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Hooshyari Ardakani M, Nosengo C, Felletti S, Catani M, Cavazzini A, De Luca C, Rezadoost H. Enhancing the purification of crocin-I from saffron through the combination of multicolumn countercurrent chromatography and green solvents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05228-6. [PMID: 38459965 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Crocin-I, a valuable natural compound found in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), is the most abundant among the various crocin structures. Developing a cost-effective and scalable purification process to produce high-purity crocin-I is of great interest for future investigations into its biological properties and its potential applications in the treatment of neurological disorders. However purifying crocin-I through single-column preparative chromatography (batch) poses a yield-purity trade-off due to structural similarities among crocins, meaning that the choice of the collection window sacrifices either yield in benefit of higher purity or vice versa. This study demonstrates how the continuous countercurrent operating mode resolves this dilemma. Herein, a twin-column MCSGP (multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification) process was employed to purify crocin-I. This study involved an environmentally friendly ethanolic extraction of saffron stigma, followed by an investigation into the stability of the crocin-I within the feed under varying storage conditions to ensure a stable feed composition during the purification. Then, the batch purification process was initially designed, optimized, and subsequently followed by the scale-up to the MCSGP process. To ensure a fair comparison, both processes were evaluated under similar conditions (e.g., similar total column volume). The results showed that, at a purity grade of 99.7%, the MCSGP technique demonstrated significant results, namely + 334% increase in recovery + 307% increase in productivity, and - 92% reduction in solvent consumption. To make the purification process even greener, the only organic solvent employed was ethanol, without the addition of any additive. In conclusion, this study presents the MCSGP as a reliable, simple, and economical technique for purifying crocin-I from saffron extract, demonstrating for the first time that it can be effectively applied as a powerful approach for process intensification in the purification of natural products from complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hooshyari Ardakani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chiara Nosengo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA, Via Della Navicella 2/4, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for International Scientific Studies & Collaboration (CISSC), Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Hemida M, Haidar Ahmad IA, Barrientos RC, Regalado EL. Computer-assisted multifactorial method development for the streamlined separation and analysis of multicomponent mixtures in (Bio)pharmaceutical settings. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1293:342178. [PMID: 38331548 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The (bio)pharmaceutical industry is rapidly moving towards complex drug modalities that require a commensurate level of analytical enabling technologies that can be deployed at a fast pace. Unsystematic method development and unnecessary manual intervention remain a major barrier towards a more efficient deployment of meaningful analytical assay across emerging modalities. Digitalization and automation are key to streamline method development and enable rapid assay deployment. This review discusses the use of computer-assisted multifactorial chromatographic method development strategies for fast-paced downstream characterization and purification of biopharmaceuticals. Various chromatographic techniques such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), ion exchange chromatography (IEX), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are addressed and critically reviewed. The most significant parameters for retention mechanism modelling, as well as mapping the separation landscape for optimal chromatographic selectivity and resolution are also discussed. Furthermore, several computer-assisted approaches for optimization and development of chromatographic methods of therapeutics, including linear, nonlinear, and multifactorial modelling are outlined. Finally, the potential of the chromatographic modelling and computer-assisted optimization strategies are also illustrated, highlighting substantial productivity improvements, and cost savings while accelerating method development, deployment and transfer processes for therapeutic analysis in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hemida
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States.
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States.
