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Akanksha, Mishra SP, Kar AG, Karthik JS, Srivastava A, Khanna R, Meena RN. Expression of Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase Protein in Breast Cancer. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:213-224. [PMID: 36950213 PMCID: PMC10025820 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_132_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) therapy is the subject of debate, and there is an urgent need to understand much the expression and prognostic role of the PARP1 protein. In this study, we have compared the expression of PARP between BC and benign breast disease (BBD) patients and also analyzed the association of PARP expression with clinicopathological parameters in BC. Methods The study consists of 30 patients with newly diagnosed operable BC who were planned for surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 15 patients of BBD as a control between 2019 and 2021. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed prospectively on tissue samples. Anti-human PARP1 rabbit polyclonal antibody gives strong nuclear positivity. Internal control was the adipose tissue and the BBD acted as the external control. PARP1 expression was evaluated using the multiplicative quickscore method. Results The mean age for BC patients was 51.30 ± 10.694 years (range: 25-75 years) while BBD was below 30 years. Overexpression of PARP was present in 25 (83.3%) and weak expression in 5 (16.7%) of BC patients compared to BBD, only 2 (13.3%) patients demonstrated an overexpression of PARP, and 13 (86.6%) patients showed weak expression which showed significant association (P < 0.001). In BC, nuclear PARP (nPARP) overexpression was seen in 22 (73.3%) patients and weak expression of nPARP in 8 (26.7%), whereas 5 (16.7%) patients showed cytoplasmic overexpression. On comparing expression of PARP with clinicopathological parameters, PARP overexpression was significantly associated with older population (age >50 years) (P = 0.002), postmenopausal women (P = 0.029), higher TNM stage (Stage II and III) (P = 0.014), higher histological grade (grade 2) (P = 0.043), and presence of lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.015). Enhanced PARP1 expression is closely correlated with positive estrogen receptor status (P = 0.001) and PR status (P = 0.001). Overall PARP and nPARP overexpression was significantly associated with ER- (P = 0.006 and P = 0.008) and PR-positive (P = 0.006 and P = 0.008) patients. The PARP and nPARP overexpression was significantly associated with nontriple-negative BC patients (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001). Conclusion We have not come across any study in the literature to compare PARP expression in BC and BBD patients. On the basis of our observations, we concluded that PARP overexpression is a poor prognostic marker in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Shashi Prakash Mishra
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Amrita Ghosh Kar
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - J. S. Karthik
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Aviral Srivastava
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Rahul Khanna
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
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2
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Thakur N, Yim K, Abdul-Ghafar J, Seo KJ, Chong Y. High Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Expression Does Relate to Poor Survival in Solid Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5594. [PMID: 34830749 PMCID: PMC8615806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a DNA damage repair protein, and its inhibitors have shown promising results in clinical trials. The prognostic significance of PARP is inconsistent in studies of various cancers. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PARP expression in multiple solid cancers. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for relevant research articles published from 2005 to 2021. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with confidence interval (CI) was calculated to investigate the relationship between PARP expression and survival in multiple solid cancers. In total, 10,667 patients from 31 studies were included. A significant association was found between higher PARP expression and overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.34-1.76, p < 0.001), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10-1.21, p < 0.001), and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.08, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that PARP overexpression was significantly related to poor OS in patients with breast cancers (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.28-1.49, p < 0.001), ovary cancers (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.10-1.33, p = 0.001), lung cancers (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.29-3.45, p = 0.003), and liver cancers (HR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.94-5.58, p < 0.001). Regarding ethnicity, Asian people have almost twice their worst survival rate compared to Caucasians. The pooled odds ratio analysis showed a significant relationship between higher PARP expression and larger tumour size, poor tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, higher TNM stage and lymphovascular invasion, and positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67, BRCA1, and BRCA2. In addition, nuclear expression assessed by the QS system using Abcam and Santa Cruz Biotechnology seems to be the most commonly used and reproducible IHC method for assessing PARP expression. This meta-analysis revealed that higher PARP expression was associated with a worse OS, DFS, and PFS in patients with solid cancers. Moreover, inhibition of this pathway through its specific inhibitors may extend the survival of patients with higher PARP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea; (N.T.); (K.Y.); (J.A.-G.); (K.J.S.)
