low cytotoxicity, low invasiveness and low ocular irritation. The topical application of IMZ-GQDs MNs has the benefits of both high antibacterial activity and effective drug delivery, thereby leading to the resolution of Staphylococcus aureus-induced BK in rabbits in 7 days. Therefore, IMZ-GQDs MNs is a promising approach for BK treatment, which is safe and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Fang
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou,Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou,Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou,Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou,Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou,Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China.
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Abdelaal SH, El-Kosasy AM, Abdelrahman MH. One-pot synthesis of N-doped carbon dots from microwave-irradiated egg white: application to raspberry ketone assay by photo-induced charge transfer fluorescence sensing. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn this article, we designed one-step economic eco-harmonious microwave-assisted procedure to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon dots. We selected egg white as a cheap glycoprotein-based carbon source without the assistance of any chemicals. The synthetic process requires only 3 min during which carbonization and nitrogen doping are realized at the same time. The fabricated carbon dots were characterized for particle size, structure and photoluminescence behaviour. The nanodots were amorphous carbon-rich naturally nitrogen-doped particles with plentiful attached hydrophilic functional groups. They had average particle size 2.98 ± 1.57 nm, emitted strong blue fluorescence and showed excitation-dependant emission behaviour. What is more, the practical use of this system for raspberry ketone determination in commercially available weight loss dietary supplement product is demonstrated successfully. In ethylene glycol medium, the addition of raspberry ketone enhances the emission intensity of the synthesized carbon dots. The effect of reaction time and solvent was investigated. After optimization, the intensity enhancement was linear to the amount of raspberry ketone added to the assay solution in the concentration range of 100–1000 ng/ml, with detection and quantitation limits of 15.10 and 45.45 ng/ml, respectively. The method was validated in accordance to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and further applied to raspberry ketone capsules showing excellent results.
Graphical abstract
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Nangare S, Patil S, Patil A, Deshmukh P, Patil P. Bovine serum albumin-derived poly-L-glutamic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots embedded UiO-66-NH2 MOFs as a fluorescence ‘On-Off-On’ magic gate for para-aminohippuric acid sensing. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang T, Yang F, Zhang L, Tang Z, Liu W, Zhong L, He Z, Chai S. Fluorescence Quenching and Highly Selective Adsorption of Ag + Using N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gold and Resource, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Zuobin Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Lvling Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Zhixian He
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi710055, China
| | - Shouning Chai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710049, China
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Efficiency of zero-dimensional and two-dimensional graphene architectural nanocomposites for organic transformations in the contemporary environment: a review. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9610332 DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Graphene derivatives-based nanocatalyst finds increasing utilisation in the catalysis field for organic transformations. Researchers have been working on the development of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots with metal or metal oxide nanocomposites over the last few years. These materials exhibit excellent electrical, catalytic, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties. In particular, GO/rGO/GQDs composites assisted by metal or metal oxides have attracted broad attention for their possible applications in organic compound synthesis, drug delivery, sensors, devices, and the related areas of the environment. In this review, we have summarised GO/rGO/GQDs-metal or metal oxide composites using catalyst for organic conversions and synthesis of organic compounds in accordance with the discussion on the key problems and prospects for future study. Furthermore, there is a significant function for the catalytic efficiency of composites assisted by metal or metal oxide nanocatalyst which is categorised by graphene derivatives bases.
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9
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Functionalized graphene quantum dots obtained from graphene foams used for highly selective detection of Hg2+ in real samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Easy, fast, and clean fluorescence analysis of tryptophan with clays and graphene/clay mixtures. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xu H, Zhou S, Fang W, Liu J, Lu M. Confined Mesospace Synthesis of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Direct H
2
O
2
Detection. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
| | - Shenghai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
| | - Wenbo Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University for Nationalities Chengde China
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Liu H, Fu T, Mao Y. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Materials for Adsorption and Detection of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14430-14456. [PMID: 35557654 PMCID: PMC9089359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The steady supply of uranium resources and the reduction or elimination of the ecological and human health hazards of wastewater containing uranium make the recovery and detection of uranium in water greatly important. Thus, the development of effective adsorbents and sensors has received growing attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possessing fascinating characteristics such as high surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore size, and luminescence have been widely used for either uranium adsorption or sensing. Now pertinent research has transited slowly into simultaneous uranium adsorption and detection. In this review, the progress on the research of MOF-based materials used for both adsorption and detection of uranium in water is first summarized. The adsorption mechanisms between uranium species in aqueous solution and MOF-based materials are elaborated by macroscopic batch experiments combined with microscopic spectral technology. Moreover, the application of MOF-based materials as uranium sensors is focused on their typical structures, sensing mechanisms, and the representative examples. Furthermore, the bifunctional MOF-based materials used for simultaneous detection and adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution are introduced. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives of MOF-based materials for uranium adsorption and detection to provide a useful inspiration and significant reference for further developing better adsorbents and sensors for uranium containment and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Liu
- School
of Nuclear Science and Technology, University
of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3105 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Tianyu Fu
- School
of Nuclear Science and Technology, University
of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuanbing Mao
