1
|
Meng H, Wei Y, Feng L. A microchip gas chromatography column assembly with a 3D metal printing micro column oven and a flexible stainless-steel column. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1729:465036. [PMID: 38843573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a microchip gas chromatography (GC) column assembly utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) printed micro oven and a flexible stainless steel capillary column was developed. The assembly's performance and separation capabilities were characterized. The key components include a 3D printed aluminum plate (7.50 × 7.50 × 0.16 cm) with a 3-meter-long circular spiral channel, serving as the oven, and the column coiled on the channel with an inner diameter of 320 μm and a stationary phase of OV-1. A heating ceramic plate was affixed on the opposite side of the plate. The assembly weighed 40.3 g. The design allows for easy disassembly, or stacking of heating devices and columns, enabling flexibility in adjusting column length. When using n-C13 as the test analyte at 140 °C, a retention factor (k) was 8.5, and 7797 plates (2599 plates/m) were obtained. The assembly, employing resistance heating, demonstrated effective separation performance for samples containing alkanes, aromatics, alcohols and ketones, with good reproducibility. The reduction in theoretical plates compared to oven heating was only 2.95 %. In the boiling point range of C6 to C18, rapid temperature programming (120 °C/min) was achieved with a power consumption of 119.512 W. The assembly was successfully employed to separate benzene series compounds, gasoline and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), demonstrating excellent separation performance. This innovative design addresses the challenges of the complexity and low repeatability of the fabrication process and the high cost associated with microchip columns. Furthermore, its versatility makes it suitable for outdoor analysis applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Meng
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yuyu Wei
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, PR China; Technology Innovation Center of Food Safety Technique of Inspection for State Market Regulation (Rapid Screening and Traceability for Edible Agricultural Product Safety), PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novotny J, Svobodova Z, Ilicova M, Hruskova D, Kostalova J, Bilkova Z, Foret F. Advantages of stereolithographic 3D printing in the fabrication of the Affiblot device for dot-blot assays. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:442. [PMID: 38954238 PMCID: PMC11219379 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing, objects are constructed by exposing layers of photocurable resin to UV light. It is a highly user-friendly fabrication method that opens a possibility for technology sharing through CAD file online libraries. Here, we present a prototyping procedure of a microfluidics-enhanced dot-blot device (Affiblot) designed for simple and inexpensive screening of affinity molecule characteristics (antibodies, oligonucleotides, cell receptors, etc.). The incorporation of microfluidic features makes sample processing user-friendly, less time-consuming, and less laborious, all performed completely on-device, distinguishing it from other dot-blot devices. Initially, the Affiblot device was fabricated using CNC machining, which required significant investment in manual post-processing and resulted in low reproducibility. Utilization of SLA 3D printing reduced the amount of manual post-processing, which significantly streamlined the prototyping process. Moreover, it enabled the fabrication of previously impossible features, including internal fluidic channels. While 3D printing of sub-millimeter microchannels usually requires custom-built printers, we were able to fabricate microfluidic features on a readily available commercial printer. Open microchannels in the size range 200-300 μm could be fabricated with reliable repeatability and sealed with a replaceable foil. Economic aspects of device fabrication are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novotny
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveri 967/97, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Svobodova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Ilicova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Hruskova
- Department of Economy and Management of Chemical and Foodstuff Industry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kostalova
- Department of Economy and Management of Chemical and Foodstuff Industry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Veveri 967/97, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan N, Sengupta P. Technological Advancement and Trend in Selective Bioanalytical Sample Extraction through State of the Art 3-D Printing Techniques Aiming 'Sorbent Customization as per need'. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38319592 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2305275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent complexity of biological matrices and presence of several interfering substances in biological samples make them unsuitable for direct analysis. An effective sample preparation technique assists in analyte enrichment, improving selectivity and sensitivity of bioanalytical method. Because of several key benefits of employing 3D printed sorbent in sample extraction, it has recently gained popularity across a variety of industries. Applications for 3D printing in the field of bioanalytical research have grown recently, particularly in the areas of miniaturization, (bio)sensing, sample preparation, and separation sciences. Due to the high expense of the solid phase microextraction cartridge, researcher approaches in-lab production of sorbent material for the extraction of analyte from biological samples. Owing to its distinct advantages such as low costs, automation capabilities, capacity to produce products in a variety of shapes, and reduction of tedious steps of sample preparation, 3D printed sorbents are gaining increased attention in the field of bioanalysis. It is also reported to offer high selectivity and assist in achieving a much lower limit of detection. In this review, we have discussed current advancements in different types of 3D printed