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Saemi-Komsari M, Pashaei R, Abbasi S, Esmaeili HR, Dzingelevičienė R, Shirkavand Hadavand B, Pasalari Kalako M, Szultka-Mlynska M, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B, Turner A. Accumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and triclosan by a model tooth-carp fish, Aphaniops hormuzensis (Teleostei: Aphaniidae). Environ Pollut 2023; 333:121997. [PMID: 37336349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence and effects of nanoplastics (NPs; <1 μm) in the aquatic environment are a growing concern. In this study, a model tooth-carp fish, Aphaniops hormuzensis, has been exposed to different concentrations of fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) in its diet (up to 5 mg kg-1) over periods of 28 d and the particle accumulation in different tissues determined. Accumulation was observed in both digestive and non-digestive organs, with concentrations greater in the gut, liver and gill (up to 400 μg kg-1 dw) than in the skin and muscle (<180 μg kg-1 dw), but no dependency on exposure time or dose was evident. The presence of the organic contaminant, triclosan (TCS), in the diet and at concentrations up to 0.5 μg kg-1 did not affect PS-NP uptake by A. hormuzensis, while TCS accumulation in the whole body increased with time (up to 10 μg kg-1) and, likewise, appeared to be unaffected by the presence of PS-NPs. These observations suggest that the two contaminants do not interact with each other or that any interactions have no impact on accumulation. The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that NPs can be translocated by aquatic organisms after ingestion, and reveal that, for the species and conditions employed, nanoplastics are accumulated more readily than a widely used organic chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saemi-Komsari
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoology Section, Biology Department, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran; Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Esmaeili
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoology Section, Biology Department, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reda Dzingelevičienė
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania; Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, H. Manto Street 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O.Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Pasalari Kalako
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoology Section, Biology Department, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Malgorzata Szultka-Mlynska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Al-Suod H, Ratiu IA, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Górecki R, Buszewski B. Identification and quantification of cyclitols and sugars isolated from different morphological parts of Raphanus sativus L. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:107-112. [PMID: 34180317 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1944136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Through this study, we aimed to develop a new analytical method for identification and quantification of sugars and cyclitols isolated from different morphological parts of Raphanus sativus L (R. sativus). Accelerated solvent extraction with water was involved for targets extraction. Solid phase extraction was used for purification and preconcentration, while high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was used for chromatographic analyses. A short method of only 30 min for a single analysis was developed finally. The obtained results, allowed for quantification of eight targets, i.e., three cyclitols (D-pinitol, allo-inositol and scyllo-inositol) and five sugars (xylose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-glucose and sucrose) that were determined simultaneously using a single analysis. The developed method can be applied in industry as a routine method for analysis of sugars and cyclitols from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Al-Suod
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,"Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ryszard Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Kiełbasa A, Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. A novel non-derivatization HPLC/UV method for the determination of some n-3 free fatty acids in breast milk matrix. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Musiał J, Powierska-Czarny J, Czarny J, Raczkowski M, Galant N, Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. One-step extraction and determination of 513 psychoactive substances, drugs, and their metabolites from hair by LC-MS/MS. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2927-2933. [PMID: 36008489 PMCID: PMC9525419 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new psychoactive substances on the market is a significant problem on a global scale. This type of substance in society is associated with many negative consequences, such as traffic accidents, accidents at work, rape, homicide, poisoning, or overdose deaths. The analysis of these substances in biological samples is very important for further legal action and saving lives. Therefore, laboratories face a tremendous challenge in tackling the evolving drug market. The paper describes the optimization of the analytical LC–MS/MS method to identify and determine 513 psychoactive substances in hair samples. A method of chromatographic separation was developed, and the working parameters of the mass spectrometer were selected for each analyte. The method has been validated, and the results are as follows: the limit of quantification of the developed method ranges from 0.025 to 1.25 ng/mg hair. The mean recovery of the tested analytes ranges from 80 to 120%. The achieved coefficient of variation in within-run precision ranged from 1.05 to 19.99%. The results achieved for BIAS are in the range of ± 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Musiał
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071, Bydgoszcz, Poland. .,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | | | - Jakub Czarny
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Raczkowski
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Galant
