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Peterka O, Wolrab D, Jirásko R, Kanásová M, Dolečková Z, Holčapek M. Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Lipidomic Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2855:305-314. [PMID: 39354315 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4116-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/MS) method is optimized for the high-throughput quantitation of lipids in human serum and plasma with an emphasis on robustness and accurate quantitation. Bridged ethylene hybrid (BEH) silica column (100 × 3 mm; 1.7 μm) is used for the separation of 17 nonpolar and polar lipid classes in 4.4 min using the positive ion electrospray ionization mode. The lipid class separation approach in UHPSFC/MS results in the coelution of all lipid species within one lipid class in one chromatographic peak, including two exogenous internal standards (IS) per lipid class, which provides the optimal conditions for robust quantitation. The method was validated according to European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration recommendations. UHPSFC/MS combined with LipidQuant software allows a semiautomated process to determine lipid concentrations with a total run time of only 8 min including column equilibration, which enables the analysis of 160 samples per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Peterka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Lipidica, a.s, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Denise Wolrab
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Ares AM, Bernal J, Toribio L. Simultaneous separation of the enantiomers of six anticoagulant rodenticides using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1741:465600. [PMID: 39708527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous separation of the enantiomers of six anticoagulant rodenticides, derived from 4-hydroxycoumarin, has been studied in this work. Ten different stationary phases (zwitterionic, Pirkle-type, polysaccharides and macrocyclic antibiotics derivatives) were evaluated by using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to two different detectors (circular dichroism and mass spectrometry-single quadrupole). The effect of the type of organic modifier and temperature on the chiral separation was investigated, and the best results were obtained with the column Regis S,S-Whelk-O1 at 25 °C when using a gradient elution program with methanol as organic modifier. Considering detection, the highest sensitivity was obtained with the single quadrupole mass spectrometry detector. Under these conditions, eighteen stereoisomers were baseline resolved within 18 min. It should be also mentioned that the columns Chiralpak AS-H, Lux Cellulose-2, Chiralpak AD and Chiralpak Zwix (+) provided also good results for the enantiomeric separation of some individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ares
- I. U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Bernal
- I. U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Toribio
- I. U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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3
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Folprechtová D, Seibert E, Schmid MG, Kalíková K. Advantages of dimethyl carbonate as organic modifier for enantioseparation of novel psychoactive substances in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1332:343380. [PMID: 39580183 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography is regarded as a greener separation technique due to the use of carbon dioxide as the main component of the mobile phase compared to conventional liquid chromatography techniques. Organic co-solvents are usually added to carbon dioxide to increase elution strength of the mobile phase. Therefore, it is of great importance to test applicability of green co-solvents in separation methods and to include them among commonly used mobile phase components. RESULTS A comprehensive study of the suitability of green solvent dimethyl carbonate as a co-solvent for enantioseparation in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography was conducted with a set of novel psychoactive substances from various groups. The experiments were performed on polysaccharide-based columns. For successful enantioseparation of these compounds, the presence of basic or mixed mobile phase additives was essential. The obtained results clearly show that dimethyl carbonate is a suitable co-solvent for enantioseparation on polysaccharide-based columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography and in some cases surpasses commonly used co-solvents as methanol and propan-2-ol. SIGNIFICANCE The use of more sustainable co-solvents, such as dimethyl carbonate, instead of conventional ones to carbon dioxide presents a greener approach to analytical applications and reduces the overall environmental impact of analytical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabeth Seibert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin G Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wang L, Wang X, Liu H, Wang Z, Qi P, Zhao H, Liu Z, Gu C, Di S. Study on the Enantioselective Separation, Dissipation, and Residue of Chiral Fenpropathrin in Vegetables by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:27106-27114. [PMID: 39579126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
Chiral fenpropathrin is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide. A fast supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) method was developed for the enantioselective study of fenpropathrin in five kinds of vegetables. The enantioseparation could be completed in 2 min, and the recoveries were 75.5-107.7% with RSDs of ≤15.2%. The dissipation half-lives of R-fenpropathrin and S-fenpropathrin were 2.32-3.62 days and 1.89-3.56 days, respectively. The dissipation of fenpropathrin was the fastest in cucumbers and the slowest in celery cabbage. R-Fenpropathrin was preferentially dissipated in celery and cucumber, which was opposite in lettuce and pakchoi. The final residues of rac-fenpropathrin in celery cabbage, pakchoi, and lettuce were a little above the European Union's maximum residue limits (MRLs) but less than the China's MRLs. The acute and chronic dietary intake risks of rac-fenpropathrin for all age groups were acceptable. The results would provide a basis for the rational application and risk assessment of fenpropathrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology-Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation-Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology-Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation-Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology-Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation-Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
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Varmužová V, Císařová I, Schulz J, Kalíková K, Štěpnička P. Pd-catalysed C-H bond functionalisation route to 1,2-dihydroferroceno[ c]isoquinoline and its annellated derivatives and the reactivity of these compounds. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39641170 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt03063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
C-H bond functionalisation has developed into a powerful synthetic methodology that is applicable to a wide array of substrates, including organometallic compounds. In this study, racemic, planar-chiral 1,2-dihydroferroceno[c]isoquinoline and analogous helical compounds with one or two additional ortho-fused benzene rings were synthesised by palladium-catalysed C-H bond activation/cyclisation of N-[(bromoaryl)methyl]-N-(methylsulfonyl)aminoferrocenes. These starting materials are readily accessible from FcNHSO2Me (Fc = ferrocenyl) and appropriate vicinal bromo-(bromomethyl)arenes. The racemic products were successfully enantioseparated using chiral chromatography and the representative compound, 1,2-dihydro-2-(methylsulfonyl)ferroceno[c]isoquinoline, was converted to the unstable ferroceno[c]isoquinoline and further used to prepare a heterobimetallic, Fe/Ru bis-metallocene complex via a reaction with [(η5-C5Me5)Ru(MeCN)3][PF6]. All compounds were characterised by spectroscopic methods (NMR, FTIR, and UV-vis) and mass spectrometry and, in most cases, the structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the representative compounds were examined by cyclic voltammetry, and the results were rationalised with the aid of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Varmužová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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6
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Ashraf-Khorassani M, Perfetti TA, Dube MF, Coleman WM, Ferraro JM, Umstead WJ. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Nornicotine Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:492-497. [PMID: 37451696 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
