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Korolj A, Kohler RH, Scott E, Halabi EA, Lucas K, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. Perfusion Window Chambers Enable Interventional Analyses of Tumor Microenvironments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304886. [PMID: 37870204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) allows spatial and temporal imaging of different cell types in intact live tissue microenvironments. IVM has played a critical role in understanding cancer biology, invasion, metastases, and drug development. One considerable impediment to the field is the inability to interrogate the tumor microenvironment and its communication cascades during disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Here, a new implantable perfusion window chamber (PWC) is described that allows high-fidelity in vivo microscopy, local administration of stains and drugs, and longitudinal sampling of tumor interstitial fluid. This study shows that the new PWC design allows cyclic multiplexed imaging in vivo, imaging of drug action, and sampling of tumor-shed materials. The PWC will be broadly useful as a novel perturbable in vivo system for deciphering biology in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Korolj
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ella Scott
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Elias A Halabi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kilean Lucas
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan C T Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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2
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Synn CB, Kim SE, Lee HK, Kim MH, Kim JH, Lee JM, Jo HN, Lee W, Kim DK, Byeon Y, Kim YS, Yun MR, Park CW, Yun J, Lim S, Heo SG, Yang SD, Lee EJ, Lee S, Choi H, Lee YW, Cho JS, Kim DH, Park S, Kim JH, Choi Y, Lee SS, Ahn BC, Kim CG, Lim SM, Hong MH, Kim HR, Pyo KH, Cho BC. SKI-G-801, an AXL kinase inhibitor, blocks metastasis through inducing anti-tumor immune responses and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy in mouse cancer models. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1364. [PMID: 35003748 PMCID: PMC8716998 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives AXL‐mediated activation of aberrant tyrosine kinase drives various oncogenic processes and facilitates an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We evaluated the anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic activities of SKI‐G‐801, a small‐molecule inhibitor of AXL, alone and in combination with anti‐PD‐1 therapy. Methods In vitro pAXL inhibition by SKI‐G‐801 was performed in both human and mouse cancer cell lines. Immunocompetent mouse models of tumor were established to measure anti‐metastatic potential of SKI‐G‐801. Furthermore, SKI‐G‐801, anti‐PD‐1 or their combination was administered as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant in the 4T1 tumor model to assess their potential for clinical application. Results SKI‐G‐801 robustly inhibited pAXL expression in various cell lines. SKI‐G‐801 alone or in combination with anti‐PD‐1 potently inhibited metastasis in B16F10 melanoma, CT26 colon and 4T1 breast models. SKI‐G‐801 inhibited the growth of B16F10 and 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice but not immune‐deficient mice. An antibody depletion assay revealed that CD8+ T cells significantly contributed to SKI‐G‐801‐mediated survival. Anti‐PD‐1 and combination group were observed the increased CD8+Ki67+ and effector T cells and M1 macrophage and decreased M2 macrophage, and granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (G‐MDSC) compared to the control group. The neoadjuvant combination of SKI‐G‐801 and anti‐PD‐1 therapy achieved superior survival benefits by inducing more profound T‐cell responses in the 4T1 syngeneic mouse model. Conclusion SKI‐G‐801 significantly suppressed tumor metastasis and growth by enhancing anti‐tumor immune responses. Our results suggest that SKI‐G‐801 has the potential to overcome anti‐PD‐1 therapy resistance and allow more patients to benefit from anti‐PD‐1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bong Synn
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | | | - Min-Hwan Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Ha Ni Jo
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Wongeun Lee
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research Gumi Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Kim
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research Gumi Korea
| | - Chae-Won Park
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Jiyeon Yun
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Sangbin Lim
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - San-Duk Yang
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hunmi Choi
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - You Won Lee
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Seok Cho
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Do Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sung Sook Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital Busan Korea
| | - Beung-Chul Ahn
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Medical Science College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Center Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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3