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3105 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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Pourmadadi M, Soleimani Dinani H, Saeidi Tabar F, Khassi K, Janfaza S, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050269. [PMID: 35624570 PMCID: PMC9138779 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and there is a critical need for diagnostic platforms for applications in early cancer detection. The diagnosis of cancer can be made by identifying abnormal cell characteristics such as functional changes, a number of vital proteins in the body, abnormal genetic mutations and structural changes, and so on. Identifying biomarker candidates such as DNA, RNA, mRNA, aptamers, metabolomic biomolecules, enzymes, and proteins is one of the most important challenges. In order to eliminate such challenges, emerging biomarkers can be identified by designing a suitable biosensor. One of the most powerful technologies in development is biosensor technology based on nanostructures. Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been used for diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited significant performance with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and a wide detection range. In this review, the principle of technology, advances, and challenges in graphene-based biosensors such as field-effect transistors (FET), fluorescence sensors, SPR biosensors, and electrochemical biosensors to detect different cancer cells is systematically discussed. Additionally, we provide an outlook on the properties, applications, and challenges of graphene and its derivatives, such as Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), in early cancer detection by nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (M.P.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Homayoon Soleimani Dinani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| | - Fatemeh Saeidi Tabar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (M.P.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Kajal Khassi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;
| | - Sajjad Janfaza
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Bioactive Graphene Quantum Dots Based Polymer Composite for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030617. [PMID: 35160606 PMCID: PMC8839953 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, nanomedicine seeks to develop new polymer composites to overcome current problems in diagnosing and treating common diseases, especially cancer. To achieve this goal, research on polymer composites has expanded so that, in recent years, interdisciplinary collaborations between scientists have been expanding day by day. The synthesis and applications of bioactive GQD-based polymer composites have been investigated in medicine and biomedicine. Bioactive GQD-based polymer composites have a special role as drug delivery carriers. Bioactive GQDs are one of the newcomers to the list of carbon-based nanomaterials. In addition, the antibacterial and anti-diabetic potentials of bioactive GQDs are already known. Due to their highly specific surface properties, π-π aggregation, and hydrophobic interactions, bioactive GQD-based polymer composites have a high drug loading capacity, and, in case of proper correction, can be used as an excellent option for the release of anticancer drugs, gene carriers, biosensors, bioimaging, antibacterial applications, cell culture, and tissue engineering. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in using bioactive GQD-based polymer composites in drug delivery, gene delivery, thermal therapy, thermodynamic therapy, bioimaging, tissue engineering, bioactive GQD synthesis, and GQD green resuscitation, in addition to examining GQD-based polymer composites.
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15
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Kaimal R, Vinoth V, Shrikrishna Salunke A, Valdés H, Viswanathan Mangalaraja R, Aljafari B, Anandan S. Highly sensitive and selective detection of glutathione using ultrasonic aided synthesis of graphene quantum dots embedded over amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105868. [PMID: 34902816 PMCID: PMC8669454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in the majority of cells and tissues; and its use as a biomarker has been known for decades. In this study, a facile electrochemical method was developed for glutathione sensing using voltammetry and amperometry analyses. In this study, a novel glassy carbon electrode composed of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) embedded on amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) was synthesized. GQDs embedded on amine-functionalized SiNPs were physical-chemically characterized by different techniques that included high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The newly developed electrode exhibits a good response to glutathione with a wide linear range (0.5-7 µM) and a low detection limit (0.5 µM) with high sensitivity(2.64 µA µM-1). The fabricated GQDs-SiNPs/GC electrode shows highly attractive electrocatalytic activity towards glutathione detection in the neutral media at low potential due to a synergistic surface effect caused by the incorporation of GQDs over SiNPs. It leads to higher surface area and conductivity, improving electron transfer and promoting redox reactions. Besides, it provides outstanding selectivity, reproducibility, long-term stability, and can be used in the presence of interferences typically found in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kaimal
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Victor Vinoth
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India; Laboratorio de Technologίas Limpias, Facultad de Ingernierίa, Universidad Catόlica de la Santίsima Concepciόn, Concepciόn, Chile.
| | - Amol Shrikrishna Salunke
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Héctor Valdés
- Laboratorio de Technologίas Limpias, Facultad de Ingernierίa, Universidad Catόlica de la Santίsima Concepciόn, Concepciόn, Chile
| | - Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Coronel Industrial Park, Coronel, Chile
| | - Belqasem Aljafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
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Castro RC, Saraiva MLM, Santos JL, Ribeiro DS. Multiplexed detection using quantum dots as photoluminescent sensing elements or optical labels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Pinilla-Peñalver E, Soriano ML, Contento AM, Ríos Á. Cyclodextrin-modified graphene quantum dots as a novel additive for the selective separation of bioactive compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:440. [PMID: 34845524 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly reliable separation and determination of various biologically active compounds were achieved using capillary electrophoresis (CE) based on β-cyclodextrin-functionalized graphene quantum dots (βcd-GQDs) as the background electrolyte additive. βcd-GQDs improve the separation efficiency between peaks of all analytes. No addition of surfactants or organic solvents was needed in the running buffer containing βcd-GQDs. Up to eight consecutive runs were acquired with high precision for the separation of resveratrol, pyridoxine, riboflavin, catechin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, curcumin, and even of several of their structural analogs. Baseline separation was achieved within just 13 min as a result of the effective mobility of the analytes along the capillary owing to the differential interaction with the additive. The proposed analytical method displayed a good resolution of peaks for all species selecting two absorption wavelengths in the diode array detector. Detection limits lower than 0.28 µg mL-1 were found for all compounds and precision values were in the range of 2.1-4.0% in terms of the peak area of the analytes. The usefulness of the GQD-assisted selectivity-enhanced CE method was verified by the analysis of food and dietary supplements. The applicability to such complex matrices and the easy and low-cost GQD preparation open the door for routine analyses of food and natural products. The concept of using such a dual approach (macromolecules and nanotechnology) has been explored to tackle the separation of various bioactive compounds in nutritional supplements and food. Schematic illustration of the electrophoretic separation of the bioactive molecules in the capillary which is filled with the running solution without (top) and with βcd-GQDs (bottom). The fused silica capillary with negatively ionizable silanol groups at the wall. The voltage is applied at positive polarity at the outlet. R, riboflavin; r, resveratrol; P, pyridoxine; C, catechin; c, curcumin; A, ascorbic acid; Q, quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pinilla-Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research, IRICA, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Laura Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Contento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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18