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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Musiał J, Czarny J, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Overview of analytical methods for determining novel psychoactive substances, drugs and their metabolites in biological samples. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:239-258. [PMID: 36040410 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing in interest in psychoactive substances, particularly those available in e-commerce. These have led to an increase in the number of drug-related poisonings, deaths, and road accidents. Illegal drugs are available on an unprecedented scale and cause previously unknown adverse effects, which creates a challenge for analysts to find rapid methods for identifying these substances and taking appropriate action in the shortest possible time. New psychoactive substances (NPSs) can be lethal at very low concentrations, which give particularly serious cause for concern. These drugs are easily accessible and often regarded (or claimed) to be safe, which encourages many people, in particular young people, to try them. The widespread use of these substances is compounded by the awareness that they are difficult to detect with the existing rapid screening tests. Simple, fast, sensitive, and specific methods for determining the largest possible number of black-market psychoactive substances and their metabolites are therefore essential. Such methods will facilitate treatment and increase the effectiveness of measures aiming to reduce drug addiction. The objective of this review article was to critically compare the most commonly used analytical methods for determining NPS and their metabolites in biological material, with special emphasis on the sample preparation process, and to highlight the possibilities offered by the existing analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Musiał
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Czarny
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Kiełbasa A, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Cytokines-Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Breast Milk and Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6238. [PMID: 34207900 PMCID: PMC8229712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a huge role in many biological processes. Their production, release and interactions are subject to a very complex mechanism. Cytokines are produced by all types of cells, they function very differently and they are characterized by synergism in action, antagonism, and aggregation activity, opposing action of one cytokine, overlapping activity, induction of another cytokine, inhibition of cytokine synthesis at the mRNA level as well as autoregulation-stimulation or inhibition of own production. The predominance of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to a systemic inflammatory response, and anti-inflammatory-to an anti-inflammatory response. They regulate the organism's immune response and protect it against sudden disturbances in homeostasis. The synthesis and activity of cytokines are influenced by the central nervous system through the endocrine system (pituitary gland, adrenal glands).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Group for Separation and Bioanalytical Methods (Bio-Sep) Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Group for Separation and Bioanalytical Methods (Bio-Sep) Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Ligor M, Bukowska M, Ratiu IA, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Determination of Neonicotinoids in Honey Samples Originated from Poland and Other World Countries. Molecules 2020; 25:E5817. [PMID: 33317195 PMCID: PMC7764438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A method development for determination of neonicotinoid residues in honey samples was developed. The proposed methodology consisted in QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). That was used for sample preparation and UHPLC/UV (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection) utilized for chromatographic analysis. The developed method proved to be sensitive, with LOD (Limit of detection) value in the range of 60.80 to 80.98 ng/g hence LOQ (Limit of quantification) value was in the range of 184.26 to 245.40 ng/g. The method has tested on Polish honey and applied to honey from various countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, Russia, USA and Turkey). Several honey types were tested, while physicochemical properties of all honeys and were investigated. The methodology for general characterization of pollen grains originated from selected plants, to confirm the type of honey was also presented. There was a total lack of the mentioned neonicotinoids in sunflower honey. Except of this, only two samples of rapeseed and two samples of acacia honey (from Poland and Romania) were neonicotinoids free. In 19 samples the targeted pesticides were detected above LOQ. In all other investigated samples, the neonicotinoids were found at least at the LOD or LOQ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
| | - Małgorzata Bukowska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- “RalucaRipan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele, RO-400239 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Pajewska-Szmyt M, Biniewska E, Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Synthesis of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sorbents for Isolation of Parabens from Breast Milk. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13194328. [PMID: 33003301 PMCID: PMC7579064 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) are an invaluable asset in the development of many methods in analytical chemistry, particularly sample preparation. Novel adsorbents based on MMIPs are characterized by high selectivity towards a specific analyte due to the presence of a specific cavity on their polymer surface, enabling the lock-key model interactions to occur. In addition, the magnetic core provides superparamagnetic properties that allow rapid separation of the sorbent from the sample solution. Such a combination of imprinted polymers with a magnetic core has an innovative influence on the development of separation techniques. Hence, the present study describes the synthesis of MMIPs with 17β-estradiol used as a template molecule in the production of imprinted polymers. The as-prepared sorbent was used for a sorption/desorption study of five parabens from breast milk samples. The obtained results were characterized by sorption efficiency exceeding 92%, which shows the high affinity of the analytes to the functional groups on the sorbent. The final determination of the selected analytes was done with high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorometric detector. The determined linearity ranges for selected parabens were characterized by high determination coefficients (r2 from 0.9992 to 0.9999), and the calculated limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the identified compounds were low (LOD from 1.1-2.7 ng mL-1; LOQ from 3.6-8.1 ng mL-1), which makes their quantitative analysis in real samples feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pajewska-Szmyt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.