1
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Achour C, Oberdoerffer S. NAT10 and cytidine acetylation in mRNA: intersecting paths in development and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 87:102207. [PMID: 38820741 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is an RNA modification that is catalyzed by the enzyme NAT10. Constitutively found in tRNA and rRNA, ac4C displays a dynamic presence in mRNA that is shaped by developmental and induced shifts in NAT10 levels. However, deciphering ac4C functions in mRNA has been hampered by its context-dependent influences in translation and the complexity of isolating effects on specific mRNAs from other NAT10 activities. Recent advances have begun to overcome these obstacles by leveraging natural variations in mRNA acetylation in cancer, developmental transitions, and immune responses. Here, we synthesize the current literature with a focus on nuances that may fuel the perception of cellular discrepancies toward the development of a cohesive model of ac4C function in mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrinne Achour
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Shalini Oberdoerffer
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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2
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Xue Z, Xie H, Shan Y, Zhang L, Cheng L, Chen W, Zhu R, Zhang K, Ni H, Zhang Z, You Y, You B. NAT10 inhibition promotes ac4C-dependent ferroptosis to counteract sorafenib resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 39038928 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, an anticancer drug, has been shown to induce ferroptosis in cancer cells. However, resistance to sorafenib greatly limits its therapeutic efficacy, and the exact mechanism of resistance is not fully understood. This study investigated the role of N-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) in influencing the anticancer activity of sorafenib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its molecular mechanism. NAT10 expression was significantly upregulated in NPC. Mechanistically, NAT10 promotes proteins of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression through ac4C acetylation, inhibiting sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. The combined application of sorafenib and the NAT10 inhibitor remodelin significantly inhibits SLC7A11 expression and promotes ferroptosis in NPC cells. In vivo knockout of NAT10 inhibited the growth of sorafenib-resistant NPC. Our findings suggest that NAT10 inhibition might be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the anticancer activity of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xue
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijing Xie
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyue Chen
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haosheng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen You
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo You
- Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Ding M, Yu Z, Lu T, Hu S, Zhou X, Wang X. N-acetyltransferase 10 facilitates tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by regulating AMPK/mTOR signalling through N4-acetylcytidine modification of SLC30A9. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1747. [PMID: 38961519 PMCID: PMC11222071 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies suggested that posttranscriptional modifications exert a vital role in the tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification, catalyzed by the N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), was a novel type of chemical modification that improves translation efficiency and mRNA stability. METHODS GEO databases and clinical samples were used to explore the expression and clinical value of NAT10 in DLBCL. CRISPER/Cas9-mediated knockout of NAT10 was performed to determine the biological functions of NAT10 in DLBCL. RNA sequencing, acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (acRIP-seq), LC-MS/MS, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-qPCR and RNA stability assays were performed to explore the mechanism by which NAT10 contributed to DLBCL progression. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that NAT10-mediated ac4C modification regulated the occurrence and progression of DLBCL. Dysregulated N-acetyltransferases expression was found in DLBCL samples. High expression of NAT10 was associated with poor prognosis of DLBCL patients. Deletion of NAT10 expression inhibited cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, knockout of NAT10 increased the sensitivity of DLBCL cells to ibrutinib. AcRIP-seq identified solute carrier family 30 member 9 (SLC30A9) as a downstream target of NAT10 in DLBCL. NAT10 regulated the mRNA stability of SLC30A9 in an ac4C-dependent manner. Genetic silencing of SLC30A9 suppressed DLBCL cell growth via regulating the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings highlighted the essential role of ac4C RNA modification mediated by NAT10 in DLBCL, and provided insights into novel epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Ding
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Tiange Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of HematologyShandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong ProvinceJinanShandongChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
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4
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Schiffers S, Oberdoerffer S. ac4C: a fragile modification with stabilizing functions in RNA metabolism. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 30:583-594. [PMID: 38531654 PMCID: PMC11019744 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079948.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, concerted efforts to map and understand epitranscriptomic modifications in mRNA have unveiled new complexities in the regulation of gene expression. These studies cumulatively point to diverse functions in mRNA metabolism, spanning pre-mRNA processing, mRNA degradation, and translation. However, this emerging landscape is not without its intricacies and sources of discrepancies. Disparities in detection methodologies, divergent interpretations of functional outcomes, and the complex nature of biological systems across different cell types pose significant challenges. With a focus of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), this review endeavors to unravel conflicting narratives by examining the technological, biological, and methodological factors that have contributed to discrepancies and thwarted research progress. Our goal is to mitigate detection inconsistencies and establish a unified model to elucidate the contribution of ac4C to mRNA metabolism and cellular equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schiffers
