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Gui R, Jin H. Organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH for biosensing, bioimaging and biotherapeutics applications. Talanta 2024; 275:126171. [PMID: 38703479 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH (DFR-MPs-pH) have been attracting much interest in fundamental application research fields. More and more scientific publications have reported the exploration of various DFR-MPs-pH systems that have unique dual-fluorescence ratiometry as the signal output, in-built and signal self-calibration functions to improve precise detection of targets. DFR-MPs-pH systems possess high-performance applications in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine fields. This review has comprehensively summarized recent advances of DFR-MPs-pH for the first time. First of all, the compositions and types of DFR-MPs-pH are introduced by summarizing different organic fluorophores-based molecule systems. Then, construction strategies are analyzed based on specific components, structures, properties and functions of DFR-MPs-pH. Afterward, biosensing and bioimaging applications are discussed in detail, primarily referring to pH sensing and imaging detection at the levels of living cells and small animals. Finally, biomedicine applications are fully summarized, majorly involving bio-toxicity evaluation, bio-distribution, biomedical diagnosis and therapeutics. Meanwhile, the current status, challenges and perspectives are rationally commented after detailed discussions of representative and state-of-the-art studies. Overall, this present review is comprehensive, in-time and in-depth, and can facilitate the following further exploration of new and versatile DFR-MPs-pH systems toward rational design, facile preparation, superior properties, adjustable functions and highly efficient applications in promising fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China
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2
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Nie J, Tang X, Wei J, Li Z, Zhou B, Dai X, Wu W, Ni Z. Fluorescent Biomass-Based Platform for Detection of ClO - in Cells and Water-Soluble Systems. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:217-226. [PMID: 38190986 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231219524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The generation and presence of excessive hypochlorous acid derivative ionic form (ClO-) could cause various diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, DNA damage, and cardiovascular illness. It is a critical need to develop a highly sensitive sensor for reliable detection of ClO- in cells and water-soluble systems. In this work, a hydroxyl group has been introduced into the compound 2-amino-3-(((E)-4-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)benzylidene)amino)maleonitrile (NDC) to increase its solubility in water, at the same time, the hydrazone unit was designed as a specific recognition group for the "off-on" fluorescence probe of ClO-. The probe NDC presents high selectivity, sensitivity, anti-interference, and low detection limit (67 nM) for ClO-. The recognition mechanism that ClO- breaks the C=N bond and forms the fluorescent compound 4-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)benzaldehyde (ND-3) has been confirmed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The probe NDC presents a good performance in the actual test of water samples and can be designed as the test papers for the quick and convenient detection of ClO- range from 0 to 1 μM. Moreover, the practical application was demonstrated by the successful imaging of endogenous and exogenous ClO- in HeLa cells. Our fluorescent biomass-based platform opens vast possibilities for repeatability, sensitivity, and selectivity detection of ClO- in cells and water-soluble systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Institute of Building Intelligence, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxue Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zebiao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhonghai Ni
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Weng P, Li C, Liu Q, Tang Z, Zhou Z, Chen S, Hao Y, Xu M. A ternary nucleotide-lanthanide coordination nanoprobe for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ciprofloxacin. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4667. [PMID: 38178733 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic and has been associated with various side effects, making its accurate detection crucial for patient safety, drug quality compliance, and environmental and food safety. This study presents the development of a ternary nucleotide-lanthanide coordination nanoprobe, GMP-Tb-BDC (GMP: guanosine 5'-monophosphate, BDC: 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid), for the sensitive and ratiometric detection of CIP. The GMP-Tb-BDC nanoprobe was constructed by incorporating the blue-emissive ligand BDC into the Tb/GMP coordination polymers. Upon the addition of CIP, the fluorescence of terbium ion (Tb3+ ) was significantly enhanced due to the coordination and fluorescence sensitization properties of CIP, while the emission of the BDC ligand remained unchanged. The nanoprobe demonstrated good linearity in the concentration range of 0-10 μM CIP. By leveraging mobile phone software to analyze the color signals, rapid on-site analysis of CIP was achieved. Furthermore, the nanoprobe exhibited accurate analysis of CIP in actual drug and milk samples. This study showcases the potential of the GMP-Tb-BDC nanoprobe for practical applications in CIP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Weng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Chunlan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qiuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zaichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