-S.); (E.B.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St, 87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewelina Biniewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.-S.); (E.B.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St, 87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.-S.); (E.B.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St, 87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87100 Toruń, Poland; (M.P.-S.); (E.B.); (B.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St, 87100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Pajewska-Szmyt M, Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Supported ionic liquid adsorbent and ELSD–HPLC method as an alternative procedure for exogenous fatty acid analysis in breast milk. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pajewska-Szmyt M, Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Carbon dots as rapid assays for detection of mercury(II) ions based on turn-off mode and breast milk. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 236:118320. [PMID: 32278279 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, nitrogen co-doped carbon dots were synthesized by solid thermal method with citric acid used as the precursor of carbon, and melamine as nitrogen source. Such carbon dots show high quantum yield of 44%. Furthermore, the native fluorescence of CDs can be reduced by mercury(II), while other metals had no significant influence on fluorescence intensity. During the study, the optimal parameters were selected, such as pH or time for incubation with analyte. Under the optimal conditions, quenching effect caused by mercury ions was evaluated. It was observed that with increasing mercury concentration, the fluorescence of the carbon dots decreased proportionally. The response was characterized by linearity within the range from 2 to 14 μM. Moreover, the limit of detection was 0.44 μM. It was the first time that human milk was used as a real sample to test the applicability of carbon dots. The study results demonstrated good recovery in the 74-111% range (RSD < 6%) As a novel carbon material, CDs show promise for broader applications in analyzing complicated biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pajewska-Szmyt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Tuzimski T, Szubartowski S, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Miturski A, Wójtowicz-Marzec M, Kwaśniewski W, Buszewski B. Comparison of DAD and FLD Detection for Identification of Selected Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples and Their Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS/MS. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1029-1042. [PMID: 33241324 PMCID: PMC8370428 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of bisphenols released from packaging material is undoubtedly a difficult and tricky task, requiring the chemical analyst to develop an individual approach to obtain reliable analytical information. OBJECTIVE QuECHERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe)/dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) technique and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with modern detection techniques such as diode-array detector (DAD), fluorescence detector (FLD) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the determination of bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), 2-[[4-[2-[4-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2yl]phenoxy] methyl]oxirane (BADGE), 3-[4-[2-[4-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propane-1,2-diol (BADGE*H2O), 3-[4-[2-[4-(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propane-1,2-diol (BADGE*2H2O), 1-Chloro-3-[4-[2-[4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl] propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propan-2-ol (BADGE*2HCl) in human breast milk samples have been performed. METHODS For the analysis of total analytes, prior to the extraction with acetonitrile, a deconjugation step was implemented in a tube by adding 1 mL of the enzymatic solution with the β-Glucuronidase to 5 mL of sample. The mix was homogenized and incubated for 17 h at 37°C. Ten milliliters of acetonitrile, and a QuEChERS salt packet with 4 g anhydrous MgSO4 and 1 g NaCl were added. During the d-SPE step the extract was transferred into tube with 30 mg Z-Sep and 50 mg PSA (and also 150 mg MgSO4 for LC-MS/MS analysis). MeOH-water (20:80, v/v) were added to the dry residue and the extract was reconstituted in 150 µL (25-fold analytes pre-concentration is achieved). Next bisphenols were identified by HPLC-DAD-FLD and quantified by LC-MS/MS equipment. CONCLUSIONS During the bisphenols HPLC-DAD-FLD analysis, from 6 min a reinforcement of 15 was used, which allowed analytes to be identified at 750 pg/mL. Application of LC-MS/MS allowed quantification of bisphenols in the range from 2.12 to 116.22 ng/mL in a total 27 human breast milk samples. HIGHLIGHTS First QuEChERS/d-SPE coupled with HPLC-DAD-FLD or LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of bisphenols and its analogues in breast milk Faster and cheaper alternative to traditional extraction methods The method was applied for the first biomonitoring of bisphenols and its analogues in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Physical Chemistry, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Szymon Szubartowski
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Physical Chemistry, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, 7 Gagarin St, 87 100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Miturski
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, 16 Staszica Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wójtowicz-Marzec
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, 16 Staszica Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, 16 Staszica Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, 7 Gagarin St, 87 100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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12