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3
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Huang YH, Yin SJ, Gong YY, Li ZR, Yang Q, Fan YX, Zhou T, Meng R, Wang P, He GH. PARP1 as a prognostic biomarker for human cancers: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2021; 15:1563-1578. [PMID: 34651514 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between high PARP1 expression and clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Materials & methods: The electronic databases for all articles about PARP1 expression and cancers were searched. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to validate the results of the meta-analysis. Results: Fifty-two studies with a total of 7140 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. High PARP1 expression was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival and recurrence in various cancers, which were further strengthened and complemented by the results of bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, increased PAPR1 expression was also related to clinicopathological features. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that PARP1 might be a promising biomarker for prognosis in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Huang
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 120 Guanghua Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Sun-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhi-Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yu-Xin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 120 Guanghua Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
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4
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Gouri A, Benarba B, Dekaken A, Aoures H, Benharkat S. Prediction of Late Recurrence and Distant Metastasis in Early-stage Breast Cancer: Overview of Current and Emerging Biomarkers. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1008-1025. [PMID: 32164510 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200312105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a significant number of breast cancer (BC) patients have been diagnosed at an early stage. It is therefore critical to accurately predict the risk of recurrence and distant metastasis for better management of BC in this setting. Clinicopathologic patterns, particularly lymph node status, tumor size, and hormonal receptor status are routinely used to identify women at increased risk of recurrence. However, these factors have limitations regarding their predictive ability for late metastasis risk in patients with early BC. Emerging molecular signatures using gene expression-based approaches have improved the prognostic and predictive accuracy for this indication. However, the use of their based-scores for risk assessment has provided contradictory findings. Therefore, developing and using newly emerged alternative predictive and prognostic biomarkers for identifying patients at high- and low-risk is of great importance. The present review discusses some serum biomarkers and multigene profiling scores for predicting late recurrence and distant metastasis in early-stage BC based on recently published studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Annaba, Algeria
| | - B Benarba
- Laboratory Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mascara, Algeria
| | - A Dekaken
- Department of Internal Medicine, El Okbi Public Hospital, Guelma, Algeria
| | - H Aoures
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, EHS El Bouni, Annaba, Algeria
| | - S Benharkat
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Annaba, Algeria
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Zhang Z, Ha SH, Moon YJ, Hussein UK, Song Y, Kim KM, Park SH, Park HS, Park BH, Ahn AR, Lee SA, Ahn SJ, Kim JR, Jang KY. Inhibition of SIRT6 potentiates the anti-tumor effect of doxorubicin through suppression of the DNA damage repair pathway in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:247. [PMID: 33198792 PMCID: PMC7670730 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background SIRT6 has diverse roles in cells, and the role of SIRT6 in tumorigenesis is controversial. Considering the role of SIRT6 as an inducer of DNA damage repair, it might be involved in resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Methods We evaluated the prognostic significance of SIRT6 in 37 osteosarcomas and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of SIRT6 on the anticancer effects of doxorubicin, olaparib, and ATM inhibitor. Results Immunohistochemical expression of SIRT6 was significantly associated with shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival of osteosarcoma patients, especially in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. In U2OS and KHOS/NP osteosarcoma cells, knock-down of SIRT6 significantly potentiated apoptotic effects of doxorubicin and SIRT6 overexpression induced resistance to doxorubicin. Moreover, SIRT6 induced the DNA damage repair pathway and SIRT6-mediated resistance to doxorubicin was attenuated by blocking the DNA damage repair pathway with olaparib and ATM inhibitor. Conclusions This study suggests that suppression of SIRT6 in combination with doxorubicin might be an effective modality in the treatment of osteosarcoma patients, especially for osteosarcomas with shorter survival with high expression of SIRT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Usama Khamis Hussein
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ri Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ryul Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Design of potential anti-tumor PARP-1 inhibitors by QSAR and molecular modeling studies. Mol Divers 2020; 25:263-277. [PMID: 32140890 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have been recognized as new agents for the treatment of patients with breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1) disorders. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) technique was used in order to achieve the required medicines for anticancer activity easier and faster. In this study, the QSAR method was developed to predict the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 51 1H-benzo[d]immidazole-4-carboxamide derivatives by genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) methods. Results in the best QSAR model represented the coefficient of leave-one-out cross-validation (Q cv 2 ) = 0.971, correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.977, Fisher parameter (F) = 259.016 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.095, respectively, which indicated that the LS-SVM model had a good potential to predict the pIC50 (9 - log(IC50 nM)) values compared with other modeling methods. Also, molecular docking evaluated interactions between ligands and enzyme and their free energy of binding were calculated and used as descriptors. Molecular docking and the QSAR study completed each other. The results represented that the final model can be useful to design some new inhibitors. So, the knowledge of the QSAR modeling and molecular docking was used in pIC50 prediction and 51 new compounds were developed as PARP-1 inhibitors that 9 compounds had the best-proposed values for pIC50. The maximum enhancement of the inhibitory activity of compounds was 33.394%.