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Shalini Oberdoerffer
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Dalhat MH, Narayan S, Serio H, Arango D. Dissecting the oncogenic properties of essential RNA-modifying enzymes: a focus on NAT10. Oncogene 2024; 43:1077-1086. [PMID: 38409550 PMCID: PMC11092965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of ribonucleotides significantly alter the physicochemical properties and functions of RNA. Initially perceived as static and essential marks in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), recent discoveries unveiled a dynamic landscape of RNA modifications in messenger RNA (mRNA) and other regulatory RNAs. These findings spurred extensive efforts to map the distribution and function of RNA modifications, aiming to elucidate their distribution and functional significance in normal cellular homeostasis and pathological states. Significant dysregulation of RNA modifications is extensively documented in cancers, accentuating the potential of RNA-modifying enzymes as therapeutic targets. However, the essential role of several RNA-modifying enzymes in normal physiological functions raises concerns about potential side effects. A notable example is N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), which is responsible for acetylating cytidines in RNA. While emerging evidence positions NAT10 as an oncogenic factor and a potential target in various cancer types, its essential role in normal cellular processes complicates the development of targeted therapies. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the essential and oncogenic properties of NAT10. We discuss its crucial role in normal cell biology and aging alongside its contribution to cancer development and progression. We advocate for agnostic approaches to disentangling the intertwined essential and oncogenic functions of RNA-modifying enzymes. Such approaches are crucial for understanding the full spectrum of RNA-modifying enzymes and imperative for designing effective and safe therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood H Dalhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharath Narayan
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Serio
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Liu D, Yang X, Wang X. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote gastric cancer cell metastasis via the NAT10-mediated N4-acetylcytidine modification of SMYD2. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111014. [PMID: 38110168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with cancer metastasis. The current study aimed to explore the effects of NETs on gastric cancer (GC) cell metastasis and uncover their underlying mechanism. NETs were measured in the plasma of patients with GC. Then, GC cells were treated with NETs to assess cell viability, migration, and invasion using cell counting kit 8 and Transwell assay, The liver metastasis and xenograft tumor mouse models were established to assess tumor growth and metastasis. The N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) mediated by NAT10 was evaluated using acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation. The results showed that the level of NETs was increased in the plasma of patients with GC, particularly in those with metastatic GC. In addition, GC cell co-treatment with NETs promoted cell viability, migration and invasion, while NAT10 or SMYD2 knockdown abrogated this effect. NAT10 also promoted the ac4C modification of SMYD2, thus increasing SMYD2 stability. Furthermore, NETs promoted the metastasis of GC cells in the liver in vivo. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that NETs promoted GC cell metastasis via the NAT10-mediated ac4C modification of SMYD2. These findings suggested that inhibiting the formation of NETs could be an effective approach for attenuating GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Building 2E, phase II, Science Park, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, No. 82, Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyao Yang
- Department of Science and Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Second Hospital, No. 38, Weixing Road, Daowai District, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
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7
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Zhou M, Gamage ST, Tran KA, Bartee D, Wei X, Yin B, Berger S, Meier JL, Marmorstein R. Molecular Basis for RNA Cytidine Acetylation by NAT10. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587050. [PMID: 38585770 PMCID: PMC10996708 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Human NAT10 acetylates the N4 position of cytidine in RNA, predominantly on rRNA and tRNA, to facilitate ribosome biogenesis and protein translation. NAT10 has been proposed as a therapeutic target in cancers as well as aging-associated pathologies such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). The ∼120 kDa NAT10 protein uses its acetyl-CoA-dependent acetyltransferase, ATP-dependent helicase, and RNA binding domains in concert to mediate RNA-specific N4-cytidine acetylation. While the biochemical activity of NAT10 is well known, the molecular basis for catalysis of eukaryotic RNA acetylation remains relatively undefined. To provide molecular insights into the RNA-specific acetylation by NAT10, we determined the single particle cryo-EM structures of Chaetomium thermophilum NAT10 ( Ct NAT10) bound to a bisubstrate cytidine-CoA probe with and without ADP. The structures reveal that NAT10 forms a symmetrical heart-shaped dimer with conserved functional domains surrounding the acetyltransferase active sites harboring the cytidine-CoA probe. Structure-based mutagenesis with analysis of mutants in vitro supports the catalytic role of two conserved active site residues (His548 and Tyr549 in Ct NAT10), and two basic patches, both proximal and distal to the active site for RNA-specific acetylation. Yeast complementation analyses and senescence assays in human cells also implicates NAT10 catalytic activity in yeast thermoadaptation and cellular senescence. Comparison of the NAT10 structure to protein lysine and N-terminal acetyltransferase enzymes reveals an unusually open active site suggesting that these enzymes have been evolutionarily tailored for RNA recognition and cytidine-specific acetylation.
