1
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Joven-Sancho D, Baya M, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. The CF 3 Group as a Synthon of the CF + Unit in Palladium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403108. [PMID: 38606604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The homoleptic trifluoromethyl-palladium(II) complex [Pd(CF3)4]2- (1) is shown to be highly active towards amines. Thus, when treated with primary amines RNH2, it readily undergoes aminolysis of one of the CF3 ligands affording the isocyanide complexes [(CF3)3Pd(CNR)]- (R=aryl). In this process the original CF3 group undergoes total defluorination. Interestingly, the reaction of 1 with secondary amines R2NH proceeds with loss of just two F-substituents, whereby the Fischer-type fluoroaminocarbene complexes [(CF3)3Pd(CFNR2)]- are formed (R=Et, Ph). The reaction of 1 with diamines affords different [(CF3)3Pd(NHC)]- complexes containing sterically non-demanding NHC ligands. Representative examples of various topologies are reported based on the common imidazolidin-2-ylidene or benzimidazolin-2-ylidene rings as well as the expanded-ring perimidin-2-ylidene. This metal-tailored synthetic route, where a CF3 group acts as a pre-carbenic unit, is unprecedented in the vast NHC-chemistry. It takes place under very mild conditions and is envisaged to be extensible to other non-isolable NHC ligands. The key difluorocarbene intermediate [(CF3)3Pd(CF2)]- is experimentally detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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2
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Li Y, Kang Y, Xiao J, Zhang Z. Mechanism, Chemoselectivity, and Stereoselectivity of an NHC-Catalyzed Reaction of Aldehydes and Hydrazones: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4483-4492. [PMID: 38785354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism and origins of chemo- and enantioselectivities of the reaction between aliphatic aldehydes and hydrazones catalyzed by triazolium-derived NHC, density functional theory computations have been performed. According to our calculated results, the whole catalytic cycle for the formation of dihydropyridazinones proceeds via the initial nucleophilic addition of NHC to an aliphatic aldehyde, followed by the concerted intramolecular proton transfer and C-Cl bond cleavage. Subsequent deprotonation generates an enolate intermediate. The enolate intermediate then undergoes 1,4-addition to hydrazone to construct a new carbon-carbon bond. The following ring-closure would lead to a six-membered ring intermediate, which, upon the release of NHC, affords the final product dihydropyridazinone. The computation results reveal that intramolecular proton transfer is significantly promoted by the Brønsted acid DIPEA·H+. The carbon-carbon bond formation step could determine not only the chemoselectivity but also the stereoselectivity and lead to the S-isomer product. It was found that the stereoselectivity arises from a combination of weak interactions, including C-H···O, C-H···N, C-H···π, and LP···π. NHC could enhance the nucleophilicity of the aliphatic aldehyde and facilitate further reaction with hydrazone. This work could be beneficial for the development of new catalytic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Yanlong Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Road 185, Anshan 114051, China
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3
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Benin A, Kollar JI, Riesebeck T, Wurl F, Graiff C, Strassner T, Tubaro C. Synthesis and characterization of Pt(II) and Au(I) complexes with N-oxy-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NOHCs). Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9323-9329. [PMID: 38747257 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00996g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Two N-alkyloxy-N'-phenylimidazolium proligands and the corresponding platinum(II) cyclometalated N-alkyloxyimidazol-2-ylidene complexes with β-diketonate auxiliary ligands, [(CNOHC^C*)Pt(L∩L)] (L∩L = acetyacetonate (acac) or 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dionato (mesacac)) were synthesized and fully characterized. In addition, a Au(I) monocarbene complex was synthesized, isolated and characterized. Solid-state structures of two cyclometalated platinum(II) NOHC complexes and the Au(I) NOHC complex were obtained providing structural proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Benin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Joshua Immanuel Kollar
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tim Riesebeck
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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4
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He M, Hu C, Wei R, Wang XF, Liu LL. Recent advances in the chemistry of isolable carbene analogues with group 13-15 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3896-3951. [PMID: 38436383 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbenes (R2C:), compounds with a divalent carbon atom containing only six valence shell electrons, have evolved into a broader class with the replacement of the carbene carbon or the RC moiety with main group elements, leading to the creation of main group carbene analogues. These analogues, mirroring the electronic structure of carbenes (a lone pair of electrons and an empty orbital), demonstrate unique reactivity. Over the last three decades, this area has seen substantial advancements, paralleling the innovations in carbene chemistry. Recent studies have revealed a spectrum of unique carbene analogues, such as monocoordinate aluminylenes, nitrenes, and bismuthinidenes, notable for their extraordinary properties and diverse reactivity, offering promising applications in small molecule activation. This review delves into the isolable main group carbene analogues that are in the forefront from 2010 and beyond, spanning elements from group 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl), group 14 (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) and group 15 (N, P, As, Sb, and Bi). Specifically, this review focuses on the potential amphiphilic species that possess both lone pairs of electrons and vacant orbitals. We detail their comprehensive synthesis and stabilization strategies, outlining the reactivity arising from their distinct structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian He
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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5
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Park M, Schmidt C, Türck S, Hanusch F, Hirmer SV, Ott I, Casini A, Inoue S. Potent Anticancer Activity of a Dinuclear Gold(I) bis-N-Heterocyclic Imine Complex Related to Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition in Vitro. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300557. [PMID: 37937471 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A dinuclear gold(I) complex featuring a strongly donating bis-N-heterocyclic imine ligand was synthesised and characterised by different methods, including single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis. The compound has been tested for its antiproliferative effects in a panel of human cancer cell lines in vitro, showing highly selective anticancer effects, particularly against human A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC), with respect to non-tumorigenic cells (VERO). The accumulation of the compound in A549 and VERO cells was studied by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HRCS-AAS), revealing that the anticancer effects are not particularly related to the different amounts of gold taken up by the cells over 72 h. Enzyme inhibition studies to evaluate the activity of the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in cancer cell extracts show that the gold(I) compound is a potent inhibitor (IC50=0.567±0.208 μM), while the free ligand is ineffective. This result correlates with the observed compound's selectivity towards A549 cells overexpressing the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Simone V Hirmer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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6