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7
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Kwon M, Jang M, Kim GH, Oh T, Ryoo IJ, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Kim BY, Jang JH, Ko SK, Ahn JS. Kushenol E inhibits autophagy and impairs lysosomal positioning via VCP/p97 inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113861. [PMID: 32081789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a major role in cell survival and has therefore been exploited as an important strategy in cancer therapy. In this study, we evaluated the autophagy-regulatory effects of kushenol E (KE), a bi-prenylated flavonoid isolated from Sophora flavescens and found that KE increased LC3B-II levels while inducing the formation of autophagic vacuoles and immature autophagosomes in HeLa and HCT116 cells. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that KE treatment generates immature autophagosomes. Furthermore, KE inhibited autophagosome maturation as demonstrated by blocking the degradation of EGFP puncta in HeLa cells stably expressing EGFP-mRFP-LC3B. It also reduced lysosomal activity and cathepsin maturation by disrupting lysosomal positioning, subsequently inducing apoptosis. Further, a combinatorial approach employing cellular thermal shift assays, revealed valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 as a potential target protein of KE; the knockdown and overexpression of VCP/p97 confirmed its involvement in regulating lysosomal positioning for autophagy maturation via direct interactions with KE. Thus, KE may possess autophagy-regulating properties mediated by binding to VCP/p97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mina Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea
| | - Taehoon Oh
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea.
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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Kim HS, Kim JW, Hwang IG, Lee HS, Kim WH. Expression of DNA Damage Response Markers in Early-Onset or Familial Gastric Cancers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1369-1376. [PMID: 31127894 PMCID: PMC6857889 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early-onset or familial gastric cancer (GC) is known to have clinicopathologic profiles different from those of sporadic GC. We aimed to compare DNA damage response marker expression between early-onset or familial GC and sporadic GC. Methods: GC samples were obtained from patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC at Seoul National University Hospital. Immunohistochemical analyses of various DNA damage response markers, including BRCA1, BRCA2, MRE11, RAD51C, and γH2AX, were performed using 54 early-onset GC, 59 familial GC, and 337 sporadic GC tissue microarray samples. Correlations between marker expression and clinicopathologic features were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses, and overall survival was analyzed. Results: The rate of γH2AX positivity was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in early-onset or familial GC than in sporadic GC. In contrast, the rates of MRE11 negativity and RAD51C negativity were significantly higher in sporadic GC than in early-onset or familial GC. BRCA1 negativity was associated with decreased overall survival in sporadic GC (p = 0.002), and MRE11 negativity was associated with decreased overall survival in sporadic GC (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our results show significant differences in DNA damage response marker expression between early-onset or familial GC and sporadic GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang Univesity, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Gyu Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wilson TC, Xavier MA, Knight J, Verhoog S, Torres JB, Mosley M, Hopkins SL, Wallington S, Allen PD, Kersemans V, Hueting R, Smart S, Gouverneur V, Cornelissen B. PET Imaging of PARP Expression Using 18F-Olaparib. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:504-510. [PMID: 30389822 PMCID: PMC6448459 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are increasingly being studied as cancer drugs, as single agents, or as a part of combination therapies. Imaging of PARP using a radiolabeled inhibitor has been proposed for patient selection, outcome prediction, dose optimization, genotoxic therapy evaluation, and target engagement imaging of novel PARP-targeting agents. Methods: Here, via the copper-mediated 18F-radiofluorination of aryl boronic esters, we accessed, for the first time (to our knowledge), the 18F-radiolabeled isotopolog of the Food and Drug Administration-approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. The use of the 18F-labeled equivalent of olaparib allows direct prediction of the distribution of olaparib, given its exact structural likeness to the native, nonradiolabeled drug. Results:18F-olaparib was taken up selectively in vitro in PARP-1-expressing cells. Irradiation increased PARP-1 expression and 18F-olaparib uptake in a radiation-dose-dependent fashion. PET imaging in mice showed specific uptake of 18F-olaparib in tumors expressing PARP-1 (3.2% ± 0.36% of the injected dose per gram of tissue in PSN-1 xenografts), correlating linearly with PARP-1 expression. Two hours after irradiation of the tumor (10 Gy), uptake of 18F-olaparib increased by 70% (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Taken together, we show that 18F-olaparib has great potential for noninvasive tumor imaging and monitoring of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mary-Ann Xavier
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Knight
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julia Baguña Torres
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mosley
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L. Hopkins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Wallington
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip D. Allen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekka Hueting
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Smart