An optimized method employing chiral supercritical fluid chromatography with diode array UV-VIS detection has been developed for the quantitative analysis of nicotine and nornicotine enantiomer distributions. The method parameters that were optimized included: column type (stationary phases, Chiralpak IG-3), column temperature (40°C), modifier types and concentration (isopropyl alcohol, 10%), additive types and concentrations (diethylamine, 0.2%), elution times (<6 min, flow rate 3 mL/min) and resolution factor (>1.2). These optimized conditions led to nicotine and nornicotine enantiomer detection limits of ~5 ng/μL with accompanying %RSD values of <2% from the analyses of commercially available nicotine-containing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfiled Drive,171 Davidson Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Mike F Dube
- Dube180Consulting, LLC, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | | | - John M Ferraro
- Daicel Chiral Technologies, 1475 Dunwoody Dr. Suite 310, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Weston J Umstead
- Daicel Chiral Technologies, 1475 Dunwoody Dr. Suite 310, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
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Queiroz EF, Guillarme D, Wolfender JL. Advanced high-resolution chromatographic strategies for efficient isolation of natural products from complex biological matrices: from metabolite profiling to pure chemical entities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2024; 23:1415-1442. [PMID: 39574436 PMCID: PMC11576662 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-024-09928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
The isolation of pure compounds from extracts represents a key step common to all investigations of natural product (NP) research. Isolation methods have gone through a remarkable evolution. Current approaches combine powerful metabolite profiling methods for compounds annotation with omics mining results and/or bioassay for bioactive NPs/biomarkers priorisation. Targeted isolation of prioritized NPs is performed using high-resolution chromatographic methods that closely match those used for analytical profiling. Considerable progress has been made by the introduction of innovative stationary phases providing remarkable selectivity for efficient NPs isolation. Today, efficient separation conditions determined at the analytical scale using high- or ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography can be optimized via HPLC modelling software and efficiently transferred to the semi-preparative scale by chromatographic calculation. This ensures similar selectivity at both the analytical and preparative scales and provides a precise separation prediction. High-resolution conditions at the preparative scale can notably be granted using optimized sample preparation and dry load sample introduction. Monitoring by ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, and or universal systems such as evaporative light scattering detectors and nuclear magnetic resonance allows to precisely guide the isolation or trigger the collection of specific NPs with different structural scaffolds. Such approaches can be applied at different scales depending on the amounts of NPs to be isolated. This review will showcase recent research to highlight both the potential and constraints of using these cutting-edge technologies for the isolation of plant and microorganism metabolites. Several strategies involving their application will be examined and critically discussed. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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8
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Pilařová V, Socas-Rodríguez B, Nováková L, Essén S, Holm C, Turner C, Sandahl M. Analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites in biological samples - Part I: Optimization and comparison of UHPSFC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1237:124087. [PMID: 38513431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamin D is an essential bioactive compound important for human health. Insufficient vitamin D levels can result not only in bone disease but also in other disorders, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and diseases related to poor immune function. The current methods commonly used for vitamin D analysis are often applied to determine the levels of the most abundant metabolite in plasma, i.e., 25-OH-D2/D3. These methods do not consider the presence of other hydroxylated and esterified metabolites, including isomers and epimers, which are typically found in low concentrations. In this study, we developed a fast and selective ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) method using a 150 mm long 1-amino anthracene (1-AA) column and a mobile phase consisting of carbon dioxide and methanol/isopropanol (1/1, v/v) mixed with 8 % water. After thorough optimization of column temperature and back pressure, the separation of four vitamin D3 esters, vitamin D3 and D2, and eight mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites, including three groups of isomers, was achieved in 10 min. Two ion sources, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization optimized within this study, were compared in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. No significant sensitivity differences were observed. Subsequently, the same 1-AA column chemistry was examined in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) as the stationary phase that could hypothetically bring different selectivity in the separation of vitamin D and its metabolites. However, this hypothesis was rejected, and C18 was used as a stationary phase in the final optimized UHPLC-MS/MS method. Despite detailed optimization, the final 15 min UHPLC method was not able to separate di-hydroxylated isomers of vitamin D3, while it enabled better resolution of esterified forms compared to UHPSFC. Optimized methods provided similar repeatability of retention times and peak areas, with RSD < 2 % and 10 %, respectively. The lowest limits of quantification were in the range of 1.2 - 4.9 ng/mL for UHPSFC-APCI-MS/MS, while for UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS, they were typically in the range of 2.6 - 9.6 ng/mL. Based on the obtained results, the UHPSFC-APCI-MS/MS method was the most promising approach for fast, selective, and sensitive analysis that could be applied in the analysis of biological samples with emphasis on the separation of both hydroxylated and esterified metabolites, including isomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pilařová
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, Sweden; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, Sweden; University of La Laguna, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Essén
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Song C, Jin G, Yu D, Guo Z, Liang X. A nitrogenous heterocyclic ring-bonded stationary phase for separating alkaloids in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464811. [PMID: 38490143 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A novel silica stationary phase was designed and prepared through thiol-epoxy click chemistry for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The developed stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and solid-state 13C/CP MAS NMR spectroscopy. In order to evaluate the chromatographic performance and retention mechanisms of the prepared column, a variety of alkaloids were used, including indoles, isoquinolines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, quinolizidines and organic amines. The stationary phase showed more symmetrical peak shapes and better performance for these compounds compared to the conventional SFC stationary phases. The investigations on the effects of pressure and temperature on retention provided information that the selectivity of the compounds can be improved by changing the density of the supercritical fluids. Moreover, it shows improved separation efficiency of three natural products with alkaloids as the main components at high sample loading. In conclusion, the developed stationary phase could offer flexible selectivity toward alkaloids and complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Song
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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10