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8
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Gasque-Belz L, Raes K, Park B, Colville C, Siciliano S, Hogan N, Weber L, Campbell P, Peters R, Hanson M, Hecker M. Hazard assessment of complex legacy-contaminated groundwater mixtures using a novel approach method in adult fathead minnows. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133299. [PMID: 38141307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Traditional risk assessment methods face challenges in the determination of drivers of toxicity for complex mixtures such as those present at legacy-contaminated sites. Bioassay-driven analysis across several levels of biological organization represents an approach to address these obstacles. This study aimed to apply a novel transcriptomics tool, the EcoToxChip, to characterize the effects of complex mixtures of contaminants in adult fathead minnows (FHMs) and to compare molecular response patterns to higher-level biological responses. Adult FHMs were exposed for 4 and 21 days to groundwater mixtures collected from a legacy-contaminated site. Adult FHM showed significant induction of micronuclei in erythrocytes, decrease in reproductive capacities, and some abnormal appearance of liver histology. Parallel EcoToxChip analyses showed a high proportion of upregulated genes and a few downregulated genes characteristic of compensatory responses. The three most enriched pathways included thyroid endocrine processes, transcription and translation cellular processes, and xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Several of the most differentially regulated genes involved in these biological pathways could be linked to the apical outcomes observed in FHMs. We concluded that molecular responses as determined by EcoToxChip analysis show promise for informing of apical outcomes and could support risk assessments of complex contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gasque-Belz
- Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Katherine Raes
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bradley Park
- Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carly Colville
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Steven Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lynn Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Peters
- Federated Co-operatives Limited, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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9
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Zhang Y, Lei Y, Dong Y, Chen S, Sun S, Zhou F, Zhao Z, Chen B, Wei L, Chen J, Meng Z. Emerging roles of RNA ac4C modification and NAT10 in mammalian development and human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108576. [PMID: 38065232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA ac4C modification is a novel and rare chemical modification observed in mRNA. Traditional biochemical studies had primarily associated ac4C modification with tRNA and rRNA until in 2018, Arango D et al. first reported the presence of ac4C modification on mRNA and demonstrated its critical role in mRNA stability and translation regulation. Furthermore, they established that the ac4C modification on mRNA is mediated by the classical N-acetyltransferase NAT10. Subsequent studies have underscored the essential implications of NAT10 and mRNA ac4C modification across both physiological and pathological regulatory processes. In this review, we aimed to explore the discovery history of RNA ac4C modification, its detection methods, and its regulatory mechanisms in disease and physiological development. We offer a forward-looking examination and discourse concerning the employment of RNA ac4C modification as a prospective therapeutic strategy across diverse diseases. Furthermore, we comprehensively summarize the functions and mechanisms of NAT10 in gene expression regulation and pathogenesis independent of RNA ac4C modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei rovincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yumei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fange Zhou
- The First Clinical School of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lv Wei
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei rovincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
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10
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Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Ali E, Nauryzbaevish AS, Hjazi A, Fenjan MN, Alawadi A, Alsaalamy A, Alasheqi MQ, Mustafa YF. The mechanistic role of NAT10 in cancer: Unraveling the enigmatic web of oncogenic signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154990. [PMID: 38056132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), a versatile enzyme, has gained considerable attention as a significant player in the complex realm of cancer biology. Its enigmatic role in tumorigenesis extends across a wide array of cellular processes, impacting cell growth, differentiation, survival, and genomic stability. Within the intricate network of oncogenic signaling, NAT10 emerges as a crucial agent in multiple cancer types, such as breast, lung, colorectal, and leukemia. This compelling research addresses the intricate complexity of the mechanistic role of NAT10 in cancer development. By elucidating its active participation in essential physiological processes, we investigate the regulatory role of NAT10 in cell cycle checkpoints, coordination of chromatin remodeling, and detailed modulation of the delicate balance between apoptosis and cell survival. Perturbations in NAT10 expression and function have been linked to oncogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance in a variety of cancer types. Furthermore, the bewildering interactions between NAT10 and key oncogenic factors, such as p53 and c-Myc, are deciphered, providing profound insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer pathogenesis. Equally intriguing, the paradoxical role of NAT10 as a potential tumor suppressor or oncogene is influenced by context-dependent factors and the cellular microenvironment. This study explores the fascinating interplay of genetic changes, epigenetic changes, and post-translational modifications that shape the dual character of NAT10, revealing the delicate balance between cancer initiation and suppression. Taken together, this overview delves deeply into the enigmatic role of NAT10 in cancer, elucidating its multifaceted roles and its complex interplay with oncogenic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyhab Ali
- College of Chemistry, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Abdreshov Serik Nauryzbaevish
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology SC MSHE RK, Laboratory of Physiology Lymphatic System, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Fenjan
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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11
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Zhao K, Huang J, Zhao Y, Wang S, Xu J, Yin K. Targeting STING in cancer: Challenges and emerging opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188983. [PMID: 37717857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a key pathway through which the host regulates immune responses by recognizing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA of abnormal origin, and it plays an important role in tumor growth as well as metastasis, with relevant molecular details constantly being explored and updated. The significant immunomodulatory effects make STING an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy, and STING agonists have been receiving great attention for their development and clinical translation. Despite exciting results in preclinical work, the application of STING agonists to cancer therapy remains challenging due to their poor pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties, as well as toxic side effects they produce. Here, we summarize the dichotomous role of cGAS-STING in cancer and discuss the limitations of cancer immunotherapy based on STING activation as well as feasible strategies to overcome them to achieve tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Huang H, Zhang C, Fan H. N-acetyltransferase 10 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma through N4-acetylcytidine RNA acetylation of MMP1 mRNA. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4202-4215. [PMID: 37705232 PMCID: PMC10637085 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Therefore, clarifying its pathogenesis and molecular-level development mechanism has become the focus of OSCC research. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is a crucial enzyme involved in mRNA acetylation, regulating target gene expression and biological functions of various diseases through mediating N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation. However, its role in OSCC progression is not well understood. In this study, we showed that NAT10 was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues compared to normal oral tissues. Moreover, lentivirus-mediated NAT10 knockdown markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in two OSCC cell lines (SCC-9 and SCC-15). Interestingly, MMP1 was found to be significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and was a potential target of NAT10. N-acetyltransferase 10 knockdown significantly reduced both the total and ac4C acetylated levels of MMP1 mRNA and decreased its mRNA stability. Xenograft experiments further confirmed the inhibitory effect of NAT10 knockdown on the tumorigenesis and metastasis ability of OSCC cells and decreased MMP1 expression in vivo. Additionally, NAT10 knockdown impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in OSCC cell lines in an MMP1-dependent manner. Our results suggest that NAT10 acts as an oncogene in OSCC, and targeting ac4C acetylation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of StomatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of StomatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Cun‐bao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Hua‐nan Fan
- Department of StomatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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13
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Liang SP, Wang XZ, Piao MH, Chen X, Wang ZC, Li C, Wang YB, Lu S, He C, Wang YL, Chi GF, Ge PF. Activated SIRT1 contributes to DPT-induced glioma cell parthanatos by upregulation of NOX2 and NAT10. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2125-2138. [PMID: 37277492 PMCID: PMC10545831 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthanatos is a type of programmed cell death dependent on hyper-activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). SIRT1 is a highly conserved nuclear deacetylase and often acts as an inhibitor of parthanatos by deacetylation of PARP1. Our previous study showed that deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a natural compound isolated from the traditional herb Anthriscus sylvestris, triggered glioma cell death via parthanatos. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT1 in DPT-induced human glioma cell parthanatos. We showed that DPT (450 nmol/L) activated both PARP1 and SIRT1, and induced parthanatos in U87 and U251 glioma cells. Activation of SIRT1 with SRT2183 (10 μmol/L) enhanced, while inhibition of SIRT1 with EX527 (200 μmol/L) or knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated DPT-induced PARP1 activation and glioma cell death. We demonstrated that DPT (450 nmol/L) significantly decreased intracellular NAD+ levels in U87 and U251 cells. Further decrease of NAD+ levels with FK866 (100 μmol/L) aggravated, but supplement of NAD+ (0.5, 2 mmol/L) attenuated DPT-induced PARP1 activation. We found that NAD+ depletion enhanced PARP1 activation via two ways: one was aggravating ROS-dependent DNA DSBs by upregulation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2); the other was reinforcing PARP1 acetylation via increase of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) expression. We found that SIRT1 activity was improved when being phosphorylated by JNK at Ser27, the activated SIRT1 in reverse aggravated JNK activation via upregulating ROS-related ASK1 signaling, thus forming a positive feedback between JNK and SIRT1. Taken together, SIRT1 activated by JNK contributed to DPT-induced human glioma cell parthanatos via initiation of NAD+ depletion-dependent upregulation of NOX2 and NAT10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuan-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mei-Hua Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yu-Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guang-Fan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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14
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Luo J, Cao J, Chen C, Xie H. Emerging role of RNA acetylation modification ac4C in diseases: Current advances and future challenges. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115628. [PMID: 37247745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The oldest known highly conserved modification of RNA, N4-acetylcytidine, is widely distributed from archaea to eukaryotes and acts as a posttranscriptional chemical modification of RNA, contributing to the correct reading of specific nucleotide sequences during translation, stabilising mRNA and improving transcription efficiency. Yeast Kre33 and human NAT10, the only known authors of ac4C, modify tRNA with the help of the Tan1/THUMPD1 adapter to stabilise its structure. Currently, the mRNA for N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), catalysed by NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10), has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, particularly cancer. This article reviews advances in the study of ac4C modification of RNA and the ac4C-related gene NAT10 in normal physiological cell development, cancer, premature disease and viral infection and discusses its therapeutic promise and future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jingsong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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15
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García-Cárdenas JM, Armendáriz-Castillo I, García-Cárdenas N, Pesantez-Coronel D, López-Cortés A, Indacochea A, Guerrero S. Data mining identifies novel RNA-binding proteins involved in colon and rectal carcinomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1088057. [PMID: 37384253 PMCID: PMC10293682 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1088057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COREAD) is the second most deadly cancer and third most frequently encountered malignancy worldwide. Despite efforts in molecular subtyping and subsequent personalized COREAD treatments, multidisciplinary evidence suggests separating COREAD into colon cancer (COAD) and rectal cancer (READ). This new perspective could improve diagnosis and treatment of both carcinomas. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), as critical regulators of every hallmark of cancer, could fulfill the need to identify sensitive biomarkers for COAD and READ separately. To detect new RBPs involved in COAD and READ progression, here we used a multidata integration strategy to prioritize tumorigenic RBPs. We analyzed and integrated 1) RBPs genomic and transcriptomic alterations from 488 COAD and 155 READ patients, 2) ∼ 10,000 raw associations between RBPs and cancer genes, 3) ∼ 15,000 immunostainings, and 4) loss-of-function screens performed in 102 COREAD cell lines. Thus, we unraveled new putative roles of NOP56, RBM12, NAT10, FKBP1A, EMG1, and CSE1L in COAD and READ progression. Interestingly, FKBP1A and EMG1 have never been related with any of these carcinomas but presented tumorigenic features in other cancer types. Subsequent survival analyses highlighted the clinical relevance of FKBP1A, NOP56, and NAT10 mRNA expression to predict poor prognosis in COREAD and COAD patients. Further research should be performed to validate their clinical potential and to elucidate their molecular mechanisms underlying these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer M. García-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Ciencia de Datos Biomédicos, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Ciencia de Datos Biomédicos, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - David Pesantez-Coronel
- Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Indacochea
- Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Ciencia de Datos Biomédicos, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Dalhat MH, Choudhry H, Khan MI. NAT10, an RNA Cytidine Acetyltransferase, Regulates Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051116. [PMID: 37237981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) regulates fatty acid metabolism through ac4C-dependent RNA modification of key genes in cancer cells. During this work, we noticed ferroptosis as one of the most negatively enriched pathways among other pathways in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. In the current work, we explore the possibility of whether NAT10 acts as an epitranscriptomic regulator of the ferroptosis pathway in cancer cells. Global ac4C levels and expression of NAT10 with other ferroptosis-related genes were assessed via dotblot and RT-qPCR, respectively. Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis were used to assess oxidative stress and ferroptosis features. The ac4C-mediated mRNA stability was conducted using RIP-PCR and mRNA stability assay. Metabolites were profiled using LC-MS/MS. Our results showed significant downregulation in expression of essential genes related to ferroptosis, namely SLC7A11, GCLC, MAP1LC3A, and SLC39A8 in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. Further, we noticed a reduction in cystine uptake and reduced GSH levels, along with elevated ROS, and lipid peroxidation levels in NAT10-depleted cells. Consistently, overproduction of oxPLs, as well as increased mitochondrial depolarization and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, support the notion of ferroptosis induction in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. Mechanistically, a reduced ac4C level shortens the half-life of GCLC and SLC7A11 mRNA, resulting in low levels of intracellular cystine and reduced GSH, failing to detoxify ROS, and leading to increased cellular oxPLs, which facilitate ferroptosis induction. Collectively, our findings suggest that NAT10 restrains ferroptosis by stabilizing the SLC7A11 mRNA transcripts in order to avoid oxidative stress that induces oxidation of phospholipids to initiate ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Pezone A, Olivieri F, Napoli MV, Procopio A, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:200-211. [PMID: 36750681 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or chemicals. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation is characterized by the secretion of cytokines that maintain inflammation and redox stress. Mitochondrial or nuclear redox imbalance induces DNA damage, which triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) that is orchestrated by ATM and ATR kinases, which modify gene expression and metabolism and, eventually, establish the senescent phenotype. DDR-mediated senescence is induced by the signalling proteins p53, p16 and p21, which arrest the cell cycle in G1 or G2 and promote cytokine secretion, producing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence and inflammation phenotypes are intimately associated, but highly heterogeneous because they vary according to the cell type that is involved. The vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage and DDR-mediated senescence, along with the constitutive activation of the immune system, is the core of an evolutionarily conserved circuitry, which arrests the cell cycle to reduce the accumulation of mutations generated by DNA replication during redox stress caused by infection or inflammation. Evidence suggests that specific organ dysfunctions in apparently unrelated diseases of autoimmune, rheumatic, degenerative and vascular origins are caused by inflammation resulting from DNA damage-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Napoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Vittorio Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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18
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Zeng PH, Yin WJ. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway: a cross-talk of infection, senescence and tumors. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:38-56. [PMID: 35946607 PMCID: PMC9769453 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cGAS/STING signaling pathway is an important part of the cytoplasmic DNA sensor, which can trigger a type I interferon response to microbial infection when pathogenic DNA is detected. However, continuous inhibition of cGAS/STING signaling by viral infection may be an important cause of tumorigenesis. At the same time, recent studies have shown that although the cGAS/STING signaling pathway also plays a core role in anti-tumor immunity and cell senescence, the inflammatory response induced by cGAS/STING signaling will also promote tumorigenesis in different backgrounds. Here, we discuss the role of cGAS/STING in the context of infection, senescence, and tumors, especially with respect to progression, to facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of the cGAS/STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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19
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Jin C, Wang T, Zhang D, Yang P, Zhang C, Peng W, Jin K, Wang L, Zhou J, Peng C, Tan Y, Ji J, Chen Z, Sun Q, Yang S, Tang J, Feng Y, Sun Y. Acetyltransferase NAT10 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote colorectal cancer progression via ac 4C acetylation of KIF23 mRNA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:345. [PMID: 36522719 PMCID: PMC9753290 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) as a significant RNA modification has been reported to maintain the stability of mRNA and to regulate the translation process. However, the roles of both ac4C and its 'writer' protein N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) played in the disease especially colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear. At this point, we discover the underlying mechanism of NAT10 modulating the progression of CRC via mRNA ac4C modification. METHODS The clinical significance of NAT10 was explored based on the TCGA and GEO data sets and the 80 CRC patients cohort of our hospital. qRT-PCR, dot blot, WB, and IHC were performed to detect the level of NAT10 and ac4C modification in CRC tissues and matched adjacent tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assay, mouse xenograft, and other in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to probe the biological functions of NAT10. The potential mechanisms of NAT10 in CRC were clarified by RNA-seq, RIP-seq, acRIP-seq, luciferase reporter assays, etc. RESULTS: The levels of NAT10 and ac4C modification were significantly upregulated. Also, the high expression of NAT10 had important clinical values like poor prognosis, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, etc. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments showed that NAT10 could inhibit apoptosis and enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells and also arrest them in the G2/M phase. The in vivo experiments discovered that NAT10 could promote tumor growth and liver/lung metastasis. In terms of mechanism, NAT10 could mediate the stability of KIF23 mRNA by binding to its mRNA 3'UTR region and up-regulating its mRNA ac4c modification. And then the protein level of KIF23 was elevated to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and more β-catenin was transported into the nucleus which led to the CRC progression. Besides, the inhibitor of NAT10, remodelin, was applied in vitro and vivo which showed an inhibitory effect on the CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS NAT10 promotes the CRC progression through the NAT10/KIF23/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis and its expression is mediated by GSK-3β which forms a feedback loop. Our findings provide a potential prognosis or therapeutic target for CRC and remodelin deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Jin
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangpeng Jin