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Yu HY, Lee S, Ju H, Kim Y, Shin JH, Yun H, Ryu CM, Heo J, Lim J, Song S, Lee S, Hong KS, Chung HM, Kim JK, Choo MS, Shin DM. Intravital imaging and single cell transcriptomic analysis for engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121277. [PMID: 34861510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising treatment for various intractable disorders including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). However, an analysis of fundamental characteristics driving in vivo behaviors of transplanted cells has not been performed, causing debates about rational use and efficacy of MSC therapy. Here, we implemented two-photon intravital imaging and single cell transcriptome analysis to evaluate the in vivo behaviors of engrafted multipotent MSCs (M-MSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in an acute IC/BPS animal model. Two-photon imaging analysis was performed to visualize the dynamic association between engrafted M-MSCs and bladder vasculature within live animals until 28 days after transplantation, demonstrating the progressive integration of transplanted M-MSCs into a perivascular-like structure. Single cell transcriptome analysis was performed in highly purified engrafted cells after a dual MACS-FACS sorting procedure and revealed expression changes in various pathways relating to pericyte cell adhesion and cellular stress. Particularly, FOS and cyclin dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) played a key role in modulating the migration, engraftment, and anti-inflammatory functions of M-MSCs, which determined their in vivo therapeutic potency. Collectively, this approach provides an overview of engrafted M-MSC behavior in vivo, which will advance our understanding of MSC therapeutic applications, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Yeul Yu
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; ToolGen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngkyu Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HongDuck Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Min Ryu
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Choo
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Vennin C, Conway JRW, Nobis M, Yin JX, Chambers CR, Pereira BA, Lee V, Filipe EC, Trpceski M, Ritchie S, Lucas MC, Warren SC, Skhinas JN, Magenau A, Metcalf XL, Stoehr J, Major G, Parkin A, Bidanel R, Lyons RJ, Zaratzian A, Tayao M, Da Silva A, Abdulkhalek L, Gill AJ, Johns AL, Biankin AV, Samra J, Grimmond SM, Chou A, Goetz JG, Samuel MS, Lyons JG, Burgess A, Caldon CE, Horvath LG, Daly RJ, Gadegaard N, Wang Y, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Cox TR, Pajic M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Intravital imaging technology guides FAK-mediated priming in pancreatic cancer precision medicine according to Merlin status. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0363. [PMID: 34586840 PMCID: PMC8480933 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic, chemoresistant malignancy and is characterized by a dense, desmoplastic stroma that modulates PDAC progression. Here, we visualized transient manipulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which integrates bidirectional cell-environment signaling, using intravital fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of the FAK-based Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor in mouse and patient-derived PDAC models. Parallel real-time quantification of the FUCCI cell cycle reporter guided us to improve PDAC response to standard-of-care chemotherapy at primary and secondary sites. Critically, micropatterned pillar plates and stiffness-tunable matrices were used to pinpoint the contribution of environmental cues to chemosensitization, while fluid flow–induced shear stress assessment, patient-derived matrices, and personalized in vivo models allowed us to deconstruct how FAK inhibition can reduce PDAC spread. Last, stratification of PDAC patient samples via Merlin status revealed a patient subset with poor prognosis that are likely to respond to FAK priming before chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J. Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James R. W. Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Max Nobis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Julia X. Yin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cecilia R. Chambers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brooke A. Pereira
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elysse C. Filipe
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Shona Ritchie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Morghan C. Lucas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C. Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna N. Skhinas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xanthe L. Metcalf
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Janett Stoehr
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gretel Major
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Parkin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Romain Bidanel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ruth J. Lyons
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Tayao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Da Silva
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lea Abdulkhalek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Australian Pancreatic Genome Initiative (APGI)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- INSERM UMR, Tumour Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Australian Pancreatic Cancer Matrix Atlas (APMA)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- INSERM UMR, Tumour Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Amber L. Johns
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sean M. Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- INSERM UMR, Tumour Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J. Guy Lyons
- Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - C. Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Roger J. Daly
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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5