sorbents, production methods, and their applications in the field of bioanalytical sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zilinskaite N, Shukla RP, Baradoke A. Use of 3D Printing Techniques to Fabricate Implantable Microelectrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:315-336. [PMID: 37868357 PMCID: PMC10588936 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing techniques to fabricate implantable microelectrodes for the electrochemical detection of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Early diagnosis of these diseases is crucial to improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare systems' burden. Biomarkers serve as measurable indicators of these diseases, and implantable microelectrodes offer a promising tool for their electrochemical detection. Here, we discuss various 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and two-photon polymerization (2PP), highlighting their advantages and limitations in microelectrode fabrication. We also explore the materials used in constructing implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. The principles of electrochemical detection and the types of sensors utilized are examined, with a focus on their applications in detecting biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of 3D-printed implantable microelectrodes, emphasizing their potential for improving early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemira Zilinskaite
- Wellcome/Cancer
Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and
Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Vilnius, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rajendra P. Shukla
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- Wellcome/Cancer
Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and
Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Vilnius, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck
Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Center for
Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang MW, Su CK. Tuning the fabrication of knotted reactors via 3D printing techniques and materials. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1263:341295. [PMID: 37225338 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies can customize a diverse range of devices, cross-3D printing technique/material comparisons aimed at optimizing the fabrication of analytical devices have been rare. In this study, we evaluated the surface features of the channels in knotted reactors (KRs) fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing [with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyamide, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filaments], and digital light processing and stereolithography 3D printing with photocurable resins. Also, their ability to retain Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ions was evaluated to achieve the maximal sensitivities of these metal ions. After optimizing the techniques and materials for 3D printing of the KRs, the retention conditions, and the automatic analytical system, we observed good correlations (R > 0.9793) for the three 3D printing techniques in terms of the surface roughnesses of their channel sidewalls with respect to the signal intensities of their retained metal ions. The FDM 3D-printed PLA KR provided the best analytical performance, with the retention efficiencies of the tested metal ions all being greater than 73.9% and with the detection limits of the method ranging from 0.1 to 5.6 ng L-1. We used this analytical method to perform analyses of the tested metal ions in several reference materials (CASS-4, SLEW-3, 1643f, and 2670a). Spike analyses of complicated real samples verified the reliability and applicability of this analytical method, highlighting the possibility of tuning 3D printing techniques and materials to optimize the fabrication of mission-oriented analytical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mechanism of enhanced flowability/spreadability in 3D printed Ni alloy powder. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
7
|
Crucello J, de Oliveira AM, Sampaio NMFM, Hantao LW. Miniaturized systems for gas chromatography: Developments in sample preparation and instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
Bellou MG, Gkantzou E, Skonta A, Moschovas D, Spyrou K, Avgeropoulos A, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Development of 3D Printed Enzymatic Microreactors for Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Media. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13111954. [PMID: 36422383 PMCID: PMC9693471 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 3D printing technology was exploited for the development of immobilized enzyme microreactors that could be used for biocatalytic processes in Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-based media. 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) microwell plates or tubular microfluidic reactors were modified with polyethylenimine (PEI) and lipase from Candida antarctica (CALB) was covalently immobilized in the interior of each structure. DESs were found to have a negligible effect on the activity and stability of CALB, and the system proved highly stable and reusable in the presence of DESs for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB). A kinetic study under flow conditions revealed an enhancement of substrate accessibility in the presence of Betaine: Glycerol (Bet:Gly) DES, while the system was not severely affected by diffusion limitations. Incubation of microreactors in 100% Bet:Gly preserved the enzyme activity by 53% for 30 days of storage at 60 °C, while the buffer-stored sample had already been deactivated. The microfluidic enzyme reactor was efficiently used for the trans-esterification of ethyl ferulate (EF) with glycerol towards the production of glyceryl ferulate (GF), known for its antioxidant potential. The biocatalytic process under continuous flow conditions exhibited 23 times higher productivity than the batch reaction system. This study featured an effective and robust biocatalytic system with immobilized lipase that can be used both in hydrolytic and synthetic applications, while further optimization is expected to upgrade the microreactor system performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrto G. Bellou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia Skonta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao L, Wang X. 3D printed microfluidics for cell biological applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Choińska M, Hrdlička V, Dejmková H, Fischer J, Míka L, Vaněčková E, Kolivoška V, Navrátil T. Applicability of Selected 3D Printing Materials in Electrochemistry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050308. [PMID: 35624610 PMCID: PMC9138249 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript investigates the chemical and structural stability of 3D printing materials (3DPMs) frequently used in electrochemistry. Four 3D printing materials were studied: Clear photopolymer, Elastic photopolymer, PET filament, and PLA filament. Their stability, solubility, structural changes, flexibility, hardness, and color changes were investigated after exposure to selected organic solvents and supporting electrolytes. Furthermore, the available potential windows and behavior of redox probes in selected supporting electrolytes were investigated before and after the exposure of the 3D-printed objects to the electrolytes at various working electrodes. Possible electrochemically active interferences with an origin from the 3DPMs were also monitored to provide a comprehensive outline for the use of 3DPMs in electrochemical platform manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Choińska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Vojtěch Hrdlička
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Hana Dejmková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Fischer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Luděk Míka
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-266-051-111
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen JR, Chen JR, Su CK. Solution Foaming–Treated 3D-Printed monolithic packing for enhanced solid phase extraction of trace metals. Talanta 2022; 241:123237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
4D-printed pH sensing claw. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
13
|
Namgung H, Kaba AM, Oh H, Jeon H, Yoon J, Lee H, Kim D. Quantitative Determination of 3D-Printing and Surface-Treatment Conditions for Direct-Printed Microfluidic Devices. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
14
|
Drastíková E, Konderlová K, Šebestová A, Baron D, Švecová P, Táborská P, Vítková K, Pospíšilová V, Forostyak S, Kořístek Z, Porubová L, Petr J. Determination of total protein content in biomedical products by the PDMS-assisted lab-in-a-syringe assay using 3D printed scaffolds removal. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of our work was to develop a low-cost, portable device for the fast and easy determination of total protein content by using PDMS-based lab-in-a-syringe technology with removal of 3D-printed channels. We proposed two designs with a one-step PDMS curing and a two-step PDMS-curing fabrication procedure. The one-step PDMS microdevices were found to be the best in the view of preparation, repeatability, and stability of the reagent. This design was then applied for the determination of total protein content in biomedical products using the Bradford assay.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rapid Production of PDMS Microdevices for Electrodriven Separations and Microfluidics by 3D-Printed Scaffold Removal. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In our work, we produced PDMS-based microfluidic devices by mechanical removal of 3D-printed scaffolds inserted in PDMS. Two setups leading to the fabrication of monolithic PDMS-based microdevices and bonded (or stamped) PDMS-based microdevices were designed. In the monolithic devices, the 3D-printed scaffolds were fully inserted in the PDMS and then carefully removed. The bonded devices were produced by forming imprints of the 3D-printed scaffolds in PDMS, followed by bonding the PDMS parts to glass slides. All these microfluidic devices were then successfully employed in three proof-of-concept applications: capture of magnetic microparticles, formation of droplets, and isotachophoresis separation of model organic dyes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Su CK. Review of 3D-Printed functionalized devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1158:338348. [PMID: 33863415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in three-dimensional printing (3DP) have attracted the attention of analytical scientists interested in fabricating 3D devices having promising geometric functions to achieve desirable analytical performance. To break through the barrier of limited availability of 3DP materials and to extend the chemical reactivity and functionalities of devices manufactured using conventional 3DP, new approaches are being developed for the functionalization of 3D-printed devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. This Review discusses recent advances in the chemical functionalization schemes used in the main 3DP technologies, including (i) post-printing modification and surface immobilization of reactive substances on printed materials, (ii) pre-printing incorporation of reactive substances into raw printing materials, and (iii) combinations of both strategies, and their effects on the selectivity and/or sensitivity of related analytical methods. In addition, the state of the art of 3D-printed functionalized analytical devices for enzymatic derivatization and sensing, electrochemical sensing, and sample pretreatment applications are also reviewed, highlighting the importance of introducing new functional and functionalized materials to facilitate future 3DP-enabled manufacturing of multifunctional analytical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Can 3D Printing Bring Droplet Microfluidics to Every Lab?