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Mahdavi SM, Bockfeld D, Büssing R, Karge B, Bannenberg T, Frank R, Brönstrup M, Ott I, Tamm M. Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes from the marine betaine 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-4-carboxylate. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1942-1946. [PMID: 38205632 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine natural product norzooanemonin (1,3-dimethylimidazolium-4-carboxylate) has been used to prepare a series of carboxyl- or carboxylate-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) complexes from [(Me2S)AuCl] in the presence of potassium carbonate. The potential of the resulting mono- and dicarbene complexes to act as cytotoxic or antibacterial drugs was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahbobeh Mahdavi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - René Frank
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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7
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Nicholls TP, Jia Z, Chalker JM. Electrochemical Synthesis of Gold-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303161. [PMID: 37876029 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical synthesis of gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Au-NHC) complexes has been developed. The electrochemical methodology uses only imidazolium salts, gold metal electrodes, and electricity to produce these complexes with hydrogen gas as the only by-product. This high-yielding and operationally simple procedure has been used to produce eight mononuclear and three dinuclear Au-NHC complexes. The electrochemical procedure facilitates a clean reaction with no by-products. As such, Au-NHC complexes can be directly transferred to catalytic reactions without work-up or purification. The Au-NHC complexes were produced on-demand and tested as catalysts in a vinylcyclopropanation reaction. All mononuclear Au-NHC complexes performed similarly to or better than the isolated complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Nicholls
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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8
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Arabzadeh Nosratabad N, Jin Z, Arabzadeh H, Chen B, Huang C, Mattoussi H. Molar excess of coordinating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands triggers kinetic digestion of gold nanocrystals. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:467-483. [PMID: 38078852 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There has been much interest in evaluating the strength of the coordination interactions between N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) molecules and transition metal ions, nanocolloids and surfaces. We implement a top-down core digestion test of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) triggered by incubation with a large molar excess of poly(ethylene glycol)-appended NHC molecules, where kinetic dislodging of surface atoms and formation of NHC-Au complexes progressively take place. We characterize the structure and chemical nature of the generated PEG-NHC-Au complexes using 1D and 2D 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy, supplemented with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. We further apply the same test using thiol-modified molecules and find that though etching can be measured the kinetics are substantially slower. We discuss our findings within the classic digestion of transition metal ores and colloids induced by interactions with sodium cyanide, which provides an insight into the strength of coordination between the strong σ-donating (soft Lewis base) NHC and Au surfaces (having a soft Lewis acid character), as compared to gold-to-gold covalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Arabzadeh Nosratabad
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Hesam Arabzadeh
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Banghao Chen
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Florida State University, Department of Scientific Computing, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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9
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Behçet A, Taslimi P, Şen B, Taskın-Tok T, Aktaş A, Gök Y, Aygün M, Gülçin İ. New palladium complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene and morpholine ligands: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, molecular docking, and biological activities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23554. [PMID: 37855258 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This work includes the synthesis of a new series of palladium-based complexes containing both morpholine and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. The new complexes were characterized using NMR (1 H and 13 C), FTIR spectroscopic, and elemental analysis techniques. The crystal structure of complex 1b was obtained by utilizing the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. X-ray studies show that the coordination environment of palladium atom is completed by the carbene carbon atom of the NHC ligand, the nitrogen atom of the morpholine ring, and a pair of bromide ligand, resulting in the formation of slightly distorted square planar geometry. All complexes were determined for some metabolic enzyme activities. Results indicated that all the synthetic complexes exhibited powerful inhibitory actions against all aims as compared to the control molecules. Ki values of new morpholine-liganded complexes bearing 4-hydroxyphenylethyl group 1a-e for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE, and α-glycosidase enzymes were obtained in the ranges 0.93-2.14, 1.01-2.03, 4.58-10.27, 7.02-13.75, and 73.86-102.65 µM, respectively. Designing of reported complexes is impacted by molecular docking study, and interaction with the current enzymes also proclaimed that compounds 1e (-12.25 kcal/mol for AChE and -11.63 kcal/mol for BChE), 1c (-10.77 kcal/mol and -9.26 kcal/mol for α-Gly and hCA II, respectively), and 1a (-8.31 kcal/mol for hCA I) are showing binding affinity and interaction from the synthesized five novel complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Behçet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Türkiye
| | - Betül Şen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Taskın-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Aktaş
- Vocational School of Health Service, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, Türkiye
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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10
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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Guillet SG, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Gold(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301961. [PMID: 37463071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold-based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold-NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold-NHC synthons as efficient pre-catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo-emissive materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sebastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Huang M, Zhou C, Yang KF, Li Z, Lai GQ, Zhang P. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Hydroborylation of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13838-13846. [PMID: 37750715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
An effective (NHC)AgCl catalysis was developed in the hydroborylation of cyclopropenes with B2pin2, delivering a variety of cyclopylboronates in a stereoselective manner, which could be easily transformed for the construction of versatile cyclopropanes. This protocol works effectively under mild reaction conditions in an open-air atmosphere, and it was easy to apply on a gram scale. This novel method in detail was also explored by control experiments, providing a number of key insights. The kinetic process followed by 1H NMR indicated that the reaction was finished in 15 min. Furthermore, the mechanism of silver(I)-catalyzed hydroborylation of cyclopropenes was proposed, with the protonation by methanol as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ke-Fang Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ze Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Pinglu Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
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12