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaofan Peng
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqian Tan
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangzhou Ji
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyang Sun
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Tang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Zheng X, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Geng Y, Hu W, Wu C, Shi Y, Jiang J. N-acetyltransferase 10 promotes colon cancer progression by inhibiting ferroptosis through N4-acetylation and stabilization of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) mRNA. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1347-1366. [PMID: 36209353 PMCID: PMC9759759 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is the only enzyme known to mediate the N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of mRNA and is crucial for mRNA stability and translation efficiency. However, its role in cancer development and prognosis has not yet been explored. This study aimed to examine the possible role of NAT10 in colon cancer. METHODS The expression levels of NAT10 were evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses with a colon cancer tissue microarray, and its prognostic value in patients was further analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to analyze NAT10 expression in harvested colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Stable NAT10-knockdown and NAT10-overexpressing colon cancer cell lines were constructed using lentivirus. The biological functions of NAT10 in colon cancer cell lines were analyzed in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, Transwell, cell cycle, and ferroptosis assays. Xenograft models were used to analyze the effect of NAT10 on the tumorigenesis and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vivo. Dot blotting, acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and RNA stability analyses were performed to explore the mechanism by which NAT10 functions in colon cancer progression. RESULTS NAT10 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues and various colon cancer cell lines. This increased NAT10 expression was associated with shorter patient survival. Knockdown of NAT10 in two colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and LoVo) impaired the proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor formation and metastasis of these cells, whereas overexpression of NAT10 promoted these abilities. Further analysis revealed that NAT10 exerted a strong effect on the mRNA stability and expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) in HT-29 and LoVo cells. In these cells, FSP1 mRNA was found to be modified by ac4C acetylation, and this epigenetic modification was associated with the inhibition of ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that NAT10 plays a critical role in colon cancer development by affecting FSP1 mRNA stability and ferroptosis, suggesting that NAT10 could be a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatmentthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatmentthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatmentthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Pathologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - Yiting Geng
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Department of Oncologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Department of Oncologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatmentthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Department of Oncologythe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatmentthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Institute for Translational Medicine of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215000P. R. China,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and TumorShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031P. R. China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatmentthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor ImmunotherapyChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003P. R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023P. R. China
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21
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Wu Y, Xie M, Sun JH, Li CC, Dong GH, Zhang QS, Cui PL. Cellular senescence: a promising therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3463-3470. [PMID: 36069254 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide, and efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cellular senescence is a physiological process in cell life, but it is also found in cancer initiation and progression. Lines of evidence show that senescence may influence the development and progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, the authors review the characteristics of senescence and the recent findings of a relationship between senescence and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Min Xie
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Cong-Cong Li
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ge-Hong Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Pei-Lin Cui
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
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22
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Lu W, Liu J, Li X, Zhu S, Liu H, Song Y. c-myc-mediated upregulation of NAT10 facilitates tumor development via cell cycle regulation in non-small cell lung cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:140. [PMID: 35834140 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is a nucleolar acetyltransferase and has been reported to facilitate tumorigenesis in various cancers, but its role in NSCLC and how it is regulated remain to be assessed. The expression of NAT10 was explored in online databases and our collected clinical specimens. The relationship of NAT10 and clinical characteristics was evaluated using the online databases. Functional analyses were utilized to determine the effect of NAT10 on the proliferation and migration abilities. KEGG pathway analyses were conducted to investigate NAT10-related pathways in NSCLC. The influence of NAT10 on cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry and cell synchronization assay. The association between c-myc and NAT10 promoter was determined by ChIP. Compared with normal tissue, NAT10 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC. Upregulated NAT10 was associated with more advanced stage for lung adenocarcinoma and shorter overall survival and first progression time for lung cancer. NAT10 could promote proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. c-myc positively regulated the expression of NAT10 as a transcription factor. KEGG pathway analyses indicated that NAT10 was significantly involved in cell cycle regulation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and other pathways. The knockdown of NAT10-induced G1 arrest, which was possibly mediated by the downregulation of cyclin D1.Our findings suggested that c-myc-mediated upregulation of NAT10 promoted the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells and NAT10 might be a marker for prognosis and a promising target for treatment in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yicong Huang