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Sadowski R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Qualitative analysis of enzymatic and chemical depolymerized low molecular weight heparins by UHPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3036-3044. [PMID: 32388896 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Complete heparin digestion with heparin lyase I and II results in a mixture of hexasaccharides and tetrasaccharides with 3-O-sulfo group-containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. Because these tetrasaccharides are derived from antithrombin III-binding sites of heparin, we examined whether this method could be applied to estimate the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Therefore, this paper presents a new low molecular weight heparin sample preparation method-chemical depolymerization. Qualitative analysis of the studied compounds and a comparison of their composition are an important contribution to the structural analysis of low molecular weight heparins, which has not been fully conducted so far. Qualitative on-line liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant oligosaccharides is also described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Sadowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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13
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Pajewska-Szmyt M, Sinkiewicz-Darol E, Bernatowicz-Łojko U, Kowalkowski T, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. QuEChERS extraction coupled to GC-MS for a fast determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk from Polish women. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:30988-30999. [PMID: 31452126 PMCID: PMC6828831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk has been determined. Therefore, it was necessary to develop and adapt an analytical method to analyze PCB compounds. The whole procedure was applied to 31 breast milk samples, which were collected from Polish mothers. The QuEChERS method was optimized as a fast and cheap sample preparation method. The procedure allowed us to obtain recovery values between 96.46% and 119.98% with acceptable relative standard deviations (3.36-12.71%). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for final determination. The method was validated using parameters such as linearity, limit of detection and quantification, intra-day precision, and reproducibility. The mean concentration of ∑iPCBs in this study was 30.94 ng/g of lipid. Assigned daily intake of PCBs was lower than the tolerable daily intake, which shows that the analyzed milk is safe to the infants. However, the monitoring of PCBs in milk is still important, and the QuEChERS method with GC-MS can be an effective tool for tracking organic impurities in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pajewska-Szmyt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol
- Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, Human Milk Bank, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Human Milk Bank Foundation, 128J Podkowy St., 04-937 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Bernatowicz-Łojko
- Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, Human Milk Bank, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Human Milk Bank Foundation, 128J Podkowy St., 04-937 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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14
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Czarny K, Szczukocki D, Krawczyk B, Skrzypek S, Zieliński M, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Toxic effects of single animal hormones and their mixtures on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. Chemosphere 2019; 224:93-102. [PMID: 30818199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In their environments, aquatic organisms are simultaneously exposed to mixtures of several endocrine disrupting compounds, including hormones. However, most of the toxicity studies so far focused on effects of single contaminants. The available information on the potential toxicity of combined hormones on microalgae is extremely limited. For these reasons the aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and mixture effect of estrone (E1), ß-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), progesterone (PRO), 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one (PRE), levonorgestrel (LG) and testosterone (TST) on Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. Green algae cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.1-100 mg L-1) of hormones for 14 days. Biomass in the form of dry weight and chlorophyll a was examined. The decreasing order of toxicity (based on EC50, 14d) to Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus was: EE2>PRO > E2>PRE > TST > E3>LG > E1 and EE2>PRO > TST > E2>PRE > LG > E1>E3, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris was more sensitive to the effects of hormones than Scenedesmus armatus. Although mixed hormones were more toxic to green algae than single hormones, in the ecosystem mixtures can pose higher ecological risk than single pollutants. Therefore, data on the toxicology of both single and mixed hormones is very valuable for assessment of the possibility of adverse ecological effects caused by these pollutants. Furthermore, these results suggest that environmental exposure to hormone mixtures may cause toxicity levels different to the sum of those of the single hormones and provides a basic understanding of their toxic effect on algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Czarny
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dominik Szczukocki
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Zieliński
- Laboratory of Environmental Threat, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12 Street, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina7 Street, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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15
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Sadowski R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Recent Developments in the Separation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Anticoagulants. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:166-176. [PMID: 28982317 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171005114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The general function of anticoagulants is to prevent blood clotting and growing of the existing clots in blood vessels. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in developing methods of prevention as well as pharmacologic and surgical treatment of thrombosis. For over the last two decades, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have found their application in the antithrombotic diseases treatment. These types of drugs are widely used in clinical therapy. Despite the biological and medical importance of LMWHs, they have not been completely characterized in terms of their chemical structure. Due to both, the structural complexity of these anticoagulants and the presence of impurities, their structural characterization requires the employment of advanced analytical techniques. Since separation techniques play the key role in these endeavors, this review will focus on the presentation of recent developments in the separation of LMWH anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Sadowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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16