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Podchorodecka P, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M, Bisz E. IPr* Oxa - a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible N,C-chelating oxazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13608-13617. [PMID: 37698540 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a major direction in ancillary ligand development for stabilization of reactive metal centers in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. In particular, wingtip-flexible NHCs have attracted significant attention due to their unique ability to provide a sterically-demanding environment for transition metals in various oxidation states. Herein, we report a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible NHC ligands that feature N,C-chelating oxazole donors. These ligands are readily accessible through a modular arylation of oxazole derivatives. We report their synthesis and complete structural and electronic characterization. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties and coordination chemistry to Ag(I), Pd(II) and Rh(I) is described. Preliminary studies of catalytic activity in Ag, Pd and Rh-catalyzed coupling and hydrosilylation reactions are presented. This study establishes the fluxional behavior of a freely-rotatable oxazole unit, wherein the oxazolyl ring adjusts to the steric and electronic environment of the metal center. Considering the tremendous impact of sterically-hindered NHCs and their potential to stabilize reactive metals by N-chelation, we expect that this class of NHC ligands will be of broad interest in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Podchorodecka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
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13
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Astakhov AV, Minyaev ME, Zhang Y, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. New class of RSO 2-NHC ligands and Pd/RSO 2-NHC complexes with tailored electronic properties and high performance in catalytic C-C and C-N bonds formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12067-12086. [PMID: 37581341 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have found ubiquitous applications as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and metal nanoparticle stabilizers in catalysis and metallodrug research. Substituents directly attached to the imidazole ring can have a significant influence on the electronic, steric, and other properties of NHC-proligands as well as their metal complexes. In the present study, for the first time, a new type of Pd/NHC complex with the RSO2 group directly attached to the imidazol-2-ylidene ligand core was designed and synthesized. The electronic properties as well as structural features of the new ligands were evaluated by means of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the introduction of a 4-aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl group only slightly decreased the electron donation, but it significantly increased the π-acceptance and slightly enhanced the buried volume (%Vbur) of new imidazol-2-ylidenes. New Pd/NHC complexes were obtained through selective C(2)H-palladation of some of the synthesized 4-RSO2-functionalized imidazolium salts under mild conditions. Several complexes demonstrated good activity in the catalysis of model cross-coupling reactions, outperforming the activity of similar complexes with non-substituted NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim A Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, Nengyuan Road, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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14
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Kapitza P, Scherfler A, Salcher S, Sopper S, Cziferszky M, Wurst K, Gust R. Reaction Behavior of [1,3-Diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-ylidene] Containing Gold(I/III) Complexes against Ingredients of the Cell Culture Medium and the Meaning on the Potential Use for Cancer Eradication Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reactivities of halido[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (chlorido (5), bromido (6), iodido (7)), bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (8), and bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]dihalidogold(III) (chlorido (9), bromido (10), iodido (11)) complexes against ingredients of the cell culture medium were analyzed by HPLC. The degradation in the RPMI 1640 medium was studied, too. Complex 6 quantitatively reacted with chloride to 5, while 7 showed additionally ligand scrambling to 8. Interactions with non-thiol containing amino acids could not be detected. However, glutathione (GSH) reacted immediately with 5 and 6 yielding the (NHC)gold(I)-GSH complex 12. The most active complex 8 was stable under in vitro conditions and strongly participated on the biological effects of 7. The gold(III) species 9-11 were completely reduced by GSH to 8 and are prodrugs. All complexes were tested for inhibitory effects in Cisplatin-resistant cells, as well as against cancer stem cell-enriched cell lines and showed excellent activity. Such compounds are of utmost interest for the therapy of drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapitza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Amelie Scherfler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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15
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Martynova EA, Zuccarello M, Kronenberg D, Beliš M, Czapik A, Zhang Z, Van Hecke K, Kwit M, Baudoin O, Cavallo L, Nolan SP. Simple synthetic access to [Au(IBiox)Cl] complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7558-7563. [PMID: 37191083 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Green and sustainable access to chiral and achiral gold-IBiox complexes is reported. The gold complexes were synthesized using a simple, air-tolerant, weak base protocol carried out in a green solvent. Their catalytic activity was examined in the hydroamination of alkynes. The steric protection afforded the gold center by these ligands was quantified using the %Vbur model and compared with the most commonly encountered NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Domenic Kronenberg
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcin Kwit
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Rahman MM, Meng G, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. I tOct (I tOctyl) - pushing the limits of I tBu: highly hindered electron-rich N-aliphatic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5141-5147. [PMID: 37206400 PMCID: PMC10189875 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ItBu (ItBu = 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important and most versatile N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbene available in organic synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic activity of ItOct (ItOctyl), C2-symmetric, higher homologues of ItBu. The new ligand class, including saturated imidazolin-2-ylidene analogues has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma: ItOct, 929 298; SItOct, 929 492 to enable broad access of the academic and industrial researchers within the field of organic and inorganic synthesis. We demonstrate that replacement of the t-Bu side chain with t-Oct results in the highest steric volume of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes reported to date, while retaining the electronic properties inherent to N-aliphatic ligands, such as extremely strong σ-donation crucial to the reactivity of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes. An efficient large-scale synthesis of imidazolium ItOct and imidazolinium SItOct carbene precursors is presented. Coordination chemistry to Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) as well as beneficial effects on catalysis using Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) complexes are described. Considering the tremendous importance of ItBu in catalysis, synthesis and metal stabilization, we anticipate that the new class of ItOct ligands will find wide application in pushing the boundaries of new and existing approaches in organic and inorganic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Norwida 4/6 14 Wroclaw 50-373 Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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17