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Lu H, Cui H, Duan D, Li L, Ding Y. A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on a nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dot and molybdenum carbide nanocomposite for indometacin determination. Analyst 2021; 146:7178-7186. [PMID: 34704987 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01665b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQDs) were embedded into Mo2C to prepare a nanocomposite with great electrical conductivity and a large specific surface area. We manufactured an innovative electrochemical sensor based on N-GOQDs-Mo2C and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the highly sensitive detection of indometacin (IDMC). The MIP was synthesized by electropolymerization using acrylamide as the functional monomer and IDMC as the template molecule. N-GOQDs-Mo2C was organized by an elementary hydrothermal approach and characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and FT-IR. In the first-rank experimental conditions, the MIP electrochemical sensor shows a wide linear range from 10-15 M to 10-5 M for IDMC detection and the detection limit is as low as 9.508 × 10-16 M. Additionally, the manufactured sensor shows great selectivity for indometacin, excellent repeatability and stableness. The sensor can be applied to the detection of indometacin in tablets and water samples with fulfilling consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Hanyue Cui
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Dingding Duan
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yaping Ding
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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19
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High-performance porphyrin-like graphene quantum dots for immuno-sensing of Salmonella typhi. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113334. [PMID: 34034211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary optical properties of porphyrins have inspired their applications in various fields. Herein, we introduce iron porphyrin bio-mimicked graphene quantum dots (Fe-N-GQDs) as a novel paramagnetic and fluorescent label. The Fe-N-GQD was prepared by the mechanochemical mixing of Fe, N, and C sources followed by pyrolysis at high-temperature and next, the solvothermal treatment was performed. The Fe-N sites in graphene matrix, the structural alterations during the solvothermal treatment, the optical properties, and paramagnetic behaviour were studied using FTIR, Raman and X-ray spectroscopies, and Vibrating sample magnetometer. The structural studies revealed that under solvothermal condition, Fe-N doped graphene sheets cut into ultra-small Fe-N-GQDs containing well-dispersed particles with an average diameter of about 2.5 nm. As a result of Fe-N doping, the photoluminescence quantum yield was enhanced to 86% and strong paramagnetic behaviour was observed. Due to the rich oxygen-containing groups at Fe-N-GQDs surface, it has proper sites for bio-conjugation. The bioconjugated Fe-N-GQDs serve as donors in a prominent fluorescence resonance energy transfer system, while graphene oxide acts as an acceptor. The proposed immunosensor was successfully applied for the detection of Salmonella Typhi Vi antigen in real human serum in the concentration range from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with the detection limit of 1 pg/mL.
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20
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Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Electrochemical Sensors: A Recent Survey. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been widely investigated in recent years due to their outstanding physicochemical properties. Their remarkable characteristics allied to their capability of being easily synthesized and combined with other materials have allowed their use as electrochemical sensing platforms. In this work, we survey recent applications of GQDs-based nanocomposites in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Firstly, the main characteristics and synthesis methods of GQDs are addressed. Next, the strategies generally used to obtain the GQDs nanocomposites are discussed. Emphasis is given on the applications of GQDs combined with distinct 0D, 1D, 2D nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), ionic liquids, as well as other types of materials, in varied electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting analytes of environmental, medical, and agricultural interest. We also discuss the current trends and challenges towards real applications of GQDs in electrochemical sensors.
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21
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Vercelli B, Donnini R, Ghezzi F, Sansonetti A, Giovanella U, La Ferla B. Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots obtained hydrothermally from citric acid and urea: The role of the specific nitrogen centers in their electrochemical and optical responses. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Raja IS, Lee JH, Hong SW, Shin DM, Lee JH, Han DW. A critical review on genotoxicity potential of low dimensional nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124915. [PMID: 33422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low dimensional nanomaterials (LDNMs) have earned attention among researchers as they exhibit a larger surface area to volume and quantum confinement effect compared to high dimensional nanomaterials. LDNMs, including 0-D and 1-D, possess several beneficial biomedical properties such as bioimaging, sensor, cosmetic, drug delivery, and cancer tumors ablation. However, they threaten human beings with the adverse effects of cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity when exposed for a prolonged time in industry or laboratory. Among different toxicities, genotoxicity must be taken into consideration with utmost importance as they inherit DNA related disorders causing congenital disabilities and malignancy to human beings. Many researchers have performed NMs' genotoxicity using various cell lines and animal models and reported the effect on various physicochemical and biological factors. In the present work, we have compiled a comparative study on the genotoxicity of the same or different kinds of NMs. Notwithstanding, we have included the classification of genotoxicity, mechanism, assessment, and affecting factors. Further, we have highlighted the importance of studying the genotoxicity of LDNMs and signified the perceptions, future challenges, and possible directives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Daan Korea Corporation, Seoul 06252, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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23
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Nuclease-assisted target recycling signal amplification strategy for graphene quantum dot-based fluorescent detection of marine biotoxins. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:118. [PMID: 33687572 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) is a major marine toxin from shellfish, and it is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). In this study, a highly sensitive and rapid aptamer assay was developed for STX detection by combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and nuclease-assisted target recycling signal amplification. The aptamer STX-41 conjugated with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was adsorbed on magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) to establish a fluorescence quenching system. Then, the binding between STX and aptamer induced the desorption of GQD-aptamer from MRGO and the restoring of fluorescence for the fluorescent determination of STX. The digestion of the target bound aptamer by DNase I could release the target for recycling thus achieving signal amplification. Under the optimized conditions, the aptamer assay showed a wide detection range (0.1-100 ng·mL-1), low detection limit (LOD of 0.035 ng·mL-1), high specificity, good recovery (86.75-94.08% in STX-spiked clam samples) and repeatability (RSD of 4.27-7.34%). Combined with fluorescent detection technology, signal amplification technology, and magnetic separation technology, the proposed method can be used to detect STX in seafood products successfully.