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Pajewska-Szmyt M, Sinkiewicz-Darol E, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. The impact of environmental pollution on the quality of mother's milk. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:7405-7427. [PMID: 30687894 PMCID: PMC6447517 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is a gold standard of neonate nutrition because human milk contains a lot of essential compounds crucial for proper development of a child. However, milk is also a biofluid which can contain environmental pollution, which can have effects on immune system and consequently on the various body organs. Polychlorinated biphenyls are organic pollutants which have been detected in human milk. They have lipophilic properties, so they can penetrate to fatty milk and ultimately to neonate digestive track. Another problem of interest is the presence in milk of heavy metals-arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury-as these compounds can lead to disorders in production of cytokines, which are important immunomodulators. The toxicants cause stimulation or suppression of this compounds. This can lead to health problems in children as allergy, disorders in the endocrine system, end even neurodevelopment delay and disorder. Consequently, correlations between pollutants and bioactive components in milk should be investigated. This article provides an overview of environmental pollutants found in human milk as well as of the consequences of cytokine disorder correlated with presence of heavy metals. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pajewska-Szmyt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St, PL-87100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol
- Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, Human Milk Bank, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Human Milk Bank Foundation, 128J Podkowy St, 04-937, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska St, PL-87100, Toruń, Poland.
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17
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Al-Suod H, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Simultaneous HPLC-ELSD determination of sugars and cyclitols in different parts of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Thiem D, Złoch M, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Szymańska S, Baum C, Hrynkiewicz K. Cadmium-induced changes in the production of siderophores by a plant growth promoting strain of Pseudomonas fulva. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:623-632. [PMID: 29775200 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The impact of increasing Cd2+ exposure on the quality and quantity of siderophores produced by a plant growth promoting Pseudomonas fulva strain was tested to gain insight into the degree of change. P. fulva was cultured in the increasing concentrations of Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mM). The secreted siderophores were separated by HPLC and characterized by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. In the presence of 2 mM Cd2+ synthesis of siderophores (hydroxamates, catecholates, phenolates) was mitigated compared to the treatments with lower concentrations of Cd2+ (0.5 and 1 mM). Increased synthesis of catecholates in 0.5 and 1 mM Cd2+ and of phenolates in 0.5-2 mM Cd2+ was revealed compared to the variant without Cd2+ . Out of seven different hydroxamates, the secretion of ferrioxamine E was significantly decreased in the highest Cd2+ concentration. Two additional ferrioxamines, X2 and D2, were secreted independent of the presence or absence of Cd2+ . Exposure to Cd2+ change the composition of siderophores secreted by P. fulva with selective promotion of catecholates and phenolates at the expense of hydroxamates. Successful adaptation in a Cd-contaminated soil in the frame of practical applications to promote phytoremediation can be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Thiem
- Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Michał Złoch
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Sonia Szymańska
- Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Christel Baum
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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19
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Pajewska M, Łojko M, Cendrowski K, Sawicki W, Kowalkowski T, Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. The determination of zearalenone and its major metabolites in endometrial cancer tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1571-1582. [PMID: 29368148 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. The search for factors that contribute to the development of cancer cells in reproductive organs should involve the detection of xenoestrogens, in particular zearalenone (ZEA) and its metabolites. Xenoestrogens are endocrine disruptors-ZEA and its metabolites are structurally similar to estrogens (macrocyclic lactone ring) and show high affinity for estrogen receptors. This study proposes a new method for the preparation of samples of human tissues with endometrial cancer by the use of the QuEChERS technique. Analytical parameters such as centrifugation temperature, extraction solvent, and adsorbents were modified to obtain satisfactory recovery for ZEA (R = 82.6%, RSD = 2.9%) and one of its metabolites, α-zearalenol (R = 50.1%, RSD = 3.2%). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) were used for the identification and quantitative determination of the analyzed compounds. The developed procedure was applied for analyses of human tissues with endometrial cancer. The presence of α-zearalenol was detected in 47 out of the 61 examined tissue samples. Graphical Abstract Methodology for isolation and identification of zearalenone and its major metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pajewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mariusz Łojko
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Regional Hospital, Św. Józefa 53-59, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 02-242, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 02-242, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland. .,Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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20