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Floerchinger A, Murphy KJ, Latham SL, Warren SC, McCulloch AT, Lee YK, Stoehr J, Mélénec P, Guaman CS, Metcalf XL, Lee V, Zaratzian A, Da Silva A, Tayao M, Rolo S, Phimmachanh M, Sultani G, McDonald L, Mason SM, Ferrari N, Ooms LM, Johnsson AKE, Spence HJ, Olson MF, Machesky LM, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Mitchell CA, Samuel MS, Croucher DR, Welch HCE, Blyth K, Caldon CE, Herrmann D, Anderson KI, Timpson P, Nobis M. Optimizing metastatic-cascade-dependent Rac1 targeting in breast cancer: Guidance using optical window intravital FRET imaging. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109689. [PMID: 34525350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing drug response within live native tissue provides increased fidelity with regards to optimizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Here, using longitudinal intravital imaging of a Rac1-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor mouse coupled with in vivo photoswitching to track intratumoral movement, we help guide treatment scheduling in a live breast cancer setting to impair metastatic progression. We uncover altered Rac1 activity at the center versus invasive border of tumors and demonstrate enhanced Rac1 activity of cells in close proximity to live tumor vasculature using optical window imaging. We further reveal that Rac1 inhibition can enhance tumor cell vulnerability to fluid-flow-induced shear stress and therefore improves overall anti-metastatic response to therapy during transit to secondary sites such as the lung. Collectively, this study demonstrates the utility of single-cell intravital imaging in vivo to demonstrate that Rac1 inhibition can reduce tumor progression and metastases in an autochthonous setting to improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Floerchinger
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew T McCulloch
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Young-Kyung Lee
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Janett Stoehr
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pauline Mélénec
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cris S Guaman
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Metcalf
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria Lee
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Da Silva
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Tayao
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sonia Rolo
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Monica Phimmachanh
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ghazal Sultani
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Laura McDonald
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Susan M Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - Lisa M Ooms
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Heather J Spence
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Laura M Machesky
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia; and the School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Heidi C E Welch
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB223AT, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London NW11AT, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Max Nobis
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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6
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Lee NK, Kothandan VK, Kothandan S, Byun Y, Hwang SR. Exosomes and Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Immunity: Current Reports and Future Directions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050441. [PMID: 34062950 PMCID: PMC8147426 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various types of cells, are notorious for their roles in tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Thus, underlying mechanisms for their survival provide key insights into developing effective therapeutic strategies. A more recent focus has been on exosomes that play a role in transmitting information between CSCs and non-CSCs, resulting in activating CSCs for cancer progression and modulating their surrounding microenvironment. The field of CSC-derived exosomes (CSCEXs) for different types of cancer is still under exploration. A deeper understanding and further investigation into CSCEXs’ roles in tumorigenicity and the identification of novel exosomal components are necessary for engineering exosomes for the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the features of CSCEXs, including surface markers, cargo, and biological or physiological functions. Further, reports on the immunomodulatory effects of CSCEXs are summarized, and exosome engineering for CSC-targeting is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.-K.L.); (Y.B.)
| | - Vinoth Kumar Kothandan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Sangeetha Kothandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600073, India;
| | - Youngro Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (N.-K.L.); (Y.B.)
| | - Seung-Rim Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence:
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7
