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Hasan M, Choi J, Akter H, Kang H, Ahn M, Lee S. Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle Therapy for Inhibiting T-Cell Mediated Inflammation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307148. [PMID: 38161230 PMCID: PMC10953552 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tolerance induction is critical for mitigating T cell-mediated inflammation. Treatments based on anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) play a pivotal role in inducing such tolerance. Anti-CD3 mAb conjugated with dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) may induce inflammatory tolerance is posited. MNPs conjugated with anti-CD3 mAb (Ab-MNPs) are characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and their distribution is assessed using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Compared to MNPs, 90% of Ab-MNPs increased in size from 54.7 ± 0.5 to 71.7 ± 2.7 nm. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic material as nontoxic and biocompatible. Mice are administered various dosages of Ab-MNPs before receiving concanavalin-A (ConA), an inflammation inducer. Preadministration of Ab-MNPs, as opposed to MNPs or anti-CD3 mAb alone, significantly reduced the serum levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-6 in ConA-treated mice. Additionally, the transdermal stamp patch as an effective delivery system for Ab-MNPs is validated. This study demonstrates the utility of the Ab-MNP complex in pathologies associated with T cell-mediated hyperinflammation, such as organ transplantation and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyLife Science FacultyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganj8100Bangladesh
| | - Jong‐Gu Choi
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
| | - Hafeza Akter
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
| | - Hasung Kang
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Life ScienceSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
| | - Sang‐Suk Lee
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
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Vagnerová K, Gazárková T, Vodička M, Ergang P, Klusoňová P, Hudcovic T, Šrůtková D, Petr Hermanová P, Nováková L, Pácha J. Microbiota modulates the steroid response to acute immune stress in male mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330094. [PMID: 38361932 PMCID: PMC10867242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a role in shaping the HPA-axis response to psychological stressors. To examine the role of microbiota in response to acute immune stressor, we stimulated the adaptive immune system by anti-CD3 antibody injection and investigated the expression of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes and profiling of plasma corticosteroids and their metabolites in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, we showed that 4 hours after immune challenge the plasma levels of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone (CORT), 11-dehydroCORT and their 3α/β-, 5α-, and 20α-reduced metabolites were increased in SPF mice, but in their GF counterparts, only CORT was increased. Neither immune stress nor microbiota changed the mRNA and protein levels of enzymes of adrenal steroidogenesis. In contrast, immune stress resulted in downregulated expression of steroidogenic genes (Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd3b6) and upregulated expression of genes of the 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase pathway (Akr1c21, Dhrs9) in the testes of SPF mice. In the liver, immune stress downregulated the expression of genes encoding enzymes with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) (Hsd3b2, Hsd3b3, Hsd3b4, Hsd3b5), 3α-HSD (Akr1c14), 20α-HSD (Akr1c6, Hsd17b1, Hsd17b2) and 5α-reductase (Srd5a1) activities, except for Dhrs9, which was upregulated. In the colon, microbiota downregulated Cyp11a1 and modulated the response of Hsd11b1 and Hsd11b2 expression to immune stress. These data underline the role of microbiota in shaping the response to immune stressor. Microbiota modulates the stress-induced increase in C21 steroids, including those that are neuroactive that could play a role in alteration of HPA axis response to stress in GF animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vagnerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Taťána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Klusoňová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Šrůtková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | | | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Sethi GS, Gracias DT, Gupta RK, Carr D, Miki H, Da Silva Antunes R, Croft M. Anti-CD3 inhibits circulatory and tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that drive asthma exacerbations in mice. Allergy 2023; 78:2168-2180. [PMID: 36951658 DOI: 10.1111/all.