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Mateus M, Kiss A, Císařová I, Karpiński TM, Rycek L. Synthesis of silver complexes with chelating bidentate N‐heterocyclic ligands, their application in catalytic A 3 coupling, and as antimicrobial agents. Appl Organomet Chem 2023; 37. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a synthesis of novel silver complexes stabilized by bidentate ligands based on N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) linked with a bisamide linker. The ligand stabilizes the silver ion in a rare chelating mode. The synthesis of the complex depends on the equimolar ratio of the silver source and the ligand precursor. In case the excess of the silver source is used, the reaction leads to the formation of an unprecedented tetranuclear silver complex, stabilized by two equivalents of the ligand, where each of the silver atoms is coordinated by one NHC and one amide moiety. The silver complexes were applied as a catalyst in a multicomponent A3 coupling and proved to be a very efficient catalyst. The reaction provided desired products in yields up to 96%, and the use of low catalytic loading, as low as 0.1 mol%, was possible without significantly compromising the effectivity of the reaction. Moreover, the complexes showed broad spectra of antimicrobial activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range of 1 to 31 μg/ml against several Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi. Presented complexes represent synthetically challenging molecules, which show great applicability in catalysis and outstanding potential as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mateus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles University Albertov 6 Prague 2 128 00 Czech Republic
| | - Anita Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles University Albertov 6 Prague 2 128 00 Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles University Albertov 6 Prague 2 128 43 Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology Poznań University of Medical Sciences Rokietnicka 10 Poznań 60‐806 Poland
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Charles University Albertov 6 Prague 2 128 00 Czech Republic
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18
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Khazipov OV, Pyatachenko AS, Pasyukov DV, Minyaev ME, Chernyshev VM. A pyridine promoted ‘weak base route’ to (NHC)2NiCl2 complexes with bulky N,N'-diaryl carbene ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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19
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Mulks FF, Melaimi M, Yan X, Baik MH, Bertrand G. How To Enhance the Efficiency of Breslow Intermediates for SET Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2535-2542. [PMID: 36719963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative carbene organocatalysis, which proceeds via single electron transfer (SET) pathways, has been limited by the moderately reducing properties of deprotonated Breslow intermediates BI-s derived from thiazol-2-ylidene 1 and 1,2,4-triazolylidene 2. Using computational methods, we assess the redox potentials of BI-s based on ten different types of known stable carbenes and report our findings concerning the key parameters influencing the steps of the catalytic cycle. From the calculated values of the first oxidation potential of BI-s derived from carbenes 1 to 10, it appears that, apart from the diamidocarbene 7, all the others are more reducing than thiazol-2-ylidene 1 and the 1,2,4-triazolylidene 2. We observed that while the reducing power of BI-s significantly decreases with increasing solvent polarity, the redox potential of the oxidant can increase at a greater rate, thus facilitating the reaction. The cation, associated with the base, also plays an important role when a nonpolar solvent is used; large and weakly coordinating cations such as Cs+ are beneficial. The radical-radical coupling step is probably the most challenging step due to both electronic and steric constraints. Based on our results, we predict that mesoionic carbene 3 and abnormal NHC 4 are the most promising candidates for oxidative carbene organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian F Mulks
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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20
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Remy-Speckmann I, Zimmermann BM, Gorai M, Lerch M, Teichert JF. Mechanochemical solid state synthesis of copper(I)/NHC complexes with K 3PO 4. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:440-447. [PMID: 37091734 PMCID: PMC10113518 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A protocol for the mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene complexes using cheap and readily available K3PO4 as base has been developed. This method employing a ball mill is amenable to typical simple copper(I)/NHC complexes but also to a sophisticated copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene complex bearing a guanidine moiety. In this way, the present approach circumvents commonly employed silver(I) complexes which are associated with significant and undesired waste formation and the excessive use of solvents. The resulting bifunctional catalyst has been shown to be active in a variety of reduction/hydrogenation transformations employing dihydrogen as terminal reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Remy-Speckmann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte M Zimmermann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahadeb Gorai
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Lerch
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes F Teichert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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21
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Chu W, Zhou T, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. CAAC-IPr*: easily accessible, highly sterically-hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13467-13470. [PMID: 36382995 PMCID: PMC9737351 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IPr* (IPr* = 1,3-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) has emerged as a powerful highly hindered and sterically-flexible ligand platform for transition-metal catalysis. CAACs (CAAC = cyclic (al-kyl)(amino)carbenes) have gained major attention as strongly electron-rich carbon analogues of NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) with broad applications in both industry and academia. Herein, we report a merger of CAAC ligands with highly-hindered IPr*. The efficient synthesis, electronic characterization and application in model Cu-catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes is described. The ligands are strongly electron-rich, bulky and flexible around the N-Ar wingtip. The availability of various IPr* and CAAC templates offers a significant potential to expand the existing arsenal of NHC ligands to electron-rich bulky architectures with critical applications in metal stabilization and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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22
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Mármol I, Quero J, Azcárate P, Atrián-Blasco E, Ramos C, Santos J, Gimeno MC, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Cerrada E. Biological Activity of NHC-Gold-Alkynyl Complexes Derived from 3-Hydroxyflavones. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102064. [PMID: 36297498 PMCID: PMC9612383 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) derivatives with flavone-derived ligands with a propargyl ether group. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities, showing greater activity against bacteria than against colon cancer cells (Caco-2). Complexes [Au(L2b)(IMe)] (1b) and [Au(L2b)(IPr)] (2b) were found to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. The mechanism of action of 1b was evaluated by measurement of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity, besides scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Inhibition of the enzyme thioredoxin reductase is not observed in either Escherichia Coli or Caco-2 cells; however, DHFR activity is compromised after incubation of E. coli cells with complex 1b. Moreover, loss of structural integrity and change in bacterial shape is observed in the images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment E. coli cells with complex 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Quero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Azcárate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Atrián-Blasco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla Ramos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida do Atlântico No. 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida do Atlântico No. 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - María Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.R.-Y.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.R.-Y.); (E.C.)