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Yuan S, Tan L, Zhao L, Wang F, Cai W, Li J, Wu D, Kong Y. Chiral Ru-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks as An Electrochemiluminescence-Active Platform for the Enantioselective Sensing of Amino Acids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13161-13169. [PMID: 38412557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Although several studies related with the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technique have been reported for chiral discrimination, it still has to face some limitations, namely, complex synthetic pathways and a relatively low recognition efficiency. Herein, this study introduces a facile strategy for the synthesis of ECL-active chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) employed as a chiral recognition platform. In this artificial structure, ruthenium(II) coordinated with the dipyridyl unit of the COF and enantiopure cyclohexane-1,2-diamine was harnessed as the ECL-active unit, which gave strong ECL emission in the presence of the coreactant reagent (K2S2O8). When the as-prepared COF was used as a chiral ECL-active platform, clear discrimination was observed in the response of the ECL intensity toward l- and d-enantiomers of amino acids, including tryptophan, leucine, methionine, threonine, and histidine. The biggest ratio of the ECL intensity between different configurations was up to 1.75. More importantly, a good linear relationship between the enantiomeric composition and the ECL intensity was established, which was successfully employed to determine the unknown enantiomeric compositions of the real samples. In brief, we believe that the proposed ECL-based chiral platform provides an important reference for the determination of the configuration and enantiomeric compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lilan Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Fangqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenrong Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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11
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Ge D, Yang J, Yu Z, Lu J, Chen Y, Jin Y, Ke Y, Fu Q, Liang X. Synthesis and evaluation of aromatic stationary phases based on linear solvation energy relationship model for expanded application in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1716:464640. [PMID: 38219626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, the separation application based on aromatic stationary phases has been demonstrated in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In this paper, four aromatic stationary phases involving aniline (S-aniline), 1-aminonaphthalene (S-1-ami-naph), 1-aminoanthracene (S-1-ami-anth) and 1-aminopyrene (S-1-ami-py) were synthesized based on full porous particles (FPP) silica, which were not end-capped for providing extra electrostatic interaction. Retention mechanism of these phases in SFC was investigated using a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model. The aromatic stationary phases with five positive parameters (a, b, s, e and d+) can provide hydrogen bonding, π-π, dipole-dipole and cation exchange interactions, which belong to the moderate polar phases. The LSER results obtained using routine test solutes demonstrated that the aforementioned interactions of four aromatic stationary phases were influenced by the type and bonding density of the ligand, but to a certain extent. Furthermore, the LSER data verified that the S-1-ami-anth column based on full porous particles silica had higher cation exchange capacity (d+ value), compared to the commercialized 1-AA column (based on the ethylene-bridged hybrid particles). The relationship between the d+ value and SFC additive was quantitatively proved so as to regulate electrostatic interaction reasonably. This value was greatly increased by phosphoric acid, slightly increased by trifluoroacetic acid and formic acid, but significantly reduced by ammonium formate and diethylamine. Taking the S-1-ami-naph column as an example, better peek shape of the flavonoids was obtained after the addition of 0.1 % phosphoric acid in MeOH while isoquinoline alkaloids were eluted successfully within 11 min after adding 0.1 % diethylamine in MeOH. Combined with the unique π-π interaction and controllable electrostatic interaction, the aromatic stationary phases in this study have been proven to have expandable application potential in SFC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zimo Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Key Lab of Natural Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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12
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Avigo L, Furman C, Ghinet A, Sandu T, Wynendaele E, Wielgomas B, De Spiegeleer B, Lipka E. Evaluation of greenness and analytical performances of separative methods for chiral separation of novel lactam-based P2RX7-antagonists. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:218-233. [PMID: 37794622 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was first developed to separate a series of chiral compounds evaluated as lactam-based P2RX7 antagonists. Subsequently, high-performance liquid chromatography, SFC, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were comparatively investigated as QC tools to determine the enantiomeric purity of the separated isomers, including analytical performance and greenness. The screening of the best conditions was carried out in liquid and SFC on the nine derivatives and the amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase was found to be highly efficient. The same screening was carried out in CE and very different conditions, either in acidic or basic background electrolyte and different cyclodextrins used as chiral selectors, allowed the separation of six of the nine derivatives. 1-((3,4-Dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (compound 1) was chosen as a probe, and its semi-preparative separation by SFC and enantiomeric verification using the three techniques are presented. Its limit of detection and limit of quantification are calculated for each method. Finally, the greenness of each quality control method was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Avigo
- Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Furman
- Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodora Sandu
- Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm U1167-Risk Factors and Molecular, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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13
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West C. Supercritical fluid chromatography is not (only) normal-phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464546. [PMID: 38041976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), now using carbon dioxide as a major component of the mobile phase, has been known for over 60 years but still some misunderstandings remain about its capabilities. Amongst them, SFC is often described as a normal-phase chromatographic technique, based on different considerations: polarity of the stationary phase, elution order of the analytes, relative non-polarity of the mobile phase, non-linear retention behaviour, or adsorption retention mechanisms. All of these assumptions are true to a certain extent, and in certain circumstances. But also, all of these assumptions are wrong in different circumstances. In this paper, the criteria to categorize SFC as a normal-phase chromatographic method will be examined individually, considering all knowledge acquired from the early years of its development. Finally, it will appear that the "normal-phase" glass lens is greatly reducing the true extent of SFC's possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline West
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Orleans, CNRS UMR7311, rue de Chartres - BP 6759, Orléans 45067, France.
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14
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Asokan K, Zahir Hussain A, Ilangovan A. Efficient amidation of weak amines: synthesis, chiral separation by SFC, and antimicrobial activity of N-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl) carboxamide. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:309-319. [PMID: 38059916 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
An effective and straightforward method for the synthesis of 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione carboxamides by coupling a weakly reactive amine, 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione, and sterically hindered carboxylic acids was achieved using COMU as the coupling agent. Furthermore, making use of the advantages associated with the super-critical fluid chromatography (SFC) technique, a simplified and straightforward method for the chiral separation of optically active amide derivatives from the impurities associated with the reaction mixture, in a single step, was demonstrated. The antimicrobial activity of selected 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione carboxamides was studied. Advanced NMR and other spectral techniques were used for the thorough characterization of all the compounds. This study provides a general and simplified method for coupling a weak amine with a sterically hindered acid using COMU as a coupling agent, and demonstrates the separation of optically pure compounds from reaction related impurities in a single step using SFC, and identification of amide derivatives of 1-aminoanthracene-9,10-dione as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiravan Asokan
- Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru-562106, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620020, India
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620024, India.
| | - A Zahir Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620020, India
| | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620024, India.