-A Systematic Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030339. [PMID: 33810056 PMCID: PMC8004812 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing has steadily gained attention in both research and industry. Applications range from prototyping to small-scale production, with 3D printing offering reduced logistics overheads, better design flexibility and ease of use compared with traditional fabrication methods. In addition, printer and material costs have also decreased rapidly. These advantages make 3D printing attractive for application in microfluidic chip fabrication. However, 3D printing microfluidics is still a new area. Is the technology mature enough to print complex microchannel geometries, such as droplet microfluidics? Can 3D-printed droplet microfluidic chips be used in biological or chemical applications? Is 3D printing mature enough to be used in every research lab? These are the questions we will seek answers to in our systematic review. We will analyze (1) the key performance metrics of 3D-printed droplet microfluidics and (2) existing biological or chemical application areas. In addition, we evaluate (3) the potential of large-scale application of 3D printing microfluidics. Finally, (4) we discuss how 3D printing and digital design automation could trivialize microfluidic chip fabrication in the long term. Based on our analysis, we can conclude that today, 3D printers could already be used in every research lab. Printing droplet microfluidics is also a possibility, albeit with some challenges discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tiwari AP, Thorat ND, Pricl S, Patil RM, Rohiwal S, Townley H. Bioink: a 3D-bioprinting tool for anticancer drug discovery and cancer management. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1574-1590. [PMID: 33741496 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
'Bioinks' are important tools for the fabrication of artificial living-tissue constructs that are able to mimic all properties of native tissues via 3D bioprinting technologies. Bioinks are most commonly made by incorporating live cells of interest within a natural or synthetic biocompatible polymeric matrix. In oncology research, the ability to recreate a tumor microenvironment (TME) using by 3D bioprinting constitutes a promising approach for drug development, screening, and in vitro cancer modeling. Here, we review the different types of bioink used for 3D bioprinting, with a focus on its application in cancer management. In addition, we consider the fabrication of bioink using customized materials/cells and their properties in the field of cancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita P Tiwari
- Department of stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- MolBNL@UniTS-DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rakesh M Patil
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory Maharashtra State, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Rohiwal
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, vvi., Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Helen Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Theoretical and experimental findings regarding the electroanalysis of dienestrol in natural waters using a silver nanoparticles/single-walled carbon nanotubes-based amperometric sensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
21
|
Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Widely accessible 3D printing technologies in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmaceutics: applications, materials and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Boutiette AL, Toothaker C, Corless B, Boukaftane C, Howell C. 3D printing direct to industrial roll-to-roll casting for fast prototyping of scalable microfluidic systems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244324. [PMID: 33370381 PMCID: PMC7769481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have enormous potential to offer breakthrough solutions across a wide range of applications. However, the rate of scale-up and commercialization of these technologies has lagged significantly behind promising breakthrough developments in the lab, due at least in part to the problems presented by transitioning from benchtop fabrication methods to mass-manufacturing. In this work, we develop and validate a method to create functional microfluidic prototype devices using 3D printed masters in an industrial-scale roll-to-roll continuous casting process. There were no significant difference in mixing performance between the roll-to-roll cast devices and the PDMS controls in fluidic mixing tests. Furthermore, the casting process provided information on the suitability of the prototype microfluidic patterns for scale-up. This work represents an important step in the realization of high-volume prototyping and manufacturing of microfluidic patterns for use across a broad range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Boutiette
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Cristoffer Toothaker
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Bailey Corless
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - Caitlin Howell
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grazioli C, Faura G, Dossi N, Toniolo R, Abate M, Terzi F, Bontempelli G. 3D printed portable instruments based on affordable electronics, smartphones and open-source microcontrollers suitable for monitoring food quality. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
24
|
Functional 3D printing: Approaches and bioapplications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 175:112849. [PMID: 33250333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology has become a mature manufacturing technique, widely used for its advantages over the traditional methods, such as the end-user customization and rapid prototyping, useful in different application fields, including the biomedical one. Indeed, it represents a helpful tool for the realization of biodevices (i.e. biosensors, microfluidic bioreactors, drug delivery systems and Lab-On-Chip). In this perspective, the development of 3D printable materials with intrinsic functionalities, through the so-called 4D printing, introduces novel opportunities for the fabrication of "smart" or stimuli-responsive devices. Indeed, functional 3D printable materials can modify their surfaces, structures, properties or even shape in response to specific stimuli (such as pressure, temperature or light radiation), adding to the printed object new interesting properties exploited after the fabrication process. In this context, by combining 3D printing technology with an accurate materials' design, functional 3D objects with built-in (bio)chemical functionalities, having biorecognition, biocatalytic and drug delivery capabilities are here reported.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bogdan E, Michorczyk P. 3D Printing in Heterogeneous Catalysis-The State of the Art. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4534. [PMID: 33066083 PMCID: PMC7601972 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the process of additive manufacturing and a selection of three-dimensional (3D) printing methods which have applications in chemical synthesis, specifically for the production of monolithic catalysts. A review was conducted on reference literature for 3D printing applications in the field of catalysis. It was proven that 3D printing is a promising production method for catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Bogdan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cardoso RM, Rocha DP, Rocha RG, Stefano JS, Silva RAB, Richter EM, Muñoz RAA. 3D-printing pen versus desktop 3D-printers: Fabrication of carbon black/polylactic acid electrodes for single-drop detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1132:10-19. [PMID: 32980099 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of carbon black/polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes using a 3D printing pen is presented and compared with electrodes obtained by a desktop fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. The 3D pen was used for the fast production of electrodes in two designs using customized 3D printed parts to act as template and guide the reproducible application of the 3D pen: (i) a single working electrode at the bottom of a 3D-printed cylindrical body and (ii) a three-electrode system on a 3D-printed planar substrate. Both devices were electrochemically characterized using the redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- via cyclic voltammetry, which presented similar performance to an FDM 3D-printed electrode or a commercial screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) regarding peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) and current density. The surface treatment of the carbon black/PLA electrodes fabricated by both 3D pen and FDM 3D-printing procedures provided substantial improvement of the electrochemical activity by removing excess of PLA, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic images for electrodes fabricated by both procedures. Structural defects were not inserted after the electrochemical treatment as shown by Raman spectra (iD/iG), which indicates that the use of 3D pen can replace desktop 3D printers for electrode fabrication. Inter-electrode precision for the best device fabricated using the 3D pen (three-electrode system) was 4% (n = 5) considering current density and anodic peak potential for the redox probe. This device was applied for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) via square-wave voltammetry of a single-drop of 100 μL placed upon the thee-electrode system, resulting in three reduction peaks commonly verified for TNT on carbon electrodes. Limit of detection of 1.5 μmol L-1, linear range from 5 to 500 μmol L-1 and RSD lower than 4% for 10 repetitive measurements of 100 μmol L-1 TNT were obtained. The proposed devices can be reused after polishing on sandpaper generating new electrode surfaces, which is an extra advantage over chemically-modified electrochemical sensors applied for TNT detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Cardoso
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego P Rocha
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Rocha
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Stefano
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A B Silva
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Monia Kabandana GK, Jones CG, Sharifi SK, Chen C. 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices for Enhanced Online Sampling and Direct Optical Measurements. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2044-2051. [PMID: 32363857 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as a robust technique to fabricate reliable and reproducible microfluidic devices. However, a limitation of 3D-printed devices has been the low transparency even when printed in a "clear" material. There are currently no reports regarding direct optical measurements through a 3D-printed device. Here, we present for the first time that the printing orientation can affect the transparency of a 3D-printed object. With the optimal orientation, we printed a microfluidic detector that was sufficiently transparent (transmittance ≈ 80%) for optical quantitation. This finding is significant because it shows the feasibility to directly 3D-print optical components for analytical applications. In addition, we created a novel microfluidic dialysis device via 3D printing, which enabled higher flow rates (for sampling with high temporal resolution) and increased extraction efficiency than commercially available ones. By coupling the microfluidic detector and dialysis probe, we successfully measured the release kinetics of indole from biofilms in a continuous, automated, and near real-time fashion. Indole is an intercellular signaling molecule in biofilms, which may regulate antibiotic resistance. The release kinetics of this molecule had not been quantitated likely because of the lack of a suitable analytical tool. Our results fill this knowledge gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giraso Keza Monia Kabandana
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Curtis G Jones
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Sahra Khan Sharifi
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Chengpeng Chen