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Espina JA, Marchant CL, Barriga EH. Durotaxis: the mechanical control of directed cell migration. FEBS J 2021; 289:2736-2754. [PMID: 33811732 PMCID: PMC9292038 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is essential for cells to efficiently migrate in physiological and pathological processes. While migrating in their native environment, cells interact with multiple types of cues, such as mechanical and chemical signals. The role of chemical guidance via chemotaxis has been studied in the past, the understanding of mechanical guidance of cell migration via durotaxis remained unclear until very recently. Nonetheless, durotaxis has become a topic of intensive research and several advances have been made in the study of mechanically guided cell migration across multiple fields. Thus, in this article we provide a state of the art about durotaxis by discussing in silico, in vitro and in vivo data. We also present insights on the general mechanisms by which cells sense, transduce and respond to environmental mechanics, to then contextualize these mechanisms in the process of durotaxis and explain how cells bias their migration in anisotropic substrates. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about durotaxis in vivo and we comment on how haptotaxis could arise from integrating durotaxis and chemotaxis in native environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espina
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristian L Marchant
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
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8
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Dawson CA, Mueller SN, Lindeman GJ, Rios AC, Visvader JE. Intravital microscopy of dynamic single-cell behavior in mouse mammary tissue. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1907-1935. [PMID: 33627843 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton intravital imaging is essential for understanding cellular behavior and function in vivo. The adipose-rich environment of the mammary gland poses a unique challenge to in vivo microscopy due to light scattering that impedes high-resolution imaging. Here we provide a protocol for high-quality, six-color 3D intravital imaging of regions across the entire mouse mammary gland and associated tissues for several hours while maintaining tissue access for microdissection and labeling. An incision at the ventral midline and along the right hind leg creates a skin flap that is then secured to a raised platform skin side down. This allows for fluorescence-guided microdissection of connective tissue to provide unimpeded imaging of mammary ducts. A sealed imaging chamber over the skin flap creates a stable environment while maintaining access to large tissue regions for imaging with an upright microscope. We provide a strategy for imaging single cells and the tissue microenvironment utilizing multicolor Confetti lineage-tracing and additional dyes using custom-designed filters and sequential excitation with dual multiphoton lasers. Furthermore, we describe a strategy for simultaneous imaging and photomanipulation of single cells using the Olympus SIM scanner and provide steps for 3D video processing, visualization and high-dimensional analysis of single-cell behavior. We then provide steps for multiplexing intravital imaging with fixation, immunostaining, tissue clearing and 3D confocal imaging to associate cell behavior with protein expression. The skin-flap surgery and chamber preparation take 1.5 h, followed by up to 12 h of imaging. Applications range from basic filming in 1 d to 5 d for multiplexing and complex analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Dawson
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne C Rios
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Su C, Zhang J, Yarden Y, Fu L. The key roles of cancer stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:109. [PMID: 33678805 PMCID: PMC7937675 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), the subpopulation of cancer cells, have the capability of proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. The presence of CSCs is a key factor leading to tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released by different kinds of cells and have the capacity to deliver certain cargoes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which have been recognized as a vital mediator in cell-to-cell communication. Recently, more and more studies have reported that EVs shed by CSCs make a significant contribution to tumor progression. CSCs-derived EVs are involved in tumor resistance, metastasis, angiogenesis, as well as the maintenance of stemness phenotype and tumor immunosuppression microenvironment. Here, we summarized the molecular mechanism by which CSCs-derived EVs in tumor progression. We believed that the fully understanding of the roles of CSCs-derived EVs in tumor development will definitely provide new ideas for CSCs-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Su
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yosef Yarden
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liwu Fu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Effect of naive and cancer-educated fibroblasts on colon cancer cell circadian growth rhythm. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:289. [PMID: 32341349 PMCID: PMC7184765 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic modification of the tumour microenvironment by cancer cells enhances tumour expansion and consequently eliminates tumour suppressor components. We studied the effect of fibroblasts on the circadian rhythm of growth and protein expression in colon cancer HCT116 cells and found diminished oscillation in the proliferation of HCT116 cells co-cultured with naive fibroblasts, compared with those co-cultured with tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) or those cultured alone, suggesting that TAFs may have lost or gained factors that regulate circadian phenotypes. Based on the fibroblast paracrine factor analysis, we tested IL6, which diminished HCT116 cell growth oscillation, inhibited early phase cell proliferation, increased early phase expression of the differentiation markers CEA and CDX2, and decreased early phase ERK5 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate how the cancer education of naive fibroblasts influences the circadian parameters of neighbouring cancer cells and highlights a putative role for IL6 as a novel candidate for preoperative treatments.