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15
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Yue L, Yeh M, Reilly J, Wang B, Welch CJ, Phan M. Investigation into the performance and stability of immobilized and coated polysaccharide columns in supercritical fluid chromatography. Chirality 2024; 36:e23626. [PMID: 37920131 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of the widely used "golden four" coated chiral stationary phases (Chiralpak AD-3, Chiralcel OD-3, Chiralpak AS-3, and Chiralcel OJ-3) was compared with their corresponding immobilized versions (Chiralpak IA-3, Chiralpak IB-3, Chiralpak IB N-3, Chiralpak IH-3, and Chiralpak IJ-3) under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions with a set of 30 racemic compounds. Using the traditional modifiers, methanol and isopropanol, the immobilized columns (Chiralpak IB N-3 and Chiralpak IH-3) showed an improved general ability to successfully resolve the enantiomers of the target analytes relative to their coated versions (Chiralcel OD-3 and Chiralpak AS-3), while the coated columns (Chiralpak AD-3, Chiralcel OD-3, and Chiralcel OJ-3) performed better than their immobilized versions (Chiralpak IA-3, Chiralpak IB-3, and Chiralpak IJ-3). An investigation of the non-traditional modifiers, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran with immobilized columns, revealed a generally decreased ability to successfully resolve the enantiomers of the target analytes, relative to the use of the traditional modifiers, methanol and isopropanol. The stability of the coated columns (Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H) was evaluated by injecting "forbidden" solvents, including dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran. After 200 injections of these solvents on coated columns, the retention factors and resolutions slightly decreased, and a significant increase in column backpressure was observed, indicating some degree of stationary phase degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeline Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Reilly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bing Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Maria Phan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Yue L, Miller L, Reilly J. Analytical and preparative chiral supercritical fluid chromatography resolutions using crown ether-derived column. Chirality 2024; 36:e23621. [PMID: 37737018 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crown ether-derived column Crownpak® CR-I (+) was evaluated under SFC conditions using 12 primary amines, and the chromatographic results were compared against eight immobilized polysaccharide-based columns. Crownpak® CR-I (+) achieved a significantly higher success rate. It was found that the addition of 5% water to the modifier dramatically improved the peak shape for chiral separation of primary amines on Crownpak® CR-I (+). The first reported preparative SFC separations on Crownpak® CR-I (+) are shown, offering a new approach for the preparative resolution of primary amines. The case studies demonstrate that Crownpak® CR-I (+) is a very useful column in the chiral separation of challenging compounds that contain a primary amine group in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - John Reilly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Dos Santos Pereira A. Effect of water and protic solvents on polysaccharide-based column efficiency. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300538. [PMID: 37888779 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polysaccharide-based columns were used to evaluate the efficiency of columns in response to the introduction of water and protic solvents (methanol and ethanol) into the mobile phase, replacing acetonitrile. While increasing water content frequently enhances enantiomer resolution, the inclusion of water, particularly when combined with methanol and ethanol in the mobile phase, has an adverse impact on mass transfer, thus influencing the column plate height. These effects are more pronounced with ethanol, and in many cases, van Deemter plots exhibit the absence of a minimum point optimal in the explored range. Consequently, acetonitrile and its water mixtures are the preferred choices to mitigate these effects for situations in which the chiral column is operated at a relatively high flow rate (> 1 mL/min in a 4.6 mm column).
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18
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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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19
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Nan Y, Zheng P, Cheng M, Zhao R, Jia H, Liang Q, Li Y, Bao JJ. Enhancement of chiral drugs separation by a novel adjustable gravity mediated capillary electrophoresis combined with sulfonic propyl ether β-CD polymer. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341781. [PMID: 37827633 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble negative sulfonic propyl ether β-CD polymer (SPE-β-CDP) to be used as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis (CE) was polymerized. The sulfonic substitution degree of each β-CD in SPE-β-CDP was statistically homogenized. The only one negative peak in electrophoretogram with indirect ultraviolate method proved its uniformity of electrophoretic behavior. There were 7.12 sulfonic substitution in β-CD unit and 164 μmole β-CD units in each gram of SPE-β-CDP, which corresponded a molecular weight of 7000 or more. Compared with monomer, SPE-β-CDP was lower effect on electrical current of CE, indicating a high concentration of SPE-β-CDP could be added. Its separation ability was verified by 12 chiral drugs. SPE-β-CDP also showed advantages of good water solubility, easy preparation and recovery to reduce the overall cost. However, five of 12 chiral drugs were hardly to be fully separated which was normal for any kind of chiral selector. A newly adjustable gravity mediated capillary electrophoresis (AGM-CE) technology was proposed and combined with SPE-β-CDP to enhance the chiral separation efficiencies of propranolol, salbutamol, omeprazole, ofloxacin and phenoxybenzamine which were markedly improved to 3.02, 1.17, 7.63, 4.14, and 2.81, respectively. Furthermore, its gradient mode (AGMg-CE) was also used to improve resolution through utilizing the zero mobility point, at which the effective apparent mobility of one racemate was zero. Resolutions of five chiral drugs were significantly improved, especially resolution of carvedilol changed from 0.43 to 1.0. These indicated SPE-β-CDP as chiral selector, AGM-CE and AGMg-CE as new CE technologies had a great potential in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Nan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pingyi Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haijiao Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qinggang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Youxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - James J Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Biomics Inc., DE, 17902, USA.