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Su CK, Lin JY. 3D-Printed Column with Porous Monolithic Packing for Online Solid-Phase Extraction of Multiple Trace Metals in Environmental Water Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9640-9648. [PMID: 32618186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used a multimaterial three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology and porous composite filaments (Lay-Fomm, Gel-Lay, and Lay-Felt) to fabricate solid phase extraction (SPE) columns for the enhanced extraction of multiple metal ions. When employed as sample pretreatment devices in an automatic flow injection analysis/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system, these 3D-printed SPE columns performed the near-complete extractions of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ions from natural water samples prior to ICP-MS determination. After optimizing the column fabrication, the extraction conditions, and the automatic analysis system, the column packed with the porous composite Lay-Fomm 40 was found to provide the highest extraction performance-the extraction efficiencies of the listed metal ions were all greater than 99.2%, and the detection limits of the method ranged from 0.3 to 6.7 ng L-1. The detection of these metal ions in several reference materials (CASS-4, SLEW-3, 1640a, and 1643f) validated the reliability of this method; spike analyses of collected water samples (groundwater, river water, and seawater) demonstrated the applicability of the method. The nature of the printing materials enhanced the analytical performance of 3D-printed sample pretreatment devices. Such approaches will be useful to diversify the range of sample preparation schemes and analytical methods enabled by 3DP technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jou-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chin SY, Dikshit V, Meera Priyadarshini B, Zhang Y. Powder-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Device with Micro and Mesoscale Features. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E658. [PMID: 32630141 PMCID: PMC7408550 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Customized manufacturing of a miniaturized device with micro and mesoscale features is a key requirement of mechanical, electrical, electronic and medical devices. Powder-based 3D-printing processes offer a strong candidate for micromanufacturing due to the wide range of materials, fast production and high accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive review of the powder-based three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes and how these processes impact the creation of devices with micro and mesoscale features. This review also focuses on applications of devices with micro and mesoscale size features that are created by powder-based 3D-printing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seow Yong Chin
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.Y.C.); (V.D.); (B.M.P.)
| | - Vishwesh Dikshit
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.Y.C.); (V.D.); (B.M.P.)
| | - Balasankar Meera Priyadarshini
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.Y.C.); (V.D.); (B.M.P.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.Y.C.); (V.D.); (B.M.P.)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Electrochemical synthesis of Prussian blue from iron impurities in 3D-printed graphene electrodes: Amperometric sensing platform for hydrogen peroxide. Talanta 2020; 219:121289. [PMID: 32887031 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This communication shows the electrochemical synthesis of Prussian blue (PB) films on additive manufactured (3D-printed) electrodes from iron impurities found at the graphene-polylactic acid (G/PLA) substrate and its application as a highly selective sensor for H2O2. The 3D-printed G/PLA electrode was immersed in dimethylformamide for 30 min to exposure the iron impurities within the PLA matrix. Next, cyclic voltammograms (200 cycles) in the presence of potassium ferricyanide in 0.1 mol L-1 KCl + 0.01 mol L-1 HCl were performed to grow the PB films. The sensing properties of this novel PB/G/PLA platform were evaluated for the amperometric detection of H2O2 using batch-injection analysis, with a limit of detection of 0.56 μmol L-1 under the application of 0.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl/KClsat.). The applicability of the sensor was demonstrated for the analysis of milk samples (10-fold diluted in the supporting electrolyte), resulting in proper recovery values (94-101%).
Collapse
|
31
|
Nielsen AV, Beauchamp MJ, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. 3D Printed Microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:45-65. [PMID: 31821017 PMCID: PMC7282950 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional microfabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages, including the inability to create truly three-dimensional (3D) architectures, expensive and time-consuming processes when changing device designs, and difficulty in transitioning from prototyping fabrication to bulk manufacturing. 3D printing is an emerging technique that could overcome these disadvantages. While most 3D printed fluidic devices and features to date have been on the millifluidic size scale, some truly microfluidic devices have been shown. Currently, stereolithography is the most promising approach for routine creation of microfluidic structures, but several approaches under development also have potential. Microfluidic 3D printing is still in an early stage, similar to where polydimethylsiloxane was two decades ago. With additional work to advance printer hardware and software control, expand and improve resin and printing material selections, and realize additional applications for 3D printed devices, we foresee 3D printing becoming the dominant microfluidic fabrication method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
| | - Michael J Beauchamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Grazioli C, Svigelj R, Gobbi F, Bontempelli G. A Simple Strategy for Easily Assembling 3D Printed Miniaturized Cells Suitable for Simultaneous Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Analyses. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological ScienceUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia via Campi 183 I-41125 Modena Italy
| | - Cristian Grazioli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Filippo Gobbi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal ScienceUniversity of Udine via Cotonificio 108 I-33100 Udine Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Su W, Li Y, Zhang L, Sun J, Liu S, Ding X. Typography-Like 3D-Printed Templates for the Lithography-Free Fabrication of Microfluidic Chips. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:82-87. [PMID: 31381466 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319867903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Typography-like templates for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printer are presented. This rapid and fast proposed scheme did not require complicated photolithographic fabrication facilities and could deliver resolutions of ~100 μm. Polylactic acid (PLA) was adopted as the material to generate the 3D-printed units, which were then carefully assembled on a glass substrate using a heat-melt-curd strategy. This craft of bonding offers a cost-effective way to design and modify the templates of microfluidic channels, thus reducing the processing time of microfluidic chips. Finally, a flexible microfluidic chip to be employed for cell-based drug screening was developed based on the modularized 3D-printed templates. The lithography-free, typography-like, 3D-printed templates create a modularized fabrication process and promote the prevalence of integrated microfluidic systems with minimal requirements and improved efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Su
