1
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Cox LM, Tatematsu BK, Guo L, LeServe DS, Mayrink J, Oliveira MG, Donnelly D, Fonseca RC, Lemos L, Lanser TB, Rosa AC, Lopes JR, Schwerdtfeger LA, Ribeiro GFC, Lobo ELC, Moreira TG, Oliveira AG, Weiner HL, Rezende RM. Gamma-delta T cells suppress microbial metabolites that activate striatal neurons and induce repetitive/compulsive behavior in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:242-254. [PMID: 38281671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal γδ T cells play an important role in shaping the gut microbiota, which is critical not only for maintaining intestinal homeostasis but also for controlling brain function and behavior. Here, we found that mice deficient for γδ T cells (γδ-/-) developed an abnormal pattern of repetitive/compulsive (R/C) behavior, which was dependent on the gut microbiota. Colonization of WT mice with γδ-/- microbiota induced R/C behavior whereas colonization of γδ-/- mice with WT microbiota abolished the R/C behavior. Moreover, γδ-/- mice had elevated levels of the microbial metabolite 3-phenylpropanoic acid in their cecum, which is a precursor to hippurate (HIP), a metabolite we found to be elevated in the CSF. HIP reaches the striatum and activates dopamine type 1 (D1R)-expressing neurons, leading to R/C behavior. Altogether, these data suggest that intestinal γδ T cells shape the gut microbiota and their metabolites and prevent dysfunctions of the striatum associated with behavior modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle S LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Mayrink
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marilia G Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dustin Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roberta C Fonseca
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Lemos
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toby B Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana C Rosa
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke A Schwerdtfeger
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela F C Ribeiro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eduardo L C Lobo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andre G Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Biologic Institutes of Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Bernstock JD, Chalif JI, Yahya T, Rezende RM, Weiner HL, Izzy S. Elucidating the neuroimmunology of traumatic brain injury: methodological approaches to unravel intercellular communication and function. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1322325. [PMID: 38162004 PMCID: PMC10756680 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1322325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmunology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has recently gained recognition as a crucial element in the secondary pathophysiological consequences that occur following neurotrauma. Both immune cells residing within the central nervous system (CNS) and those migrating from the periphery play significant roles in the development of secondary brain injury. However, the precise mechanisms governing communication between innate and adaptive immune cells remain incompletely understood, partly due to a limited utilization of relevant experimental models and techniques. Therefore, in this discussion, we outline current methodologies that can aid in the exploration of TBI neuroimmunology, with a particular emphasis on the interactions between resident neuroglial cells and recruited lymphocytes. These techniques encompass adoptive cell transfer, intra-CNS injection(s), selective cellular depletion, genetic manipulation, molecular neuroimaging, as well as in vitro co-culture systems and the utilization of organoid models. By incorporating key elements of both innate and adaptive immunity, these methods facilitate the examination of clinically relevant interactions. In addition to these preclinical approaches, we also detail an emerging avenue of research that seeks to leverage human biofluids. This approach enables the investigation of how resident and infiltrating immune cells modulate neuroglial responses after TBI. Considering the growing significance of neuroinflammation in TBI, the introduction and application of advanced methodologies will be pivotal in advancing translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Joshua I. Chalif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Taha Yahya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Brüggemann TR, Peh HY, Tavares LP, Nijmeh J, Shay AE, Rezende RM, Lanser TB, Serhan CN, Levy BD. Eosinophil Phenotypes Are Functionally Regulated by Resolvin D2 during Allergic Lung Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:666-677. [PMID: 37552821 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) reside in multiple organs during homeostasis and respond rapidly to an inflammatory challenge. Although Eos share chemical staining properties, they also demonstrate phenotypic and functional plasticity that is not fully understood. Here, we used a murine model of allergic lung inflammation to characterize Eos subsets and determine their spatiotemporal and functional regulation during inflammation and its resolution in response to resolvin D2 (RvD2), a potent specialized proresolving mediator. Two Eos subsets were identified by CD101 expression with distinct anatomic localization and transcriptional signatures at baseline and during inflammation. CD101low Eos were predominantly located in a lung vascular niche and responded to allergen challenge by moving into the lung interstitium. CD101high Eos were predominantly located in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and extravascular lung, only present during inflammation, and had transcriptional evidence for cell activation. RvD2 reduced total Eos numbers and changed their phenotype and activation by at least two distinct mechanisms: decreasing interleukin 5-dependent recruitment of CD101low Eos and decreasing conversion of CD101low Eos to CD101high Eos. Collectively, these findings indicate that Eos are a heterogeneous pool of cells with distinct activation states and spatiotemporal regulation during resolution of inflammation and that RvD2 is a potent proresolving mediator for Eos recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toby B Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
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4
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Lopes JR, Zhang X, Mayrink J, Tatematsu BK, Guo L, LeServe DS, Abou-El-Hassan H, Rong F, Dalton MJ, Oliveira MG, Lanser TB, Liu L, Butovsky O, Rezende RM, Weiner HL. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorates disease in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309221120. [PMID: 37669383 PMCID: PMC10500187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309221120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neuroinflammation, particularly that orchestrated by microglia, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Danger signals including dead neurons, dystrophic axons, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid plaques alter the functional phenotype of microglia from a homeostatic (M0) to a neurodegenerative or disease-associated phenotype, which in turn drives neuroinflammation and promotes disease. Thus, therapies that target microglia activation constitute a unique approach for treating AD. Here, we report that nasally administered anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the 3xTg AD mouse model reduced microglial activation and improved cognition independent of amyloid beta deposition. In addition, gene expression analysis demonstrated decreased oxidative stress, increased axogenesis and synaptic organization, and metabolic changes in the hippocampus and cortex of nasal anti-CD3 treated animals. The beneficial effect of nasal anti-CD3 was associated with the accumulation of T cells in the brain where they were in close contact with microglial cells. Taken together, our findings identify nasal anti-CD3 as a unique form of immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's disease independent of amyloid beta targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Julia Mayrink
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Bruna K. Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Danielle S. LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Felipe Rong
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Maria J. Dalton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Marilia G. Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Toby B. Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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5