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations of asthma are thought to be strongly dependent on reactivation of allergen-induced lung tissue-resident and circulatory memory CD4 T cells. Strategies that broadly inhibit multiple T cell populations might then be useful to limit asthma. Accordingly, we tested whether targeting CD3 during exposure to inhaled allergen could prevent the accumulation of lung-localized effector memory CD4 T cells and block exacerbations of asthmatic inflammation. METHODS House dust mite-sensitized and repetitively challenged BL/6 mice were transiently treated therapeutically with F(ab')2 anti-CD3ε and memory T cell responses and lung inflammation were assessed. PBMCs from HDM-allergic donors were examined for the effect of anti-CD3 on expansion of allergen-reactive T cells. RESULTS Allergen-sensitized mice undergoing exacerbations of asthma were protected from lung inflammation by transient therapeutic treatment with F(ab')2 anti-CD3. Regardless of whether sensitized mice underwent a secondary or tertiary recall response to inhaled allergen, anti-CD3 inhibited all phenotypes of effector memory CD4 T cells in the lung tissue and lung vasculature by 80%-90%, including those derived from tissue-resident and circulatory memory T cells. This did not depend on Treg cells suggesting it was primarily a blocking effect on memory T cell signaling. Correspondingly, anti-CD3 also strongly inhibited proliferation of human allergen-reactive memory CD4 T cells from allergic individuals. In contrast, the number of surviving tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that were maintained in the lungs at later times was not robustly reduced by anti-CD3. CONCLUSION Anti-CD3 F(ab')2 administration at the time of allergen exposure represents a viable strategy for limiting the immediate activity of allergen-responding memory T cells and asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurupreet S Sethi
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donald T Gracias
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rinkesh K Gupta
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Carr
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Haruka Miki
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ricardo Da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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G Moreira T, Gauthier CD, Murphy L, Lanser TB, Paul A, Matos KTF, Mangani D, Izzy S, Rezende RM, Healy BC, Baecher-Allan CM, Chitnis T, Kuchroo V, Weiner HL. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 mAb (Foralumab) downregulates NKG7 and increases TGFB1 and GIMAP7 expression in T cells in subjects with COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220272120. [PMID: 36881624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220272120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are present in early stages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and play a major role in disease outcome and long-lasting immunity. Nasal administration of a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (Foralumab) reduced lung inflammation as well as serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein in moderate cases of COVID-19. Using serum proteomics and RNA-sequencing, we investigated the immune changes in patients treated with nasal Foralumab. In a randomized trial, mild to moderate COVID-19 outpatients received nasal Foralumab (100 μg/d) given for 10 consecutive days and were compared to patients that did not receive Foralumab. We found that naïve-like T cells were increased in Foralumab-treated subjects and NGK7+ effector T cells were reduced. CCL5, IL32, CST7, GZMH, GZMB, GZMA, PRF1, and CCL4 gene expression were downregulated in T cells and CASP1 was downregulated in T cells, monocytes, and B cells in subjects treated with Foralumab. In addition to the downregulation of effector features, an increase in TGFB1 gene expression in cell types with known effector function was observed in Foralumab-treated subjects. We also found increased expression of GTP-binding gene GIMAP7 in subjects treated with Foralumab. Rho/ROCK1, a downstream pathway of GTPases signaling was downregulated in Foralumab-treated individuals. TGFB1, GIMAP7, and NKG7 transcriptomic changes observed in Foralumab-treated COVID-19 subjects were also observed in healthy volunteers, MS subjects, and mice treated with nasal anti-CD3. Our findings demonstrate that nasal Foralumab modulates the inflammatory response in COVID-19 and provides a novel avenue to treat the disease.