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Bae JS, Noh SJ, Kim KM, Park SH, Hussein UK, Park HS, Park BH, Ha SH, Lee H, Chung MJ, Moon WS, Cho DH, Jang KY. SIRT6 Is Involved in the Progression of Ovarian Carcinomas via β-Catenin-Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2018; 8:538. [PMID: 30524965 PMCID: PMC6256124 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is involved in various cellular signaling pathways including those involved in tumorigenesis in association with β-catenin. However, the role of SIRT6 in tumorigenesis has been controversially reported and the studies on the role of SIRT6 in ovarian cancers is limited. In this study, we evaluated the expression and roles of SIRT6 in conjunction with the expression of active β-catenin in 104 human ovarian carcinomas and ovarian cancer cells. In human ovarian carcinomas, the expressions of SIRT6 and active β-catenin were associated with higher tumor stage, higher histologic grade, and platinum-resistance. Moreover, nuclear expression of SIRT6 (104 ovarian carcinomas; P = 0.010, 63 high-grade serous carcinomas; P = 0.040), and activated β-catenin (104 ovarian carcinomas; P = 0.013, 63 high-grade serous carcinomas; P = 0.005) were independent indicators of shorter overall survival of ovarian carcinoma patients in multivariate analysis. In OVCAR3 and OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cells, knock-down of SIRT6 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of cells, but did not inhibit the proliferation of cells. SIRT6-mediated invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells was associated with the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related signaling molecules such as snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and activated β-catenin. Especially, SIRT6-mediated increase of invasiveness and activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling was attenuated by knock-down of β-catenin. In conclusion, this study suggests that SIRT6-β-catenin signaling is involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells, and the expression of SIRT6 and active β-catenin might be used as indicators of poor prognosis of ovarian carcinoma patients. In addition, our results suggest that SIRT6-β-catenin signaling might be a new therapeutic target of ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Jae Noh
- Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Usama Khamis Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Myoung Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyu Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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11
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Hussein UK, Park HS, Bae JS, Kim KM, Chong YJ, Kim CY, Kwon KS, Chung MJ, Lee H, Kang MJ, Moon WS, Jang KY. Expression of oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatase and γH2AX predicts poor survival of gastric carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:836. [PMID: 30126387 PMCID: PMC6102926 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress induces various intracellular damage, which might be correlated with tumorigenesis. Accumulated oxidative stresses might inactivate protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) by oxidizing it, and inducing the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX) in response to DNA damage. Methods We evaluated the clinical significance of the expression of oxidized-PTP and γH2AX in 169 gastric carcinomas. Results Immunohistochemical expression of nuclear oxidized-PTP, cytoplasmic oxidized-PTP, and γH2AX expression were significantly associated with each other, and their expressions predicted shorter survival of gastric carcinoma patients. In multivariate analysis, nuclear oxidized-PTP (overall survival; p < 0.001, relapse-free survival; P < 0.001) was an independent indicator of poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients. In addition, co-expression patterns of nuclear oxidized-PTP and γH2AX were independent indicators of poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients (overall survival; P < 0.001, relapse-free survival; P < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that oxidative stress-mediated oxidation of PTP might be involved in the progression of gastric carcinomas. In addition, this study suggests that individual and co-expression pattern of nuclear oxidized-PTP and γH2AX might be used as a prognostic marker of gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Khamis Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jo Chong
- Center for University-wide Research Facilities, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Jae Kang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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12
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The PARP inhibitor olaparib potentiates the effect of the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:107. [PMID: 29784019 PMCID: PMC5963190 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background PARP1 facilitates the recovery of DNA-damaged cells by recruiting DNA damage response molecules such as γH2AX and BRCA1/2, and plays a role in resistance to antitumor therapies. Therefore, PARP inhibition being evaluated as an anti-cancer therapy. However, there are limited studies regrading PARP inhibition in osteosarcoma. Methods We evaluated the expression of DNA damage response molecules in 35 human osteosarcomas and investigated the effects of co-treatment of the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, and doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells. Results The expression patterns of PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 were significantly associated with shorter survival of osteosarcoma patients. In osteosarcoma cells, knock-down of PARP1 and treatment of olaparib significantly inhibited proliferation of cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect was more significant with co-treatment of olaparib and doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions This study suggests that combined use of a PARP inhibitor with doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent, might be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma patients, especially in the poor-prognostic subgroups of osteosarcoma expressing PARP1, γH2AX, or BRCA1/2.