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Wanjun Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Ma N, Liu H, Wu Y, Yao M, Zhang B. Inhibition of N-Acetyltransferase 10 Suppresses the Progression of Prostate Cancer through Regulation of DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126573. [PMID: 35743017 PMCID: PMC9223896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer suppression through the inhibition of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) by its specific inhibitor Remodelin has been demonstrated in a variety of human cancers. Here, we report the inhibitory effects of Remodelin on prostate cancer (PCa) cells and the possible associated mechanisms. The prostate cancer cell lines VCaP, LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 were used. The in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were measured by a cell proliferation assay, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. In vivo tumor growth was analyzed by transplantation into nude mice. The inhibition of NAT10 by Remodelin not only suppressed growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, but also the in vivo cancer growth of prostate cancer cells. The involvement of NAT10 in DNA replication was assessed by EdU labeling, DNA spreading, iPOND, and ChIP-PCR assays. The inhibition of NAT10 by Remodelin slowed DNA replication. NAT10 was detected in the prereplication complex, and it could also bind to DNA replication origins. Furthermore, the interaction between NAT10 and CDC6 was analyzed by Co-IP. The altered expression of NAT10 was measured by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Remodelin markedly reduced the levels of CDC6 and AR. The expression of NAT10 could be altered under either castration or noncastration conditions, and Remodelin still suppressed the growth of in vitro-induced castration-resistant prostate cancers. The analysis of a TCGA database revealed that the overexpression of NAT10, CDC6, and MCM7 in prostate cancers were correlated with the Gleason score and node metastasis. Our data demonstrated that Remodelin, an inhibitor of NAT10, effectively inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells under either no castration or castration conditions, likely by impairing DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82802627
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24
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Dalhat MH, Mohammed MRS, Ahmad A, Khan MI, Choudhry H. Remodelin, a N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) inhibitor, alters mitochondrial lipid metabolism in cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1936-1945. [PMID: 34605570 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Remodelin is a small molecule inhibitor of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), reported to reverse the effect of cancer conditions such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and drug resistance. We analysed RNA seq data of siNAT10 and found many metabolic pathways were altered, this made us perform unbiased metabolic analysis. Here we performed untargeted metabolomics in Remodelin treated cancer cells using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis revealed a total number of 138 of which 52 metabolites were significantly modified in Remodelin treated cells. Among the most significantly altered metabolites, we identified metabolites related with mitochondrial fatty acid elongation (MFAE) and mitochondrial beta-oxidation such as lauroyl-CoA, cholesterol, triglycerides, (S)-3-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA, and NAD+ . Furthermore, assessment showed alteration in expression of Enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1, mitochondrial (ECHS1), and Mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (MECR) genes, associated with MFAE pathway. We also found statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides in Remodelin treated cancer cells. Overall, our results showed that Remodelin alters mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation in cancer cells. Finally, we validated these results in NAT10 knockdown cancer cells and found that NAT10 reduction results in alteration in gene expression associated with mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, clearly suggesting the possible role of NAT10 in maintaining mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Razeeth Shait Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Luan L, Lu F, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Chen G, Yao H, Shi X, Yuan Z, Zhou G, Zhang H, He S. The predictive value of RNA binding proteins in colon adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1543-1557. [PMID: 34532109 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in regulating post-transcriptional gene expression and have been reported to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the effect of RBPs in colon cancer remains unclear. Methods We downloaded clinical information and transcriptome data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) database. After combining this data, we identified differentially expressed RBPs in normal and cancer tissues and subsequently performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Prognosis-related RBPs were identified via Cox regression analysis. The samples were randomly divided into two groups; an experimental group and a control group. A predictive model was constructed by dividing the experimental group into high- and low-risk subgroups based on the scores of the prognostic-related RBPs, and the prognosis of samples in these two subgroups was compared. Then, this model was applied to the control group. Finally, the model results were verified based on an online survival database and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Results A total of 469 differentially expressed RBPs were identified in normal and cancer tissues. Ten prognosis-related RBPs were determined by Cox regression analysis. In the prognostic prediction model, the prognosis of high-risk patients in the experimental group was worse than that in the low-risk group, and the same result was obtained in the control group. In addition, the risk score in the Cox regression analysis showed that the model could be used as an independent prognostic factor (P<0.001). The results of the online survival analysis tool, HPA database, and the model were consistent. Conclusions Some specific RBPs are significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with COAD, and this finding may provide important information for the future diagnosis and treatment of patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Luan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, Xu Zhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengli Hospital of Shengli Oilfield, Dongying, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huihui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zihan Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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26
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Genotoxic stress in constitutive trisomies induces autophagy and the innate immune response via the cGAS-STING pathway. Commun Biol 2021; 4:831. [PMID: 34215848 PMCID: PMC8253785 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain of even a single chromosome leads to changes in human cell physiology and uniform perturbations of specific cellular processes, including downregulation of DNA replication pathway, upregulation of autophagy and lysosomal degradation, and constitutive activation of the type I interferon response. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. We show that the constitutive nuclear localization of TFEB, a transcription factor that activates the expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes, is characteristic of human trisomic cells. Constitutive nuclear localization of TFEB in trisomic cells is independent of mTORC1 signaling, but depends on the cGAS-STING activation. Trisomic cells accumulate cytoplasmic dsDNA, which activates the cGAS-STING signaling cascade, thereby triggering nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor IRF3 and, consequently, upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes. cGAS depletion interferes with TFEB-dependent upregulation of autophagy in model trisomic cells. Importantly, activation of both the innate immune response and autophagy occurs also in primary trisomic embryonic fibroblasts, independent of the identity of the additional chromosome. Our research identifies the cGAS-STING pathway as an upstream regulator responsible for activation of autophagy and inflammatory response in human cells with extra chromosomes, such as in Down syndrome or other aneuploidy-associated pathologies. Studying trisomic cell lines derived from RPE1 and HCT116 cells, Krivega et al find that autophagy is induced independently of mTORC1 in these cells. Rather, they observe that nuclear accumulation of TFEB and IRF3 and activation of the inflammatory response and autophagy in trisomic cells is dependent on the cGAS-STING pathway.