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Rezende RM, Izzy S, Gabriely G, Yahya T, Tatematsu BK, Habashy KJ, Lopes JR, de Oliveira GLV, Maghzi AH, Yin Z, Cox LM, Krishnan R, Butovsky O, Weiner HL. Vγ1 and Vγ4 gamma-delta T cells play opposing roles in the immunopathology of traumatic brain injury in males. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4286. [PMID: 37463881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells have been shown to affect brain immunopathology in multiple different conditions, however, their role in acute and chronic TBI is largely unknown. Here, we show that γδ T cells affect the pathophysiology of TBI as early as one day and up to one year following injury in a mouse model. TCRδ-/- mice are characterized by reduced inflammation in acute TBI and improved neurocognitive functions in chronic TBI. We find that the Vγ1 and Vγ4 γδ T cell subsets play opposing roles in TBI. Vγ4 γδ T cells infiltrate the brain and secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 that activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Vγ1 γδ T cells, however, secrete TGF-β that maintains microglial homeostasis and dampens TBI upon infiltrating the brain. These findings provide new insights on the role of different γδ T cell subsets after brain injury and lay down the principles for the development of targeted γδ T-cell-based therapy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taha Yahya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl J Habashy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gislane L V de Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir-Hadi Maghzi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Rezende RM, Cox LM, Moreira TG, Liu S, Boulenouar S, Dhang F, LeServe DS, Nakagaki BN, Lopes JR, Tatematsu BK, Lemos L, Mayrink J, Lobo ELC, Guo L, Oliveira MG, Kuhn C, Weiner HL. Gamma-delta T cells modulate the microbiota and fecal micro-RNAs to maintain mucosal tolerance. Microbiome 2023; 11:32. [PMID: 36814316 PMCID: PMC9948450 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a major cell population in the intestinal mucosa and are key mediators of mucosal tolerance and microbiota composition. Little is known about the mechanisms by which intestinal γδ T cells interact with the gut microbiota to maintain tolerance. RESULTS We found that antibiotic treatment impaired oral tolerance and depleted intestinal γδ T cells, suggesting that the gut microbiota is necessary to maintain γδ T cells. We also found that mice deficient for γδ T cells (γδ-/-) had an altered microbiota composition that led to small intestine (SI) immune dysregulation and impaired tolerance. Accordingly, colonizing WT mice with γδ-/- microbiota resulted in SI immune dysregulation and loss of tolerance whereas colonizing γδ-/- mice with WT microbiota normalized mucosal immune responses and restored mucosal tolerance. Moreover, we found that SI γδ T cells shaped the gut microbiota and regulated intestinal homeostasis by secreting the fecal micro-RNA let-7f. Importantly, oral administration of let-7f to γδ-/- mice rescued mucosal tolerance by promoting the growth of the γδ-/--microbiota-depleted microbe Ruminococcus gnavus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate that γδ T cell-selected microbiota is necessary and sufficient to promote mucosal tolerance, is mediated in part by γδ T cell secretion of fecal micro-RNAs, and is mechanistically linked to restoration of mucosal immune responses. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Selma Boulenouar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fyonn Dhang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danielle S LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brenda N Nakagaki
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Lemos
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia Mayrink
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eduardo L C Lobo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marilia G Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chantal Kuhn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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7
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Filardy AA, Ferreira JRM, Rezende RM, Kelsall BL, Oliveira RP. The intestinal microenvironment shapes macrophage and dendritic cell identity and function. Immunol Lett 2023; 253:41-53. [PMID: 36623708 PMCID: PMC9907447 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gut comprises the largest body interface with the environment and is continuously exposed to nutrients, food antigens, and commensal microbes, as well as to harmful pathogens. Subsets of both macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are present throughout the intestinal tract, where they primarily inhabit the gut-associate lymphoid tissue (GALT), such as Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles. In addition to their role in taking up and presenting antigens, macrophages and DCs possess extensive functional plasticity and these cells play complementary roles in maintaining immune homeostasis in the gut by preventing aberrant immune responses to harmless antigens and microbes and by promoting host defense against pathogens. The ability of macrophages and DCs to induce either inflammation or tolerance is partially lineage imprinted, but can also be dictated by their activation state, which in turn is determined by their specific microenvironment. These cells express several surface and intracellular receptors that detect danger signals, nutrients, and hormones, which can affect their activation state. DCs and macrophages play a fundamental role in regulating T cells and their effector functions. Thus, modulation of intestinal mucosa immunity by targeting antigen presenting cells can provide a promising approach for controlling pathological inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview on the characteristics, functions, and origins of intestinal macrophages and DCs, highlighting the intestinal microenvironmental factors that influence their functions during homeostasis. Unraveling the mechanisms by which macrophages and DCs regulate intestinal immunity will deepen our understanding on how the immune system integrates endogenous and exogenous signals in order to maintain the host's homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A Filardy
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jesuino R M Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, USA
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8
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P. Tavares L, Brüggemann TR, M. Rezende R, G. Machado M, Cagnina RE, Shay AE, C. Garcia C, Nijmeh J, M. Teixeira M, Levy BD. Cysteinyl Maresins Reprogram Macrophages to Protect Mice from Streptococcus pneumoniae after Influenza A Virus Infection. mBio 2022; 13:e0126722. [PMID: 35913160 PMCID: PMC9426576 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01267-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Excess mortality during IAV epidemics and pandemics is attributable to secondary bacterial infections, particularly pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Resident alveolar macrophages (rAMs) are early responders to respiratory infections that coordinate initial host defense responses. Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTRs) are recently elucidated cysteinyl maresins that are produced by and act on macrophages. Roles for MCTRs in responses to respiratory infections remain to be determined. Here, IAV infection led to transient decreases in rAM numbers. Repopulated lung macrophages displayed transcriptional alterations 21 days post-IAV with prolonged susceptibility to secondary pneumococcal infection. Administration of a mix of MCTR1 to 3 or MCTR3 alone post-IAV decreased lung inflammation and bacterial load 48 and 72 h after secondary pneumococcal infection. MCTR-exposed rAMs had increased migration and phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, reduced secretion of CXCL1, and a reversion toward baseline levels of several IAV-induced pneumonia susceptibility genes. Together, MCTRs counter regulated post-IAV changes in rAMs to promote a rapid return of bacteria host defense. IMPORTANCE Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a serious and common complication of IAV infection, leading to excess morbidity and mortality. New host-directed approaches are needed to complement antibiotics to better address this important global infectious disease. Here, we show that harnessing endogenous resolution mechanisms for inflammation by exogenous administration of a family of specialized proresolving mediators (i.e., cys-MCTRs) increased macrophage resilience mechanisms after IAV to protect against secondary infection from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thayse R. Brüggemann