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Wen Y, Sun D, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen L, Li J. Molecular imprinting-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors for environmental and food analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:3971-3985. [PMID: 37528730 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental protection and food safety are closely related to the healthy development of human society; there is an urgent need for relevant analytical methods to determine environmental pollutants and harmful substances in food. Molecular imprinting-based ratiometric fluorescence (MI-RFL) sensors, constructed by combining molecular imprinting recognition and ratiometric fluorescence detection, possess remarkable advantages such as high selectivity, anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, non-destruction and convenience, and have attracted increasing interest in the field of analytical determination. Herein, recent advances in MI-RFL sensors for environmental and food analysis are reviewed, aiming at new construction strategies and representative determination applications. Firstly, fluorescence sources and possible sensing principles are briefly outlined. Secondly, new imprinting techniques and dual/ternary-emission fluorescence types that improve sensing performances are highlighted. Thirdly, typical analytical applications of MI-RFL sensors in environmental and food samples are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives of the MI-RFL sensors are proposed, focusing on improving sensitivity/visualization and extending applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Dani Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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5
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Wu L, Wu T, Zeng W, Zhou S, Zhang W, Ma J. A new ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of Sunset Yellow based on gold nanoparticles. Food Chem 2023; 413:135600. [PMID: 36758389 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since a high dosage or excessive intake of Sunset Yellow (SY) may pose a threat to human health, it is in great demand to construct an effective method to detect and control SY. Based on the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and dual-signal output mode, a ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (RMIECs) was developed for sensitive detection of SY. AuNPs not only provided a large specific surface area to enhance the electron transfer rate but also served as a reference signal (S1), together with SY signal (S2), to produce dual signals. For a proof-of-application study, RMIECs was applied to detect SY with a wide linear range from 10 nM to 100 μM and a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.60 nM (S/N = 3, n = 3). Besides, the method was applied in spiked food samples with recoveries of 94.0 ∼ 97.0 % as well as relative errors of 5.4 ∼ 8.3 %, revealing its promising potential in detection of SY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
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Zhu C, Wang X, Yu D, Chen L, Han X. Hairpin DNA-enabled ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for detection of malathion. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:167. [PMID: 37012478 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A hairpin DNA-enabled ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor is reported for sensitive and reliable detection of malathion (MAL). The approach employs hairpin DNA (ferrocene-labeled, Fc-hDNA) as a carrier to hybridize MAL aptamers (methylene blue-labeled, MB-Apt) to form double-stranded DNA structures on an electrode. The presence of MAL induces the removal of aptamers, and hDNA re-forms hairpin structures, causing a decrease in the oxidation current of MB (IMB) and an increase in the oxidation current of Fc (IFc). The ratiometric signal of IFc/IMB responds quantitatively to MAL concentrations. To compare analytical performances, a linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is also used to construct the ssDNA-based aptasensor. We demonstrate that hairpin DNA possessing a rigid two-dimensional structure can improve the assembly efficiency of aptamers and the stability of redox probes. The approach combines the advantages of the ratiometric electrochemical method with hairpin DNA-based conformational switching probes, enabling hDNA-based aptasensor with enhanced sensitivity and reliability, offering a linear range of 0.001 to 1.0 ng mL-1. The platform was applied to detect MAL in lettuce, and the statistical analysis indicated that no significant differences were found between the developed platform and HPLC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Zhu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Lixing Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
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7
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Wu J, Wu Y, Bian H, Peng Z, Liu Y, Yin Y, Du J, Lu X. Fabrication of a ratiometric electrochemiluminescence biosensor using single self-enhanced nanoluminophores for the detection of spermine. Talanta 2023; 253:123880. [PMID: 36095937 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A ratiometric electrochemiluminescence strategy using a single luminophore for accurate and sensitive biomolecule detection could be immensely valuable in bioanalysis. Herein, an ultrasensitive ratiometric electrochemiluminescence sensing system was fabricated using a self-enhanced luminophore with dual-signal emission for the detection of spermine. A nanocomposite was synthesized by the covalent attachment of N, N-diisopropylethylenediamine onto glutathione-protected Au-Ag bimetallic nanoclusters (DPEA-GSH@Au/Ag BNCs). The nanocomposite exhibited efficient intra-cluster charge transfer to produce strong anodic self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence emission at 0.8 V without external