| | - Rodell C Barrientos
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
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3
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Crowley L, Cashen P, Noverraz M, Lobedann M, Nestola P. Reviewing the process intensification landscape through the introduction of a novel, multitiered classification for downstream processing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:877-893. [PMID: 38214109 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A demand for process intensification in biomanufacturing has increased over the past decade due to the ever-expanding market for biopharmaceuticals. This is largely driven by factors such as a surge in biosimilars as patents expire, an aging population, and a rise in chronic diseases. With these market demands, pressure upon biomanufacturers to produce quality products with rapid turnaround escalates proportionally. Process intensification in biomanufacturing has been well received and accepted across industry based on the demonstration of its benefits of improved productivity and efficiency, while also reducing the cost of goods. However, while these benefits have been shown empirically, the challenges of adopting process intensification into industry remain, from smaller independent start-up to big pharma. Traditionally, moving from batch to a process intensification scheme has been viewed as an "all or nothing" approach involving continuous bioprocessing, in which the factors of complexity and significant capital costs hinder its adoption. In addition, the literature is crowded with a variety of terms used to describe process intensification (continuous, periodic counter-current, connected, intensified, steady-state, etc.). Often, these terms are used inappropriately or as synonyms, which generates confusion in the field. Through a detailed review of current state-of-the-art systems, consumables, and process intensification case studies, we herein propose a defined approach in the implementation of downstream process intensification through a standardized nomenclature and viewing it as distinct independent levels. These can function separately as intensified single-unit operations or be built upon by integration with other process steps allowing for simple, incremental, cost-effective implementation of process intensification in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Crowley
- Sartorius Stedim North America Inc, Bohemia, New York, USA
| | - Paul Cashen
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
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4
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Bozza D, De Luca C, Felletti S, Spedicato M, Presini F, Giovannini PP, Carraro M, Macis M, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Ricci A, Cabri W. Dimethyl carbonate as a green alternative to acetonitrile in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Part II: Purification of a therapeutic peptide. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464530. [PMID: 38035518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Preparative liquid chromatography in reversed phase conditions (RPLC) is the most common approach adopted in the downstream processing for the purification of therapeutic peptides at industrial level. Due to the strict requirements on the quality imposed by the Regulatory Agencies, routinary methods based on the use of aqueous buffers and acetonitrile (ACN) as organic modifier are commonly used, where ACN is practically the only available choice for the purification of peptide derivatives. However, ACN is known to suffers of many shortcomings, such as drastic shortage in the market, high costs and, most importantly, it shows unwanted toxicity for human health and environment, which led it among the less environmentally friendly ones. For this reason, the selection of a suitable alternative becomes crucial for the sustainable downstream processing of peptides and biopharmaceuticals in general. In this paper, a promising green solvent, namely dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been used for the separation of a peptide not only in linear conditions but also for its purification through non-linear overloaded chromatography. The performance of the process has been compared to that achievable with the common method where ACN is used as organic modifier and to that obtained with two additional solvents (namely ethanol and isopropanol), already used as greener alternatives to ACN. This proof-of-concept study showed that, thanks to its higher elution strength, DMC can be considered a green alternative to ACN, since it allows to reduce method duration while reaching good purities and recoveries. Indeed, at a target purity fixed to 98.5 %, DMC led to the best productivity with respect to all the other solvents tested, confirming its suitability as a sustainable alternative to ACN for the purification of complex biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Matteo Spedicato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Marco Carraro
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via della Navicella 2/4, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy.
| | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, via San Leonardo 23, Villadose, Rovigo 45010, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Sun YN, Chen WW, Yao SJ, Lin DQ. Model-assisted process development, characterization and design of continuous chromatography for antibody separation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1707:464302. [PMID: 37607430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Continuous manufacturing in monoclonal antibody production has generated increased interest due to its consistent quality, high productivity, high equipment utilization, and low cost. One of the major challenges in realizing continuous biological manufacturing lies in implementing continuous chromatography. Given the complex operation mode and various operation parameters, it is challenging to develop a continuous process. Due to the process parameters being mainly determined by the breakthrough curves and elution behaviors, chromatographic modeling has gradually been used to assist in process development and characterization. Model-assisted approaches could realize multi-parameter interaction investigation and multi-objective optimization by integrating continuous process models. These approaches could reduce time and resource consumption while achieving a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the process. This paper reviews the application of modeling tools in continuous chromatography process development, characterization and design. Model-assisted process development approaches for continuous capture and polishing steps are introduced and summarized. The challenges and potential of model-assisted process characterization are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research on the design space determination strategy and parameter robustness analysis method. Additionally, some model applications for process design were highlighted to promote the establishment of the process optimization and process simulation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wu-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fu Q, Polanco A, Lee YS, Yoon S. Critical challenges and advances in recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2601-2621. [PMID: 