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina G. Machado
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R. Elaine Cagnina
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley E. Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristiana C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Abstract
Oral tolerance (OT) has classically been defined as the specific suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune responses to an antigen by prior administration of the antigen through the oral route. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induction of OT including T cell clonal depletion and anergy when high doses of antigens are fed, and regulatory T (Treg) cell generation following oral administration of low and repeated doses of antigens. Oral antigen administration suppresses the immune response in several animal models of autoimmune disease, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, uveitis, thyroiditis, myasthenia, arthritis and diabetes, but also non-autoimmune inflammatory conditions such as asthma, atherosclerosis, graft rejection, allergy and stroke. However, human trials have given mixed results and a great deal remains to be learned about the mechanisms of OT before it can be successfully applied to people. One of the possible mechanisms relates to the gut microbiota and in this review, we will explore the cellular components involved in the induction of OT and the role of the gut microbiota in contributing to OT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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10
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Moreira TG, Matos KTF, De Paula GS, Santana TMM, Da Mata RG, Pansera FC, Cortina AS, Spinola MG, Baecher-Allan CM, Keppeke GD, Jacob J, Palejwala V, Chen K, Izzy S, Healey BC, Rezende RM, Dedivitis RA, Shailubhai K, Weiner HL. Corrigendum: Nasal Administration of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody (Foralumab) Reduces Lung Inflammation and Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2022; 12:815812. [PMID: 35095916 PMCID: PMC8790742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.815812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimble T F Matos
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelle G Spinola
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clare M Baecher-Allan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerson D Keppeke
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Jacob
- Tiziana LifeScience, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | | | - Karen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian C Healey
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Gabriely G, Ma D, Siddiqui S, Sun L, Skillin NP, Abou-El-Hassan H, Moreira TG, Donnelly D, da Cunha AP, Fujiwara M, Walton LR, Patel A, Krishnan R, Levine SS, Healy BC, Rezende RM, Murugaiyan G, Weiner HL. Myeloid cell subsets that express latency-associated peptide promote cancer growth by modulating T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103347. [PMID: 34820606 PMCID: PMC8602030 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid suppressor cells promote tumor growth by a variety of mechanisms which are not fully characterized. We identified myeloid cells (MCs) expressing the latency-associated peptide (LAP) of TGF-β on their surface and LAPHi MCs that stimulate Foxp3+ Tregs while inhibiting effector T cell proliferation and function. Blocking TGF-β inhibits the tolerogenic ability of LAPHi MCs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of LAPHi MCs promotes Treg accumulation and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, anti-LAP antibody, which reduces LAPHi MCs, slows cancer progression. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis on tumor-derived immune cells revealed LAPHi dominated cell subsets with distinct immunosuppressive signatures, including those with high levels of MHCII and PD-L1 genes. Analogous to mice, LAP is expressed on myeloid suppressor cells in humans, and these cells are increased in glioma patients. Thus, our results identify a previously unknown function by which LAPHi MCs promote tumor growth and offer therapeutic intervention to target these cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Jounce Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duanduan Ma
- MIT Biomicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shafiuddin Siddiqui
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Linqing Sun
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathaniel P. Skillin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thais G. Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dustin Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andre P. da Cunha
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Jounce Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lena R. Walton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Novartis Institute of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amee Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Novartis Institute of BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart S. Levine
- MIT Biomicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Charlie-Silva I, Araújo APC, Guimarães ATB, Veras FP, Braz HLB, de Pontes LG, Jorge RJB, Belo MAA, Fernandes BHV, Nóbrega RH, Galdino G, Condino-Neto A, Galindo-Villegas J, Machado-Santelli GM, Sanches PRS, Rezende RM, Cilli EM, Malafaia G. Toxicological insights of Spike fragments SARS-CoV-2 by exposure environment: A threat to aquatic health? J Hazard Mater 2021; 419:126463. [PMID: 34216962 PMCID: PMC8226002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Spike protein (S protein) is a critical component in the infection of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this work was to evaluate whether peptides from S protein could cause negative impact in the aquatic animals. The aquatic toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein peptides derivatives has been evaluated in tadpoles (n = 50 tadpoles/5 replicates of 10 animals) from species Physalaemus cuvieri (Leptodactylidae). After synthesis, purification, and characterization of peptides (PSDP2001, PSDP2002, PSDP2003) an aquatic contamination has been simulated with these peptides during 24 h of exposure in two concentrations (100 and 500 ng/mL). The control group ("C") was composed of tadpoles kept in polyethylene containers containing de-chlorinated water. Oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers and AChE activity were assessed. In both concentrations, PSPD2002 and PSPD2003 increased catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidants enzymes activities, as well as oxidative stress (nitrite levels, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species). All three peptides also increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the highest concentration. These peptides showed molecular interactions in silico with acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes. Aquatic particle contamination of SARS-CoV-2 has cholinesterasic effect in P. cuvieri tadpoles. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 can constitute environmental impact or biological damage potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda P C Araújo
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urata Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Abraão T B Guimarães
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urata Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Flávio P Veras
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helyson L B Braz
- Postgraduate Program in Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Delmiro de Farias St., 60.430-170 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Letícia G de Pontes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta J B Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1127, 60.430-275 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo St., 1000, 60.430-275 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marco A A Belo
- Laboratory of Animal Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brazil University, Descalvado, SP, Brazil; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca H V Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, United States
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urata Campus, GO, Brazil.