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11
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Hou Y, Li T, Gan W, Lv S, Zeng Z, Yan Z, Wang W, Yang M. Prognostic significance of mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:339. [PMID: 32355783 PMCID: PMC7186654 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, and this heterogeneity is associated with tumor development, clinical characteristics, and prognostic outcomes. Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) is a novel, non-biased, quantitative measure to assess intra-tumor heterogeneity based on next-generation sequencing data. We aimed to explore the use of MATH as a measure for tumor heterogeneity and its prognostic role in UCEC patients. Methods We calculated MATH scores from the available data of 560 UCEC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and investigated their correlations with clinical characteristics, genetic alterations, and overall survival. Predictive accuracy was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the index of concordance (C-index). Results In total, 242 MATH scores were obtained from the UCEC cohort. MATH scores were significantly related to age, race, cancer type, clinical stage, histological grade, molecular type, targeted molecular therapy, and hormonal therapy. Furthermore, the genomic pattern on the basis of MATH scores showed that mutation rates of TP53 (tumor protein p53) and ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) were independently associated with MATH scores. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive association of MATH scores with the fraction of somatic copy number alteration (SCNA). Importantly, a high MATH score was significantly associated with shorter overall survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.342; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.110-4.942]. Multivariate Cox regression combined with stratified analysis revealed that the MATH score is an independent prognostic factor in UCEC patients under 60 years old, and predictive quantification showed the MATH score had an AUC of 0.756 and a C-index of 0.845. Conclusions Our results suggest that MATH, a practical and useful way to measure intra-tumor heterogeneity, may serve as a significant biomarker for the prognosis of patients with UCEC, enabling more accurate prediction of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenqiang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Silin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Si P, Shevidi S, Yuan E, Yuan K, Lautman Z, Jeffrey SS, Sledge GW, de la Zerda A. Gold Nanobipyramids as Second Near Infrared Optical Coherence Tomography Contrast Agents for in Vivo Multiplexing Studies. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:101-108. [PMID: 31585502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques is important for specific imaging of tissue lesions, molecular imaging, cell-tracking, and highly sensitive microangiography and lymphangiography. Multiplexed OCT imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window is highly desirable since it allows simultaneous imaging and tracking of multiple biological events in high resolution with deeper tissue penetration in vivo. Here we demonstrate that gold nanobipyramids can function as OCT multiplexing contrast agents, allowing high-resolution imaging of two separate lymphatic flows occurring simultaneously from different drainage basins into the same lymph node in a live mouse. Contrast-enhanced multiplexed lymphangiography of a melanoma tumor in vivo shows that the peritumoral lymph flow upstream of the tumor is unidirectional, and tumor is accessible to such flow. Whereas the lymphatic drainage coming out from the tumor is multidirectional. We also demonstrate real-time tracking of the contrast agents draining from a melanoma tumor specifically to the sentinel lymph node of the tumor and the three-dimensional distribution of the contrast agents in the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Si
- Department of Structural Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Saba Shevidi
- Department of Structural Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Edwin Yuan
- Department of Structural Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ziv Lautman
- Department of Structural Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - George W Sledge
- Department of Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , 350 Serra Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
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13
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Abstract
Cancer arises from a single cell through a series of acquired mutations and epigenetic alterations. Tumors gradually develop into a complex tissue comprised of phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cell populations, as well as noncancer cells that make up the tumor microenvironment. The phenotype, or state, of each cancer and stromal cell is influenced by a plethora of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. The diversity of these cellular states promotes tumor progression, enables metastasis, and poses a challenge for effective cancer treatments. Thus, the identification of strategies for the therapeutic manipulation of tumor heterogeneity would have significant clinical implications. A major barrier in the field is the difficulty in functionally investigating heterogeneity in tumors in cancer patients. Here we review how mouse models of human cancer can be leveraged to interrogate tumor heterogeneity and to help design better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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14
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Ma Z, Han K, Dai X, Han H. Precisely Striking Tumors without Adjacent Normal Tissue Damage via Mitochondria-Templated Accumulation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6252-6262. [PMID: 29791136 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ignored damage in adjacent normal tissue is fatal especially in some specific tumor therapy such as brain tumors, but it remains a great challenge to conquer due to random drug diffusion and tumor complexity. Herein, we show that hyperthermia in mitochondria, an interparticle plasmonic coupling effect activated nanoevent, selectively strikes tumor tissues without damaging adjacent normal tissues. Spherical gold nanoparticles with a mitochondria-targeting moiety, triphenyl phosphonium, preferentially accumulated inside tumor mitochondria and reached the threshold to activate interparticle plasmonic coupling effect among gold nanoparticles, realizing selective light-thermal conversion and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor, whereas little hyperthermia and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in adjacent normal tissues. In vivo study revealed that the temperature increment in tumor tissue with irradiation was nearly 4-fold that in adjacent normal tissue. This subcellular organelle-templated accumulation strategy provides a therapeutic model for highly selective tumor therapy with negligible local side effects.