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23
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Madron du Vigné A, Cramer N. Chiral Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene (CAAC) Transition-Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Evaluation in Asymmetric Catalysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Madron du Vigné
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SB-ISIC, BCH 4305, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SB-ISIC, BCH 4305, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Ibni Hashim I, Tzouras NV, Janssens W, Scattolin T, Bourda L, Bhandary S, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Synthesis of Carbene‐Metal‐Amido (CMA) Complexes and Their Use as Precatalysts for the Activator‐Free, Gold‐Catalyzed Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Alkynes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201224. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281,S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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25
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Bortolamiol E, Fama F, Zhang Z, Demitri N, Cavallo L, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Scattolin T, Visentin F. Cationic palladium(II)-indenyl complexes bearing phosphines as ancillary ligands: synthesis, and study of indenyl amination and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11135-11151. [PMID: 35801510 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of palladium(II) indenyl derivatives and their applications are topics relatively less studied, though in recent times these compounds have been used as pre-catalysts able to promote challenging cross-coupling processes. Herein, we propose the first systematic study concerning the nucleophilic attack on the palladium(II) coordinated indenyl fragment and, for this purpose, we have prepared a library of new Pd-indenyl complexes bearing mono- or bidentate phosphines as spectator ligands, developing specific synthetic strategies. All novel compounds are thoroughly characterized, highlighting that the indenyl ligand presents always a hapticity intermediate between η3 and η5. Secondary amines have been chosen as nucleophiles for the present study and indenyl amination has been monitored by UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies, deriving a second order rate law, with dependence on both complex and amine concentrations. The rate-determining step of the process is the initial attack of the amine to the coordinated indenyl fragment, and this conclusion has been supported also by DFT calculations. The determination of second order rate constants has allowed us to assess the impact of the phosphine ligands on the kinetics of the process and identify the steric and electronic descriptors most suitable for predicting the reactivity of these systems. Finally, in vitro tests have proven that these organometallic compounds promote antiproliferative activity towards ovarian cancer cells better than cisplatin and possibly by adopting a different mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bortolamiol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fama
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Department KAUST Catalysis Centre, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal-23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Department KAUST Catalysis Centre, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal-23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy. .,Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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26
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Martynova EA, Voloshkin VA, Guillet SG, Bru F, Beliš M, Van Hecke K, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis enabled by gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6852-6857. [PMID: 35774168 PMCID: PMC9200118 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the use of gold sensitizers [Au(SIPr)(Cbz)] (PhotAu 1) and [Au(IPr)(Cbz)] (PhotAu 2) as attractive alternatives to state-of-the-art iridium-based systems. These novel photocatalysts are deployed in [2 + 2] cycloadditions of diallyl ethers and N-tosylamides. The reactions proceed in short reaction times and in environmentally friendly solvents. [Au(SIPr)Cbz] and [Au(IPr)(Cbz)] have higher triplet energy (E T) values (66.6 and 66.3 kcal mol-1, respectively) compared to commonly used iridium photosensitizers. These E T values permit the use of these gold complexes as sensitizers enabling energy transfer catalysis involving unprotected indole derivatives, a substrate class previously inaccessible with state-of-the-art Ir photocatalysts. The photosynthesis of unprotected tetracyclic spiroindolines via intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition using our simple mononuclear gold sensitizer is readily achieved. Mechanistic studies support the involvement of triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTEnT) for both [2 + 2] photocycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Sébastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Francis Bru
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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27
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Tialiou A, Chin J, Keppler BK, Reithofer MR. Current Developments of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Au(I)/Au(III) Complexes toward Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061417. [PMID: 35740438 PMCID: PMC9219884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first discovery, N-heterocyclic carbenes have had a significant impact on organometallic chemistry. Due to their nature as strong σ-donor and π-acceptor ligands, they are exceptionally well suited to stabilize Au(I) and Au(III) complexes in biological environments. Over the last decade, the development of rationally designed NHCAu(I/III) complexes to specifically target DNA has led to a new “gold rush” in bioinorganic chemistry. This review aims to summarize the latest advances of NHCAu(I/III) complexes that are able to interact with DNA. Furthermore, the latest advancements on acyclic diamino carbene gold complexes with anticancer activity are presented as these typically overlooked NHC alternatives offer great additional design possibilities in the toolbox of carbene-stabilized gold complexes for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Tialiou
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.); (B.K.K.)
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiamin Chin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.); (B.K.K.)