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LeFevre JD, Cyriac SL, Tokmic A, Pitlick JM. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes: A literature review. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2022; 79:2099-2117. [PMID: 36056809 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of beta cells, resulting in a loss of insulin production. Patients with T1D carry a substantial disease burden as well as substantial short-term and long-term risks associated with inadequate glycemic control. Currently, treatment mainly consists of insulin, which only treats the symptoms of T1D and not the root cause. Thus, disease-modifying agents such as anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in T1D would provide significant relief and health benefits for patients with T1D. This review summarizes the clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of anti-CD3 mAbs in the prevention and treatment of T1D. SUMMARY A total of 27 studies reporting or evaluating data from clinical trials involving otelixizumab and teplizumab were included in the review. Anti-CD3 mAbs have shown significant benefits in both patients at high risk for T1D and those with recent-onset T1D. In high-risk populations, anti-CD3 mAbs delayed time to diagnosis, preserved C-peptide levels, and improved metabolic parameters. In recent-onset T1D, anti-CD3 mAbs preserved C-peptide levels and reduced insulin needs for extended periods. Anti-CD3 mAb therapy appears to be safe, with primarily transient and self-limiting adverse effects and no negative long-term effects. CONCLUSION Anti-CD3 mAbs are promising disease-modifying treatments for T1D. Their role in T1D may introduce short-term and long-term benefits with the potential to mitigate the significant disease burden; however, more evidence is required for an accurate assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D LeFevre
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Sneha L Cyriac
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Adna Tokmic
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Jamie M Pitlick
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
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Moreira TG, Matos KTF, De Paula GS, Santana TMM, Da Mata RG, Pansera FC, Cortina AS, Spinola MG, Baecher-Allan CM, Keppeke GD, Jacob J, Palejwala V, Chen K, Izzy S, Healey BC, Rezende RM, Dedivitis RA, Shailubhai K, Weiner HL. Corrigendum: Nasal Administration of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody (Foralumab) Reduces Lung Inflammation and Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2022; 12:815812. [PMID: 35095916 PMCID: PMC8790742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.815812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimble T F Matos
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelle G Spinola
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clare M Baecher-Allan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerson D Keppeke
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Jacob
- Tiziana LifeScience, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | | | - Karen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian C Healey
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Xie F, Zhang L, Shi S, Zheng A, Di J, Jin S, Miao X, Wu F, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wei X, Xu Y. Liposomal T cell engager and re-director for tumor cell eradication in cancer immunotherapy. MAbs 2022; 14:2115205. [PMID: 36041060 PMCID: PMC9450900 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are one of the most important effector cells in cancer immunotherapy. Various T cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB) drugs that engage T cells for targeted cancer cell lysis are being developed. Here, we describe supra-molecular T-cell redirecting antibody fragment-anchored liposomes (TRAFsomes) and report their immune modulation and anti-cancer effects. We found that TRAFsomes containing different copies of anti-CD3 fragments displayed different T cell modulation profiles, showing that optimization of surface density is needed to define the therapeutic window for potentiating cancer cell-specific immune reactions while minimizing nonspecific side effects. Moreover, small molecular immunomodulators may also be incorporated by liposomal encapsulation to drive CD8 + T cell biased immune responses. In vivo studies using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell reconstituted mouse models showed that TRAFsomes remained bounded to human T cells and persisted for more than 48 hours after injection. However, only TRAFsomes containing a few anti-CD3 (n = 9) demonstrated significant T cell-mediated anti-cancer activities to reverse tumor growth. Those with more anti-CD3s (n = 70) caused tumor growth and depletion of human T cells at the end of treatments. These data suggested that TRAFsomes can be as potent as traditional TDBs and the liposomal structure offers great potential for immunomodulation and improvement of the therapeutic index. Abbreviation: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) Effector: target ratios (E:T ratios), Heavy chain (HC) Immune-related adverse events (irAE), Large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, Single-chain variable fragment (scFv), T cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB), T cell redirecting antibody fragment-anchored liposomes (TRAFsomes), Methoxy poly-(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luchen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sanyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anjie Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- R&D department, Hangzhou Highfield Bipharmaceuticals Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuguang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenglan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- R&D