co-reactants. Interestingly, the DPEA@GSH@Au-Ag BNCs exhibited cathodic electrochemiluminescence emission upon the addition of the co-reactant potassium persulfate at -1.6 V, exhibiting stable and efficient dual-signal electrochemiluminescence emission features at a continuous potential window of -1.75 to 1.2 V. Thus, they were used to fabricate a single-luminophore electrochemiluminescence sensor with dual emission. The cathodic emission of the biosensor gradually increased with increasing concentrations of spermine, whereas the anodic electrochemiluminescence intensity remained almost constant, enabling the ratiometric detection of spermine. The fabricated biosensor, with an internal standard, significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of spermine detection in a wide concentration range of 0.85 pM-100 μM, with a low limit of detection of 0.12 pM (S/N = 3) under optimum conditions. This single-luminophore electrochemiluminescence sensing system could be used for the detection of spermine and could guide the construction of ratiometric electrochemiluminescence sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Wu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Huifang Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhengdong Peng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yongde Yin
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
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Jin H, Yang M, Gui R. Ratiometric upconversion luminescence nanoprobes from construction to sensing, imaging, and phototherapeutics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:859-906. [PMID: 36533436 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In terms of the combined advantages of upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties and dual-signal ratiometric outputs toward specific targets, the ratiometric UCL nanoprobes exhibit significant applications. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances in ratiometric UCL nanoprobes, mainly including the construction of nanoprobe systems for sensing, imaging, and phototherapeutics. First, the construction strategies are introduced, involving different types of nanoprobe systems, construction methods, and ratiometric dual-signal modes. Then, the sensing applications are summarized, involving types of targets, sensing mechanisms, sensing targets, and naked-eye visual detection of UCL colors. Afterward, the phototherapeutic applications are discussed, including bio-toxicity, bio-distribution, biosensing, and bioimaging at the level of living cells and small animals, and biomedicine therapy. Particularly, each section is commented on by discussing the state-of-the-art relevant studies on ratiometric UCL nanoprobe systems. Moreover, the current status, challenges, and perspectives in the forthcoming studies are discussed. This review facilitates the exploration of functionally luminescent nanoprobes for excellent sensing, imaging, biomedicine, and multiple applications in significant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Rijun Gui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.
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Zahraee H, Mehrzad A, Abnous K, Chen CH, Khoshbin Z, Verdian A. Recent Advances in Aptasensing Strategies for Monitoring Phycotoxins: Promising for Food Safety. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:56. [PMID: 36671891 PMCID: PMC9856083 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phycotoxins or marine toxins cause massive harm to humans, livestock, and pets. Current strategies based on ordinary methods are long time-wise and require expert operators, and are not reliable for on-site and real-time use. Therefore, it is urgent to exploit new detection methods for marine toxins with high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limits, convenience, and high efficiency. Conversely, biosensors can distinguish poisons with less response time and higher selectivity than the common strategies. Aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) are potent for environmental monitoring, especially for on-site and real-time determination of marine toxins and freshwater microorganisms, and with a degree of superiority over other biosensors, making them worth considering. This article reviews the designed aptasensors based on the different strategies for detecting the various phycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zahraee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mehrzad
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 1314983651, Iran
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 1314983651, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Zahra Khoshbin
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Asma Verdian
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 1314983651, Iran
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Li H, Wen X, Ding Y, Wang G, Zhu H, Liu J, Zhao H, Hong X. Photoluminescent and multi-phonon resonance Raman scattering dual-mode immunoassays based on CdS nanoparticles for HIgG detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:477. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Research progress on ratiometric electrochemical sensing of mycotoxins. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Zhao Y, Xia Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Yi Y, Zhu G. Ag-Ti3C2Tx MXenes nanoribbons coupled with carbon nanotubes: preparation, characterization and application for highly sensitive ratiometric voltammetric sensing of paracetamol. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Teng Y, Li X, Huang W. Electrochemical Determination of Tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in Edible Oil by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) at Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPCEs) with a Three-Dimensional Standard Curved Surface Method. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Teng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Su L, Su Y, Liu B. A ratiometric electrochemical strategy based on Fe (III) and Pt (IV) for immobilization-free detection of Escherichia coli. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2541-2548. [PMID: 35713017 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new ratiometric electrochemical strategy for immobilization-free detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was constructed by using a capture DNA-polyaniline/copper ferrite nanoparticles/graphene oxide (cDNA-PANI/CuFe2O4/GO) composite as capture probes, which has a high specific surface area and good magnetic properties. Then trigger DNA/Au nanoparticles (tDNA/Au NPs) were used as signal amplification labels, and Pt (IV) and Fe (III) were chosen as the signal probes. In the presence of targets, the sandwich format among cDNA-PANI/CuFe2O4/GO, E. coli and auxiliary DNA (aDNA) was realized by using the aptamer recognition system. Then, the tDNA/Au binding could be anchored on the sandwich format due to the principle of base complementation between unpaired aDNA and tDNA. And the unbounded tDNA of tDNA/Au NPs could bind an amount of Pt (IV). After separation using a magnet, a handful of unbound Pt (IV) which remained in the supernatant reacted with a large number of Fe (III) ions, leading to a markedly increased IFe(III)/IPt(IV) value. Oppositely, the sandwich format could not appear in the absence of targets, and even the tDNA/Au could not be immobilized on it. So, the redox reaction between a large amount of Pt (IV) residue in the supernatant and Fe (III) was significantly successful, causing a low IFe(III)/IPt(IV) value. Under optimal conditions, we found that IFe(III)/IPt(IV) was linearly related to the logarithmic E. coli concentration with a low limit of detection (1.862 × 103 cfu mL-1). This devised ratiometric electrochemical method may develop into a powerful and effective means for the detection of E. coli in real samples, which may also be developed as a universal tool for another microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Su
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yonghuan Su
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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15
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Ratiometric fluorescence sensing with logical operation: Theory, design and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114456. [PMID: 35691083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The construction of ratiometric fluorescence sensing logic systems has gradually become a hot topic in fluorescence analysis, due to the multi-target analysis potential of logic operations and the high specificity and selectivity of ratiometric fluorescence sensing. In this paper, the basic principles of various logic functions implemented in ratiometric fluorescence detection are discussed in the context of sensing mechanisms, and the strategies for constructing logic systems in different ratiometric fluorescence sensing application areas are summarized. Although there are limitations such as cumbersome operations and complicated experiments, ratiometric fluorescence sensing logic circuits that combine the visualization of logic operations and the accuracy of ratiometric fluorescence are still worthy of in-depth study. This review may be useful for researchers interested in the construction of logic operations based on ratiometric fluorescence sensing applications.
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16
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Yang M, Jin H, Sun Z, Gui R. Monoelemental two-dimensional boron nanomaterials beyond theoretical simulations: From experimental preparation, functionalized modification to practical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102669. [PMID: 35429719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, there is an explosive growth of theoretical and computational studies on 2D boron-based nanomaterials. In terms of extensive predictions from theoretical simulations, borophene, boron nanosheets and 2D boron derivatives show excellent structural, electronic, photonic and nonlinear optical characteristics, and potential applications in a wide range of fields. In recent years, previous studies have reported the successful experimental preparations, superior properties, multi-functionalized modifications of various 2D boron and its derivatives, which show many practical applications in significant fields. To further promote the ever-increasing experimental studies, this present review systematically summarizes recent progress on experimental preparation methods, functionalized modification strategies and practical applications of 2D boron-based nanomaterials and multifunctional derivatives. Firstly, this review summarizes the experimental preparation methods, including molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical reaction, and other auxiliary methods. Then, various strategies for functionalized modification are introduced overall, focusing on borophene derivatives, boron-based nanosheets, atom-introduced, chemically-functionalized borophene and boron nanosheets, borophene or boron nanosheet-based heterostructures, and other functionalized 2D boron nanomaterials. Subsequently, various potential applications are discussed in detail, involving energy storage, catalysis conversion, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, bio-imaging, biomedicine therapy, and adsorption. We comment the state-of-the-art related studies concisely, and also discuss the current status, probable challenges and perspectives rationally. This review is timely, comprehensive, in-depth and highly attractive for scientists from multiple disciplines and scientific fields, and can facilitate further development of advanced functional low-dimensional nanomaterials and multi-functionalized systems toward high-performance practical applications in significant fields.