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13
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Moreira TG, Matos KTF, De Paula GS, Santana TMM, Da Mata RG, Pansera FC, Cortina AS, Spinola MG, Keppeke GD, Jacob J, Palejwala V, Chen K, Izzy S, Healey BC, Rezende RM, Dedivitis RA, Shailubhai K, Weiner HL. Nasal Administration of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody (Foralumab) Reduces Lung Inflammation and Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709861. [PMID: 34475873 PMCID: PMC8406802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune hyperactivity is an important contributing factor to the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody downregulates hyperactive immune responses in animal models of autoimmunity through its immunomodulatory properties. We performed a randomized pilot study of fully-human nasal anti-CD3 (Foralumab) in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 to determine if its immunomodulatory properties had ameliorating effects on disease. Methods Thirty-nine outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 were recruited at Santa Casa de Misericordia de Santos in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Patients were randomized to three cohorts: 1) Control, no Foralumab (n=16); 2) Nasal Foralumab (100ug/day) given for 10 consecutive days with 6 mg dexamethasone given on days 1-3 (n=11); and 3) Nasal Foralumab alone (100ug/day) given for 10 consecutive days (n=12). Patients continued standard of care medication. Results We observed reduction of serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein in Foralumab alone vs. untreated or Foralumab/Dexa treated patients. More rapid clearance of lung infiltrates as measured by chest CT was observed in Foralumab and Foralumab/Dexa treated subjects vs. those that did not receive Foralumab. Foralumab treatment was well-tolerated with no severe adverse events. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that nasal Foralumab is well tolerated and may be of benefit in treatment of immune hyperactivity and lung involvement in COVID-19 disease and that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimble T F Matos
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelle G Spinola
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson D Keppeke
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Jacob
- Tiziana LifeScience, Doylestown, PA, United States
| | | | - Karen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian C Healey
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Moreira TG, Mangani D, Cox LM, Leibowitz J, Lobo ELC, Oliveira MA, Gauthier CD, Nakagaki BN, Willocq V, Song A, Guo L, Lima DCA, Murugaiyan G, Butovsky O, Gabriely G, Anderson AC, Rezende RM, Faria AMC, Weiner HL. PD-L1 + and XCR1 + dendritic cells are region-specific regulators of gut homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4907. [PMID: 34389726 PMCID: PMC8363668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa constitutes an environment of closely regulated immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) interact with the gut microbiome and antigens and are important in maintaining gut homeostasis. Here, we investigate DC transcriptome, phenotype and function in five anatomical locations of the gut lamina propria (LP) which constitute different antigenic environments. We show that DC from distinct gut LP compartments induce distinct T cell differentiation and cytokine secretion. We also find that PD-L1+ DC in the duodenal LP and XCR1+ DC in the colonic LP comprise distinct tolerogenic DC subsets that are crucial for gut homeostasis. Mice lacking PD-L1+ and XCR1+ DC have a proinflammatory gut milieu associated with an increase in Th1/Th17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells and have exacerbated disease in the models of 5-FU-induced mucositis and DSS-induced colitis. Our findings identify PD-L1+ and XCR1+ DC as region-specific physiologic regulators of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais G Moreira
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Davide Mangani
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Leibowitz
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo L C Lobo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariana A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian D Gauthier
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda N Nakagaki
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Willocq
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anya Song
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Guo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Maria C Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Liu S, Rezende RM, Moreira TG, Tankou SK, Cox LM, Wu M, Song A, Dhang FH, Wei Z, Costamagna G, Weiner HL. Oral Administration of miR-30d from Feces of MS Patients Suppresses MS-like Symptoms in Mice by Expanding Akkermansia muciniphila. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:779-794.e8. [PMID: 31784260 PMCID: PMC6948921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fecal transfer from healthy donors is being explored as a microbiome modality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to affect the microbiome. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been shown to have an altered gut microbiome. Here, we unexpectedly found that transfer of feces harvested at peak disease from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS ameliorates disease in recipients in a miRNA-dependent manner. Specifically, we show that miR-30d is enriched in the feces of peak EAE and untreated MS patients. Synthetic miR-30d given orally ameliorates EAE through expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistically, miR-30d regulates the expression of a lactase in Akkermansia muciniphila, which increases Akkermansia abundance in the gut. The expanded Akkermansia in turn increases Tregs to suppress EAE symptoms. Our findings report the mechanistic underpinnings of a miRNA-microbiome axis and suggest that the feces of diseased subjects might be enriched with miRNAs with therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie K Tankou
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anya Song
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fyonn H Dhang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gianluca Costamagna
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Rezende RM, Nakagaki BN, Moreira TG, Lopes JR, Kuhn C, Tatematsu BK, Boulenouar S, Maghzi AH, Rubino S, Menezes GB, Chitnis T, Weiner HL. γδ T Cell-Secreted XCL1 Mediates Anti-CD3-Induced Oral Tolerance. J Immunol 2019; 203:2621-2629. [PMID: 31578268 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral tolerance is defined as the specific suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune responses to an Ag by prior administration of the Ag through the oral route. Although the investigation of oral tolerance has classically involved Ag feeding, we have found that oral administration of anti-CD3 mAb induced tolerance through regulatory T (Treg) cell generation. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unknown. In this study, we show that conventional but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) are required for anti-CD3-induced oral tolerance. Moreover, oral anti-CD3 promotes XCL1 secretion by small intestine lamina propria γδ T cells that, in turn, induces tolerogenic XCR1+ DC migration to the mesenteric lymph node, where Treg cells are induced and oral tolerance is established. Consistent with this, TCRδ-/- mice did not develop oral tolerance upon oral administration of anti-CD3. However, XCL1 was not required for oral tolerance induced by fed Ags, indicating that a different mechanism underlies this effect. Accordingly, oral administration of anti-CD3 enhanced oral tolerance induced by fed MOG35-55 peptide, resulting in less severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which was associated with decreased inflammatory immune cell infiltration in the CNS and increased Treg cells in the spleen. Thus, Treg cell induction by oral anti-CD3 is a consequence of the cross-talk between γδ T cells and tolerogenic DCs in the gut. Furthermore, anti-CD3 may serve as an adjuvant to enhance oral tolerance to fed Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Brenda N Nakagaki
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Chantal Kuhn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Selma Boulenouar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Amir-Hadi Maghzi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