department, Hangzhou Highfield Bipharmaceuticals Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- R&D department, Hangzhou Highfield Bipharmaceuticals Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- R&D department, Hangzhou Highfield Bipharmaceuticals Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Mignogna C, Maddaloni E, D'Onofrio L, Buzzetti R. Investigational therapies targeting CD3 for prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1209-1219. [PMID: 34936848 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) have been the focus of intense research over the past few decades; nevertheless, the results of clinical trials have not matched expectations. However, thanks to the recent and promising results on T1D prevention, among all the different immune-intervention tested strategies, clinical evidence on anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) deserve particular attention and in-depth evaluation. AREAS COVERED In this narrative review, we introduce the role of T-cells and their co-receptor CD3 in the pathogenesis of T1D and examine the potential of anti-CD3 mAbs as a treatment for preventing or curing T1D. We discuss pre-clinical studies, phase II/III clinical trials, testing the anti-CD3 mAb teplizumab in subjects at T1D high risk, and testing teplizumab and otelixizumab in T1D recent onset patients. In this work we discuss the current evidence gathered on anti-CD3 therapy to offer insights on the treatment strengths, limitations and unmet needs. EXPERT OPINION Recent phase II clinical trials with teplizumab in recent-onset T1D seem encouraging, but benefits associated with the use of anti-CD3 mAb in recent-onset T1D are still controversial. A better patient selection, based on immunological profiles and specific biomarkers, is crucial to improve clinical outcomes in T1D immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mignogna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Moreira TG, Matos KTF, De Paula GS, Santana TMM, Da Mata RG, Pansera FC, Cortina AS, Spinola MG, Keppeke GD, Jacob J, Palejwala V, Chen K, Izzy S, Healey BC, Rezende RM, Dedivitis RA, Shailubhai K, Weiner HL. Nasal Administration of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody (Foralumab) Reduces Lung Inflammation and Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709861. [PMID: 34475873 PMCID: PMC8406802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune hyperactivity is an important contributing factor to the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody downregulates hyperactive immune responses in animal models of autoimmunity through its immunomodulatory properties. We performed a randomized pilot study of fully-human nasal anti-CD3 (Foralumab) in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 to determine if its immunomodulatory properties had ameliorating effects on disease. Methods Thirty-nine outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 were recruited at Santa Casa de Misericordia de Santos in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Patients were randomized to three cohorts: 1) Control, no Foralumab (n=16); 2) Nasal Foralumab (100ug/day) given for 10 consecutive days with 6 mg dexamethasone given on days 1-3 (n=11); and 3) Nasal Foralumab alone (100ug/day) given for 10 consecutive days (n=12). Patients continued standard of care medication. Results We observed reduction of serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein in Foralumab alone vs. untreated or Foralumab/Dexa treated patients. More rapid clearance of lung infiltrates as measured by chest CT was observed in Foralumab and Foralumab/Dexa treated subjects vs. those that did not receive Foralumab. Foralumab treatment was well-tolerated with no severe adverse events. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that nasal Foralumab is well tolerated and may be of benefit in treatment of immune hyperactivity and lung involvement in COVID-19 disease and that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimble T F Matos
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelle G Spinola
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson D Keppeke
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Jacob
- Tiziana LifeScience, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | | | - Karen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian C Healey
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Charitidis FT, Damlund DSM, Koch J. Psoriasis-like Inflammation Induced in an Air-pouch Mouse Model. In Vivo 2021; 35:1985-1997. [PMID: 34182473 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The pathway of initiation of psoriasis comprises the differentiation and infiltration of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells into the skin, characterized by the production of interleukin 17A and 17F (IL-17A/IL-17F) among other cytokines, resulting in a downstream cascade of events. Due to the lack of simplicity in psoriasis models, we aimed to develop an easily and rapidly inducible mouse model for the IL-23/IL-17 pathway with quick readouts from a straightforward lavaging process and with detectable cytokine levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized the 6-day air-pouch mouse model, injected with a combination of anti-CD3, IL-23 and IL-1β. At 24, 48 and 72 h, intra-pouch secretion of IL-17A, IL-17F and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 were measured. Skin biopsies were collected and immune cell infiltration evaluated, and intra-pouch immune cells were isolated and analyzed. RESULTS The combination of anti-CD3, IL-23 with and without IL-1β significantly increased intra-pouch levels of IL-17A/IL-17F at 24 and 72 h, triggering a downstream production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1. The cytokines were detectable even 72 h post-induction. T-cell receptor beta was down-regulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, indicating intra-pouch T-cell activation. Αnti-CD3 induced CD3+ cell migration into the subcutis and the lining tissue surrounding the cavity of the air pouch, where in the latter, a similar distribution pattern of Il17a mRNA-expressing cells was also observed. However, no Th17 cell differentiation nor changes in IL-17A+ granulocytes were observed. CONCLUSION The induced air-pouch mouse model induced with a cocktail of anti-CD3, IL-23 with or without IL-1β is able to mirror the IL-23/IL-17 axis of psoriasis-like inflammation characterized by immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina S M Damlund