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17
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Urate oxidase-loaded MOF electrodeposited on boron nanosheet-doxorubicin complex as multifunctional nano-enzyme platform for enzymatic and ratiometric electrochemical biosensing. Talanta 2022; 243:123359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Sulfur nanoparticle-encapsulated MOF and boron nanosheet-ferrocene complex modified electrode platform for ratiometric electrochemical sensing of adriamycin and real-time monitoring of drug release. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Rao H, Li J, Luo M, Zhang K, Gou H, Liu H, Xue Z. A label-free and modification-free ratiometric electrochemical strategy for enhanced natural enzyme detection using a bare electrode and nanozymes system. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2991-3003. [PMID: 35106612 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric electrochemical assays have been demonstrated to be more sensitive and selective in various sensing events, mainly due to their affordable built-in correction and good self-reference capability. But it is known that complicated modification and labeling operations usually are necessary for the construction of ratiometric electrochemical assays, therefore is a hot and important issue needing consideration carefully. We herein report a new yet simple bare electrode-based ratiometric electrochemical bioassay to achieve sensitive and selective analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), using a liquid phase system that contains CoOOH nanozymes and commercially available indicator substrate. This proposed bioassay works based on the ratiometric change of dual electrochemical signals, arising from an exclusive target ALP-triggered hydrolysis of electrochemical substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP). In this design, the two hydrolyzed products of electrochemically active p-nitrophenol (PNP) and electrochemically inactive phosphate anion (PO43-) are responsible together for the ratiometric electrochemical analysis of ALP. PNP exhibits a straightforward current response toward ALP content; however, PO43- cannot show a direct electrochemical signal thus is rationally designed to offer an alternative response by linking it with the specific CoOOH nanozyme-catalyzed reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2, in which the nanozyme-catalyzed product oxTMB shows a direct reduction current at the GCE, and significantly decreases with increasing PO43- species due to the good inhibition of PO43- toward CoOOH nanozyme activity. As a result, a ratiometric electrochemical strategy for ALP analysis with a low limit of detection of 0.366 U/L (S/N = 3) was successfully achieved by integrating the above direct and indirect dual electrochemical responses. This developed bioassay can allow the quantitative diagnosis of ALP activity especially with a label-free and modification-free merit, therefore paving the way for simple, convenient, and portable electroanalytical tools in biosensing design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Rao
- College of Chemistry & Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jianying Li
- College of Chemistry & Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mingyue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Kehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hao Gou
- College of Chemistry & Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Chemistry & Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhonghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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20
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Luo S, Kan X. A nanozyme-catalysis-based ratiometric electrochemical sensor for general detection of Cd 2+. Analyst 2022; 147:5437-5444. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AuPt–rGO showed good peroxidase-like activity for the oxidation of OPD to DAP (a novel internal reference) and achieved sensitive and reliable detection of Cd2+ based on a ratiometric strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, China
| | - Xianwen Kan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, China
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21
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Ratiometric two-photon fluorescence probes for sensing, imaging and biomedicine applications at living cell and small animal levels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Prakash HS, Maroju PA, Boppudi NSS, Balapure A, Ganesan R, Ray Dutta J. Influence of citrate buffer and flash heating in enhancing the sensitivity of ratiometric genosensing of Hepatitis C virus using plasmonic gold nanoparticles. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-021-00134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGold nanoparticles (Au NPs) based technology has been shown to possess enormous potential in the viral nucleic acid diagnosis. Despite significant advancement in this domain, the existing literature reveals the diversity in the conditions employed for hybridization and tagging of thiolated nucleic acid probes over the Au NPs. Here we employ the probe sequence derived from the Hepatitis C virus to identify the optimal hybridization and thiol-Au NP tagging conditions. In a typical polymerase chain reaction, the probes are initially subjected to flash heating at elevated temperatures to obtain efficient annealing. Motivated by this, in the current study, the hybridization between the target and the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) has been studied at 65 °C with and without employing flash heating at temperatures from 75 to 95 °C. Besides, the efficiency of the thiolated ASO’s tagging over the Au NPs with and without citrate buffer has been explored. The study has revealed the beneficial role of flash heating at 95 °C for efficient hybridization and the presence of citrate buffer for rapid and effective thiol tagging over the Au NPs. The combinatorial effect of these conditions has been found to be advantageous in enhancing the sensitivity of ratiometric genosensing using Au NPs.