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17
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Abstract
Oral tolerance can be defined as an inhibition of specific immune responsiveness to subsequent parenteral injections of proteins to which an individual or animal has been previously exposed via the oral route. Multiple mechanisms of tolerance are induced by oral-fed antigens, but induction of regulatory CD4 T-cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 and the membrane-bound TGF-β stands out as the major players in oral tolerance. Oral antigen administration suppresses several animal models of autoimmune disease, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, uveitis, thyroiditis, myasthenia, arthritis, and diabetes, but also nonautoimmune inflammatory conditions such as asthma, atherosclerosis, graft rejection, allergy, and stroke. However, human trials have produced mixed results, and a great deal remains to be learned about the mechanisms of oral tolerance before it can be successfully applied to people. In this review, we highlight the cellular components involved in oral tolerance induction. A deep knowledge of these intricate cell interactions will pave the way for a successful application of antigen tolerance to treat autoimmune and nonautoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Rezende RM, Lopes ME, Menezes GB, Weiner HL. Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31449231 DOI: 10.3791/59335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are organs spread within the body, where the innate immune responses can connect with the adaptive immunity. In fact, LNs are strategically interposed in the path of the lymphatic vessels, allowing intimate contact of tissue antigens with all resident immune cells in the LN. Thus, understanding the cellular composition, distribution, location and interaction using ex vivo whole LN imaging will add to the knowledge on how the body coordinates local and systemic immune responses. This protocol shows an ex vivo imaging strategy following an in vivo administration of fluorescent-labeled antibodies that allows a very reproducible and easy-to-perform methodology by using conventional confocal microscopes and stock reagents. Through subcutaneous injection of antibodies, it is possible to label different cell populations in draining LNs without affecting tissue structures that can be potentially damaged by a conventional immunofluorescence microscopy technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School;
| | - Mateus E Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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19
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Moreira TG, Horta LS, Gomes-Santos AC, Oliveira RP, Queiroz NMGP, Mangani D, Daniel B, Vieira AT, Liu S, Rodrigues AM, Gomes DA, Gabriely G, Ferreira E, Weiner HL, Rezende RM, Nagy L, Faria AMC. CLA-supplemented diet accelerates experimental colorectal cancer by inducing TGF-β-producing macrophages and T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:188-199. [PMID: 30279515 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to activate the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ and modulate metabolic and immune functions. Despite the worldwide use of CLA dietary supplementation, strong scientific evidence for its proposed beneficial actions are missing. We found that CLA-supplemented diet reduced mucosal damage and inflammatory infiltrate in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. Conditional deletion of PPAR-γ in macrophages from mice supplemented with CLA diet resulted in loss of this protective effect of CLA, suggesting a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism mediated by macrophages. However, CLA supplementation significantly worsened colorectal tumor formation induced by azoxymethane and DSS by inducing macrophage and T-cell-producing TGF-β via PPAR-γ activation. Accordingly, either macrophage-specific deletion of PPAR-γ or in vivo neutralization of latency-associated peptide (LAP, a membrane-bound TGF-β)-expressing cells abrogated the protumorigenic effect of CLA. Thus, the anti-inflammatory properties of CLA are associated with prevention of colitis but also with development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Moreira
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - L S Horta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A C Gomes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R P Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - N M G P Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D Mangani
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - A T Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - S Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D A Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - G Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - H L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Nagy
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - A M C Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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20
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Nakagaki BN, Freitas-Lopes MA, Carvalho É, Carvalho-Gontijo R, Castro-Oliveira HM, Rezende RM, Cara DC, Santos MM, Lopes RP, David BA, Menezes GB. Generation of a triple-fluorescent mouse strain allows a dynamic and spatial visualization of different liver phagocytes in vivo. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 91:e20170317. [PMID: 29044327 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident and circulating immune cells have been extensively studied due to their almost ubiquitous role in cell biology. Despite their classification under the "immune cell department", it is becoming increasingly clear that these cells are involved in many different non-immune related phenomena, including fetus development, vascular formation, memory, social behavior and many other phenotypes. There is a huge potential in combining high-throughput assays - including flow cytometry and gene analysis - with in vivo imaging. This can improve our knowledge in both basic and clinical cell biology, and accessing the expression of markers that are relevant in the context of both homeostasis and disease conditions might be instrumental. Here we describe how we generated a novel mouse strain that spontaneously express three different fluorescence markers under control of well-studied receptors (CX3CR1, CCR2 and CD11c) that are involved in a plethora of stages of cell ontogenesis, maturation, migration and behavior. Also, we assess the percentage of the expression and co-expression of each marker under homeostasis conditions, and how these cells behave when a local inflammation is induced in the liver applying a cutting-edge technology to image cells by confocal intravital microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda N Nakagaki
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria A Freitas-Lopes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érika Carvalho
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho-Gontijo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hortência M Castro-Oliveira
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, 02115, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Denise C Cara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pestana Lopes
- BD Biosciences, Rua Alexandre Dumas, 1976, Chácara Santo Antônio, 04717-040 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna A David
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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21