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Sprynskyy M, Krzemień-Konieczka I, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Separation of aflatoxin B1 from synthetic physiological fluids using talc and diatomite: Kinetic and isotherm aspects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Baranowska I, Buszewski B, Namieśnik J, Konieczka P, Magiera S, Polkowska-Motrenko H, Kościelniak P, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Woźniakiewicz A, Samczyński Z, Kochańska K, Rutkowska M. Development of potential candidate reference materials for drugs in bottom sediment, cod and herring tissues. Chemosphere 2017; 169:181-187. [PMID: 27883912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular use of a reference material and participation in a proficiency testing program can improve the reliability of analytical data. This paper presents the preparation of candidate reference materials for the drugs metoprolol, propranolol, carbamazepine, naproxen, and acenocoumarol in freshwater bottom sediment and cod and herring tissues. These reference materials are not available commercially. Drugs (between 7 ng/g and 32 ng/g) were added to the samples, and the spiked samples were freeze-dried, pulverized, sieved, homogenized, bottled, and sterilized by γ-irradiation to prepare the candidate materials. Procedures for extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were developed to determine the drugs of interest in the studied material. Each target drug was quantified using two analytical procedures, and the results obtained from these two procedures were in good agreement with each other. Stability and homogeneity assessments were performed, and the relative uncertainties due to instability (for an expiration date of 12 months) and inhomogeneity were 10-25% and 4.0-6.8%, respectively. These procedures will be useful in the future production of reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Magiera
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ingardena Str. 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Aneta Woźniakiewicz
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ingardena Str. 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Samczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Kochańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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22
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Złoch M, Thiem D, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Hrynkiewicz K. Synthesis of siderophores by plant-associated metallotolerant bacteria under exposure to Cd(2.). Chemosphere 2016; 156:312-325. [PMID: 27183333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria are well known producers of siderophores, organic compounds that chelate ferric iron (Fe(3+)), and therefore play an important role in plant growth promotion in metalliferous areas, thereby improving bioremediation processes. However, in addition to their primary function in iron mobilization, siderophores also have the capacity to chelate other heavy metals, such as Al(3+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+) and Cd(2+), that can affect homeostasis and the heavy metal tolerance of microorganisms. The main goal of our study was to select the most efficient siderophore-producing bacterial strains isolated from the roots (endophytes) and rhizosphere of Betula pendula L. and Alnus glutinosa L. growing at two heavy metal contaminated sites in southern Poland. Siderophore biosynthesis of these strains in the presence of increasing concentrations of Cd(2+) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mM) under iron-deficiency conditions was analysed using spectrophotometric chemical tests for hydroxamates, catecholates and phenolates, as well as the separation of bacterial siderophores by HPLC and characterization of their structure by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. We proved that (i) siderophore-producing bacterial strains seems to be more abundant in the rhizosphere (47%) than in root endophytes (18%); (ii) the strains most effective at siderophore synthesis belonged to the genus Streptomyces and were able to secrete three types of siderophores under Cd(2+) stress: hydroxamates, catecholates and phenolates; (iii) in general, the addition of Cd(2+) enhanced siderophore synthesis, particularly ferrioxamine B synthesis, which may indicate that siderophores play a significant role in tolerance to Cd(2+) in Streptomyces sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Złoch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Dominika Thiem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Bujak R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Nowaczyk A, Raczak-Gutknecht J, Kordalewska M, Struck-Lewicka W, Waszczuk-Jankowska M, Tomczak E, Kaliszan M, Buszewski B, Markuszewski MJ. New sorbent materials for selective extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from human urine samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:397-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bujak R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Nowaczyk A, Raczak-Gutknecht J, Kordalewska M, Struck-Lewicka W, Markuszewski MJ, Buszewski B. Selective determination of cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine in environmental samples by newly developed sorbent materials. Talanta 2016; 146:401-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Kwaśniewska K, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Magnetic molecular imprinted polymers as a tool for isolation and purification of biological samples. OPEN CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2015-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTechnology of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) has become very popular in recent decades. MIPs are primarily used in medical diagnostics, chromatographic separation and solid phase extraction (SPE); also as sensors and catalysts. In recent years there have been reported benefits of combining molecular imprinted polymers with additional features, e.g. magnetic properties, through the build-up of this type of material on magnetite particles (Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer – MMIP). This method produces a multifunctional material which has high selectivity and the ability to isolate the analyte from biological and environmental samples, allowing effective purification from such interferents as proteins and fats. This developing branch of new materials for the preparation and purification of complex sample matrices is an interesting alternative to materials routinely used to date, particularly with regard to the immunosorbents. This paper summarizes recent reports regarding MMIP preparation and their application for purification and isolation of compounds from biological matrices.