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23
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Xiang Y, Kong Y, Feng W, Ye X, Liu Z. A ratiometric photoelectrochemical microsensor based on a small-molecule organic semiconductor for reliable in vivo analysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12977-12984. [PMID: 34745528 PMCID: PMC8513842 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing has been developing quickly in recent years, while its in vivo application is still in the infancy. The complexity of biological environments poses a high challenge to the specificity and reliability of PEC sensing. We herein proposed the concept of small-molecule organic semiconductor (SMOS)-based ratiometric PEC sensing making use of the structural flexibility as well as readily tunable energy band of SMOS. Xanthene skeleton-based CyOH was prepared as a photoactive molecule, and its absorption band and corresponding PEC output can be modulated by an intramolecular charge transfer process. As such, the target mediated shift of absorption offered the opportunity to construct a ratiometric PEC sensor. A proof-of-concept probe CyOThiols was synthesized and assembled on a Ti wire electrode (TiWE) to prepare a highly selective microsensor for thiols. Under two monochromatic laser excitation (808 nm and 750 nm), CyOThiols/TiWE offered a ratiometric signal (j808/j750), which exhibited pronounced capacity to offset the disturbance of environmental factors, guaranteeing its reliability for application in vivo. The ratiometric PEC sensor achieved the observation of bio-thiol release induced by cytotoxic edema and fluctuations of thiols in drug-induced epilepsy in living rat brains. The first small-molecule organic semiconductor-based ratiometric photoelectrochemical sensor was proposed, which exhibited pronounced selectivity and capacity to offset environmental disturbance, guaranteeing its reliability for in vivo analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Wenqi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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24
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Wang XY, Feng YG, Wang AJ, Mei LP, Luo X, Xue Y, Feng JJ. Facile construction of ratiometric electrochemical immunosensor using hierarchical PtCoIr nanowires and porous SiO 2@Ag nanoparticles for accurate detection of septicemia biomarker. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107802. [PMID: 33794412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for sepsis diagnosis. In this study, a novel ratio-typed electrochemical immunosensor was constructed for reliable and sensitive assay of PCT based on hierarchical PtCoIr nanowires/polyethylene polyamine-grafted-ferrocene (PtCoIr HNWs/PEPA-Fc) and porous SiO2@Ag nanoparticles-toluidine blue (porous SiO2@Ag NPs-TB). Importantly, the PtCoIr HNWs/PEPA-Fc was first modified on the sensing interface, which harvested stable and strong electrochemical signals for readout of Fc due to the enriched anchoring sites created by the PtCoIr HNWs. Meanwhile, porous SiO2@Ag NPs-TB behaved as the label to conjugate with secondary antibody (Ab2), which also provided another strong detection signals originated from TB confined in such porous structures. The resulting immunosensor displayed a measurable output of procalcitonin (PCT) in the dynamic scope of 0.001 ~ 100 ng mL-1 with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.46 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). Moreover, we exploited this strategy for PCT assay in a diluted human serum sample with acceptable results, exhibiting promising applications in the clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wang
- Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321001, China; Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yi-Ge Feng
- Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Li-Ping Mei
- Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321001, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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