37126355 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for genetic and acquired diseases nowadays. Among DNA delivery vectors, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is one of the most effective and safest vectors used in commercial drugs and clinical trials. However, the current yield of rAAV biomanufacturing lags behind the necessary dosages for clinical and commercial use, which embodies a concentrated reflection of low productivity of rAAV from host cells, difficult scalability of the rAAV-producing bioprocess, and high levels of impurities materialized during production. Those issues directly impact the price of gene therapy medicine in the market, limiting most patients' access to gene therapy. In this context, the current practices and several critical challenges associated with rAAV gene therapy bioprocesses are reviewed, followed by a discussion of recent advances in rAAV-mediated gene therapy and other therapeutic biological fields that could improve biomanufacturing if these advances are integrated effectively into the current systems. This review aims to provide the current state-of-the-art technology and perspectives to enhance the productivity of rAAV while reducing impurities during production of rAAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashli Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Kim TK, Bham AA, Fioretti I, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Role of the gradient slope during the product internal recycling for the multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification of PEGylated proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463868. [PMID: 36803771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein PEGylation, i.e. functionalization with poly(ethylene glycol) chains, has been demonstrated an efficient way to improve the therapeutic index of these biopharmaceuticals. We demonstrated that Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is an efficient process for the separation of PEGylated proteins (Kim et al., Ind. and Eng. Chem. Res. 2021, 60, 29, 10764-10776), thanks to the internal recycling of product-containing side fractions. This recycling phase plays a critical role in the economy of MCSGP as it avoids wasting valuable product, but at the same time impacts its productivity extending the overall process duration. In this study, our aim is to elucidate the role of the gradient slope within this recycling stage on the yield and productivity of MCSGP for two case-studies: PEGylated lysozyme and an industrially relevant PEGylated protein. While all the examples of MCSGP in the literature refer to a single gradient slope in the elution phase, for the first time we systematically investigate three different gradient configurations: i) a single gradient slope throughout the entire elution, ii) recycling with an increased gradient slope, to shed light on the competition between volume of the recycled fraction and required inline dilution and iii) an isocratic elution during the recycling phase. The dual gradient elution proved to be a valuable solution for boosting the recovery of high-value products, with the potential for alleviating the pressure on the upstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Abdallah Ayub Bham
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Ismaele Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano, Italy.
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8
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Khanal O. Mathematical modeling and process analytical technology for continuous chromatography of biopharmaceutical products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102796. [PMID: 36152423 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography is a widely used separation method that is inherently a batch operation. However, the demand for higher productivity and lower cost and labor has prompted industries such as the petrochemical and food industries to transition from batch to continuous chromatography. Growing market competition in the biopharmaceutical industry and the rise of novel biotherapeutics modalities have brought about promising continuous chromatography methods as well as next-generation tools to enable continuous operation in bioprocessing. While these continuous chromatography methods outperform their batch counterpart, their implementation presents challenges due to their greater complexity. This review discusses two key technologies that are essential for the implementation of continuous chromatography: mathematical modeling and novel process analytical technologies. Mechanistic-based models not only aid in process development and optimization but also allow for greater process control and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Khanal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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9
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Kim TK, Sechi B, Romero Conde JJ, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Design and economic investigation of a Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification unit for the separation of an industrially relevant PEGylated protein. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463487. [PMID: 36115185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of biopharmaceuticals to polyethylene glycol chains, known as PEGylation, is nowadays an efficient and widely exploited strategy to improve critical properties of the active molecule, including stability, biodistribution profile, and reduced clearance. A crucial step in the manufacturing of PEGylated drugs is the purification. The reference process in industrial settings is single-column chromatography, which can meet the stringent purity requisites only at the expenses of poor product recoveries. A valuable solution to this trade-off is the Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP), which allows the internal and automated recycling of product-containing side fractions that are typically discarded in the batch processes. In this study, an ad hoc design procedure was applied to the single-column batch purification of an industrially relevant PEGylated protein, with the aim of defining optimal collection window, elution duration and elution buffer ionic strength to be then transferred to the MCSGP. This significantly alleviates the design of the continuous operation, subjected to manifold process parameters. The MCSGP designed by directly transferring the optimal parameters allowed to improve the yield and productivity by 8.2% and 17.8%, respectively, when compared to the corresponding optimized batch process, ensuring a purity specification of 98.0%. Once the efficacy of MCSGP was demonstrated, a detailed analysis of its cost of goods was performed and compared to the case of single-column purification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a detailed economic investigation of the MCSGP across different manufacturing scenarios and process cadences of industrial relevance, which demonstrated not only the viability of this continuous technology but also its flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Benedetta Sechi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Juan Jose Romero Conde
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb Inc., Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy.