- Department of In Vivo Biology & Safety, LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Janne Koch
- Department of In Vivo Biology & Safety, LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
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Cook DP, Cunha JPMCM, Martens PJ, Sassi G, Mancarella F, Ventriglia G, Sebastiani G, Vanherwegen AS, Atkinson MA, Van Huynegem K, Steidler L, Caluwaerts S, Rottiers P, Teyton L, Dotta F, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Intestinal Delivery of Proinsulin and IL-10 via Lactococcus lactis Combined With Low-Dose Anti-CD3 Restores Tolerance Outside the Window of Acute Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1103. [PMID: 32582188 PMCID: PMC7295939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination treatment (CT) of proinsulin and IL-10 orally delivered via genetically modified Lactococcus lactis bacteria combined with low-dose anti-CD3 (aCD3) therapy successfully restores glucose homeostasis in newly diagnosed non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Tolerance is accompanied by the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pancreas. To test the potential of this therapy outside the window of acute diabetes diagnosis, we substituted autoimmune diabetic mice, with disease duration varying between 4 and 53 days, with syngeneic islets at the time of therapy initiation. Untreated islet recipients consistently showed disease recurrence after 8.2 ± 0.7 days, while 32% of aCD3-treated and 48% of CT-treated mice remained normoglycemic until 6 weeks after therapy initiation (P < 0.001 vs. untreated controls for both treatments, P < 0.05 CT vs. aCD3 therapy). However, mice that were diabetic for more than 2 weeks before treatment initiation were less efficient at maintaining normoglycemia than those treated within 2 weeks of diabetes diagnosis, particularly in the aCD3-treated group. The complete elimination of endogenous beta cell mass with alloxan at the time of diabetes diagnosis pointed toward the significance of continuous feeding of the islet antigen proinsulin at the time of aCD3 therapy for treatment success. The CT providing proinsulin protected 69% of mice, compared to 33% when an irrelevant antigen (ovalbumin) was combined with aCD3 therapy, or to 27% with aCD3 therapy alone. Sustained tolerance was accompanied with a reduction of IGRP+CD8+ autoreactive T cells and an increase in insulin-reactive (InsB12-20 or InsB13-2) Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs, with a specific accumulation of Foxp3+ Tregs around the insulin-containing islet grafts after CT with proinsulin. The combination of proinsulin and IL-10 via oral Lactococcus lactis with low-dose aCD3 therapy can restore tolerance to beta cells in autoimmune diabetic mice, also when therapy is started outside the window of acute diabetes diagnosis, providing persistence of insulin-containing islets or prolonged beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana P Cook
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Paulo Monteiro Carvalho Mori Cunha
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Sassi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Mancarella
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ventriglia
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - An-Sofie Vanherwegen
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Teyton
- The Teyton Lab, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Stock S, Hoffmann JM, Schubert ML, Wang L, Wang S, Gong W, Neuber B, Gern U, Schmitt A, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Schmitt M, Sellner L. Influence of Retronectin-Mediated T-Cell Activation on Expansion and Phenotype of CD19-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1167-1182. [PMID: 30024314 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced in vivo expansion, long-term persistence of chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells, and efficient tumor eradication through these cells are linked to the proportion of less-differentiated cells in the CART cell product. Retronectin is well established as an adjuvant for improved retroviral transduction, while its property to enrich less-differentiated T cells is less known. In order to increase these subsets, this study investigated the effects of retronectin-mediated T-cell activation for CD19-specific CART cell production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients without or with positive selection for CD3+ T cells were transduced with a CD19.CAR.CD28.CD137zeta third-generation retroviral vector. Activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by CD3/CD28, CD3/CD28/retronectin, or CD3/retronectin. Interleukin-7 and -15 were supplemented to all cultures. Retronectin was used in all three activation protocols for retroviral transduction. Expansion was assessed by trypan blue staining. Viability, transduction efficiency, immune phenotype, and cytokine production were longitudinally analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic capacity of generated CART cells was evaluated using a classical chromium-51 release assay. Retronectin-mediated activation resulted in an enrichment of CD8+ cytotoxic CART cells and