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael R. Reithofer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.); (B.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.R.R.)
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28
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Dimroth rearrangement “thiadiazole-triazole”: synthesis and exploration of 3-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazolium salts as NHC-proligands. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Scattolin T, Simoens A, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Flow chemistry of main group and transition metal complexes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Maliszewski BP, Ritacco I, Beliš M, Hashim II, Tzouras NV, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Van Hecke K, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A green route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: mechanism and expanded scope. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6204-6211. [PMID: 35357386 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable and facile weak-base synthetic route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is disclosed. The mechanism of this reaction is also elucidated via experimental and computational investigations. This straightforward protocol is then used for the synthesis of novel Pt(II)-NHC complexes and its utility is further explored to access key Pt(0)-NHC precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benon P Maliszewski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Shahabadi N, Ghaffari L, Mardani Z, Shiri F. Experimental and Molecular Docking Studies on the Interaction of a Water-Soluble Pd(II) Complex Containing β-Amino Alcohol with Calf Thymus DNA. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1988-2000. [PMID: 34218426 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of water-soluble and fluorescent [Pd (HEAC) Cl2] complex, in which HEAC is 2-((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino) cyclohexanol, with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) has been studied. This study was performed using electronic absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry and circular dichroism analyses, dynamic viscosity measurements, and molecular docking theory. From hypochromic effect observed in ct-DNA absorption spectra, it was found that the Pd(II) complex could form a conjugate with ct-DNA strands through the groove binding mode. The Kb values obtained from fluorescence measurements clearly assert the Pd(II) complex affinity to ct-DNA. The fluorescence quenching of the DNA-Hoechst compound following the successive additions of the Pd(II) complex to the solution revealed that the Pd(II) complex is located in the ct-DNA grooves, and Hoechst molecules have been released into solution; moreover, the resulting measurements from relative viscosity authenticate the Pd(II) complex binding to the grooves. Negative quantities of thermodynamic parameters imply that the Pd(II) complex binds to ct-DNA mainly by the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces; also, the Gibbs-free energy changes show the exothermic and spontaneous formation of the Pd(II) complex-DNA system. The electrochemical behavior of the Pd(II) complex in the attendance of ct-DNA was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry method (CV). Several quasi-reversible redox waves were observed along with increasing the anodic/cathodic peak currents, as well as a shift in anodic/cathodic peak potentials. Circular dichroism (CD) observations suggested that the Pd(II)-DNA interaction could alter ct-DNA conformation. The results of molecular modeling confirmed that groove mechanism is followed by the Pd(II) complex to interact with ct-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shahabadi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Center of Medical Biology Research (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Lida Ghaffari
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Mardani
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farshad Shiri
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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32
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Liu Y, Voloshkin VA, Scattolin T, Peng M, Van Hecke K, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Versatile and highly efficient trans‐[Pd(NHC)Cl2(DMS/THT)] precatalysts for C‐C and C‐N coupling reactions in green solvents. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Universiteit Gent Chemistry BELGIUM
| | | | | | - Min Peng
- Universiteit Gent Chemistry BELGIUM
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33
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Scattolin T, Pessotto I, Cavarzerani E, Canzonieri V, Orian L, Demitri N, Schmidt C, Casini A, Bortolamiol E, Visentin F, Rizzolio F, Nolan SP. Indenyl and allyl palladate complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands: an easily accessible class of new anticancer drug candidates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari Via Torino 155 30037 Mestre ITALY
| | - Ilenia Pessotto
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | | | - Laura Orian
- University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA elettra sincrotrone ITALY
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Munich University of Technology: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Angela Casini
- Munich University of Technology: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Enrica Bortolamiol
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice: Universita Ca' Foscari Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi ITALY
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34
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Martynova EA, Scattolin T, Cavarzerani E, Peng M, Van Hecke K, Rizzolio F, Nolan SP. A simple synthetic entryway into new families of NHC-gold-amido complexes and their in vitro antitumor activity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3462-3471. [PMID: 35142328 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple synthetic pathway to Au-NHC amido complexes is described. Syntheses and isolation of [Au(NHC)(NR1R2)] complexes, bearing various NHC ligands and NH-containing heterocycles under mild conditions are reported. The in vitro anticancer activity of these gold-complexes was investigated on three human cancer cell lines. A number of these show comparable or even better antiproliferative activity than cisplatin. Noteworthy is the non-toxicity of most of the complexes on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Cauwenbergh T, Scattolin T, Simoens A, Tzouras NV, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Sulfur‐ and Selenium−NHC Compounds (NHC=
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene). European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Andreas Simoens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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36
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Kinzhalov MA, Luzyanin KV. Synthesis and Contemporary Applications of Platinum Group Metals Complexes with Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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37
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Scattolin T, Lippmann P, Beliš M, Van Hecke K, Ottb I, Nolan SP. A simple synthetic entryway into (N‐heterocyclic carbene)gold‐steroidyl complexes and their anticancer activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ingo Ottb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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38
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Shepelenko KE, Khazipov OV, Burykina JV, Gordeev EG, Minyaev ME, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. One‐Step Access to Heteroatom‐Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Maxim A. Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Konstantin E. Shepelenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Oleg V. Khazipov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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39
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Carroll XB, Errulat D, Murugesu M, Jenkins DM. Late Lanthanide Macrocyclic Tetra-NHC Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1611-1619. [PMID: 34990145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An isostructural set of macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were synthesized on late lanthanides including Lu, Yb, Ho, Dy, and Gd. They were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR, electrochemistry, and SQUID magnetometry. Solid-state structures show that all complexes are in a highly distorted square-pyramidal geometry with an axial HMDS ligand. 1H NMR for Lu, Yb, and Dy demonstrates that these geometries are maintained in solution. Electrochemical measurements on the Yb complex show that the NHCs are very strong σ-donors compared to other organometallic Yb complexes. Magnetic measurements of the Yb and Dy complexes reveal slow relaxation of the magnetization in both complexes. The highly anisotropic Dy complex possesses an energy barrier to spin reversal of 52.42 K/36.43 cm-1 and waist-restricted hysteresis up to 2.8 K. Finally, an 18-atom macrocycle variant of the Lu complex was synthesized for comparison in reactivity and stability. These complexes are the first lanthanides prepared with macrocyclic NHCs and suggest that NHCs may be a promising ligand for developing single-molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dylan Errulat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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40
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Merschel A, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler G, Ghadwal RS. Crystalline phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8217-8222. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs), (iMIC)CHR (iMIC = PhC{N(Dipp)}2C(PPh2)C, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; R = H 4a or Ph 4b) derived from a 1,3-imidazole based mesoionic carbene (iMIC) are reported. The p-MIOs...