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24
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Zhu S, Bai X, Wang T, Shi Q, Zhu J, Wang B. One-step synthesis of fluorescent graphene quantum dots as an effective fluorescence probe for vanillin detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9121-9129. [PMID: 35423426 PMCID: PMC8695316 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes an easy bottom-up method for the synthesis of photoluminescent (PL) graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using citric acid as the carbon source. The obtained GQDs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The synthesised GQDs have an average diameter of 4.76 ± 0.96 nm, with a lattice spacing of 0.24 nm. The GQDs exhibit excitation-independent PL emission. The surface of the GQDs has a variety of functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, and ether groups etc.) to enhance its stability and water solubility. In this study, a fluorescent "on-off" sensor is developed for the selective detection of vanillin in chocolates using GQDs as a fluorescent probe. Under optimal conditions, fluorescence intensity of the GQDs has a good linear relationship with the vanillin concentration (0.0-2.1 × 10-5 mol L-1), with a limit of detection of 2.5 × 10-8 mol L-1. For detection in real samples, the percent recovery of vanillin and the relative standard deviation were 88.0-108.9% and 0.90-5.4%, respectively. Thus, this GQDs-based method has good accuracy and precision and can be used for vanillin detection in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Xuexue Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
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25
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Bensana A, Achi F. Analytical performance of functional nanostructured biointerfaces for sensing phenolic compounds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111344. [PMID: 32877829 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical biointerfaces are constructed with a wide range of nanomaterials and conducting polymers that strongly affect the analytical performance of biosensors. The analysis of progress toward electrochemical sensing platforms offers opportunities to provide devices for commercial use. The investigation of different methods for the synthesis of phenol biointerfaces leads to design challenges in the field of monitoring phenolic compounds. This paper review the innovative strategies and feature techniques in the construction of phenolic compound biosensors. The focus was made on the preparation methods of nanostructures and nanomaterials design for catalytic improvements of sensing interfaces. The paper also provides a comprehensive overview in the field of enzyme immobilization approaches at solid supports and technical formation of polymer nanocomposites, as well as applications of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites in phenolic biosensors. This review also highlights the recent progress in the electrochemical detection of phenolic compounds and summarizes analytical performance parameters including sensitivity, storage stability, limit of detection, linear range, and Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis. It also emphasizes advances from the past decade including technical challenges for the construction of suitable biointerfaces for monitoring phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Bensana
- Departement of Process Engineering, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques (LGPC), Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas University Sétif-1-, Setif, 19000, Algeria
| | - Fethi Achi
- Laboratory of Valorisation and Promotion of Saharian Ressources (VPSR), Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, 30000, Algeria.
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26
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Awaludin N, Abdullah J, Salam F, Ramachandran K, Yusof NA, Wasoh H. Fluorescence-based immunoassay for the detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice leaf. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113876. [PMID: 32750357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of rice bacterial leaf blight disease requires a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and quantitative approach that can be applied as an early detection monitoring tool in rice health. This paper highlights the development of a turn-off fluorescence-based immunoassay for the early detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a gram-negative bacterium that causes rice bacterial leaf blight disease. Antibodies against Xoo bacterial cells were produced as specific bio-recognition molecules and the conjugation of these antibodies with graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles was performed and characterized, respectively. The combination of both these bio-probes as a fluorescent donor and metal quencher led to changes in the fluorescence signal. The immunoreaction between AntiXoo-GQDs, Xoo cells, and AntiXoo-AuNPs in the immuno-aggregation complex led to the energy transfer in the turn-off fluorescence-based quenching system. The change in fluorescence intensity was proportional to the logarithm of Xoo cells in the range of 100-105 CFU mL-1. The limit of detection was achieved at 22 CFU mL-1 and the specificity test against other plant disease pathogens showed high specificity towards Xoo. The detection of Xoo in real plant samples was also performed in this study and demonstrated satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhafniza Awaludin
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Salam
- Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kogeethavani Ramachandran
- Paddy & Rice Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, MARDI Seberang Perai, Beg Berkunci No.203, Pejabat Pos Kepala Batas, 13200, Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Helmi Wasoh
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecule Science, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Zhang L, He L, Wang Q, Tang Q, Liu F. Theoretical and experimental studies of a novel electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer and GQDs-PtNPs nanocomposite. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Achadu OJ, Takemura K, Khoris IM, Park EY. Plasmonic/magnetic molybdenum trioxide and graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots-based fluoroimmunosensing system for influenza virus. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020; 321:128494. [PMID: 32834503 PMCID: PMC7313904 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic/plasmonic-assisted fluoro-immunoassay system is developed for the detection of influenza virus using magnetic-derivatized plasmonic molybdenum trioxide quantum dots (MP-MoO3 QDs) as the plasmonic/magnetic agent and fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (gCNQDs) as the monitoring probe. Specific antibody against influenza A virus was conjugated onto the surface of MP-MoO3 QDs and gCNQDs, respectively. In the presence of influenza A virus (as the test virus), a core-satellite immunocomplex is formed between the antibody-conjugated nanomaterials (Ab-MP-MoO3 QDs and Ab-gCNQDs) and their interaction resulted in the modulation and gradual enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of the detection probe with the influenza virus concentration-dependent increase. In addition, PL change without influenza A virus was not observed. Limits of detection of 0.25 and 0.9 pg/mL were achieved for Influenza virus A/New Caledonia (20/99/IVR/116) (H1N1) detection in deionized water and human serum, respectively. Clinically isolated influenza virus A/Yokohama (110/2009) (H3N2) was detected in the range of 45 - 25,000 PFU/mL, with a limit of detection ca 45 PFU/mL (as opposed to a minimum of 5000 PFU/mL for a commercial test kit). This developed biosensor provides a robust, sensitive as well as a selective platform for influenza virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojodomo J. Achadu