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Kwaśniewska K, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Cendrowski K. Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Zearalenone in Environmental and Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 45:119-30. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.896731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ligor M, Ligor T, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. The chromatographic assay of 4-hydroxynonenal as a biomarker of diseases by means of MEPS and HPLC technique. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:584-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Gagarina 7 St. PL-87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Gagarina 7 St. PL-87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Gagarina 7 St. PL-87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Gagarina 7 St. PL-87-100 Toruń Poland
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Sadowski R, Gadzała-Kopciuch R. Isolation and determination of estrogens in water samples by solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers and HPLC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2299-305. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Sadowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
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Sprynskyy M, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Nowak K, Buszewski B. Removal of zearalenone toxin from synthetics gastric and body fluids using talc and diatomite: A batch kinetic study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Buszewski B, Ricanyová J, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Szumski M. Supramolecular recognition of estrogens via molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2977-86. [PMID: 20549493 PMCID: PMC2906748 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and preconcentration of estrogens from new types of biological samples (acellular and protein-free simulated body fluid) by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction has been described. In this technique, supramolecular receptors, namely molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are used as a sorbent material. The recognition sites of MIPs were prepared by non-covalent multiple interactions and formed with the target 17beta-estradiol as a template molecule. High-performance liquid chromatography with spectroscopic UV, selective, and a sensitive electrochemical CoulArray detector was used for the determination of 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and estriol in simulated body fluid which mimicked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87 100 Toruń, Poland.
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Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Ričanyová J, Buszewski B. Reply to comment on “Isolation and detection of steroids from human urine by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography” by Tse Sum Bui and Haupt [J. Chromatogr. B 877 (2009) 4180–4181]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2044-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kluska M, Pypowski K, Chrzaścik I, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Witkowska-Krajewska E. Problems Associated with the Chromatographic Determination of Chlorobenzylgermanium Derivatives Using an Octadecyl Stationary Phase. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kluska M, Pypowski K, Chrząścik I, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Michel M, Liepinsh E, Nikolai E. Separation of Selected Heptacoordinated Derivatives of Goshchava-Silanates for HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902901549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kluska
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Podlasie , Siedlce, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Monika Michel
- c Plant Protection Institute, Pesticide Residue Department , Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Erchak Nikolai
- a Institute of Chemistry, University of Podlasie , Siedlce, Poland
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Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Ričanyová J, Buszewski B. Isolation and detection of steroids from human urine by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Filipiak A, Berecka B, Gomułka P, Buszewski B. Selection of Extraction Method for the Estimation of the Bioaccumulation Factor of 4-N-Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol in an Aquatic System. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902790777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Filipiak
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Berecka
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture , University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Gomułka
- c Department of Ichthiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences & Fisheries , University of Warmia and Mazury, Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń, Poland
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Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. A comparative study of hydrophobicity of octadecyl and alkylamide bonded phases based on methylene selectivity. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Buszewski B, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Kaliszan R, Markuszewski M, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ. Polyfunctional chemically bonded stationary phase for reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02467590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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