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20
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Jiang D, Yang J, Chen Y, Jin Y, Fu Q, Ke Y, Liang X. An attempt to apply a subtraction model for characterization of non-polar stationary phase in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1701:464071. [PMID: 37236051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study verified the feasibility of using a subtraction model to characterize the non-polar stationary phases (including C4, C8, and phenyl-type) in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The model with 6 terms was expressed as log α = η'H + θ'P + β'A + α'B + κ'C + σ'S, where a term θ'P indicating dipole or induced dipole interaction was intentionally supplemented. Ethylbenzene and SunFire C8 were respectively defined as the reference solute and column. A 7-step modeling procedure was proposed: in the first 6 steps, except σ'S, by the use of a bidirectional fitting method, other parameters were calculated based on the equation: log α = log (ki/kref) ≈ η'H + θ'P + β'A + α'B + κ'C; and in the 7th step, residual analysis was employed to describe the σ'S term according to the equation: σ'S = log αexp. - log αpre. Furthermore, six columns that were not involved in modeling process and 12 compounds with unknown retention were used for methodology validation. It showed good predictions of log k, as demonstrated by adjusted determination coefficient (R2adj) from 0.9927 to 0.9998 (column) and from 0.9940 to 0.9999 (compound), respectively. The subtraction model emphasized the contribution of dipole or induced dipole interaction to the retention in SFC, and it obtained the σ'S term through residual analysis. Moreover, it made reasonable physical-chemical sense as the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model did, with the distinct advantages of better fitting and more accurate prediction. This study provided some new insights into the characterization of non-polar stationary phases in SFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasen Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Key Lab of Natural Medicine, Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
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21
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Kozlov O, Horáková E, Rademacherová S, Maliňák D, Andrýs R, Prchalová E, Lísa M. Direct Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Monoacylglycerol and Diacylglycerol Isomers for the Study of Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerols. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5109-5116. [PMID: 36893116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast and selective separation method of intact monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG) isomers using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) was developed and employed to study lipase selectivity in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TGs). The synthesis of 28 enantiomerically pure MG and DG isomers was performed in the first stage using the most commonly occurring fatty acids in biological samples such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids. To develop the SFC separation method, different chromatographic conditions such as column chemistry, mobile phase composition and gradient, flow rate, backpressure, and temperature were carefully assessed. Our SFC-MS method used a chiral column based on a tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivative of amylose and neat methanol as a mobile phase modifier, which provides baseline separation of all the tested enantiomers in 5 min. This method was used to evaluate hydrolysis selectivity of lipases from porcine pancreas (PPL) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) using nine TGs differing in acyl chain length (14-22 carbon atoms) and number of double bonds (0-6) and three DG regioisomer/enantiomers as hydrolysis intermediate products. PFL exhibited preference of the fatty acyl hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of TG more pronounced for the substrates with long polyunsaturated acyls, while PPL did not show considerable stereoselectivity to TGs. Conversely, PPL preferred hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of prochiral sn-1,3-DG regioisomer, whereas PFL exhibited no preference. Both lipases showed selectivity for the hydrolysis of outer positions of DG enantiomers. The results show complex reaction kinetics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis given by different stereoselectivities for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Horáková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sára Rademacherová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dávid Maliňák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrýs
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Prchalová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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22
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Zhu LW, Xie BY, Liu SZ, Wu YH, Zhang GG, Qiu YK. Development of an On-Line Two-dimensional Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography System for Analysis of Weakly Polar Samples. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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23
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Chirality: An inescapable concept for the pharmaceutical, bio‐pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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24
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Wuest B, Gavrilović I, Cowan D, Torre XDL, Botrè F, Parr MK. Analysis of doping control samples using supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Ready for routine use. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200880. [PMID: 36739523 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography is proving to be a good separation and sample preparation tool for various analytical applications and, as such, has gained the attention of the anti-doping community. Here, the applicability of supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry for routine doping control analysis was tested. A multi-analyte method was developed to cover 197 drugs and metabolites that are prohibited in sport. More than 1000 samples were analyzed by applying a "dilute and inject" approach after hydrolysis of glucuronide metabolites. Additionally, a comparison with routinely used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with 250 of the 1000 samples and a number of past positive anti-doping samples. It revealed some features where supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was found to be complementary or advantageous to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for anti-doping purposes, such as better retention of analytes that are poorly retained in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Our results suggest that supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is sensitive (limit of detection <50% relevant minimum required performance level required by the World Anti-Doping Agency for anti-doping analysis), reproducible, robust, precise (analytes of interest area coefficient of variation <5%; retention time difference coefficient of variation <1%) and complementary to existing techniques currently used for routine analysis in the World Anti-Doping Agency accredited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Gavrilović
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, Drug Control Centre, King's Forensics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Cowan
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Rome, Italy.,Research and Expertise on Antidoping sciences, Institute de sciences du sport, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis: Recent trends in mechanistic studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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26
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Folprechtová D, Schmid MG, Armstrong DW, Kalíková K. The Enantioselective Potential of NicoShell and TeicoShell Columns for Basic Pharmaceuticals and Forensic Drugs in Sub/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:1202. [PMID: 36770866 PMCID: PMC9919078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective potential of two macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases for analysis of 28 structurally diverse biologically active compounds such as derivatives of pyrovalerone, ketamine, cathinone, and other representatives of psychostimulants and antidepressants was evaluated in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography. The chiral selectors immobilized on 2.7 μm superficially porous particles were teicoplanin (TeicoShell column) and modified macrocyclic glycopeptide (NicoShell column). The influence of the organic modifier and different mobile phase additives on the retention and enantioresolution were investigated. The obtained results confirmed that the mobile phase additives, especially water as a single additive or in combination with basic and acidic additives, improve peak shape and enhance enantioresolution. In addition, the effect of temperature was evaluated to optimize the enantioseparation process. Both columns exhibited comparable enantioselectivity, approximately 90% of the compounds tested were enantioseparated, and 30% out of them were baseline enantioresolved under the tested conditions. The complementary enantioselectivity of the macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases was emphasized. This work can be useful for the method development for the enantioseparation of basic biologically active compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin G. Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76016, USA
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Smith C, Vikingsson S, Kronstrand R, Swortwood MJ. Chiral separation and quantitation of methylphenidate, ethylphenidate, and ritalinic acid in blood using supercritical fluid chromatography. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:579-585. [PMID: 36692345 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a technique that analyzes compounds that are temperature-labile, have moderately low weight, or are chiral compounds. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a chiral compound with two chiral centers. MPH has two chiral metabolites, ethylphenidate (EPH) and ritalinic acid (RA). MPH is sold as a racemic mixture. The d-enantiomer of threo-MPH is responsible for medicinal effects. Due to the differing effects of the enantiomers, it is important to analyze the enantiomers individually to better understand their effects. This method utilizes SFCand solid-phase extraction (SPE) to separate and analyze the enantiomers of MPH, EPH, and RA in postmortem blood. The objective of this method was to assess a unique approach with SFC for enantiomeric separation of MPH, EPH, and RA. A SPE method was developed and optimized to isolate the analytes in blood and validated as fit-for-purpose following international guidelines. The linear range for MPH and EPH was 0.25-25 and 10-1000 ng/mL for RA in blood. Bias was -8.6% to 0.8%, and precision was within 15.4% for all analytes. Following method validation, this technique was applied to the analysis of 49 authentic samples previously analyzed with an achiral method. Quantitative results for RA were comparable to achiral technique, whereas there was loss of MPH and EPH over time. The l:d enantiomer ratio was calculated, and MPH demonstrated greater abundance of the d-enantiomer. This is the first known method to separate and quantify the enantiomers of all three analytes utilizing SFC and SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Smith
- Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
| | - Svante Vikingsson
- Center for Forensic Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Kronstrand
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Madeleine J Swortwood
- Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA
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28
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Study of Different Chiral Columns for the Enantiomeric Separation of Azoles Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantiomeric separation of antifungal compounds is an arduous task in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields due to the different properties that each diastereoisomer presents. The enantioseparation of a group of fungicides (sulconazole, bifonazole, triadimefon and triadimenol) using supercritical fluid chromatography was achieved in this work. For this goal, four different chiral columns based on polysaccharide derivatives, as well as the effect of different chromatographic parameters such as temperature, type and percentage of organic modifier (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol), were thoroughly investigated. The inversion of the elution order of enantiomers as a result of a change in the stationary phase or organic modifier was also evaluated by employing a circular dichroism detector. The best separation conditions, in terms of the enantioresolution and analysis time, were obtained with the Lux® Cellulose-2 column using isopropanol as the organic modifier.