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenshin Takemura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Indra Memdi Khoris
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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29
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Tan YY, Yap PK, Xin Lim GL, Mehta M, Chan Y, Ng SW, Kapoor DN, Negi P, Anand K, Singh SK, Jha NK, Lim LC, Madheswaran T, Satija S, Gupta G, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Perspectives and advancements in the design of nanomaterials for targeted cancer theranostics. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109221. [PMID: 32768398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the most challenging diseases to be treated and is one of the leading causes of deaths around the globe. Cancers account for 13% of all deaths each year, with cancer-related mortality expected to rise to 13.1 million by the year 2030. Although, we now have a large library of chemotherapeutic agents, the problem of non-selectivity remains the biggest drawback, as these substances are toxic not only to cancerous cells, but also to other healthy cells in the body. The limitations with chemotherapy and radiation have led to the discovery and development of novel strategies for safe and effective treatment strategies to manage the menace of cancer. Researchers have long justified and have shed light on the emergence of nanotechnology as a potential area for cancer therapy and diagnostics, whereby, nanomaterials are used primarily as nanocarriers or as delivery agents for anticancer drugs due to their tumor targeting properties. Furthermore, nanocarriers loaded with chemotherapeutic agents also overcome biological barriers such as renal and hepatic clearances, thus improving therapeutic efficacy with lowered morbidity. Theranostics, which is the combination of rationally designed nanomaterials with cancer-targeting moieties, along with protective polymers and imaging agents has become one of the core keywords in cancer research. In this review, we have highlighted the potential of various nanomaterials for their application in cancer therapy and imaging, including their current state and clinical prospects. Theranostics has successfully paved a path to a new era of drug design and development, in which nanomaterials and imaging contribute to a large variety of cancer therapies and provide a promising future in the effective management of various cancers. However, in order to meet the therapeutic needs, theranostic nanomaterials must be designed in such a way, that take into account the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the drug for the development of effective carcinogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Ying Tan
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Khee Yap
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Griselda Loo Xin Lim
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sin Wi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Lay Cheng Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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30
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Pinilla-Peñalver E, Soriano ML, Durán GM, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Contento AM, Ríos Á. Discrimination between nanocurcumin and free curcumin using graphene quantum dots as a selective fluorescence probe. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:446. [PMID: 32676763 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate-controlled sized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been used as an analytical nanoprobe for detecting curcumin as a function of the photoluminescent quenching upon increasing concentrations of the analyte. Regarding the importance of curcumin nanoparticles in nutraceutical food, the analytical method described herein was also proven for the discrimination of curcumin remaining in free solution from that encapsulated into water-soluble nanomicelles of ca. 11 nm. This recognition is based on the displacement of GQD emission when interacting with both curcumin species. Maximum emission wavelength of GQDs suffers a gradual quenching as well as a red-shifting upon increasing concentrations of free curcumin (from 458 to 490 nm, exciting at 356 nm). On the other hand, in the presence of nanocurcumin, GQD photoluminescent response only displays a quenching effect (458/356 nm). The sensitivity of the described method in terms of detection limits was 0.3 and 0.1 μg mL-1 for curcumin and nanocurcumin, respectively. The applicability of the photoluminescent probe for the quantification and discrimination between both curcumin environments was demonstrated in nutraceutical formulations namely functional food capsules and fortified beverages such as ginger tea. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pinilla-Peñalver
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Laura Soriano
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gema M Durán
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eulogio J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana M Contento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Wang M, Tian B, Xue Y, Li R, Zhai T, Tan L. Determination of aminophylline based on fluorescence quenching of amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots induced by photoilluminated riboflavin-aminophylline system. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 235:118306. [PMID: 32247256 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on fluorescence spectroscopy for the sensitive determination of aminophylline (AP), an antiasthmatic drug, was developed in this work. Amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots (afGQDs) were synthesized based on a two-step method and they were characterized by transmission electron microscope, UV-vis absorption spectrum and infrared spectrum. The fluorescence of afGQDs was quenched by riboflavin (Rf) via both dynamic quenching and inner filter effect. Photoilluminated Rf-AP system in the presence of oxygen produced hydroxyl radicals (OH). The latter accepted electrons from afGQDs owing to a photo-induced electron transfer process and led to the further fluorescence decline. The changing extent of the fluorescence intensity was found to be proportional to the concentration of AP in the range of 0.10-10 μg mL-1 and the limit of detection arrived at 40 ng mL-1. The proposed method was successfully employed for the determination of AP in a pharmaceutical sample and the recovery rate varied in the range of 99%-106%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Bowen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
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32
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Zare Pirhaji J, Moeinpour F, Mirhoseini Dehabadi A, Yasini Ardakani SA. Experimental study and modelling of effective parameters on removal of Cd(II) from water by halloysite/graphene quantum dots magnetic nanocomposite as an adsorbent using response surface methodology. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Zare Pirhaji
- Department of Agriculture and Natural resources, Yazd BranchIslamic Azad University Yazd Iran
| | - Farid Moeinpour
- Department of Chemistry, Bandar Abbas BranchIslamic Azad University Bandar Abbas 7915893144 Iran