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41
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Dominique NL, Chen R, Santos AVB, Strausser SL, Rauch T, Kotseos CQ, Boggess WC, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Ad aurum: tunable transfer of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes to gold surfaces. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01941h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional stability of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers on gold surfaces and nanoparticles (AuNPs) is enabling new and diverse applications from catalysis to biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L. Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 101 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alyssa V. B. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 101 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shelby L. Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Theodore Rauch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Chandler Q. Kotseos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - William C. Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 101 Chemistry Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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42
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Pasyukov D, Shevchenko M, Shepelenko K, Khazipov O, Burykina J, Gordeev E, Minyaev M, Chernyshev V, Ananikov VP. One-Step Access to Heteroatom-Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116131. [PMID: 34963027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have ubiquitous applications in energy research, catalysis, materials and medicinal sciences. Here, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of diverse heteroatom-functionalized imidazolium and imidazolinium salts from easily available 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadienes in one step. The strategy relies on a discovered family of unprecedented nucleophilic addition/cyclization reactions with trialkyl orthoformates and heteroatomic nucleophiles. To probe general areas of application, synthesized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were feasible for direct metallation to give functionalized M/carbene complexes (M = Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au), which were isolated in individual form. The utility of chloromethyl function for the postmodification of the synthesized salts and Pd/carbene complexes was demonstrated. The obtained complexes and imidazolium salts demonstrated good activities in Pd- or Ni-catalyzed model cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pasyukov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Maxim Shevchenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Konstantin Shepelenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemitry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Oleg Khazipov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Julia Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Evgeniy Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Mikhail Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Victor Chernyshev
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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43
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Neshat A, Mastrorilli P, Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh A. Recent Advances in Catalysis Involving Bidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Molecules 2021; 27:95. [PMID: 35011327 PMCID: PMC8746573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of persistent carbenes by the isolation of 1,3-di-l-adamantylimidazol-2-ylidene by Arduengo and coworkers, we witnessed a fast growth in the design and applications of this class of ligands and their metal complexes. Modular synthesis and ease of electronic and steric adjustability made this class of sigma donors highly popular among chemists. While the nature of the metal-carbon bond in transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is predominantly considered to be neutral sigma or dative bonds, the strength of the bond is highly dependent on the energy match between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the NHC ligand and that of the metal ion. Because of their versatility, the coordination chemistry of NHC ligands with was explored with almost all transition metal ions. Other than the transition metals, NHCs are also capable of establishing a chemical bond with the main group elements. The advances in the catalytic applications of the NHC ligands linked with a second tether are discussed. For clarity, more frequently targeted catalytic reactions are considered first. Carbon-carbon coupling reactions, transfer hydrogenation of alkenes and carbonyl compounds, ketone hydrosilylation, and chiral catalysis are among highly popular reactions. Areas where the efficacy of the NHC based catalytic systems were explored to a lesser extent include CO2 reduction, C-H borylation, alkyl amination, and hydroamination reactions. Furthermore, the synthesis and applications of transition metal complexes are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Neshat
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ali Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
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44
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Ibni Hashim I, Scattolin T, Tzouras NV, Bourda L, Van Hecke K, Ritacco I, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Straightforward synthesis of [Cu(NHC)(alkynyl)] and [Cu(NHC)(thiolato)] complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). Dalton Trans 2021; 51:231-240. [PMID: 34881762 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic access to monomeric copper-alkynyl and copper-thiolato complexes of the type [(NHC)Cu(R)] (R = alkynyl or thiolato) using a weak base approach is reported. All reported reactions proceed under mild conditions in air and in environmentally acceptable solvents. The novel complexes are fully characterized and single crystal X-ray analyses unambiguously establish the atom connectivity in these mononuclear complexes. The importance of the supporting NHC ligand's steric properties in stabilizing mononuclear complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84048, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84048, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 96500, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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45
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Liu Y, Scattolin T, Gobbo A, Beliš M, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. A Simple Synthetic Route to Well‐Defined [Pd(NHC)Cl(1‐
t
Bu‐indenyl)] Pre‐catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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46
