1
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Montanari E, Gonelle-Gispert C, Seebach JD, Knoll MF, Bottino R, Bühler LH. Immunological aspects of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation: a comparison between mouse and human. Transpl Int 2019; 32:903-912. [PMID: 31033036 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet allotransplantation is a treatment for patients with severe forms of type 1 diabetes. As long-term graft function and survival are not yet optimal, additional studies are warranted in order to continue improving transplant outcomes. The mechanisms of islet graft loss and tolerance induction are often studied in murine diabetes models. Despite numerous islet transplantation studies successfully performed over recent years, translation from experimental mouse models to human clinical application remains elusive. This review aims at critically discussing the strengths and limitations of current mouse models of diabetes and experimental islet transplantation. In particular, we will analyze the causes leading to diabetes and compare the immunological mechanisms responsible for rejection between mouse and human. A better understanding of the experimental mouse models should facilitate translation to human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montanari
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael F Knoll
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Benson RA, Garcon F, Recino A, Ferdinand JR, Clatworthy MR, Waldmann H, Brewer JM, Okkenhaug K, Cooke A, Garside P, Wållberg M. Non-Invasive Multiphoton Imaging of Islets Transplanted Into the Pinna of the NOD Mouse Ear Reveals the Immediate Effect of Anti-CD3 Treatment in Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1006. [PMID: 29867981 PMCID: PMC5968092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel and readily accessible method facilitating cellular time-resolved imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets. Grafting of islets to the mouse ear pinna allows non-invasive, in vivo longitudinal imaging of events in the islets and enables improved acquisition of experimental data and use of fewer experimental animals than is possible using invasive techniques, as the same mouse can be assessed for the presence of islet infiltrating cells before and after immune intervention. We have applied this method to investigating therapeutic protection of beta cells through the well-established use of anti-CD3 injection, and have acquired unprecedented data on the nature and rapidity of the effect on the islet infiltrating T cells. We demonstrate that infusion of anti-CD3 antibody leads to immediate effects on islet infiltrating T cells in islet grafts in the pinna of the ear, and causes them to increase their speed and displacement within 20 min of infusion. This technique overcomes several technical challenges associated with intravital imaging of pancreatic immune responses and facilitates routine study of beta islet cell development, differentiation, and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Benson
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Garcon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Recino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Brewer
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Wållberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Farid M, Agrawal A, Fremgen D, Tao J, Chuyi H, Nesburn AB, BenMohamed L. Age-related Defects in Ocular and Nasal Mucosal Immune System and the Immunopathology of Dry Eye Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 24:327-47. [PMID: 25535823 PMCID: PMC4478284 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2014.986581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent public health concern that affects up to 30% of adults and is particularly chronic and severe in the elderly. Two interconnected mechanisms cause DED: (1) an age-related dysfunction of lacrimal and meibomian glands, which leads to decreased tear production and/or an increase in tear evaporation; and (2) an age-related uncontrolled inflammation of the surface of the eye triggered by yet-to-be-determined internal immunopathological mechanisms, independent of tear deficiency and evaporation. In this review we summarize current knowledge on animal models that mimic both the severity and chronicity of inflammatory DED and that have been reliably used to provide insights into the immunopathological mechanisms of DED, and we provide an overview of the opportunities and limitations of the rabbit model in investigating the role of both ocular and nasal mucosal immune systems in the immunopathology of inflammatory DED and in testing novel immunotherapies aimed at delaying or reversing the uncontrolled age-related inflammatory DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Farid
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel Fremgen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jeremiah Tao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - He Chuyi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Biochemistry and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
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4
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Baas M, Besançon A, Goncalves T, Valette F, Yagita H, Sawitzki B, Volk HD, Waeckel-Enée E, Rocha B, Chatenoud L, You S. TGFβ-dependent expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 controls CD8(+) T cell anergy in transplant tolerance. eLife 2016; 5:e08133. [PMID: 26824266 PMCID: PMC4749558 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell anergy is a critical mechanism of peripheral tolerance, poorly investigated in response to immunotherapy. Here, using a pancreatic islet allograft model and CD3 antibody therapy, we showed, by single cell gene profiling, that intragraft CD8+ lymphocytes coexpressing granzyme B and perforin were selectively depleted through the Fas/FasL pathway. This step led to long-standing anergy of the remaining CD8+ T cells marked by the absence of cytotoxic/inflammatory gene expression also confirmed by transcriptome analysis. This sustained unresponsiveness required the presence of the alloantigens. Furthermore, tissue-resident CD8+ lymphocytes produced TGFβ and expressed the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and PD-L1. Blockade of TGFβ downregulated PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and precipitated graft rejection. Neutralizing PD-1, PD-L1 or TGFβRII signaling in T cells also abrogated