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15
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Steenbeek SC, Pham TV, de Ligt J, Zomer A, Knol JC, Piersma SR, Schelfhorst T, Huisjes R, Schiffelers RM, Cuppen E, Jimenez CR, van Rheenen J. Cancer cells copy migratory behavior and exchange signaling networks via extracellular vesicles. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798357. [PMID: 29907695 PMCID: PMC6068466 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data showed that cancer cells from different tumor subtypes with distinct metastatic potential influence each other's metastatic behavior by exchanging biomolecules through extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, it is debated how small amounts of cargo can mediate this effect, especially in tumors where all cells are from one subtype, and only subtle molecular differences drive metastatic heterogeneity. To study this, we have characterized the content of EVs shed in vivo by two clones of melanoma (B16) tumors with distinct metastatic potential. Using the Cre‐LoxP system and intravital microscopy, we show that cells from these distinct clones phenocopy their migratory behavior through EV exchange. By tandem mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing, we show that EVs shed by these clones into the tumor microenvironment contain thousands of different proteins and RNAs, and many of these biomolecules are from interconnected signaling networks involved in cellular processes such as migration. Thus, EVs contain numerous proteins and RNAs and act on recipient cells by invoking a multi‐faceted biological response including cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander C Steenbeek
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Division Biomedical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anoek Zomer
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Schelfhorst
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Huisjes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Division Biomedical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Palm MM, Elemans M, Beltman JB. Heritable tumor cell division rate heterogeneity induces clonal dominance. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005954. [PMID: 29432417 PMCID: PMC5825147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors consist of a hierarchical population of cells that differ in their phenotype and genotype. This hierarchical organization of cells means that a few clones (i.e., cells and several generations of offspring) are abundant while most are rare, which is called clonal dominance. Such dominance also occurred in published in vitro iterated growth and passage experiments with tumor cells in which genetic barcodes were used for lineage tracing. A potential source for such heterogeneity is that dominant clones derive from cancer stem cells with an unlimited self-renewal capacity. Furthermore, ongoing evolution and selection within the growing population may also induce clonal dominance. To understand how clonal dominance developed in the iterated growth and passage experiments, we built a computational model that accurately simulates these experiments. The model simulations reproduced the clonal dominance that developed in in vitro iterated growth and passage experiments when the division rates vary between cells, due to a combination of initial variation and of ongoing mutational processes. In contrast, the experimental results can neither be reproduced with a model that considers random growth and passage, nor with a model based on cancer stem cells. Altogether, our model suggests that in vitro clonal dominance develops due to selection of fast-dividing clones. Tumors consist of numerous cell populations, i.e., clones, that differ with respect to genotype, and potentially with respect to phenotype, and these populations strongly differ in their size. A limited number of clones tend to dominate tumors, but it remains unclear how this clonal dominance arises. Potential driving mechanisms are the presence of cancer stem cells, which either divide indefinitely of differentiate into cells with a limited division potential, and ongoing evolutionary processes within the tumor. Here we use a computational model to understand how clonal dominance developed during in vitro growth and passage experiments with cancer cells. Incorporating cancer stem cells in this model did not result in a match between simulations and in vitro data. In contrast, by considering all cells to divide indefinitely and division rates to evolve due to the combination of division rate variability and selection by passage, our model closely matches the in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet M. Palm
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marjet Elemans
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost B. Beltman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Qian BZ. Inflammation fires up cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:170-176. [PMID: 28838845 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the major challenge of cancer that accounts for over 90% of total cancer lethality. Mounting clinical and preclinical data now indicate that inflammation, a potent immune and repair response, is indispensable for metastasis. In this review we describe our current understanding of how major inflammatory cells contribute to metastatic cascade with a focus on the primary tumour. We also discuss exciting new directions for future research and novel therapeutic approaches to tackle metastatic disease through targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Zhi Qian
- University of Edinburgh and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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18
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Li YX, Gautam V, Brüstle A, Cockburn IA, Daria VR, Gillespie C, Gaus K, Alt C, Lee WM. Flexible polygon-mirror based laser scanning microscope platform for multiphoton in-vivo imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1526-1537. [PMID: 28164461 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Commercial microscopy systems make use of tandem scanning i.e. either slow or fast scanning. We constructed, for the first time, an advanced control system capable of delivering a dynamic line scanning speed ranging from 2.7 kHz to 27 kHz and achieve variable frame rates from 5 Hz to 50 Hz (512 × 512). The dynamic scanning ability is digitally controlled by a new customized open-source software named PScan1.0. This permits manipulation of scanning rates either to gain higher fluorescence signal at slow frame rate without increasing laser power or increase frame rates to capture high speed events. By adjusting imaging speed from 40 Hz to 160 Hz, we capture a range of calcium waves and transient peaks from soma and dendrite of single fluorescence neuron (CAL-520AM). Motion artifacts arising from respiratory and cardiac motion in small animal imaging reduce quality of real-time images of single cells in-vivo. An image registration algorithm, integrated with PScan1.0, was shown to perform both real time and post-processed motion correction. The improvement is verified by quantification of blood flow rates. This work describes all the steps necessary to develop a high performance and flexible polygon-mirror based multiphoton microscope system for in-vivo biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Li