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Yang K, Jiang J. Transforming CO 2 into Methanol with N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Coinage Metal Hydrides Immobilized in a Metal-Organic Framework UiO-68. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58723-58736. [PMID: 34846838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By synergizing the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, single-site heterogeneous catalysis represents a highly promising opportunity for many catalytic processes. Particularly, the unprecedented designability and versatility of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) promote them as salient platforms for designing single-site catalytic materials by introducing isolated, well-defined active sites into the frameworks. Herein, we design new MOF-supported single-site catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol (CH3OH), a reaction of great significance in CO2 valorization. Specifically, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), a class of excellent modifiers and anchors, is used to anchor coinage metal hydrides M(I)-H (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) onto the organic linker of UiO-68. The strong metal-ligand interactions between NHC and M(I)-H verify the robustness and feasibility of our design strategy. On the tailor-made catalysts, a three-stage sequential transformation is proposed for CH3OH synthesis with HCOOH and HCHO as the transit intermediates. A density functional theory-based comparative study suggests that UiO-68 decorated with NHC-Cu(I)-H performs best for CO2 hydrogenation to HCOOH. This is further rationalized by three linear relationships for the Gibbs energy barrier of CO2 hydrogenation to HCOO intermediate, the first with the NBO charge of the hydride in NHC-M(I)-H, the second with the electronegativity of M, and the third with the gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of CO2 and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the catalyst. It is confirmed that the high efficiency of MOF-supported NHC-Cu(I)-H for CO2 transformation to CH3OH is via the proposed three-stage mechanism, and in each stage, the step involving heterolytic dissociation of H2 together with product generation is the most energy-intensive. The rate-limiting step in the entire mechanism is identified to be H2 dissociation accompanying with simultaneous HCHO and H2O formation. Altogether, the tailor-made UiO-68 decorated with NHC-Cu(I)-H features well-defined active sites, enables precise manipulation of reaction paths, and demonstrates excellent reactivity for CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH. It is also predicted to surpass a recently reported MOF-808 catalyst consisting of neighboring Zn2+-O-Zr4+ sites. The designed MOFs as well as the proposed strategy here establish a new paradigm and can be extended to other hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiwei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 117576, Singapore
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47
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Cancela L, Esteruelas MA, Oliván M, Oñate E. Azolium Control of the Osmium-Promoted Aromatic C-H Bond Activation in 1,3-Disubstituted Substrates. Organometallics 2021; 40:3979-3991. [PMID: 34924674 PMCID: PMC8672810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hexahydride complex OsH6(PiPr3)2 promotes the C-H bond activation of the 1,3-disubstituted phenyl group of the [BF4]- and [BPh4]- salts of the cations 1-(3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylimidazolium and 1-(3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbenzimidazolium. The reactions selectively afford neutral and cationic trihydride-osmium(IV) derivatives bearing κ2-C,N- or κ2-C,C-chelating ligands, a cationic dihydride-osmium(IV) complex stabilized by a κ3-C,C,N-pincer group, and a bimetallic hexahydride formed by two trihydride-osmium(IV) fragments. The metal centers of the hexahydride are separated by a bridging ligand, composed of κ2-C,N- and κ2-C,C-chelating moieties, which allows electronic communication between the metal centers. The wide variety of obtained compounds and the high selectivity observed in their formation is a consequence of the main role of the azolium group during the activation and of the existence of significant differences in behavior between the azolium groups. The azolium role is governed by the anion of the salt, whereas the azolium behavior depends upon its imidazolium or benzimidazolium nature. While [BF4]- inhibits the azolium reactions, [BPh4]- favors the azolium participation in the activation process. In contrast to benzimidazolylidene, the imidazolylidene resulting from the deprotonation of the imidazolium substituent coordinates in an abnormal fashion to direct the phenyl C-H bond activation to the 2-position. The hydride ligands of the cationic dihydride-osmium(IV) pincer complex display intense quantum mechanical exchange coupling. Furthermore, this salt is a red phosphorescent emitter upon photoexcitation and displays a noticeable catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone and of 1,2-phenylenedimethanol to 1-isobenzofuranone. The bimetallic hexahydride shows catalytic synergism between the metals, in the dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cancela
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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48
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Scattolin T, Valente G, Luzietti L, Piva M, Demitri N, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Visentin F. Synthesis and anticancer activity of Pt(0)‐olefin complexes bearing 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane and
N
‐heterocyclic carbene ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Giorgia Valente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Lara Luzietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Michele Piva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park Elettra–Sincrotrone Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia‐Mestre Italy
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Büssing R, Karge B, Lippmann P, Jones PG, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Gold(I) and Gold(III) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Inhibitors of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3402-3409. [PMID: 34268875 PMCID: PMC9290826 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of (NHC)Au(I)Cl monocarbene complexes and their gold(III) analogues (NHC)Au(III)Cl3 were prepared and investigated as antibacterial agents and inhibitors of bacterial TrxR. The complexes showed stronger antibacterial effects against the Gram-positive MRSA and E. faecium strains than against several Gram-negative bacteria. All complexes were efficient inhibitors of bacterial thioredoxin reductase, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme might be involved in their mechanism of action. The efficacy of gold(I) and gold(III) analogues was comparable in most of the assays. The cytotoxicity of the gold NHC compounds against cancer and human cells was overall weaker than the activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that their optimization as antibacterials warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical BiologyHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Inhoffenstrasse 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical BiologyHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Inhoffenstrasse 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
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50
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Narayana BK, Keri RS, Hanumantharayudu ND, Budagumpi S. Metal‐Metal Interactions in Bi‐, Tri‐ and Multinuclear Fe, Ru and Os N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and their Catalytic Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brinda Kadur Narayana
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562 112 Karnataka India
| | - Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562 112 Karnataka India
| | | | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562 112 Karnataka India
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