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10
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Lievore G, Weldon R, Catani M, Cavazzini A, Müller-Späth T. Enrichment and recovery of oligonucleotide impurities by N-Rich twin-column continuous chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1209:123439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Schwaminger SP, Zimmermann I, Berensmeier S. Current research approaches in downstream processing of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102768. [PMID: 35930843 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals and their production are on the rise. They are needed to treat and to prevent multiple diseases. Therefore, an urgent need for process intensification in downstream processing (DSP) has been identified to produce biopharmaceuticals more efficiently. The DSP currently accounts for the majority of production costs of pharmaceutically relevant proteins. This short review gathers essential research over the past 3 years that addresses novel solutions to overcome this bottleneck. The overview includes promising studies in the fields of chromatography, aqueous two-phase systems, precipitation, crystallization, magnetic separation, and filtration for the purification of pharmaceutically relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Ines Zimmermann
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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12
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Benefits of a Mixed-Mode Stationary Phase to Address the Challenging Purification of an Industrially Relevant Peptide: A Proof-of-Concept Study. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are a class of biomolecules with a great potential from the therapeutic point of view, because of their unique biological properties. Industrially, the production stategies adopted produce both the target peptide and a series of impurities that must be removed. Preparative chromatography is the technique of choice for the large-scale purification of biomolecules, generally performed in reversed-phase mode, using hydrophobic adsorbents (e.g., C8 stationary phases). A promising and innovative alternative is represented by mixed-mode columns, which bear two different ligands on the particle surface, exploiting two different retention mechanisms to improve the separation. This work represents a proof-of-concept study focused on the comparison of a hydrophobic adsorbent and a mixed-mode one (bearing both hydrophobic groups and charged ones) for the purification of a crude peptide mixture. Thanks to more-favourable thermodynamics, it was found that, when collecting the whole peak excluding fractions of the peak tail, the mixed-mode column led to an increase in the recovery of roughly +15%, together with a slight improvement in purity at the same time, with respect to the traditional hydrophobic column. In addition, if the whole peak, including the tail, is collected, the performance of the two columns are similar in terms of purity and recovery, but the pepetide elutes as a narrower peak with the mixed mode. This leads to a collection pool showing a much-higher peptide concentration and to lower solvent volumes needed, which is a beneficial achievement when targeting more sustainable processes. These results are very advantageous from the industrial viewpoint, because they also involve a decrease in the peptide amount contained in the peak tail, which must be reprocessed again to satisfy purity requirements.
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13
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De Luca C, Buratti A, Krauke Y, Stephan S, Monks K, Brighenti V, Pellati F, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Felletti S. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5385-5395. [PMID: 35146546 PMCID: PMC9242945 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports about a screening of four adsorbents with different polarity employed for the separation of the main phytocannabinoids contained in Cannabis sativa L., under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). The effect of polarity and type of interaction mechanisms of the adsorbents (namely Si-, CN-, Diol-, and NH2-based SPs) on retention has been investigated under a variety of conditions either by using different combinations of apolar solvents (heptane or hexane) and alcohols (ethanol or isopropanol). The columns have also been employed for the separation of a real cannabis sample. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svea Stephan
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Narayanan H, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M. Integration and digitalization in the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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De Luca C, Lievore G, Bozza D, Buratti A, Cavazzini A, Ricci A, Macis M, Cabri W, Felletti S, Catani M. Downstream Processing of Therapeutic Peptides by Means of Preparative Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2021; 26:4688. [PMID: 34361839 PMCID: PMC8348516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The market of biomolecules with therapeutic scopes, including peptides, is continuously expanding. The interest towards this class of pharmaceuticals is stimulated by the broad range of bioactivities that peptides can trigger in the human body. The main production methods to obtain peptides are enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, recombinant approach and, especially, chemical synthesis. None of these methods, however, produce exclusively the target product. Other species represent impurities that, for safety and pharmaceutical quality reasons, must be removed. The remarkable production volumes of peptide mixtures have generated a strong interest towards the purification procedures, particularly due to their relevant impact on the manufacturing costs. The purification method of choice is mainly preparative liquid chromatography, because of its flexibility, which allows one to choose case-by-case the experimental conditions that most suitably fit that particular purification problem. Different modes of chromatography that can cover almost every separation case are reviewed in this article. Additionally, an outlook to a very recent continuous chromatographic process (namely Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification, MCSGP) and future perspectives regarding purification strategies will be considered at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (A.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy; (A.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.D.L.); (G.L.); (D.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.)
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16
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Kim TK, Botti C, Angelo J, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M. Experimental Design of the Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) Unit for the Separation of PEGylated Proteins. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Chiara Botti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - James Angelo
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inc., Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
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17
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Bozza D, Lievore G, Morbidelli M, Sponchioni M, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Cabri W, Macis M, Ricci A. Process Intensification for the Purification of Peptidomimetics: The Case of Icatibant through Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP). Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, I&D, Via San Leonardo 23, Villadose (Rovigo), 45010, Italy
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