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuopeng Liu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Parrilla M, Ortiz-Gómez I, Cánovas R, Salinas-Castillo A, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Wearable Potentiometric Ion Patch for On-Body Electrolyte Monitoring in Sweat: Toward a Validation Strategy to Ensure Physiological Relevance. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8644-8651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus Fuentenueva, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Cánovas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Salinas-Castillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus Fuentenueva, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Satpathy A, Datta P, Wu Y, Ayan B, Bayram E, Ozbolat IT. Developments with 3D bioprinting for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:1115-1129. [PMID: 30384781 PMCID: PMC6494715 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1542427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Although there have been significant contributions from the pharmaceutical industry to clinical practice, several diseases remain unconquered, with the discovery of new drugs remaining a paramount objective. The actual process of drug discovery involves many steps including pre-clinical and clinical testing, which are highly time- and resource-consuming, driving researchers to improve the process efficiency. The shift of modelling technology from two-dimensions (2D) to three-dimensions (3D) is one of such advancements. 3D Models allow for close mimicry of cellular interactions and tissue microenvironments thereby improving the accuracy of results. The advent of bioprinting for fabrication of tissues has shown potential to improve 3D culture models. Areas covered: The present review provides a comprehensive update on a wide range of bioprinted tissue models and appraise them for their potential use in drug discovery research. Expert opinion: Efficiency, reproducibility, and standardization are some impediments of the bioprinted models. Vascularization of the constructs has to be addressed in the near future. While much progress has already been made with several seminal works, the next milestone will be the commercialization of these models after due regulatory approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Satpathy
- a Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur , Howrah , India
| | - Pallab Datta
- a Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur , Howrah , India
| | - Yang Wu
- b Engineering Science and Mechanics Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- c The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , USA
| | - Bugra Ayan
- b Engineering Science and Mechanics Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- c The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , USA
| | - Ertugrul Bayram
- d Medical Oncology Department , Agri State Hospital , Agri , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- b Engineering Science and Mechanics Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- c The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , USA
- e Biomedical Engineering Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- f Materials Research Institute, Penn State University , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Calcagnile P, Cacciatore G, Demitri C, Montagna F, Esposito Corcione C. A Feasibility Study of Processing Polydimethylsiloxane⁻Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Composites by a Low-Cost Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1578. [PMID: 30200428 PMCID: PMC6163707 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques allow the construction of complex physical models reproducing the content of a specific CAD file, and, among them, Fused Deposition Molding (FDM) stands out for its many advantages. The aim of the present work is to perform a feasibility study of 3D printing of a model of human heart to be used to simulate surgical operations or for training through a two-step method based on extrusion and FDM processes. To this purpose, typical extrusion instrumentation and a simple and low-cost FDM printer are employed, in combination with a thermoplastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), chosen for its transparency, flexibility, and high resistance to multiple agents and aging. To improve its tactile properties and mimic the slimy effect of living organs, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na⁻CMC) fibrils are added to it. The starting materials, the neat PDMS filament and the composite one, are deeply characterized in terms of structural, thermal, and rheological properties in order to fix the most suitable extrusion and FDM parameters. The composite filaments show larger diameter and roughness, which cause undesirable effects during 3D printing, such as episodic nozzle obstruction, and exhibit a faster degradation, making the FDM step difficult. Nevertheless, the major issues are related to the low crystallinity degree of the employed polymer. The feasibility study carried out leads to the printing of composite layers, even though far from the desired final target. Possible solutions to print the fully characterized Na⁻CMC/PDMS composite are addressed in the conclusion of this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Calcagnile
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Cacciatore
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Christian Demitri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco Montagna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, Km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|