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australia National University, North Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - V Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Garran Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Brüstle
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Garran Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - I A Cockburn
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Garran Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - V R Daria
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Garran Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - C Gillespie
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Garran Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - K Gaus
- Australia- EMBL Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Alt
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - W M Lee
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australia National University, North Road, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australian National University, Australia
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19
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Gómez-Cuadrado L, Tracey N, Ma R, Qian B, Brunton VG. Mouse models of metastasis: progress and prospects. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1061-1074. [PMID: 28883015 PMCID: PMC5611969 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are devastating as metastatic disease accounts for >90% of cancer-related deaths. The formation of metastases is the result of a series of events that allow cancer cells to escape from the primary site, survive in the lymphatic system or blood vessels, extravasate and grow at distant sites. The metastatic capacity of a tumor is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes within the cancer cells as well as contributions from cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mouse models have proven to be an important tool for unraveling the complex interactions involved in the metastatic cascade and delineating its many stages. Here, we critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the current mouse models and highlight the recent advances that have been made using these models in our understanding of metastasis. We also discuss the use of these models for testing potential therapies and the challenges associated with the translation of these findings into the provision of new and effective treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Natasha Tracey
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Binzhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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20
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Suijkerbuijk SJE, van Rheenen J. From good to bad: Intravital imaging of the hijack of physiological processes by cancer cells. Dev Biol 2017; 428:328-337. [PMID: 28473106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of tissues is tightly regulated at the cellular, tissue and organismal level. Interestingly, tumor cells have found ways to hijack many of these physiological processes at all the different levels. Here we review how intravital microscopy techniques have provided new insights into our understanding of tissue homeostasis and cancer progression. In addition, we highlight the different strategies that tumor cells have adopted to use these physiological processes for their own benefit. We describe how visualization of these dynamic processes in living mice has broadened to our view on cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J E Suijkerbuijk
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Zhou H, Neelakantan D, Ford HL. Clonal cooperativity in heterogenous cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:79-89. [PMID: 27582427 PMCID: PMC5330947 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the development of effective therapies and is thus an important focus of cancer research. Genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as altered tumor microenvironments, result in tumors made up of diverse subclones with different genetic and phenotypic characteristics. Intratumor heterogeneity enables competition, but also supports clonal cooperation via cell-cell contact or secretion of factors, resulting in enhanced tumor progression. Here, we summarize recent findings related to interclonal interactions within a tumor and the therapeutic implications of such interactions, with an emphasis on how different subclones collaborate with each other to promote proliferation, metastasis and therapy-resistance. Furthermore, we propose that disruption of clonal cooperation by targeting key factors (such as Wnt and Hedgehog, amongst others) can be an alternative approach to improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengbo Zhou
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Deepika Neelakantan
- Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Heide L Ford
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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22
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Beerling E, Oosterom I, Voest E, Lolkema M, van Rheenen J. Intravital characterization of tumor cell migration in pancreatic cancer. INTRAVITAL 2016; 5:e1261773. [PMID: 28243522 PMCID: PMC5226006 DOI: 10.1080/21659087.2016.1261773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Curing pancreatic cancer is difficult as metastases often determine the poor clinical outcome. To gain more insight into the metastatic behavior of pancreatic cancer cells, we characterized migratory cells in primary pancreatic tumors using intravital microscopy. We visualized the migratory behavior of primary tumor cells of a genetically engineered pancreatic cancer mouse model and found that pancreatic tumor cells migrate with a mesenchymal morphology as single individual cells or collectively as a stream of non-cohesive single motile cells. These findings may improve our ability to conceive treatments that block metastatic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Beerling
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Oosterom
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emile Voest
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Lolkema
- University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
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