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Younis MR, He G, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32582629 PMCID: PMC7283876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Tadyszak K, Wychowaniec JK, Załęski K, Coy E, Majchrzycki Ł, Carmieli R. Tuning Properties of Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide Fibers upon Calcium Doping. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E957. [PMID: 32443522 PMCID: PMC7325576 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of two-dimensional graphene oxide sheets has been shown to influence physico-chemical properties of the final bulk structures. In particular, various graphene oxide microfibers remain of high interest in electronic applications due to their wire-like thin shapes and the ease of hydrothermal fabrication. In this research, we induced the internal ordering of graphene oxide flakes during typical hydrothermal fabrication via doping with Calcium ions (~6 wt.%) from the capillaries. The Ca2+ ions allowed for better graphene oxide flake connections formation during the hydrogelation and further modified the magnetic and electric properties of structures compared to previously studied aerogels. Moreover, we observed the unique pseudo-porous fiber structure and flakes connections perpendicular to the long fiber axis. Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and conductivity measurements confirmed the denser flake ordering compared to previously studied aerogels. These studies ultimately suggest that doping graphene oxide with Ca2+ (or other) ions during hydrothermal methods could be used to better control the internal architecture and thus tune the properties of the formed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Tadyszak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek K. Wychowaniec
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Karol Załęski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Łukasz Majchrzycki
- Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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Tade RS, Nangare SN, Patil AG, Pandey A, Deshmukh PK, Patil DR, Agrawal TN, Mutalik S, Patil AM, More MP, Bari SB, Patil PO. Recent Advancement in Bio-precursor derived graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Toxicological Perspective. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:292001. [PMID: 32176876 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), impressive materials with enormous future potential, are reviewed from their inception, including different precursors. Considering the increasing burden of industrial and ecological bio-waste, there is an urgency to develop techniques which will convert biowaste into active moieties of interest. Amongst the various materials explored, we selectively highlight the use of potential carbon containing bioprecursors (e.g. plant-based, amino acids, carbohydrates), and industrial waste and its conversion into GQDs with negligible use of chemicals. This review focuses on the effects of different processing parameters that affect the properties of GQDs, including the surface functionalization, paradigmatic characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility issues of bioprecursor derived GQDs. This review also examines current challenges and s the ongoing exploration of potential bioprecursors for ecofriendly GQD synthesis for future applications. This review sheds further light on the electronic and optical properties of GQDs along with the effects of doping on the same. This review may aid in future design approaches and applications of GQDs in the biomedical and materials design fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tade
- H R Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
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Tadyszak K, Musiał A, Ostrowski A, Wychowaniec JK. Unraveling Origins of EPR Spectrum in Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E798. [PMID: 32326319 PMCID: PMC7221827 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures are utilized in a plethora of applications ranging from biomedicine to electronics. Particularly interesting are carbon nanostructured quantum dots that can be simultaneously used for bimodal therapies with both targeting and imaging capabilities. Here, magnetic and optical properties of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) prepared by the top-down technique from graphene oxide and obtained using the Hummers' method were studied. Graphene oxide was ultra-sonicated, boiled in HNO3, ultra-centrifuged, and finally filtrated, reaching a mean flake size of ~30 nm with quantum dot properties. Flake size distributions were obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after consecutive preparation steps. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed that GOQDs were still oxidized after the fabrication procedure. Magnetic and photoluminescence measurements performed on the obtained GOQDs revealed their paramagnetic behavior and broad range optical photoluminescence around 500 nm, with magnetic moments of 2.41 µB. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to separate the unforeseen contributions and typically not taken into account metal contaminations, and radicals from carbon defects. This study contributes to a better understanding of magnetic properties of carbon nanostructures, which could in the future be used for the design of multimodal imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Tadyszak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Musiał
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Ostrowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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Zhang L, Ying Y, Li Y, Fu Y. Integration and synergy in protein-nanomaterial hybrids for biosensing: Strategies and in-field detection applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Electrode modified with graphene quantum dots supported in chitosan for electrochemical methods and non-linear deconvolution of spectra for spectrometric methods: approaches for simultaneous determination of triclosan and methylparaben. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:250. [PMID: 32222835 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two analytical methods were developed using electrochemical and spectrometric techniques for the simultaneous determination of endocrine disruptors triclosan and methylparaben in the monitoring of personal care products. For the electroanalytical analyses, a sensitive electrode based on graphene quantum dots supported in chitosan was employed. Under optimized conditions and a working potential of typically + 0.60 V for triclosan and + 0.81 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for methylparaben, the calibration plots obtained by differential pulse voltammetry were linear in the range 0.10 to 10.0 μmol L-1. The detection limits were 0.03 and 0.04 μmol L-1 for triclosan and methylparaben, respectively. For the spectrometric method, UV/VIS spectrometry was used with a mathematical processing of non-linear deconvolution. This processing was used to solve the problem of overlapping absorption bands of triclosan (282 nm) and methylparaben (257 nm), which enabled simultaneous determination. The calibration plots by UV/VIS spectrometry were linear in the range 1.0 to 14.0 μmol L-1 with detection limits of 0.42 and 0.37 μmol L-1, respectively, for triclosan and methylparaben. Similar results obtained from the calibration plots of individual analytes suggest that the methods can be applied for individual or simultaneous determination of these species. Both methods were employed in the analysis of five samples of personal care products: toothpaste, antiseptic soap, antiseptic deodorant, shampoo, and a bath kit (soap and shampoo). The statistical tests indicated that there were no significant differences regarding the accuracy and precision of the data provided by the two methods described herein. Graphical abstract Schematic representation for simultaneous determination of triclosan and methylparaben: electrochemical method employing an electrode modified with graphene quantum dots supported in chitosan and spectrometric method applying a non-linear deconvolution of spectrum.