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29
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Horáček O, Nováková L, Tüzün E, Grüner B, Švec F, Kučera R. Advanced Tool for Chiral Separations of Anionic and Zwitterionic (Metalla)carboranes: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17551-17558. [PMID: 36475613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuous expansion of research in the field of stable carboranes and their wide potential in the drug design require carrying out fundamental studies regarding their chiral separations. Although supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a viable technique for fast enantioseparations, no investigation concerning boron cluster compounds has been done yet. We aimed at the development of a straightforward method enabling chiral separations of racemic mixtures of anionic cluster carboranes and metallacarboranes that represent an analytical challenge. The fast gradient screening testing nine polysaccharide-based columns was used. The key parameters affecting the selectivity were the type of chiral selector, the type of alcohol, and the base in cosolvent. Moreover, the addition of acetonitrile or water to the cosolvent was identified as an effective tool for decreasing the analysis time while preserving the resolution. After the optimization, the chiral separations of 19 out of 20 selected compounds were achieved in less than 10 min. These results demonstrate the clear advantage of SFC over chiral separations using HPLC in terms of both analysis time and structural variety of successfully separated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ece Tüzün
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, 2030 Hlavova, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Grüner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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30
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Juvancz Z, Bodáné-Kendrovics R, Laczkó Z, Iványi R, Varga E. Chiral Separations of Pyrethroic Acids Using Cyclodextrin Selectors. Molecules 2022; 27:8718. [PMID: 36557853 PMCID: PMC9782444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used. They have low toxicity for warm-blooded living creatures, but high toxicity for both insects and fish. Therefore, it is important to reduce the environmental impact of pyrethroids. Pyrethroic acids are chiral compounds. An effective way to decrease pollution is to use enantio-pure insecticide products instead of their racemic mixtures. Enantiomer-pure products require enantiomer selective synthesis and analysis. The chiral selective analysis of pyrethroic acids (an intermediate of pyrethroids) is also important in terms of process control and from the point of view of their degradation metabolism in the environment. This study used various enantiomeric selective chromatographic methods for the separation of different pyrethroic acids, including gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Systematic experiments were conducted to find the optimum conditions for their chiral separation. The employed enantio-selective agents were cyclodextrin derivatives with different ring sizes and substitution patterns. The β-cyclodextrin proved to be excellent for the chiral separation of these acids. The different chiral recognition mechanisms were established using different ring-sized cyclodextrins. The results of these systematic studies demonstrated the correlations of the chiral selectivity features of selectors and the structures of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Juvancz
- Rejtőff Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Natural Science, Óbuda University, Doberdó út 6, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Bodáné-Kendrovics
- Rejtőff Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Natural Science, Óbuda University, Doberdó út 6, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Laczkó
- Rejtőff Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Natural Science, Óbuda University, Doberdó út 6, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Iványi
- Cyclolab Ltd., Illatos út 7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Feng J, Zhong Q, Zhou T. Online Pressure Change Focusing-Supercritical Fluid Selective Extraction Chromatography for Analyzing Chiral Drugs in Microliter-Scale Plasma Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16222-16230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Feng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Guangzhou Analytical Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou510010, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
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32
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Recent progress on the recovery of bioactive compounds obtained from propolis as a natural resource: Processes, and applications. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Ma X, Zhang C, Cai L. Functional ionic liquids as chiral selector for visual chiral sensing and enantioselective precipitate. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Losacco GL, Cohen RD, DaSilva JO, Haidar Ahmad IA, Sherer EC, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Deuterated Modifiers in Sub/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Streamlined NMR Structure Elucidation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12176-12184. [PMID: 36001377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and chemical characterization of target components in fast-paced pharmaceutical laboratories can often be challenging, especially when dealing with mixtures of closely related, possibly unstable species. Traditionally, this process involves intense labor and manual intervention including chromatographic method development and optimization, fraction collection, and drying processes prior to NMR analyses for unambiguous structure elucidation. To circumvent these challenges, a foundational framework for the proper utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and deuterated modifiers (CD3OD) in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is herein introduced. This facilitates a streamlined multicomponent isolation with minimized protic residues, further enabling immediate NMR analysis. In addition to bypassing tedious drying processes and minimizing analyte degradation, this approach (complementary to traditional reversed-phase liquid chromatography, RPLC) delivers highly efficient separations and automated fraction collection using readily available analytical/midscale SFC instrumentation. A series of diverse analytes across a wide spectrum of chemical properties (acid, basic, and neutral), combined with different stationary-phase columns in SFC are investigated using both a protic organic modifier (CH3OH) and its deuterated counterpart (CD3OD). The power of this framework is demonstrated with pharmaceutically relevant applications in the context of target characterization and analysis of complex multicomponent reaction mixtures from modern synthetic chemistry, demonstrating high isolation yields while reducing both the environmental footprint and manual intervention. This workflow enables unambiguous fast-paced structure elucidation on the analytical scale, providing results that are comparable to traditional, but time-consuming, RPLC purification approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D Cohen
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jimmy O DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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35