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Lanser AJ, Rezende RM, Rubino S, Lorello PJ, Donnelly DJ, Xu H, Lau LA, Dulla CG, Caldarone BJ, Robson SC, Weiner HL. Disruption of the ATP/adenosine balance in CD39 -/- mice is associated with handling-induced seizures. Immunology 2017; 152:589-601. [PMID: 28742222 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are due to excessive, synchronous neuronal firing in the brain and are characteristic of epilepsy, the fourth most prevalent neurological disease. We report handling-induced and spontaneous seizures in mice deficient for CD39, a cell-surface ATPase highly expressed on microglial cells. CD39-/- mice with handling-induced seizures had normal input-output curves and paired-pulse ratio measured from hippocampal slices and lacked microgliosis, astrogliosis or overt cell loss in the hippocampus and cortex. As expected, however, the cerebrospinal fluid of CD39-/- mice contained increased levels of ATP and decreased levels of adenosine. To determine if immune activation was involved in seizure progression, we challenged mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and measured the effect on microglia activation and seizure severity. Systemic LPS challenge resulted in increased cortical staining of Iba1/CD68 and gene array data from purified microglia predicted increased expression of interleukin-8, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, p38, pattern recognition receptors, death receptor, nuclear factor-κB , complement, acute phase, and interleukin-6 signalling pathways in CD39-/- versus CD39+/+ mice. However, LPS treatment did not affect handling-induced seizures. In addition, microglia-specific CD39 deletion in adult mice was not sufficient to cause seizures, suggesting instead that altered expression of CD39 during development or on non-microglial cells such as vascular endothelial cells may promote the seizure phenotype. In summary, we show a correlation between altered extracellular ATP/adenosine ratio and a previously unreported seizure phenotype in CD39-/- mice. This work provides groundwork for further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Lorello
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dustin J Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A Lau
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Gabriely G, da Cunha AP, Rezende RM, Kenyon B, Madi A, Vandeventer T, Skillin N, Rubino S, Garo L, Mazzola MA, Kolypetri P, Lanser AJ, Moreira T, Faria AMC, Lassmann H, Kuchroo V, Murugaiyan G, Weiner HL. Targeting latency-associated peptide promotes antitumor immunity. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/11/eaaj1738. [PMID: 28763794 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaj1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote cancer by suppressing antitumor immune responses. We found that anti-LAP antibody, which targets the latency-associated peptide (LAP)/transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) complex on Tregs and other cells, enhances antitumor immune responses and reduces tumor growth in models of melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, and glioblastoma. Anti-LAP decreases LAP+ Tregs, tolerogenic dendritic cells, and TGF-β secretion and is associated with CD8+ T cell activation. Anti-LAP increases infiltration of tumors by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and reduces CD103+ CD8 T cells in draining lymph nodes and the spleen. We identified a role for CD103+ CD8 T cells in cancer. Tumor-associated CD103+ CD8 T cells have a tolerogenic phenotype with increased expression of CTLA-4 and interleukin-10 and decreased expression of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and granzymes. Adoptive transfer of CD103+ CD8 T cells promotes tumor growth, whereas CD103 blockade limits tumorigenesis. Thus, anti-LAP targets multiple immunoregulatory pathways and represents a potential approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andre P da Cunha
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asaf Madi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tyler Vandeventer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel Skillin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucien Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria A Mazzola
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Panagiota Kolypetri
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda J Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thais Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria C Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Vijay Kuchroo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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23
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24
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David BA, Rubino S, Moreira TG, Freitas-Lopes MA, Araújo AM, Paul NE, Rezende RM, Menezes GB. Isolation and high-dimensional phenotyping of gastrointestinal immune cells. Immunology 2017; 151:56-70. [PMID: 28039862 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal immune system plays a pivotal role in the host relationship with food antigens, the homeostatic microbiome and enteric pathogens. Here, we describe how to collect and process liver and intestinal samples to efficiently isolate and analyse resident immune cells. Furthermore, we describe a step-by-step methodology showing how to high-dimensionally immunophenotype resident leucocytes using cytometry by time-of-flight, providing a well-characterized antibody platform that allows the identification of every leucocyte subset simultaneously. This protocol also includes instructions to purify and cultivate primary murine hepatocytes, a powerful tool to assess basic cell biology and toxicology assays. Gut and liver samples from the same mouse can be collected, processed and stained in less than 6 hr. This protocol enables the recovery of several populations of purified and viable immune cells from solid and fibrous organs, preventing unwanted loss of adherent cells during isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna A David
- Departamento de Morfologia, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Alice Freitas-Lopes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan M Araújo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nicole E Paul
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kuhn C, Rezende RM, da Cunha AP, Valette F, Quintana FJ, Chatenoud L, Weiner HL. Mucosal administration of CD3-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits diabetes in NOD mice and in a preclinical mouse model transgenic for the CD3 epsilon chain. J Autoimmun 2017; 76:115-122. [PMID: 27745778 PMCID: PMC9815832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CD3-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) treats autoimmune disease in animal models and has shown promise in clinical trials of type 1 diabetes. Whereas intravenous administration of CD3-specific mAb acts primarily by transient depletion of activated effector T cells, oral CD3-specific mAb acts primarily by the induction Tregs. We investigated whether oral CD3-specific mAb inhibits disease in non obese diabetic (NOD) mice that spontaneously develop autoimmune diabetes, closely resembling human type 1 diabetes. We found that oral CD3-specific mAb treatment delayed onset and reduced incidence of diabetes in NOD mice, inducing changes in both effector and regulatory T cell compartments. The therapeutic effect was associated with decreased T cell proliferation, decreased IFNγ and IL-17 production, and increased TGF-β and IL-10 production in vitro. In vivo transfer experiments demonstrated that oral CD3-specific mAb decreased diabetogenicity of effector T cells and increased the function of regulatory T cells. Oral OKT3, a monoclonal antibody specific for human CD3 had equivalent effects in transgenic NOD mice expressing the human CD3 epsilon chain which serves as a preclinical model for testing human CD3-specific mAb. These results suggest that oral CD3-specific mAb has the potential for treating autoimmune diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Kuhn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andre Pires da Cunha
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fabrice Valette
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - Francisco J. Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France,INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Liu S, da Cunha AP, Rezende RM, Cialic R, Wei Z, Bry L, Comstock LE, Gandhi R, Weiner HL. The Host Shapes the Gut Microbiota via Fecal MicroRNA. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:32-43. [PMID: 26764595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The host gut microbiota varies across species and individuals but is relatively stable over time within an individual. How the host selectively shapes the microbiota is largely unclear. Here, we show that fecal microRNA (miRNA)-mediated inter-species gene regulation facilitates host control of the gut microbiota. miRNAs are abundant in mouse and human fecal samples and present within extracellular vesicles. Cell-specific loss of the miRNA-processing enzyme, Dicer, identified intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and Hopx-positive cells as predominant fecal miRNA sources. These miRNAs can enter bacteria, such as F. nucleatum and E. coli, specifically regulate bacterial gene transcripts, and affect bacterial growth. IEC-miRNA-deficient (Dicer1(ΔIEC)) mice exhibit uncontrolled gut microbiota and exacerbated colitis, and WT fecal miRNA transplantation restores fecal microbes and ameliorates colitis. These findings identify both a physiologic role by which fecal miRNA shapes the gut microbiota and a potential strategy for manipulating the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andre Pires da Cunha