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Zare Pirhaji J, Moeinpour F, Mirhoseini Dehabadi A, Yasini Ardakani SA. Synthesis and characterization of halloysite/graphene quantum dots magnetic nanocomposite as a new adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from water. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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S. A. N, P. B. C. F. Development of a turn-on graphene quantum dot-based fluorescent probe for sensing of pyrene in water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12119-12128. [PMID: 35497633 PMCID: PMC9050712 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially harmful pollutants that are emitted into the environment from a range of sources largely due to incomplete combustion. The potential toxicity and carcinogenic effects of these compounds warrants the development of rapid and cost-effective methods for their detection. This work reports on the synthesis and use of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as rapid fluorescence sensors for detecting PAHs in water. The GQDs were prepared from two sources, i.e. graphene oxide (GO) and citric acid (CA) – denoted GO-GQDs and CA-GQDs, respectively. Structural and optical properties of the GQDs were studied using TEM, Raman, and fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The GQDs were then applied for detection of pyrene in environmental water samples based on a “turn-off-on” mechanism where ferric ions were used for turn-off and pyrene for turn-on of fluorescence emission. The fluorescence intensity of both GQDs was switched on linearly within the 2–10 × 10−6 mol L−1 range and the limits of detection were found to be 0.325 × 10−6 mol L−1 and 0.242 × 10−6 mol L−1 for GO-GQDs and CA-GQDs, respectively. Finally, the potential application of the sensor for environmental water samples was investigated using lake water and satisfactory recoveries (97–107%) were obtained. The promising results from this work demonstrate the feasibility of pursuing cheaper and greener environmental monitoring techniques. Graphene quantum dots provide a more environmentally friendly fluorescence sensor for pyrene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nsibande S. A.
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Forbes P. B. C.
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
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41
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Mishra P, Bhat BR. Aggregative ways of graphene quantum dots with nitrogen-rich edges for direct emission spectrophotometric estimation of glucose. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117325. [PMID: 31280127 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile one step in-situ synthesis of amino-functionalized graphene dots. These quantum dots were employed for the detection of glucose in both standard aqueous solutions and commercially available fruit juice to assess its practicability. The characterization of the quantum dots revealed that they were decorated with amine functionality. Additionally, the interaction between glucose and amine functionalized graphene quantum dots gave enhancement in the UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) due to aggregation of quantum dots via glucose link. Therefore, the quantum dots were able to detect the concentration of glucose in solution exhibiting linearity from 0.1 to 10 mM and 50-500 mM with a sensitivity transition from 10 mM to 50 mM. The limit of detection for the determination of glucose was found to be 10 μM. This determination was agreed from both UV-Vis absorption and PL spectroscopy. However, the PL emission method of determination was most suited with its very high accuracy of 98.04 ± 1.96% and 97.33 ± 2.67% for the linear range of glucose concentration within 0.1-10 mM and 50-500 mM, respectively. The PL enhancement was highly selective towards glucose in mixture of other form of sugars making it suitable for determining glucose in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Mishra
- Catalysis and Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Badekai Ramachandra Bhat
- Catalysis and Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, Karnataka, India.
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42
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Recycling Oxacillin Residues from Environmental Waste into Graphene Quantum Dots. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Of great concern are the residual antibiotics from dirt that can be found in farm soil and wastewater. This kind of emerging pollutant into engineered nanomaterials is riveting. This work proposes the elimination and transformation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, oxacillin, from environmental waste to graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Two protocols were followed in which the use of ethylenediamine (EDA) in the transformation leads to GQDs with excellent optical properties. Therefore, two types of GQDs were synthesized in a Teflon-lined stainless autoclave by a thermal procedure using oxacillin in the absence and presence of EDA. The ensuing e-GQDs from oxacillin and EDA display a stronger fluorescence emission in comparison to those synthesized without EDA (o-GQDs). The combination of Kaiser test analyses, infrared (IR) and Raman measurements revealed the presence of oxygen-containing groups and primary amines at the edges of the graphitic nanolayer for e-GQDs. This straightforward strategy brings hope and opens a new interest in waste recycling by means of extracting residual contaminants from the environment for their further transformation into adequate non-toxic graphitic nanomaterials with potential applications.