less-differentiated naïve-like T cells (CD45RA+CCR7+). Retronectin-activated CART cells showed increased cytotoxic activity. However, activation with retronectin decreased viability, expansion, transduction efficiency, and cytokine production, particularly of CLL patient-derived CART cells. Both retronectin-mediated activation protocols promoted a less-differentiated CART cell phenotype without comprising cytotoxic properties of healthy donor-derived CART cells. However, up-front retronectin resulted in reduced viability and expansion in CLL patients. This effect is probably attributed to the retronectin-mediated activation of B cells with prolonged CLL persistence. Consequently, CART cell expansion and generation failed. In summary, activation with retronectin should be performed with caution and may be limited to patients without a higher percentage of tumor cells in the peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Stock
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Hoffmann
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Luisa Schubert
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanmei Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenjie Gong
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gern
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- 1 Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany; and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany .,2 National Center for Tumor Diseases , German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
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Benson RA, Garcon F, Recino A, Ferdinand JR, Clatworthy MR, Waldmann H, Brewer JM, Okkenhaug K, Cooke A, Garside P, Wållberg M. Non-Invasive Multiphoton Imaging of Islets Transplanted Into the Pinna of the NOD Mouse Ear Reveals the Immediate Effect of Anti-CD3 Treatment in Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1006. [PMID: 29867981 PMCID: PMC5968092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel and readily accessible method facilitating cellular time-resolved imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets. Grafting of islets to the mouse ear pinna allows non-invasive, in vivo longitudinal imaging of events in the islets and enables improved acquisition of experimental data and use of fewer experimental animals than is possible using invasive techniques, as the same mouse can be assessed for the presence of islet infiltrating cells before and after immune intervention. We have applied this method to investigating therapeutic protection of beta cells through the well-established use of anti-CD3 injection, and have acquired unprecedented data on the nature and rapidity of the effect on the islet infiltrating T cells. We demonstrate that infusion of anti-CD3 antibody leads to immediate effects on islet infiltrating T cells in islet grafts in the pinna of the ear, and causes them to increase their speed and displacement within 20 min of infusion. This technique overcomes several technical challenges associated with intravital imaging of pancreatic immune responses and facilitates routine study of beta islet cell development, differentiation, and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Benson
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Garcon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Recino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Brewer
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Wållberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hernández-Chirlaque C, Gámez-Belmonte R, Ocón B, Martínez-Moya P, Wirtz S, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase Expression is Needed for the Full Stimulation of T Cells and T Cell-Dependent Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:857-870. [PMID: 28039309 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Two alkaline phosphatase isoforms, intestinal [IAP] and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase [TNAP], are coexpressed in mouse colon, with the latter predominating in colitis. We aimed to examine the role of TNAP in T lymphocytes, using heterozygous TNAP+/- mice [as TNAP-/- mice are non-viable]. METHODS In vitro primary cultures and in vivo T cell models using TNAP+/- mice were used. RESULTS Stimulated splenocytes [lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A] and T lymphocytes [concanavalin A and a-CD3/a-CD28] showed a decreased cytokine production and expression when compared with wild-type [WT] cells. Decreased T cell activation was reproduced by the TNAP inhibitors levamisole, theophylline, and phenylalanine in WT cells. Intraperitoneal administration of anti-CD3 in vivo resulted in reduced plasma cytokine levels, and decreased activation of splenocytes and T cells ex vivo in TNAP+/- mice. We further tested the hypothesis that TNAP expressed in T lymphocytes is involved in T cell activation and inflammation, using the lymphocyte transfer model of colitis. Rag1-/- mice were transferred with T naïve cells [CD4+ CD62L+] from TNAP+/- or WT mice and developed colitis, which was attenuated in the group receiving TNAP+/- cells. Compared with WT, T cells from TNAP+/- mice showed a decreased capacity for proliferation, with no change in differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our results offer clear evidence that TNAP modulates T lymphocyte function and specifically T cell-dependent colitis. This was associated with distinct changes in the type of TNAP expressed, probably because of changes in glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Ocón
