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Shvalya V, Olenik J, Vengust D, Zavašnik J, Štrbac J, Modic M, Baranov O, Cvelbar U. Nanosculptured tungsten oxide: High-efficiency SERS sensor for explosives tracing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135171. [PMID: 39002481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid identification of explosives and their toxic by-products is an important aspect of safety protocols, forensic investigations and pollution studies. Herein, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is used to detect different explosive molecules using an improved substrate design by controllable oxidation of the tungsten surface and deposition of Au layers. The resulting furrow-like morphology formed at the intersection of the tungsten Wulff facets increases nanoroughness and improves the SERS response by over 300 % compared to the untreated surface. The substrate showed excellent reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of less than 15 % and a signal recovery of over 95 % after ultrafast Ar/O2 plasma cleanings. The detection limit for the "dried on a surface" measurement case was better than 10-8 M using the moving scanning regime and an acquisition time of 10 s, while for the "water droplets on a surface" scenario the LoD is 10-7, which is up to 2 orders of magnitude better than the UV-Vis spectroscopy method. The substrates were successfully used to classify the molecular fingerprints of HMX, Tetryl, TNB and TNT, demonstrating the efficiency of a sensor for label-free SERS screening in the practice of monitoring traces of explosives in the water medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Shvalya
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jaka Olenik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Damjan Vengust
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Zavašnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jelena Štrbac
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Modic
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Oleg Baranov
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Plasma Laboratory, National Aerospace University, Kharkov, Ukraine.
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Sharma B, Gadi R. Analytical Tools and Methods for Explosive Analysis in Forensics: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37934616 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2274927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes (i) compositions and types of improvised explosive devices; (ii) the process of collection, extraction and analysis of explosive evidence encountered in explosive and related cases; (iii) inter-comparison of analytical techniques; (iv) the challenges and prospects of explosive detection technology. The highlights of this study include extensive information regarding the National & International standards specified by USEPA, ASTM, and so on, for explosives detection. The holistic development of analytical tools for explosive analysis ranging from conventional methods to advanced analytical tools is also covered in this article. The most important aspect of this review is to make forensic scientists familiar with the challenges during explosive analysis and the steps to avoid them. The problems during analysis can be analyte-based, that is, interferences due to matrix or added molding/stabilizing agents, trace amount of parent explosives in post-blast samples and many more. Others are techniques-based challenges viz. specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity of the technique. Thus, it has become a primary concern to adopt rapid, field deployable, and highly sensitive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, India
| | - Ranu Gadi
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, India
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3
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Yang L, Ma J, Yang B. Fluorescent Carbon Dots Derived From Soy Sauce for Picric Acid Detection and Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1981-1993. [PMID: 36933123 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Picric acid (PA) is a powerful nitro-aromatic explosive that harms the environment and human health. Developing non-toxic and low-cost sensors for the rapid detection of PA is essential. An environment-friendly fluorescent probe for PA detection is designed based on carbon dots (CDs) directly separated from edible soy sauce by silica gel column chromatography. Neither organic reagents nor heating process was needed to prepare CDs. The obtained CDs exhibit bright blue fluorescence, good water solubility, and photostability. The fluorescent probe for PA was developed according to the CD's fluorescence can be significantly quenched via the inner filter effect between CDs and PA. The linear range was 0.2-24 µM with a limit of detection of 70 nM. This proposed method was successfully employed to detect PA in the real water samples with satisfactory recoveries between 98.0-104.0%. Moreover, the CDs were suitable for fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells owing to their low toxicity and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, 741001, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, 741001, Tianshui, Gansu, China.