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Hu S, Sun T, Li R, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Feng G, Guo X. Comparison of the Performance of Different Bile Salts in Enantioselective Separation of Palonosetron Stereoisomers by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Molecules 2022; 27:5233. [PMID: 36014471 PMCID: PMC9415088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salts are a category of natural chiral surfactants which have ever been used as the surfactant and chiral selector for the separation of many chiral compounds by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). In our previous works, the application of sodium cholate (SC) in the separation of four stereoisomers of palonosetron (PALO) by MEKC has been studied systematically. In this work, the parameters of other bile salts, including sodium taurocholate (STC), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), and sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) in the separation of PALO stereoisomers by MEKC were measured and compared with SC. It was found that all of four bile salts provide chiral recognition for both pairs of enantiomers, as well as achiral selectivity for diastereomers of different degrees. The structure of steroidal ring of bile salts has a greater impact on the separation than the structure of the side chain. The varying separation results by different bile salts were elucidated based on the measured parameters. A model to describe the contributions of the mobility difference of solutes in the aqueous phase and the selectivity of micelles to the chiral and achiral separation of stereoisomers was introduced. Additionally, a new approach to measure the mobility of micelles without enough solubility for hydrophobic markers was proposed, which is necessary for the calculation of separation parameters in MEKC. Under the guidance of derived equations, the separation by SDC and STDC was significantly improved by using lower surfactant concentrations. The complete separation of four stereoisomers was achieved in less than 3.5 min by using 4.0 mM of SDC. In addition, 30.0 mM of STC also provided the complete resolution of four stereoisomers due to the balance of different separation mechanisms. Its applicability for the analysis of a small amount of enantiomeric impurities in the presence of a high concentration of the effective ingredient was validated by a real sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Ge Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xuming Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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36
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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37
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Shah PA, Shrivastav PS, Sharma VS. Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of antihypertensive Drugs: A short review. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Han T, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Application of peptide biomarkers in life analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. Biofactors 2022; 48:725-743. [PMID: 35816279 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomedicine is developing rapidly in the 21st century. Among them, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of peptide biomarkers is of considerable importance for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases and the quality evaluation of drugs and food. The identification and quantitative analysis of peptides have been going on for decades. Traditionally, immunoassays or biological assays are generally used to quantify peptides in biological matrices. However, the selectivity and sensitivity of these methods cannot meet the requirements of the application. The separation and analysis technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) supplies a reliable alternative. In contrast to immunoassays, LC-MS methods are capable of providing the analytical prowess necessary to satisfy the demands of peptide biomarker research in the life sciences arena. This review article provides a historical account of the in-roads made by LC-MS technology for the detection of peptide biomarkers in the past 10 years, with the focus on the qualification/quantification developments and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Teng Y, Gu C, Chen Z, Jiang H, Xiong Y, Liu D, Xiao D. Advances and applications of chiral resolution in pharmaceutical field. Chirality 2022; 34:1094-1119. [PMID: 35676772 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The attention to chiral drugs has been raised to an unprecedented level as drug discovery and development strategies grow rapidly. However, separation of enantiomers is still a huge task, which leads to an increasing significance to equip a wider range of expertise in chiral separation science to meet the current and future challenges. In the last few decades, remarkable progress of chiral resolution has been achieved. This review summarizes and classifies chiral resolution methods in analytical scale and preparative scale systematically and comprehensively, including crystallization-based method, inclusion complexation, chromatographic separation, capillary electrophoresis, kinetic resolution, liquid-liquid extraction, membrane-based separation, and especially one bold new progress based on chiral-induced spin selectivity theory. The advances and recent applications will be presented in detail, in which the contents may bring more thinking to wide-ranging readers in various professional fields, from analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, natural medicinal chemistry, to manufacturing of drug production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglu Gu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuhui Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Liu'an, China
| | - Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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40
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Tanács D, Berkecz R, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E, Armstrong DW, Péter A, Ilisz I. Macrocykclic glycopeptides- and derivatized cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases for the enantioseparation of fluorinated ß-phenylalanine analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Losacco GL, DaSilva JO, Haidar Ahmad IA, Mangion I, Berger TA, Regalado EL. Parallel chiral sub/supercritical fluid chromatography screening as a framework for accelerated purification of pharmaceutical targets. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Deidda R, Dispas A, De Bleye C, Hubert P, Ziemons É. Critical review on recent trends in cannabinoid determination on cannabis herbal samples: From chromatographic to vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Vaňkátová P, Kubíčková A, Kalíková K. Enantioseparation of liquid crystals and their utilization as enantiodiscrimination materials. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roskam G, van de Velde B, Gargano A, Kohler I. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Analysis, Part 2: Applications. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.fn8374q5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the second part of this review article, the recent progress in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for enantiomeric separations is evaluated. With the substantial developments carried out over the past years in instrumentation, columns, and detector hyphenation, the interest in chiral SFC has been steadily growing in various fields. In combination with novel developments in chiral stationary phase chemistries, the enantioselective analysis range has been significantly extended. Several applications reported on the enantioselective separation of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds using chiral SFC are discussed, including pharmaceutical applications, clinical research, forensic toxicology, and environmental sciences.