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron Cialic
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynn Bry
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laurie E Comstock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pereira TB, Setotaw TA, Santos DN, Mendes ANG, Salgado SML, Carvalho GR, Rezende RM. Identification of microsatellite markers in coffee associated with resistance to Meloidogyne exigua. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8054. [PMID: 27525876 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Meloidogyne species are destructive phytonematodes that result in reduced yields of coffee. The classic test for resistance to Meloidogyne exigua in coffee progenies is both expensive and time-consuming. The use of molecular marker techniques can assist the selection process when it is difficult to measure the phenotype, such as in cases of resistance to nematode infestation. The objective of this study was to identify microsatellite markers associated with resistance to M. exigua in F5 progenies of coffee derived from a cross between Híbrido de Timor 440-10 and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 86. Of the 44 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers evaluated, 11 showed a polymorphic pattern with a mean number of 4.5 alleles per marker. Clustering analysis classified 82 progenies into three groups related to the response to nematodes and parental genotypes allocated to different groups (resistant and susceptible). SSRCafé 40 allele 2, SSRCafé 15 allele 3, SSRCafé 20 allele 3, and SSRCafé 13 allele 1 were negatively correlated with reproduction factor. In addition, SSRCafé 13 allele 2, SSRCafé 19 allele 3, SSRCafé 40 allele 2, SSRCafé 15 allele 3, and SSRCafé 20 allele 3 were correlated with the root gall index of M. exigua. These SSR markers, which have been validated in this population, represent a potential method to select progenies resistant to nematodes in coffee-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Pereira
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - T A Setotaw
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - D N Santos
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - A N G Mendes
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - S M L Salgado
- Unidade Regional do Sul de Minas, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - G R Carvalho
- Unidade Regional do Sul de Minas, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - R M Rezende
- Unidade Regional do Sul de Minas, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brasil
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29
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Rezende RM, da Cunha AP, Kuhn C, Rubino S, M'Hamdi H, Gabriely G, Vandeventer T, Liu S, Cialic R, Pinheiro-Rosa N, Oliveira RP, Gaublomme JT, Obholzer N, Kozubek J, Pochet N, Faria AMC, Weiner HL. Identification and characterization of latency-associated peptide-expressing γδ T cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8726. [PMID: 26644347 PMCID: PMC4686827 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of lymphocytes specialized in protecting the host against pathogens and tumours. Here we describe a subset of regulatory γδ T cells that express the latency-associated peptide (LAP), a membrane-bound TGF-β1. Thymic CD27+IFN-γ+CCR9+α4β7+TCRγδ+ cells migrate to the periphery, particularly to Peyer's patches and small intestine lamina propria, where they upregulate LAP, downregulate IFN-γ via ATF-3 expression and acquire a regulatory phenotype. TCRγδ+LAP+ cells express antigen presentation molecules and function as antigen presenting cells that induce CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, although TCRγδ+LAP+ cells do not themselves express Foxp3. Identification of TCRγδ+LAP+ regulatory cells provides an avenue for understanding immune regulation and biologic processes linked to intestinal function and disease. Latency-associated peptide (LAP) is a membrane-bound form of TGF-β1. Here the authors show that LAP marks a subset of regulatory γδ T cells with innate gut-homing properties, which present antigen and induce CD4+ Foxp3+ in Peyer's patches and lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andre P da Cunha
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chantal Kuhn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephen Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hanane M'Hamdi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tyler Vandeventer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ron Cialic
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Natalia Pinheiro-Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Jellert T Gaublomme
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nikolaus Obholzer
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - James Kozubek
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ana M C Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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da Cunha AP, Wu HY, Rezende RM, Vandeventer T, Weiner HL. In vivo anti-LAP mAb enhances IL-17/IFN-γ responses and abrogates anti-CD3-induced oral tolerance. Int Immunol 2014; 27:73-82. [PMID: 25194146 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance. The best-characterized Tregs are those expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 and in vivo modulation of Foxp3 Tregs has been employed to study their role in immune homeostasis. Latency-associated peptide (LAP) is a membrane-bound TGF-β complex that has also been shown to play a role in Treg function and oral tolerance. We developed a novel anti-mouse LAP mAb that allowed us to investigate the effect of targeting LAP in vivo on immune function and on anti-CD3-induced oral tolerance. We found that in vivo anti-LAP mAb administration led to a decrease in the number of CD4+LAP+ Tregs in spleen and lymph nodes without affecting CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs. Spleen cells from anti-LAP-injected mice proliferated more in vitro and produced increased amounts of IL-2, IL-17 and IFN-γ. Moreover, injection of anti-LAP antibody abrogated the protective effect of oral anti-CD3 on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Finally, in vivo anti-LAP administration prior to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunization resulted in severe EAE in the absence of pertussis toxin, which is used for EAE induction. Our findings demonstrate the importance of CD4+LAP+ T cells in the control of immune homeostasis and autoimmunity and provides a new tool for the in vivo investigation of murine LAP+ Tregs on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre P da Cunha
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Henry Y Wu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tyler Vandeventer
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA The Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, 1 Brookline Place, Brookline, MA 02445, USA
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Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Cupertino MC, Araújo BM, Rezende RM, Santos EC, Leite JPV, Matta SLP. The energy density of laser light differentially modulates the skin morphological reorganization in a murine model of healing by secondary intention. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 95:138-46. [PMID: 24354418 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of gallium-arsenide (GaAs) laser photobiostimulation applied with different energy densities on skin wound healing by secondary intention in rats. Three circular wounds, 10 mm in diameter, were made on the dorsolateral region of 21 Wistar rats weighting 282.12 ± 36.08 g. The animals were equally randomized into three groups: Group SAL, saline solution 0.9%; Group L3, laser GaAs 3 J/cm(2); Group L30, laser GaAs 30 J/cm(2). Analyses of cells, blood vessels, collagen and elastic fibres, glycosaminoglycans and wound contraction were performed on the scar tissue from different wounds every 7 days for 21 days. On day 7, 14 and 21, L3 and L30 showed higher collagen and glycosaminoglycan levels compared to SAL (P < 0.05). At day 21, elastic fibres were predominant in L3 and L30 compared to SAL (P < 0.05). Type-III collagen fibres were predominant at day 7 in both groups. There was gradual reduction in these fibres and accumulation of type-I collagen over time, especially in L3 and L30 compared with SAL. Elevated density of blood vessels was seen in L30 on days 7 and 14 compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). On these same days, there was higher tissue cellularity in L3 compared with SAL (P < 0.05). The progression of wound closure during all time points investigated was higher in the L30 group (P < 0.05). Both energy densities investigated increased the tissue cellularity, vascular density, collagen and elastic fibres, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, with the greater benefits for wound closure being found at the density of 30 J/cm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo D Novaes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences and NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