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27
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Yao M, Wu Y, Cao Y, Liu H, Ma N, Chai Y, Zhang S, Zhang H, Nong L, Liang L, Zhang B. Autophagy-Mediated Clearance of Free Genomic DNA in the Cytoplasm Protects the Growth and Survival of Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667920. [PMID: 34123836 PMCID: PMC8189927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS (GMP-AMP synthase)-mediated senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and DNA-induced autophagy (DNA autophagy) have been extensively investigated in recent years. However, cGAS-mediated autophagy has not been elucidated in cancer cells. The described investigation revealed that active DNA autophagy but not SASP activity could be detected in the BT-549 breast cancer cell line with high micronucleus (MN) formation. DNA autophagy was identified as selective autophagy of free genomic DNA in the cytoplasm but not nucleophagy. The process of DNA autophagy in the cytosol could be initiate by cGAS and usually cooperates with SQSTM1-mediated autophagy of ubiquitinated histones. Cytoplasmic DNA, together with nuclear proteins such as histones, could be derived from DNA replication-induced nuclear damage and MN collapse. The inhibition of autophagy through chemical inhibitors as well as the genomic silencing of cGAS or SQSTM1 could suppress the growth and survival of cancer cells, and induced DNA damage could increase the sensitivity to these inhibitors. Furthermore, expanded observations of several other kinds of human cancer cells indicated that high relative DNA autophagy or enhancement of DNA damage could also increase or sensitize these cells to inhibition of DNA autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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28
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Yang C, Wu T, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao K, Sun W, Zhou X, Kong X, Shi J. Prognostic and Immunological Role of mRNA ac4C Regulator NAT10 in Pan-Cancer: New Territory for Cancer Research? Front Oncol 2021; 11:630417. [PMID: 34094911 PMCID: PMC8170476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.630417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NAT10 (also known as human N-acetyltransferase-like protein) is a critical gene that regulates N4-acetylcytidine formation in RNA, similar to the multiple regulators of N6-methyladenosine. However, the underlying functions and mechanisms of NAT10 in tumor progression and immunology are unclear. Methods In this study, we systematically analyzed the pan-cancer expression and correlations of NAT10, using databases including Oncomine, PrognoScan, GEPIA2, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The potential correlations of NAT10 with immune infiltration stages and gene marker sets were analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and GEPIA2. Results Compared with normal tissues, NAT10 showed higher expression in most cancers based on combined data from TCGA and GTEx. In different datasets, high NAT10 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations between NAT10 expression and immune infiltrates, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in LIHC. NAT10 expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker gene sets in LIHC. Conclusion NAT10 expression affects the prognosis of pan-cancer patients and is significantly correlated with tumor immune infiltration. Furthermore, it represents a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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Cuollo L, Antonangeli F, Santoni A, Soriani A. The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) in the Challenging Future of Cancer Therapy and Age-Related Diseases. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120485. [PMID: 33371508 PMCID: PMC7767554 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A fundamental feature of cellular senescence is the emergence of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), which represents a considerable source of inflammatory and tissue-remodeling cues. The pathophysiological relevance of senescence and SASP has generated a fertile area of research aimed at manipulating the SASP to fight cancer and age-related conditions. This review enlightens the most important mechanisms that regulate the SASP and summarizes the current evidence on the feasibility of intervening on its composition, providing a reading frame of the general potentialities of SASP modulation. Abstract Cellular senescence represents a robust tumor-protecting mechanism that halts the proliferation of stressed or premalignant cells. However, this state of stable proliferative arrest is accompanied by the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), which entails the copious secretion of proinflammatory signals in the tissue microenvironment and contributes to age-related conditions, including, paradoxically, cancer. Novel therapeutic strategies aim at eliminating senescent cells with the use of senolytics or abolishing the SASP without killing the senescent cell with the use of the so-called “senomorphics”. In addition, recent works demonstrate the possibility of modifying the composition of the secretome by genetic or pharmacological intervention. The purpose is not to renounce the potent immunostimulatory nature of SASP, but rather learning to modulate it for combating cancer and other age-related diseases. This review describes the main molecular mechanisms regulating the SASP and reports the evidence of the feasibility of abrogating or modulating the SASP, discussing the possible implications of both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cuollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (A.S.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (A.S.)
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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