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13
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Anderson CJ, Lewis JS. Current status and future challenges for molecular imaging. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2017.0023. [PMID: 29038378 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging (MI), used in its wider sense of biology at the molecular level, is a field that lies at the intersection of molecular biology and traditional medical imaging. As advances in medicine have exponentially expanded over the last few decades, so has our need to better understand the fundamental behaviour of living organisms in a non-invasive and timely manner. This commentary draws from topics the authors addressed in their presentations at the 2017 Royal Society Meeting 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging', as well as a discussion of where MI is today and where it is heading in the future.This article is part of the themed issue 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Anderson
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, Bioengineering, and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Klimov S, Rida PC, Aleskandarany MA, Green AR, Ellis IO, Janssen EA, Rakha EA, Aneja R. Novel immunohistochemistry-based signatures to predict metastatic site of triple-negative breast cancers. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:826-834. [PMID: 28720841 PMCID: PMC5589983 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although distant metastasis (DM) in breast cancer (BC) is the most lethal form of recurrence and the most common underlying cause of cancer related deaths, the outcome following the development of DM is related to the site of metastasis. Triple negative BC (TNBC) is an aggressive form of BC characterised by early recurrences and high mortality. Athough multiple variables can be used to predict the risk of metastasis, few markers can predict the specific site of metastasis. This study aimed at identifying a biomarker signature to predict particular sites of DM in TNBC. METHODS A clinically annotated series of 322 TNBC were immunohistochemically stained with 133 biomarkers relevant to BC, to develop multibiomarker models for predicting metastasis to the bone, liver, lung and brain. Patients who experienced metastasis to each site were compared with those who did not, by gradually filtering the biomarker set via a two-tailed t-test and Cox univariate analyses. Biomarker combinations were finally ranked based on statistical significance, and evaluated in multivariable analyses. RESULTS Our final models were able to stratify TNBC patients into high risk groups that showed over 5, 6, 7 and 8 times higher risk of developing metastasis to the bone, liver, lung and brain, respectively, than low-risk subgroups. These models for predicting site-specific metastasis retained significance following adjustment for tumour size, patient age and chemotherapy status. CONCLUSIONS Our novel IHC-based biomarkers signatures, when assessed in primary TNBC tumours, enable prediction of specific sites of metastasis, and potentially unravel biomarkers previously unknown in site tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Klimov
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | | | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emiel Am Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger N-4011, Norway
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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15
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Noh SJ, Kim KM, Jang KY. Individual and co-expression patterns of nerve growth factor and heme oxygenase-1 predict shorter survival of gastric carcinoma patients. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:48. [PMID: 28679437 PMCID: PMC5498870 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor which regulates cell development and proliferation. Recently, it has been suggested that NGF induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) expression, and that both NGF and HO1 are involved in the progression of malignant human tumors. However, exact roles of NGF and HO1 in tumorigenesis remain controversial. Therefore, we investigated the expression and correlation of NGF and HO1 in human gastric carcinoma tissues. METHODS We examined immunohistochemical expression of NGF and HO1 in 167 gastric carcinomas and compared with various prognostic clinicopathological factors. RESULTS The expression of NGF and HO1 was positive in 40% (67/167) and 51% (85/167) of cases, respectively, and their expression was significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.001). Individual expression patterns of NGF and HO1, and co-expression pattern of these two molecules were significantly associated with shorter survival by univariate analysis. HO1 expression (overall survival; p < 0.001, relapse-free survival; p = 0.002) and co-expression pattern of NGF and HO1 (overall survival; p = 0.002, relapse-free survival; p = 0.003) were independent poor prognostic indicators of gastric carcinoma patients by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the individual and co-expression patterns of NGF and HO1 might be used as prognostic indicators for gastric carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jae Noh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Li S, Cui Z, Meng X. Knockdown of PARP-1 Inhibits Proliferation and ERK Signals, Increasing Drug Sensitivity in Osteosarcoma U2OS Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 24:279-86. [PMID: 27656839 PMCID: PMC7838669 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14666990347554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is reported to be involved in DNA repair and is now recognized as a key regulator in carcinogenesis. However, the potential role and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PARP-1 on osteosarcoma (OS) cells have not been elucidated. In this study, the results showed that knockdown of PARP-1 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and G0/G1 phase arrest in U2OS cells. In addition, increased expression of active caspase 3 and Bax, but reduced Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) were observed in PARP-1 knockdown in U2OS cells. Moreover, knockdown of PARP-1 correlated with elevated chemosensitivity of U2OS cells to cisplatin through inactivation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PARP-1 plays an important role in regulating OS growth, combining PARP-1 gene therapy with traditional chemotherapy, and may serve as a promising approach to OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