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Martínez-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Clinics Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Halota W, Ferenci P, Kozielewicz D, Dybowska D, Lisovoder N, Samira S, Shalit I, Ellis R, Ilan Y. Oral anti-CD3 immunotherapy for HCV-nonresponders is safe, promotes regulatory T cells and decreases viral load and liver enzyme levels: results of a phase-2a placebo-controlled trial. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:651-7. [PMID: 25412903 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Orally administered anti-CD3 antibodies are biologically active in the gut through induction of regulatory T cells, exert an immune-modulatory effect, and alleviate insulin resistance and liver damage in patients with NASH. AIMS To determine the safety of oral anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) immunotherapy in chronic HCV patients with associated immune dysfunction. METHODS Four groups (n = 9) of chronic HCV patients who were nonresponders to interferon plus ribavirin therapy received oral placebo (group A) or anti-CD3 MAb at one of three dosage levels for 30 days. Patients were followed for safety parameters and serum levels of liver enzymes, virus, cytokines and regulatory T cells. RESULTS Oral anti-CD3 immunotherapy was safe and well tolerated; no treatment-related adverse events were noted. The following improvements were noted relative to pretreatment levels: HCV viral load and AST and ALT levels decreased in the low- and high-dose groups following 30 days of therapy. In two of the treated groups, an increase in regulatory T cells (CD4(+) CD25(+) ) was noted. The positive effects were somewhat more apparent in subjects with initially elevated liver enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS Oral anti-CD3 MAb immunotherapy for nonresponder HCV patients was safe and well tolerated. Trends and statistically significant improvements were observed as reductions in viral load and liver enzyme levels, along with an increase in regulatory T-cell levels. These data support a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of HCV infection and suggest that this immunotherapy is worthy of evaluation in combination with HCV antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Halota
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - P Ferenci
- University Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Kozielewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - D Dybowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | | - R Ellis
- NasVax Ltd, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Y Ilan
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dépis F, Hatterer E, Ballet R, Daubeuf B, Cons L, Glatt S, Reith W, Kosco-Vilbois M, Dean Y. Characterization of a surrogate murine antibody to model anti-human CD3 therapies. MAbs 2013; 5:555-64. [PMID: 23751612 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc-modified anti-human CD3ε monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are in clinical development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. These next generation mAbs have completed clinical trials in patients with type-1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease demonstrating a narrow therapeutic window. Lowered doses are ineffective, yet higher pharmacologically-active doses cause an undesirable level of adverse events. Thus, there is a critical need for a return to bench research to explore ways of improving clinical outcomes. Indeed, we recently reported that a short course of treatment affords synergy, providing long-term disease amelioration when combining anti-mouse CD3 and anti-mouse tumor necrosis factor mAbs in experimental arthritis. Such strategies may widen the window between risk and benefit; however, to more accurately assess experimentally the biology and pharmacology, reagents that mimic the current development candidates were required. Consequently, we engineered an Fc-modified anti-mouse CD3ε mAb, 2C11-Novi. Here, we report the functional characterization of 2C11-Novi demonstrating that it does not bind FcγR in vitro and elicits little cytokine release in vivo, while maintaining classical pharmacodynamic effects (CD3-TCR downregulation and T cell killing). Furthermore, we observed that oral administration of 2C11-Novi ameliorated progression of remitting-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalitis in mice, significantly reducing the primary acute and subsequent relapse phase of the disease. With innovative approaches validated in two experimental models of human disease, 2C11-Novi represents a meaningful tool to conduct further mechanistic studies aiming at exploiting the immunoregulatory properties of Fc-modified anti-CD3 therapies via combination therapy using parenteral or oral routes of administration.
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Filippi CM, von Herrath MG. Strategies to treat autoimmune diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2007; 2:185-194. [PMID: 30754177 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islets, leading to deficiency in glucose uptake by the cells of the body. The resulting complications and mortality call into attention the need for therapeutic strategies to treat this disease. While general immunosuppressive treatment and antigen-based therapy have both proven effective in aborting the autoimmune attack on β cells, cellular therapy and synergistic combination of agents probably represent the most promising approaches for efficient targeting of autoreactive cells. The underlying challenge is fine tuning of immune therapy to avoid harmful side effects on the immune system or other host-defense functions. This should be rendered possible by identifying the optimal regimen and underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe M Filippi
- a La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Division of Immune Regulation DI-3, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Matthias G von Herrath
- b La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Division of Immune Regulation DI-3, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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