In recent years, a growing interest has been dedicated to the study of the endocannabinoid system. The isolation of Cannabis sativa main psychotropic compound, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has led to the discovery of an atypical neurotransmission system that modulates the release of other neurotransmitters and participates in many biological processes, including the cascade of inflammatory responses. In this context, cannabinoids have been studied for their possible therapeutic properties in neuroinflammatory diseases. In this review, historic and biochemical aspects of cannabinoids are discussed, as well as their function as modulators of inflammatory processes and therapeutic perspectives for neurodegenerative disorders, particularly, multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane M Saito
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Graduate Program in Neurosciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Paiva-Lima P, Rezende RM, Leite R, Duarte ID, Bakhle Y, Francischi JN. Crucial involvement of actin filaments in celecoxib and morphine analgesia in a model of inflammatory pain. J Pain Res 2012; 5:535-45. [PMID: 23166451 PMCID: PMC3500925 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s36870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celecoxib exerted analgesic effects (hypoalgesia) reversed by opioid receptor antagonists in a model of inflammatory pain. To analyze this celecoxib-induced hypoalgesia further, we assessed the effects of several disruptors of cytoskeletal components in our model of inflammation. METHODS Hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli was induced in rat hind paws by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and measured using the Randall-Selitto method over the next 8 hours. The effects of systemic pretreatment with celecoxib and a range of cytoskeletal disruptors (colchicine, nocodazole, cytochalasin B, latrunculin B, acrylamide, each given by intraplantar injection) on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia were similarly investigated. Morphine and other selective cyclo-oxygenase 1 (SC-560), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (SC-236), and nonselective cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin) inhibitors were also tested under similar conditions. RESULTS None of the cytoskeletal disruptors affected the peak intensity of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, and its duration was increased only by nocodazole and colchicine. Pretreatment with celecoxib 30 minutes before carrageenan reversed the hyperalgesia and raised the nociceptive threshold (hypoalgesia). All analgesic effects of celecoxib were blocked by nocodazole, colchicine, cytochalasin B, and latrunculin B. Pretreatment with morphine also induced hypoalgesia in carrageenan-inflamed paws, an effect reversed by colchicine and cytochalasin B. However, the analgesic effects of indomethacin were not reversed by disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin B or latrunculin B. CONCLUSION These data strengthen the correlation between cytoskeletal structures and the processes of pain and analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Paiva-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Inflammation and Pain, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Correa JD, Paiva-Lima P, Rezende RM, Dos Reis WGP, Ferreira-Alves DL, Bakhle YS, Francischi JN. Peripheral mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptors mediate the hypoalgesic effect of celecoxib in a rat model of thermal hyperalgesia. Life Sci 2010; 86:951-6. [PMID: 20451533 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The endogenous opioids mediate the analgesic effects of celecoxib in a model of mechanical hyperalgesia in rats. As responses to thermal stimuli may differ from those to mechanical stimuli, we have here assessed celecoxib in a rat model of thermal hyperalgesia and the possible involvement of endogenous opioids and their corresponding receptors in these effects. MAIN METHODS Injection of carrageenan (CG) into one hind paw induced a dose-related hyperalgesia (decreased time for paw withdrawal) to thermal stimuli (infra-red light beam), over 6h. KEY FINDINGS Celecoxib (sc) 30 min before CG (250 microg per paw) induced a dose-dependent reversal of hyperalgesia, with withdrawal times well above basal levels, characterizing development of hypoalgesia. Indomethacin (sc) reversed CG-induced hyperalgesia only to basal levels (an anti-hyperalgesic effect). Naltrexone (sc) prevented hypoalgesia after celecoxib but did not change the response to indomethacin. Local (intraplantar) injection of either a selective antagonist of mu-(beta-funaltrexamine), kappa-(nor-binaltorphimine) or of delta-(naltrindole) opioid receptors also reversed the hypoalgesic effects of celecoxib, without modifying the hyperalgesia due to CG or affecting the nociceptive thresholds in the non-injected paw. SIGNIFICANCE Our data show that celecoxib, unlike indomethacin, was hypoalgesic in this model of thermal hyperalgesia, and that this effect was mediated by peripheral mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrageenan
- Celecoxib
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Male
- Narcotic Antagonists
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Physical Stimulation
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôice D Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rezende RM, França DS, Menezes GB, dos Reis WGP, Bakhle YS, Francischi JN. Different mechanisms underlie the analgesic actions of paracetamol and dipyrone in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:760-8. [PMID: 18157167 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The analgesics, paracetamol and dipyrone are weak inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase isoforms 1 or 2 (COX-1, COX-2) but more potent on COX-3. Both are also weak anti-inflammatory agents, relative to their analgesic and antipyretic activities. In a model of inflammatory pain mediated by prostaglandins, both compounds were analgesic. We have analysed this shared effect further in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Inflammation was induced in one hind paw of rats by intraplantar injection of 250 microg lambda-carrageenan (CG) and the contralateral paw injected with saline. Nociceptive thresholds to mechanical stimulation were measured immediately before and for 6 h after, injection of CG. The analgesics were s.c. or locally (intraplantar) injected either 30 min before or 2 h after CG. In some groups, naltrexone was injected (s.c. or intraplantar), 1 h before CG. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with paracetamol or dipyrone (60-360 mg kg(-1)) reversed hyperalgesia induced by CG and increased nociceptive threshold in the inflamed paw above the basal level (hypoalgesia). Paracetamol, but not dipyrone, also raised nociceptive thresholds in the non-inflamed paw. Subcutaneous, but not local, administration of naltrexone, a specific opioid antagonist, reversed the hypoalgesia induced by paracetamol, but similar naltrexone treatment had no effect on dipyrone-induced analgesia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although both paracetamol and dipyrone are inhibitors of COX isoforms and thus of prostaglandin biosynthesis and were analgesic in our model, their analgesic actions were functionally and mechanistically different. Satisfactory mechanisms of action for these analgesics still remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Rezende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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