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Lugasi L, Otis G, Oliel M, Margel S, Mastai Y. Chirality of proteinoid nanoparticles made of lysine and phenylalanine. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liroy Lugasi
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Gil Otis
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Matan Oliel
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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46
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Guo D, Zhou X, Muhammad N, Huang S, Zhu Y. An overview of poly (amide-amine) dendrimers functionalized chromatographic separation materials. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462960. [PMID: 35305456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromatography is one of the most important separation techniques in analytical chemistry. In which, the separation materials are the core for good separation results. Poly (amide-amine) dendrimers with regular three-dimensional structure, abundant terminal groups, controllable molecule chains, and unique cavities appear to have a positive impact on chromatographic separation materials. In the past decades, poly (amide-amine) grafted adsorbents and stationary phases have presented high grafting efficiency, controllable surface structure, good dispersion, and wide practical applications. In this review, the prepared poly (amide-amine) functionalized separation materials and their applications are systematically summarized. Functions, significance, structure-actvity relationships and benefits of poly (amide-amine) dendrimers in the proposed separation materials are discussed in detail. And we hope to provide a useful reference for the future development of chromatographic separation materials and inspire new discoveries in the study of poly (amide-amine) functionalized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center for Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Nadeem Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center for Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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Lidi G, Xingfang H, Shili Q, Hongtao C, Xuan Z, Bingbing W. l-Cysteine modified metal-organic framework as a chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6063-6075. [PMID: 35424547 PMCID: PMC8981955 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new kind of chiral zirconium based metal-organic framework, l-Cys-PCN-222, was synthesized using l-cysteine (l-Cys) as a chiral modifier by a solvent-assisted ligand incorporation approach and utilized as the chiral stationary phase in the capillary electrochromatography system. l-Cys-PCN-222 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, circular dichroism spectrum, zeta-potential and so on. The results revealed that l-Cys-PCN-222 had the advantages of good crystallinity, high specific surface area (1818 m2 g-1), thermal stability and chiral recognition performance. Meanwhile, the l-Cys-PCN-222-bonded open-tubular column was prepared using l-Cys-PCN-222 particles as the solid phase by 'thiol-ene' click chemistry reaction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, which proved the successful bonding of l-Cys-PCN-222 to the column inner wall. Finally, the stability, reproducibility and chiral separation performance of the l-Cys-PCN-222-bonded OT column were measured. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of the column efficiencies for run-to-run, day-to-day, column-to-column and runs were 1.39-6.62%, and did not obviously change after 200 runs. The enantiomeric separation of 17 kinds of chiral compounds including acidic, neutral and basic amino acids, imidazolinone and aryloxyphenoxypropionic pesticides, and fluoroquinolones were achieved in the l-Cys-PCN-222-bonded OT column. These results demonstrated that the chiral separation system of the chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) coupled with capillary electrochromatography has good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Lidi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Hu Xingfang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Qin Shili
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Chu Hongtao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Zhao Xuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006 China +86 0452 2738214
| | - Wang Bingbing
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University Qiqihar 161006 China
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48
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Lipka E. Contribution of supercritical fluid chromatography to serially coupling columns for chiral and achiral separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Qiu X, Liu Y, Zhao T, Zuo L, Ma X, Shan G. Separation of chiral and achiral impurities in paroxetine hydrochloride in a single run using supercritical fluid chromatography with a polysaccharide stationary phase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 208:114458. [PMID: 34768158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Separating paroxetine hydrochloride and its impurities using conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is challenging due to their highly similar structures. In the present study, a rapid, simple, sensitive and environmentally friendly method was developed for the determination of chiral and achiral impurities in raw materials of paroxetine hydrochloride using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The impacts of chiral stationary phases (CSPs), mobile phases, column temperature and back pressure on the retention and separation of analytes were comprehensively evaluated. After method optimization, a satisfying result was obtained on a cellulose tris-(3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase in 4.0 min using 70% CO2 and 20 mM ammonium acetate in 30% methanol as the mobile phase. Molecular docking was further performed to understand the interactions between the analytes and CSP. The results suggested that hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions were the dominant interactions. The affinity given by the software was in good agreement with the elution order and free energy (△G) values obtained from van't Hoff equations. The results of molecular docking also provide insights into the different retentions of N-methylparoxetine at different temperatures. The results of method validation revealed that the method was sensitive with a limit of detection of approximately 0.05 μg·mL-1 (corresponding to approximately 0.005% paroxetine hydrochloride in the sample solution). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of precision and intra-assay precision were all less than 2.0%, and the recoveries of the method were 93.8~105.3% with RSDs less than 3.0%. The chiral and achiral RPLC methods included in the Chinese pharmacopoeia and the SFC method proposed in this study were simultaneously used to determine the impurity content in the raw materials of paroxetine hydrochloride. The results showed that impurities that cannot be detected by the reference method can be accurately quantified using the SFC method. In addition, the SFC method has advantages in terms of throughput, analysis cost and simplicity. This study can provide a reference for further research of impurities in paroxetine hydrochloride and promote the application of chiral SFC in the rapid separation of structurally similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qiu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Tian Tan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Tian Tan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Tian Tan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Limin Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Tian Tan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xun Ma
- China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tian Tan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guangzhi Shan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Tian Tan Xi Li, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
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Pandya PA, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Simultaneous enantioseparation and simulation studies of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol on Chiralpak® IG column using supercritical fluid chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2022; 11:746-756. [PMID: 35028180 PMCID: PMC8740114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioseparation of three β-blockers, i.e., atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol, was studied on amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) immobilized chiral stationary phase using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The effect of organic modifiers (methanol, isopropanol and their mixture), column temperature and back pressure on chiral separation of β-blockers was evaluated. Optimum chromatographic separation with respect to resolution, retention, and analysis time was achieved using a mixture of CO2 and 0.1% isopropyl amine in isopropanol: methanol (50:50, V/V), in 75:25 (V/V) ratio. Under the optimized conditions, the resolution factors (Rs) and separation factors (α) were greater than 3.0 and 1.5, respectively. Further, with increase in temperature (25–45 °C) and pressure (100–150 bars) there was corresponding decrease in retention factors (k), α and Rs. However, a reverse trend (α and Rs) was observed for atenolol with increase in temperature. The thermodynamic data from van't Hoff plots revealed that the enantioseparation was enthalpy driven for metoprolol and propranolol while entropy driven for atenolol. To understand the mechanism of chiral recognition and the elution behavior of the enantiomers, molecular docking studies were performed. The binding energies obtained from simulation studies were in good agreement with the elution order found experimentally and also with the free energy values. The method was validated in the concentration range of 0.5–10 μg/mL for all the enantiomers. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation ranged from 0.126 to 0.137 μg/mL and 0.376–0.414 μg/mL, respectively. The method was used successfully to analyze these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations. Simultaneous enantioseparation of three β-blockers in a single analysis using chiral SFC Separation efficiency was mainly dependent on the nature and composition of mobile phase van't Hoff plots revealed enthalpy driven process for metoprolol and propranolol and entropy driven for atenolol Binding energies from molecular docking study were in good agreement with the elution order The results suggested hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, as the dominant interaction modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav A Pandya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
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