CD3 antibody-induced tolerance. These studies unravel novel mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell anergy and reveal a cell intrinsic regulatory link between the TGFβ and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08133.001 The immune system is always on guard for signs of infection or cells that have become diseased. When these signs are identified, a subset of white blood cells called CD8+ T cells leap into action, multiply in number and then act to eliminate the potential threat. While this response is essential to fighting off infections and other diseases like cancer, it can backfire in people with an organ transplant. Indeed, the CD8+ T cells can target and attack the cells of the transplanted organ causing the body to reject the organ. One way to avoid transplant rejection would be to turn off CD8+ T cells that have learned to recognize cells from the transplant. In fact, studies in 2012 and 2013 showed that treating transplanted animals with an antibody that binds T cells protects a transplanted organ from attack. This treatment had to be given after the CD8+ T cells had recognized and began targeting the transplanted organ to be effective. But it was not clear exactly how this antibody treatment protected the transplant. Now, Baas, Besançon et al. – including some of the same researchers involved in the earlier studies – show that the antibodies used in the treatment selectively target and eliminate the attacking CD8+ T cells. This leaves behind only inactive CD8+ T cells that don’t harm the transplant. To do this, Baas, Besançon et al. transplanted pancreatic cells from mice into other mice with a diabetes-like disorder. Next, the experiments compared gene expression in CD8+ T cells found within the transplanted tissue in mice that were treated with the antibody and those that were not treated. The expression of many genes for toxic molecules was stopped after treatment with the antibody leaving the CD8+ T cells in an inactive state. In addition, the treated CD8+ T cells expressed more of a certain type of receptor (called PD-1 and PD-L1) that acts as inhibitory checkpoint for the immune system. So, Baas, Besançon et al. treated transplanted mice with both the T cell-eliminating antibody and antibodies that block these inhibitory receptors to see what would happen. The transplanted organs were quickly attacked and rejected. This shows that the inhibitory receptors play a crucial role in helping to shut down attacking CD8+ T cells in the initial antibody treatment and allowed long-term survival of the transplanted organs. Blocking another protein called TGFβ in antibody-treated mice also caused organ rejection. The findings help explain how these antibodies protect transplanted organs and may help scientists trying to develop new anti-transplant rejection drugs in the future. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08133.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Baas
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alix Besançon
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Tania Goncalves
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Valette
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Waeckel-Enée
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Lymphocyte Population Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sylvaine You
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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5
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You S. Differential sensitivity of regulatory and effector T cells to cell death: a prerequisite for transplant tolerance. Front Immunol 2015; 6:242. [PMID: 26042125 PMCID: PMC4437185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress achieved in transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies currently used to prevent graft rejection are still endowed with severe side effects impairing their efficiency over the long term. Thus, the development of graft-specific, non-toxic innovative therapeutic strategies has become a major challenge, the goal being to selectively target alloreactive effector T cells while sparing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote operational tolerance. Various approaches, notably the one based on monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins directed against the TCR/CD3 complex, TCR coreceptors, or costimulatory molecules, have been proposed to reduce the alloreactive T cell pool, which is an essential prerequisite to create a therapeutic window allowing Tregs to induce and maintain allograft tolerance. In this mini review, we focus on the differential sensitivity of Tregs and effector T cells to the depleting and inhibitory effect of these immunotherapies, with a particular emphasis on CD3-specific antibodies that beyond their immunosuppressive effect, also express potent tolerogenic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine You
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades , Paris , France ; CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades , Paris , France
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6
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Baas MC, Kuhn C, Valette F, Mangez C, Duarte MS, Hill M, Besançon A, Chatenoud L, Cuturi MC, You S. Combining Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy with CD3 Antibodies Promotes Regulatory T Cells and Permanent Islet Allograft Acceptance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4696-703. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Ramirez AE, Cheng HY, Lao WW, Wang YL, Wen CJ, Wallace CG, Lin CF, Shih LY, Chuang SH, Wei FC. A novel rat full-thickness hemi-abdominal wall/hindlimb osteomyocutaneous combined flap: influence of allograft mass and vascularized bone marrow content on vascularized composite allograft survival. Transpl Int 2014; 27:977-86. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E. Ramirez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Pontifical Catholic University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - William W. Lao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Yen-Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Wen
- School of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Christopher G. Wallace
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Shih
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan Taiwan
- School of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
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