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17
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Kossatz S, Carney B, Schweitzer M, Carlucci G, Miloushev VZ, Maachani UB, Rajappa P, Keshari KR, Pisapia D, Weber WA, Souweidane MM, Reiner T. Biomarker-Based PET Imaging of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in Mouse Models. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2112-2123. [PMID: 28108511 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a childhood brainstem tumor with a universally poor prognosis. Here, we characterize a positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging DIPG in vivo In human histological tissues, the probes target, PARP1, was highly expressed in DIPG compared to normal brain. PET imaging allowed for the sensitive detection of DIPG in a genetically engineered mouse model, and probe uptake correlated to histologically determined tumor infiltration. Imaging with the sister fluorescence agent revealed that uptake was confined to proliferating, PARP1-expressing cells. Comparison with other imaging technologies revealed remarkable accuracy of our biomarker approach. We subsequently demonstrated that serial imaging of DIPG in mouse models enables monitoring of tumor growth, as shown in modeling of tumor progression. Overall, this validated method for quantifying DIPG burden would serve useful in monitoring treatment response in early phase clinical trials. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2112-23. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Melanie Schweitzer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Uday B Maachani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David Pisapia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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18
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Individual and Combined Expression of DNA Damage Response Molecules PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 Predict Shorter Survival of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163193. [PMID: 27643881 PMCID: PMC5028069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) molecules are protective against genotoxic stresses. DDR molecules are also involved in the survival of cancer cells in patients undergoing anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, DDR molecules are potential markers of cancer progression in addition to being potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 and their prognostic significance in 112 cases of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The expression of PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 were significantly associated with each other and were associated with higher tumor stage and presence of distant metastasis. The expression of PARP1, γH2AX, and BRCA2 were significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) and event-free survival (EFS) by univariate analysis. BRCA1 expression was associated with shorter DSS. Multivariate analysis revealed the expression of PARP1 and γH2AX to be independent indicators of poor prognosis of DSS and EFS. BRCA2 expression was an independent indicator of poor prognosis of DSS. In addition, the combined expressional patterns of PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 (CSddrm) were independent prognostic predictors of DSS (P < 0.001) and EFS (P = 0.016). The ten-year DSS rate of the CSddrm-low, CSddrm-intermediate, and CSddrm-high subgroups were 81%, 26%, and 0%, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the individual and combined expression patterns of the DDR molecules PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 could be predictive of the prognosis of STS patients and suggests that controlling the activity of these DDR molecules could be employed in new therapeutic stratagems for the treatment of STS.
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19
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Mazzotta A, Partipilo G, De Summa S, Giotta F, Simone G, Mangia A. Nuclear PARP1 expression and its prognostic significance in breast cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6143-53. [PMID: 26614429 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays important roles in DNA damage response pathways and is often overexpressed in various human tumors. Currently, the use of PARP inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) therapy is the subject of debate, and there is an urgent need to understand much the expression and prognostic role of the PARP1 protein. The aim was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PARP1 in BC patients. The PARP1 and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) protein expressions were evaluated in 114 BCs by immunohistochemistry. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Our results showed that nuclear PARP1 expression was significantly associated with peritumoral vascular invasion (P = 0.046), chemotherapeutic treatment (P = 0.026), oestrogen receptor (ER; P = 0.013), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; P = 0.003) and BRCA1 (P < 0.001) expression. Survival analyses showed a significant association with clinical outcome in the subgroup of ER-negative patients (P = 0.017 for DFS and P = 0.048 for OS) and in the subgroup of patients treated with chemotherapeutic agents (P = 0.042 for DFS and P = 0.046 for OS). A significant correlation was also found for DFS in patients characterized by tumors without peritumoral vascular invasion (P = 0.022). More importantly, multivariate analyses revealed that high nuclear PARP1 expression was associated with decreased DFS (P = 0.012) and OS (P = 0.026). In conclusion, PARP1 expression may be used as an independent prognostic factor in BC patients. In addition, this study demonstrated that high PARP1 expression may represent a marker of poorer prognosis both for patients with worse clinical outcome and in less aggressive clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mazzotta
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Partipilo
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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