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Mishra P, Bhat BR. A study on the electro-reductive cycle of amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots immobilized on graphene oxide for amperometric determination of oxalic acid. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:646. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun H, Wang M, Nan Y, Han M, Lu H. The Kinetics and Mechanisms for Photodegradation of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Lettuce Leaf Surfaces: An In Vivo Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8452-8458. [PMID: 31294967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the environmental fates of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in edible vegetables are of great significance for better evaluating human exposure to NPAHs through the dietary pathway. In this work, a fluorescence quenching method using graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent probe was first applied for the in vivo determination of 9-nitroanthracene (9-NAnt) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NPyr) adsorbed on the leaf surfaces of living lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Moreover, the photolysis kinetics and mechanisms of the two adsorbed NPAHs were discussed. The photodegradation kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order equation, and the photodegradation half-life of 1-NPyr (7.4 ± 0.2 h) was greater than that of 9-NAnt (2.3 ± 0.1 h). Anthraquinone and pyrenediones were identified to be the main photolytic products of 9-NAnt and 1-NPyr, respectively. Intramolecular rearrangement was the most reasonable mechanism for the NPAH photolysis. The photolysis-driven degradation exhibited a key role in scavenging NPAHs from the vegetable leaf, indicating the reduction of NPAH transportation in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province , Taiyuan 030031 , P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
| | - Yanli Nan
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
| | - Ming Han
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P. R. China
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Mishra P, Bhat BR. Calcium‐Induced Photoluminescence Quenching of Graphene Quantum Dots in Hard Water: A Quick Turn‐Off Sensing Approach. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Mishra
- Catalysis and Materials LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Mangalore 575025 India
| | - Badekai Ramachandra Bhat
- Catalysis and Materials LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Mangalore 575025 India
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Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhang J. Novel bimetallic Cu/Ni core-shell NPs and nitrogen doped GQDs composites applied in glucose in vitro detection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220005. [PMID: 31329618 PMCID: PMC6645669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In present work, a highly sensitive biosensor with high selectivity for glucose monitoring is developed based on novel nano-composites of nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and a novel bimetallic Cu/Ni core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) (Cu@Ni CSNPs/N-GQDs NCs). With the tuned electronic properties, N-GQDs helped bimetallic core-shell structure nanomaterials from aggregation, and separate the charges generated at the interface. This novel nano-composites also have the good electrical conductivity of N-GQDs, catalyst property of Cu/Ni bimetallic nano composite, Cu@Ni core-shell structure and the synergistic effect of the interaction between bimetallic nano composite and N-GQDs. While modified the electrode with this novel nano-composites, the sensor' linear range is 0.09 ~ 1 mM, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 1.5 μM (S/N = 3) with a high sensitivity of 660 μA mM-1 cm-2, and rapid response time (3 s). Its' LOD is more than 74 times lower than the traditional Cu@Ni CSNPs modified working electrode. It also has higher sensitivity and wider linear range. This indicates the great potential of applying this kind of nano composites in electrode modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Guangxi Key Lab for Informational Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zheling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Guangxi Key Lab for Informational Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Guangxi Key Lab for Informational Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
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47
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Simultaneous detection of iodide and mercuric ions by nitrogen-sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots based on flow injection “turn off-on” chemiluminescence analysis system. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Lahouidak S, Soriano ML, Salghi R, Zougagh M, Ríos Á. Graphene quantum dots for enhancement of fluorimetric detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis for detection of ofloxacin. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2336-2341. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Lahouidak
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA) Ciudad Real Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food TechnologyFaculty of Chemical Science and TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
- Laboratoire d'Ingénieries des Procédés de l'Energie et de l'EnvironnementENSA Agadir Morocco
| | - M. Laura Soriano
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA) Ciudad Real Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food TechnologyFaculty of Chemical Science and TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Castilla–La Mancha Albacete Spain
| | - Rachid Salghi
- Laboratoire d'Ingénieries des Procédés de l'Energie et de l'EnvironnementENSA Agadir Morocco
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA) Ciudad Real Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food TechnologyFaculty of Chemical Science and TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Castilla–La Mancha Albacete Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA) Ciudad Real Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food TechnologyFaculty of Chemical Science and TechnologyUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
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49
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Safardoust-Hojaghan H, Amiri O, Hassanpour M, Panahi-Kalamuei M, Moayedi H, Salavati-Niasari M. S,N co-doped graphene quantum dots-induced ascorbic acid fluorescent sensor: Design, characterization and performance. Food Chem 2019; 295:530-536. [PMID: 31174792 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, new detection route for ascorbic acid was designed. First, highly luminescent sulfur and nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (S,N-GQDs) were prepared via simple hydrothermal method using citric acid and thiourea as the C, N and S sources respectively. The prepared S,N-GQDs are characterized by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR, EDS and PL. Investigations showed that prepared S,N-GQDs have a good photostability and excitation-dependent emission fluorescence. Prepared S,N-GQDs showed maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength at 400 and 462 nm, respectively. In the following, prepared S,N-GQDs were applied as a photoluminescence probe for detection of ascorbic acid (AA). The designed sensor was based on "off-on" detection mode. The developed sensor had a linear response to AA over a concentration range of 10-500 μM with a detection limit of 1.2 μM. The regression equation is Y = 0.0014 X + 1.2036, where Y and X denote the fluorescence peak intensity and AA concentration, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Amiri
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Hassanpour
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Panahi-Kalamuei
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Iran
| | - Hossein Moayedi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Masoud Salavati-Niasari
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Iran.
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50
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Şenel B, Demir N, Büyükköroğlu G, Yıldız M. Graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, characterization, cell viability, genotoxicity for biomedical applications. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:846-858. [PMID: 31516327 PMCID: PMC6733895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and applications of a novel N-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using hydrothermal reaction between citric acid and p-aminophenol. The synthesized N-doped GQDs have been characterized physico-chemically and evaluated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, DNA binding and cleavage activities. siRNA loading studies were performed and their effects on cells were evaluated. Obtained results indicate that monodisperse solution of N-doped GQDs has been obtained with particles size ca. ∼10.9 ± 1.3 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy studies of the interactions between the N-doped GQDs and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) showed that the compound interact with CT-DNA via both intercalative and electrostatic binding. The DNA cleavage study showed that the N-doped GQDs cleaved DNA without any external agents. The antioxidant activity of N-doped GQDS was very active when compared to BHT. As the concentration of the compound increased, the antioxidant activity also increased. Cell viability assay demonstrated that the Ndoped GQDs showed cell viability (70%) when the concentration reached 200 μg/mL for A549 and also MDA-MB-231, 150 μg/mL for NIH-3T3 cell lines at 24 h incubation. N-doped GQDs were coated with Eudragit RS 100 and EphA2-siRNA was loaded. As a result of the studies on these formulations, it was concluded that there may be significant effects on A549 cells. The microscopy results revealed that N-doped GQDs was quickly internalized into the cell. Our novel N-doped-GQDs with siRNA are candidate for in situ tumor suppression via DNA and mRNA breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behiye Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, TR-26470 Tepebaşı-Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Gülay Büyükköroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, TR-26470 Tepebaşı-Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.,Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey
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