| | - Benqun Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, 741001, Tianshui, Gansu, China
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4
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Liu X, Liang W, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhang M. 3D printed cartridge for high-speed capillary electrophoresis with sheath liquid thermostatting and contactless conductivity detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1264:341235. [PMID: 37230716 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) method is a technique that utilizes a high electric field strength applied through a short capillary to reduce the time required for sample separation. However, the increased electric field strength may result in pronounced Joule heating effects. To address this, we describe a 3D-printed cartridge with integrated contactless conductivity detection (C4D) head and a sheath liquid channel. The C4D electrodes and Faraday shield layers are fabricated by casting Wood's metal in chambers inside the cartridge. Effective thermostatting of the short capillary is achieved by flowing Fluorinert liquid, which provides better heat dissipation compared to airflow. A HSCE device is created by using the cartridge and a modified slotted-vial array sample-introduction approach. Analytes are introduced through electrokinetic injection. With the help of sheath liquid thermostatting, background electrolyte concentration can be increased to several hundred mM, resulting in improved sample stacking and peak resolutions. Additionally, the baseline signal is flattened. Typical cations such as NH4+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Li+, and Ca2+ can be separated within 22 s with an applied field strength of 1200 V/cm. The limit of detection ranges from 2.5 to 4.6 μM with a relative standard deviation of migration times of 1.1-1.2% (n = 17). The method has been applied to detect cations in drinking water and black tea leaching for drink safety testing, and to identify explosive anions in paper swabs. Samples can be directly injected without the need for dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Wenshan Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Yiyu Jiang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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5
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Novel developments in capillary electrophoresis miniaturization, sampling, detection and portability: An overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Amaral M, Hatten E, Gibson A, Morgan R. The impact of force, time, and rotation on the transfer of ammonium nitrate: A reductionist approach to understanding evidence dynamics. Sci Justice 2022; 62:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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7
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Tanwar A, Parui R, Garai R, Chanu MA, Iyer PK. Dual "Static and Dynamic" Fluorescence Quenching Mechanisms Based Detection of TNT via a Cationic Conjugated Polymer. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:23-30. [PMID: 36785591 PMCID: PMC9838727 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A rare combination of dual static and dynamic fluorescence quenching mechanisms is reported, while sensing the nitroexplosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) in water by a cationic conjugated copolymer PFPy. Since the fluorophore PFPy interacts with TNT in both ground state as well as the excited states, a greater extent of interaction is facilitated between PFPy and the TNT, as a result of which the magnitude of the signal is amplified remarkably. The existence of these collective sensing mechanisms provides additional advantages to the sensing process and enhances the sensing parameters, such as LoD and highly competitive sensing processes in natural water bodies irrespective of the pH and at ambient conditions. These outcomes involving dual sensing mechanistic pathways expand the scope of developing efficient sensing probes for toxic chemical analyte and biomarker detection, preventing environmental pollution and strengthening security at sensitive locations while assisting in early diagnosis of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin
Sain Tanwar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Retwik Parui
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Rabindranath Garai
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Moirangthem Anita Chanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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8
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Krauss ST, Forbes TP, Jobes D. Inorganic oxidizer detection from propellants, pyrotechnics, and homemade explosive powders using gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:279-288. [PMID: 33196125 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in rapid targeted chemical analysis of homemade and improvised explosive devices is critical for the identification of explosives-based hazards and threats. Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), a robust electrokinetic separation technique, was employed for the separation and detection of common inorganic oxidizers from frequently encountered fuel-oxidizer mixtures. The GEMBE system incorporated sample and run buffer reservoirs, a short capillary (5 cm), an applied electric field, and a pressure-driven counterflow. GEMBE provided a separation format that allowed for continuous injection of sample, selectivity of analytes, and no sample cleanup or filtration prior to analysis. Nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate oxidizers were successfully detected from low explosive propellants (e.g., black powders and black powder substitutes), pyrotechnics (e.g., flash powder), and tertiary explosive mixtures (e.g., ammonium nitrate- and potassium chlorate-based fuel-oxidizer mixtures). Separation of these mixtures exhibited detection without interference from a plethora of additional organic and inorganic fuels, enabled single particle analysis, and demonstrated semiquantitative capabilities. The bulk counterflow successfully excluded difficult components from fouling the capillary, yielding estimated limits of detection down to approximately 10 μmol/L. Finally, nitrate was separated and detected from postblast debris collected and directly analyzed from two nitrate-based charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon T Krauss
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Dillon Jobes
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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9
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Zhang L, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Li Y, Song G, Huang K, Yao Z. Visual sensing of picric acid in 100% aqueous media based on supramolecular polythiophene assemblies with colorimetric and fluorescent dual response. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Krauss ST, Forbes TP, Lawrence JA, Gillen G, Verkouteren JR. Detection of fuel‐oxidizer explosives utilizing portable capillary electrophoresis with wipe‐based sampling. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1482-1490. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon T. Krauss
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Thomas P. Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Lawrence
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Greg Gillen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
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11
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Abstract
This work comprehensively reviews some fundamental concepts about explosives and their two commonly used classifications based on either their velocity of detonation or their application. These classifications are highly useful in the military/legal field, but completely useless for the chemical determination of explosives. Because of this reason, a classification of explosives based on their chemical composition is comprehensively revised, discussed and updated. This classification seeks to merge those dispersed chemical classifications of explosives found in literature into a unique general classification, which might be useful for every researcher dealing with the analytical chemical identification of explosives. In the knowledge of the chemical composition of explosives, the most adequate analytical techniques to determine them are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Zapata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); and CINQUIFOR# research group, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, (Madrid) 28871, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); and CINQUIFOR# research group, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, (Madrid) 28871, Spain
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12
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Jones J, Ha NS, Barajas AG, Chatziioannou AF, van Dam RM. Integration of High-Resolution Radiation Detector for Hybrid Microchip Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3483-3491. [PMID: 31986878 PMCID: PMC7410349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For decades, there has been immense progress in miniaturizing analytical methods based on electrophoresis to improve sensitivity and to reduce sample volumes, separation times, and/or equipment cost and space requirements, in applications ranging from analysis of biological samples to environmental analysis to forensics. In the field of radiochemistry, where radiation-shielded laboratory space is limited, there has been great interest in harnessing the compactness, high efficiency, and speed of microfluidics to synthesize short-lived radiolabeled compounds. We recently proposed that analysis of these compounds could also benefit from miniaturization and have been investigating capillary electrophoresis (CE) and hybrid microchip electrophoresis (hybrid-MCE) as alternatives to the typically used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We previously showed separation of the positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine (FLT) from its impurities in a hybrid-MCE device with UV detection, with similar separation performance to HPLC, but with improved speed and lower sample volumes. In this paper, we have developed an integrated radiation detector to enable measurement of the emitted radiation from radiolabeled compounds. Though conventional radiation detectors have been incorporated into CE systems in the past, these approaches cannot be readily integrated into a compact hybrid-MCE device. We instead employed a solid-state avalanche photodiode (APD)-based detector for real-time, high-sensitivity β particle detection. The integrated system can reliably separate [18F]FLT from its impurities and perform chemical identification via coinjection with nonradioactive reference standard. This system can quantitate samples with radioactivity concentrations as low as 114 MBq/mL (3.1 mCi/mL), which is sufficient for analysis of radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jones
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of
Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Physics & Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental
Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Noel S. Ha
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of
Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of
Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
CA 90095, USA
| | - Alec G. Barajas
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of
Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arion F. Chatziioannou
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of
Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Physics & Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental
Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology,
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R. Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of
Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Physics & Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental
Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of
Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology,
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Liu R, Li Z, Huang Z, Li K, Lv Y. Biosensors for explosives: State of art and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Gaiffe G, Cole RB, Sonnette A, Floch N, Bridoux MC. Identification of Postblast Residues by DART-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the Kendrick Mass Defect. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8093-8100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gaiffe
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - Richard B. Cole
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Floch
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
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15
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Kubáň P, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Capillary electrophoresis of small ions and molecules in less conventional human body fluid samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:1-26. [PMID: 31196414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advances in sensitive analytical techniques have encouraged the analysis of various compounds in biological fluids. While blood serum, blood plasma and urine still remain the golden standards in clinical, toxicological and forensic science, analyses of other body fluids, such as breast milk, exhaled breath condensate, sweat, saliva, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or capillary blood in form of dried blood spots are becoming more popular. This review article focuses on capillary electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis of small ions and molecules (e.g. inorganic cations/anions, basic/acidic drugs, small acids/bases, amino acids, peptides and other low molecular weight analytes) in various less conventional human body fluids and hopes to stimulate further interest in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Sadowski R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Recent Developments in the Separation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Anticoagulants. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:166-176. [PMID: 28982317 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171005114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The general function of anticoagulants is to prevent blood clotting and growing of the existing clots in blood vessels. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in developing methods of prevention as well as pharmacologic and surgical treatment of thrombosis. For over the last two decades, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have found their application in the antithrombotic diseases treatment. These types of drugs are widely used in clinical therapy. Despite the biological and medical importance of LMWHs, they have not been completely characterized in terms of their chemical structure. Due to both, the structural complexity of these anticoagulants and the presence of impurities, their structural characterization requires the employment of advanced analytical techniques. Since separation techniques play the key role in these endeavors, this review will focus on the presentation of recent developments in the separation of LMWH anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Sadowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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17
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Moini M. Applications of liquid-based separation in conjunction with mass spectrometry to the analysis of forensic evidence. Electrophoresis 2018. [PMID: 29529344 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been a significant effort by the forensic science community to develop new scientific techniques for the analysis of forensic evidence. Forensic chemists have been spearheaded to develop information-rich confirmatory technologies and techniques and apply them to a broad array of forensic challenges. The purpose of these confirmatory techniques is to provide alternatives to presumptive techniques that rely on data such as color changes, pattern matching, or retention time alone, which are prone to more false positives. To this end, the application of separation techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry has played an important role in the analysis of forensic evidence. Moreover, in the past few years the role of liquid separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectrometry, has gained significant tractions and have been applied to a wide range of chemicals, from small molecules such as drugs and explosives, to large molecules such as proteins. For example, proteomics and peptidomics have been used for identification of humans, organs, and bodily fluids. A wide range of HPLC techniques including reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction, mixed-mode, supercritical fluid, multidimensional chromatography, and nanoLC, as well as several modes of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, including capillary zone electrophoresis, partial filling, full filling, and micellar electrokenetic chromatography have been applied to the analysis drugs, explosives, and questioned documents. In this article, we review recent (2015-2017) applications of liquid separation in conjunction with mass spectrometry to the analysis of forensic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moini
- Department of Forensic Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
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18
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19
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Gamat SN, Fotouhi L, Talebpour Z. The application of electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-1023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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